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Burrows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burrows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hibernation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hibernation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Hibernation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hibernation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Reproduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_mortality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_mortality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Health and mortality </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_and_mortality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Health and mortality subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Health_and_mortality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_predators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_predators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Natural predators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_predators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Relationship with humans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Groundhog</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="مرموط خنزير الأرض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرموط خنزير الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9F%C9%99_marmotu" title="Meşə marmotu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meşə marmotu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Горски мармот – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горски мармот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moregan_ar_c%27hoado%C3%B9" title="Moregan ar c'hoadoù – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moregan ar c'hoadoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svi%C5%A1%C5%A5_lesn%C3%AD" title="Svišť lesní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svišť lesní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skovmurmeldyr" title="Skovmurmeldyr – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skovmurmeldyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundsau" title="Grundsau – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Grundsau" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldmurmeltier" title="Waldmurmeltier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Waldmurmeltier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C7%AB%CC%81%CA%BC%C3%A1tsoh" title="Dlǫ́ʼátsoh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dlǫ́ʼátsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets%C3%BCmiseja" title="Metsümiseja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metsümiseja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbara_marmoto" title="Arbara marmoto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arbara marmoto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%86" title="چوب‌شکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب‌شکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskmarmot" title="Boskmarmot – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boskmarmot" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aitseach" title="Úitseach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Úitseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EC%B2%99" title="우드척 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우드척" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot_tanah" title="Marmot tanah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marmot tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3garm%C3%BArmeld%C3%BDr" title="Skógarmúrmeldýr – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skógarmúrmeldýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מרמיטה צפון-אמריקאית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרמיטה צפון-אמריקאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტყის ვირზაზუნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტყის ვირზაზუნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilotol_(Marmota_monax)" title="Bilotol (Marmota monax) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bilotol (Marmota monax)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1kinis_%C5%A1vilpikas" title="Miškinis švilpikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miškinis švilpikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdei_mormota" title="Erdei mormota – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erdei mormota" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="مرموط خنزير الارض – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مرموط خنزير الارض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot_tanah" title="Marmot tanah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marmot tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosmarmot" title="Bosmarmot – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bosmarmot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ウッドチャック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウッドチャック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skogmurmeldyr" title="Skogmurmeldyr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skogmurmeldyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awistak_ameryka%C5%84ski" title="Świstak amerykański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Świstak amerykański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmot%C4%83_comun%C4%83" title="Marmotă comună – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marmotă comună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Лесной сурок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лесной сурок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundhog" title="Groundhog – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Groundhog" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mets%C3%A4murmeli" title="Metsämurmeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metsämurmeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skogsmurmeldjur" title="Skogsmurmeldjur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skogsmurmeldjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9av%C3%B3ne%C5%A1ke" title="Séavóneške – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Séavóneške" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Бабак лісовий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бабак лісовий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmot_ch%C3%A2u_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Macmot châu Mỹ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Macmot châu Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" title="Marmota monax – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Marmota monax" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%B1%E7%8D%BA" title="美洲旱獺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美洲旱獺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q221612#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Groundhog" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Groundhog" rel="discussion" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Groundhog_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Groundhog (disambiguation)">Groundhog (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodchuck_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Woodchuck (disambiguation)">Woodchuck (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Whistle Pig" redirects here. For the whiskey distillery, see <a href="/wiki/WhistlePig" title="WhistlePig">WhistlePig</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/36px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for improving and merging references. You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Groundhog" title="Special:EditPage/Groundhog">editing it</a>. (August 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Groundhog </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg/220px-Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg/330px-Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg/440px-Marmota_monax_UL_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4891" data-file-height="3261" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Groundhog at <a href="/wiki/Laval_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Laval University">Laval University</a> campus, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /> <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Marmota" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">Sciuridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marmot" title="Marmot">Marmota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">M. monax</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Marmota monax <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>M. m. monax Linnaeus, 1758</li> <li>M. m. canadensis <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben" title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben">Erxleben</a>, 1777</li> <li>M. m. ignava <a href="/wiki/Outram_Bangs" title="Outram Bangs">Bangs</a>, 1899</li> <li>M. m. rufescens <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holmes_Howell" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Holmes Howell">A. H. Howell</a>, 1914</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmota_monax_range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marmota_monax_range.png/220px-Marmota_monax_range.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marmota_monax_range.png/330px-Marmota_monax_range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marmota_monax_range.png/440px-Marmota_monax_range.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1392" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Groundhog range in North America </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> Mus monax Linnaeus, 1758 Arctomys monax (Linnaeus, 1758) </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> The groundhog (Marmota monax), also known as the woodchuck, is a <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodent</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Sciuridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciuridae">Sciuridae</a>, belonging to the group of large <a href="/wiki/Ground_squirrel" title="Ground squirrel">ground squirrels</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Marmot" title="Marmot">marmots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MSW3-2">[2]</a> A lowland creature of North America, it is found through much of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a>, across <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It was first scientifically described by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in 1758.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The groundhog plays an important role maintaining healthy soil in <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a>; as such, the species is considered a crucial <a href="/wiki/Habitat_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat engineer">habitat engineer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The groundhog is an extremely <a href="/wiki/Intelligent" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent">intelligent</a> animal, forming complex <a href="/wiki/Social_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networks">social networks</a> and capable of understanding <a href="/wiki/Social_behavior" title="Social behavior">social behavior</a>, forming <a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">kinship</a> with its young, understanding and <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communicating</a> threats through <a href="/wiki/Whistling" title="Whistling">whistling</a>, and working <a href="/wiki/Cooperatively" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperatively">cooperatively</a> to solve tasks such as <a href="/wiki/Burrowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Burrowing">burrowing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> Common names for the groundhog include chuck, wood-shock, groundpig, whistle-pig,<a href="#cite_note-si-10">[10]</a> whistler, thickwood badger, Canada marmot, monax, moonack, weenusk, red monk,<a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 300  land beaver,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and, among French Canadians in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">eastern Canada</a>, siffleux.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The name "thickwood badger" was given in the Northwest to distinguish the animal from the <a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">prairie badger</a>. Monax (Móonack) is an <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a> name of the woodchuck, which means "digger" (cf. <a href="/wiki/Delaware_languages" title="Delaware languages">Lenape</a> monachgeu).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 300–301  Young groundhogs may be called chucklings.<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 66  The etymology of the name woodchuck is unrelated to <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> or any sense of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chuck" class="extiw" title="wikt:chuck">chucking</a>. It stems from an <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Narragansett (tribe)">Narragansett</a>) name for the animal, wuchak.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The similarity between the words has led to the popular <a href="/wiki/Tongue-twister" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongue-twister">tongue-twister</a>:<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/How_much_wood_would_a_woodchuck_chuck" class="mw-redirect" title="How much wood would a woodchuck chuck">How much wood would a woodchuck chuck</a> <dl><dd>if a woodchuck could chuck wood?</dd></dl></dd> <dd>A woodchuck would chuck all the wood he could <dl><dd>if a woodchuck could chuck wood!</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Groundhog_Newark,_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Groundhog_Newark%2C_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg/220px-Groundhog_Newark%2C_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Groundhog_Newark%2C_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg/330px-Groundhog_Newark%2C_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Groundhog_Newark%2C_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg/440px-Groundhog_Newark%2C_NJ_31_March_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Groundhog displaying its incisors</figcaption></figure> The groundhog is by far the largest <a href="/wiki/Sciuridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciuridae">sciurid</a> in its geographical range, except in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> where its range may abut that of its somewhat larger cousin, the <a href="/wiki/Hoary_marmot" title="Hoary marmot">hoary marmot</a>. Adults may measure from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>41.8 to 68.5 cm (16+7⁄16 to 26+15⁄16 in) in total length, including a tail of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">9.5 to 18.7 cm (3+3⁄4 to 7+3⁄8 in).<a href="#cite_note-Kwiecinski-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-DC-20">[20]</a> Weights of adult groundhogs typically fall between 2 and 6.3 kg (4 lb 7 oz and 13 lb 14 oz).<a href="#cite_note-DC-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Male groundhogs are slightly larger than females on average and, like all marmots, they are considerably heavier during autumn (when engaged in <a href="/wiki/Polyphagia" title="Polyphagia">autumn hyperphagia</a>) than when they emerge from hibernation in spring. Adult males average year-around weight 3.83 kg (8 lb 7 oz), with spring to fall average weights of 3.1 to 5.07 kg (6 lb 13 oz to 11 lb 3 oz) while females average 3.53 kg (7 lb 13 oz), with spring to fall averages of 3.08 to 4.8 kg (6 lb 13 oz to 10 lb 9 oz).<a href="#cite_note-Kwiecinski-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Seasonal weight changes reflect circannual deposition and use of fat. Groundhogs attain progressively higher weights each year for the first two or three years, after which weight plateaus.<a href="#cite_note-Kwiecinski-18">[18]</a> Groundhogs have four <a href="/wiki/Incisor" title="Incisor">incisors</a>, which grow <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1.5 millimetres (1⁄16 in) per week. Constant usage wears them down by about that much each week.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Unlike the incisors of many other rodents, the incisors of groundhogs are white to ivory-white.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 20  Groundhogs are well-adapted for digging, with powerful, short legs and broad, long claws. The groundhog's tail is shorter than that of other Sciuridae—only about one-fourth of body length. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat">edit</a>]</div> The groundhog dwells in lowland habitats, unlike other marmots that live in rocky and mountainous areas. Marmota monax has a wide geographic range. The groundhog prefers open country and the edges of woodland, being rarely found far from a burrow entrance.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> It can typically be found in small woodlots, low-elevation forests, fields and pastures, and hedgerows. It constructs dens in well-drained soil, and most groundhogs have summer and winter dens. Human activity has increased food access and abundance, allowing M. monax to thrive.<a href="#cite_note-ADW-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Behavior">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Groundhog-Standing2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Groundhog-Standing2.jpg/220px-Groundhog-Standing2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Groundhog-Standing2.jpg/330px-Groundhog-Standing2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Groundhog-Standing2.jpg/440px-Groundhog-Standing2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A motionless individual, alert to danger, will whistle when alarmed to warn other groundhogs.</figcaption></figure> W.J. Schoonmaker reports that groundhogs may hide when they see, smell, or hear an observer.<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 41–43  Marmot researcher Ken Armitage states that the social biology of the groundhog is poorly studied.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Despite their heavy-bodied appearance, groundhogs are accomplished swimmers and occasionally climb trees when escaping predators or when they want to survey their surroundings.<a href="#cite_note-chapman-29">[29]</a> They prefer to retreat to their burrows when threatened; if the burrow is invaded, the groundhog tenaciously defends itself with its two large <a href="/wiki/Incisor" title="Incisor">incisors</a> and front claws. Groundhogs are generally <a href="/wiki/Agonistic_behaviour" title="Agonistic behaviour">agonistic</a> and territorial toward conspecifics and may skirmish to establish dominance.<a href="#cite_note-whitaker-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 93  Outside their burrow, individuals are alert when not actively feeding. It is common to see one or more nearly motionless individuals standing erect on their hind feet watching for danger. When alarmed, they use a high-pitched whistle to warn the rest of the colony, hence the name "whistle-pig".<a href="#cite_note-adweb-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-CWS-32">[32]</a> Groundhogs may squeal when fighting, seriously injured, or caught by a predator.<a href="#cite_note-CWS-32">[32]</a> Other vocalizations include low barks and a sound produced by grinding their teeth.<a href="#cite_note-CWS-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_P._Barash" title="David P. Barash">David P. Barash</a> wrote that he witnessed only two occasions of upright play-fighting among woodchucks and that the upright posture of play-fighting involves sustained physical contact between individuals that may require a degree of social tolerance virtually unknown in M. monax. Alternatively, upright play-fighting may be a part of the woodchuck's behavioral repertoire that rarely is shown because of physical spacing and/or low social tolerance.<a href="#cite_note-BarashMarmots-33">[33]</a>: 97  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg/220px-Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg/330px-Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg/440px-Juvenile_Groundhog_in_a_Field_of_Clover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4786" data-file-height="3423" /></a><figcaption>Clover is a preferred food source for groundhogs.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/220px--20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="47" data-mwtitle="20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="3840" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm/20240611_groundhog_south_meadows_wm.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Eating wild vegetation</figcaption></figure> Mostly <a href="/wiki/Herbivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivory">herbivorous</a>, groundhogs eat primarily wild grasses and other vegetation, including berries, bark, leaves, and agricultural crops, when available.<a href="#cite_note-whitaker-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-34">[34]</a> In early spring, dandelion and coltsfoot are important groundhog food items. Some additional foods include <a href="/wiki/Sheep_sorrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep sorrel">sheep sorrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timothy-grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy-grass">timothy-grass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranunculus" title="Ranunculus">buttercup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persicaria" title="Persicaria">persicaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agrimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrimony">agrimony</a>, red and black raspberries, mulberries, buckwheat, plantain, wild lettuce, all varieties of clover, and alfalfa. Groundhogs also occasionally eat small animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">grubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshoppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>, and even bird eggs and baby birds, but are not as <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivorous</a> as many other <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">Sciuridae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> An adult groundhog can eat more than a pound of vegetation daily.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In early June, woodchucks' <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> slows, and while their food intake decreases, their weight increases by as much as 100% as they produce fat deposits to sustain them during hibernation and late winter.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Instead of storing food, groundhogs stuff themselves to survive the winter without eating.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Thought not to drink water, groundhogs are reported to obtain needed liquids from the juices of food-plants, aided by their sprinkling with rain or dew.<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 85 <a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 308  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burrows">Burrows</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Burrows">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg/220px-Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg/330px-Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg/440px-Marmota_monax_UL_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Groundhog gathering nesting material for its warm <a href="/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">burrow</a></figcaption></figure> Groundhogs are excellent burrowers, using burrows for sleeping, rearing young, and <a href="/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernating</a>. Groundhog burrows usually have two to five entrances, providing groundhogs their primary means of escape from predators. The volume of earth removed from groundhog burrows in one study averaged 6 cubic feet (0.17 m3) per den. The longest burrow measured 24 feet (7.3 m) plus two short side galleries.<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 108–109  Though groundhogs are the most solitary of the marmots, several individuals may occupy the same burrow. Burrows can pose a serious threat to agricultural and residential development by damaging farm machinery and even undermining building foundations.<a href="#cite_note-adweb-31">[31]</a> In a June 7, 2009, Humane Society of the United States article, "How to Humanely Chuck a Woodchuck Out of Your Yard" by John Griffin, director of Humane Wildlife Services, stated you would have to have a lot of woodchucks working over a lot of years to create tunnel systems that would pose any risk to a structure.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The burrow is used for safety, retreat in bad weather, hibernating, sleeping, love nest, and nursery. In addition to the nest, there is an excrement chamber. The hibernation or nest chamber is lined with dead leaves and dried grasses.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The nest chamber may be about twenty inches to three feet (51–91 cm) below ground surface. It is about 16 inches (41 cm) wide and 14 inches (36 cm) high. There are typically two burrow openings or holes. One is the main entrance, the other a spy hole. Description of the length of the burrow often includes side galleries. Excluding side galleries, Schoonmaker reports the longest was 24 feet (7.3 m), and the average length of eleven dens was 14 feet (4.3 m).<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 104–105  W. H. Fisher investigated nine burrows, finding the deepest point 49 inches (120 cm) down. The longest, including side galleries, was 47 ft 11.5 in (14.62 m).<a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 306  Numbers of burrows per individual groundhog decrease with <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-watson-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Bachman mentioned that when the young groundhogs are a few months old, they prepare for separation, digging a number of holes in the area of their early home. Some of these holes were only a few feet deep and never occupied, but the numerous burrows gave the impression that groundhogs live in communities.<a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 318  Abandoned groundhog burrows benefit many other species by providing shelter. They are used by cottontail rabbits, raccoons, foxes, river otters, eastern chipmunks, and a wide variety of small mammals, snakes, and birds.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hibernation">Hibernation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hibernation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg/220px-Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg/330px-Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg/440px-Baby_groundhogs_-_05-17-2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Two baby groundhogs</figcaption></figure> Groundhogs are one of the few species that enter into true <a href="/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernation</a>, and often build a separate "winter burrow" for this purpose. This burrow is usually in a wooded or brushy area and is dug below the <a href="/wiki/Frost_line" title="Frost line">frost line</a> and remains at a stable temperature well above freezing during the winter months. In most areas, groundhogs hibernate from October to March or April, but in more temperate areas, they may hibernate as little as three months.<a href="#cite_note-rhodeisland-44">[44]</a> Groundhogs hibernate longer in northern latitudes than southern latitudes.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> To survive the winter, they are at their maximum weight shortly before entering hibernation.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47">[47]</a> When the groundhog enters hibernation, there is a drop in body temperature to as low as 35 degrees Fahrenheit (2 °C), heart rate falls to 4–10 beats per minute and breathing rate falls to one breath every six minutes.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> During hibernation, they experience periods of torpor and arousal.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Hibernating woodchucks lose as much as half their body weight by February.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> They emerge from hibernation with some remaining body fat to live on until the warmer spring weather produces abundant plant materials for food.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47">[47]</a> Males emerge from hibernation before females.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 50  Groundhogs are mostly <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> and are often active early in the morning or late afternoon.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reproduction">edit</a>]</div> Groundhogs are considered the most <a href="/wiki/Sociality#Presociality" title="Sociality">solitary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Marmot" title="Marmot">marmot species</a>. They live in aggregations, and their social organization also varies across <a href="/wiki/Populations" class="mw-redirect" title="Populations">populations</a>. Groundhogs do not form stable, long-term pair-bonds, and during <a href="/wiki/Mating_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Mating season">mating season</a> male-female interactions are limited to <a href="/wiki/Copulation_(zoology)" title="Copulation (zoology)">copulation</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, adult males and females associate with each other throughout the year and often from year to year.<a href="#cite_note-mating_system-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kwiecinski-18">[18]</a> Usually groundhogs <a href="/wiki/Biological_reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological reproduction">breed</a> in their second year, but a small proportion may breed in their first. The <a href="/wiki/Breeding_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Breeding season">breeding season</a> extends from early March to mid- or late April, after hibernation. Woodchucks are polygynous<a href="#cite_note-ADW-27">[27]</a> but only alpine and woodchuck marmot females have been shown to mate with multiple males.<a href="#cite_note-mating_system-53">[53]</a> A mated pair remains in the same den throughout the 31- to 32-day <a href="/wiki/Gestation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestation period">gestation period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> As birth of the young approaches in April or May, the male leaves the den. One litter is produced annually. Female woodchucks give birth to one to nine offspring, with most litters ranging between 3 and 5 pups.<a href="#cite_note-ADW-27">[27]</a> Groundhog mothers introduce their young to the wild once their fur is grown in and they can see. At this time, if at all, the father groundhog comes back to the family.<a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 316  By the end of August, the family breaks up; or at least, the larger number scatter, to burrow on their own.<a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 318  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_and_mortality">Health and mortality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Health and mortality">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Groundhog_on_alert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Groundhog in northern Ontario, Canada on high alert for predators." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Groundhog_on_alert.jpg/220px-Groundhog_on_alert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Groundhog_on_alert.jpg/330px-Groundhog_on_alert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Groundhog_on_alert.jpg/440px-Groundhog_on_alert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2228" data-file-height="2437" /></a><figcaption>A Groundhog in northern Ontario, Canada on high alert for predators.</figcaption></figure> In the wild, groundhogs can live up to six years with two or three being the average life expectancy. In captivity, groundhogs reportedly live up to 14 years. Human development often leaves vacant space near <a href="/wiki/Secondary_forest" title="Secondary forest">secondary forests</a>, which are indigenous to groundhogs, which ensures that groundhogs in well-developed areas are nearly free of predators other than <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a> (through various forms of pest control or roadkills) or mid-to-large sized <a href="/wiki/Dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogs">dogs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Occasionally, woodchucks may suffer from <a href="/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism">parasitism</a>, and a woodchuck may die from infestation or from bacteria transmitted by vectors.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In areas of intensive agriculture and the dairying regions of the state of Wisconsin, particularly in southern areas, the woodchuck had been almost extirpated by 1950.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson1961-57">[57]</a>: 124  Jackson (1961) suggested that exaggerated reports of damage done by the woodchuck led to excessive culling, substantially reducing its numbers in the state. In some areas woodchucks are important game animals and are killed regularly for sport, food, or fur. In Kentucky, an estimated 267,500 M. monax were taken annually from 1964 to 1971.<a href="#cite_note-barbour-58">[58]</a>: 143  Woodchucks had protected status in the state of Wisconsin<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> until 2017.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Woodchuck numbers appear to have decreased in Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_predators">Natural predators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Natural predators">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg/220px-Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg/330px-Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg/440px-Woodchuck_up_a_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Groundhogs can climb trees to escape predators.</figcaption></figure> Wild predators of adult groundhogs in most of eastern <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> include <a href="/wiki/Coyotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyotes">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">badgers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxes">foxes</a> (largely <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>). Many of these predators are successful stealth stalkers that catch groundhogs by surprise before they can escape to their burrows; badgers likely hunt them by digging them out from their burrows. Coyotes in particular are sizable enough to overpower any groundhog with the latter being the third most significant prey species per a statewide study in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Large predators such as <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">gray wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_cougar" title="Eastern cougar">eastern cougar</a> are likely <a href="/wiki/Extirpation" class="mw-redirect" title="Extirpation">extirpated</a> in the east but still may hunt groundhogs on occasion in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">Golden eagles</a> can also prey on adult groundhogs, but seldom occur in the same range or in the same habitats as this marmot. Likewise, <a href="/wiki/Great_horned_owl" title="Great horned owl">great horned owls</a> can reportedly, per Bent (1938), prey upon groundhogs but rarely do so, given the temporal differences in their behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bent-72">[72]</a> Young groundhogs (usually those less than a couple months in age) may also be taken by the <a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a>, and perhaps other small <a href="/wiki/Mustelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustelid">mustelids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timber_rattlesnake" title="Timber rattlesnake">timber rattlesnakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hawks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawks">hawks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">Red-tailed hawks</a> can take groundhogs at least of up to the size of yearling juveniles, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_goshawk" title="Northern goshawk">northern goshawks</a> can take them up to perhaps weak emergent-adult groundhogs in the Spring.<a href="#cite_note-Kwiecinski-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-DC-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Beyond their large size, groundhogs have several successful anti-predator behaviors, usually retreating to the safety of their burrow which most predators will not attempt to enter, but also being ready to defend themselves with their sharp claws and large incisors. They can also scale trees to escape a threat.<a href="#cite_note-barbour-58">[58]</a>: 142–143 <a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-watson-41">[41]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relationship with humans">edit</a>]</div> Both their diet and their habit of burrowing make groundhogs serious nuisance animals around farms and gardens. They will eat many commonly grown vegetables. Extensive burrowing can undermine foundations.<a href="#cite_note-adweb-31">[31]</a> Very often, the dens of groundhogs provide homes for other animals, including skunks, red foxes, and cottontail rabbits. Foxes and skunks feed upon field mice, grasshoppers, beetles, and other creatures that destroy farm crops. In aiding these animals, the groundhog indirectly helps the farmer. In addition to providing homes for itself and other animals, the groundhog aids in soil improvement by bringing subsoil to the surface. The groundhog is also a valuable game animal and is considered a difficult sport when hunted in a fair manner.<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 129–131  In some parts of the U.S., they have been eaten.<a href="#cite_note-Castro-77">[77]</a> A report in 1883 by the New Hampshire Legislative Woodchuck Committee describes the groundhog's objectionable character:<a href="#cite_note-Seton1928-11">[11]</a>: 328 <a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The woodchuck, despite its deformities both of mind and body, possesses some of the amenities of a higher civilization. It cleans its face after the manner of the squirrels, and licks its fur after the manner of a cat. Your committee is too wise, however, to be deceived by this purely superficial observation of better habits. Contemporaneous with the ark, the woodchuck has not made any material progress in social science, and it is now too late to reform the wayward sinner. The average age of the woodchuck is too long to please your committee.... The woodchuck is not only a nuisance, but also a bore. It burrows beneath the soil, and then chuckles to see a mowing machine, man and all, slump into one of these holes and disappear....</blockquote> The committee concludes that, "a small bounty will prove of incalculable good; at all events, even as an experiment, it is certainly worth trying; therefore your committee would respectfully recommend that the accompanying bill be passed."<a href="#cite_note-Schoonmaker-15">[15]</a>: 133  Groundhogs may be raised in captivity, but their aggressive nature can pose problems. Doug Schwartz, a zookeeper and groundhog trainer at the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Zoo" title="Staten Island Zoo">Staten Island Zoo</a>, has been quoted as saying "They're known for their aggression, so you're starting from a hard place. His natural impulse is to <a href="/wiki/Caedite_eos._Novit_enim_Dominus_qui_sunt_eius." title="Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius.">kill 'em all and let God sort 'em out</a>. You have to work to produce the sweet and cuddly."<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-79">[79]</a> Groundhogs cared for in <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_rehabilitation" title="Wildlife rehabilitation">wildlife rehabilitation</a> that survive but cannot be returned to the wild may remain with their caregivers and become educational ambassadors.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In the United States and Canada, the yearly <a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a> celebration on February 2 has given the groundhog recognition and popularity. The most popularly known of these groundhogs are <a href="/wiki/Punxsutawney_Phil" title="Punxsutawney Phil">Punxsutawney Phil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiarton_Willie" title="Wiarton Willie">Wiarton Willie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shubenacadie_Sam" title="Shubenacadie Sam">Shubenacadie Sam</a>, Jimmy the Groundhog, <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_Dave" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunkirk Dave">Dunkirk Dave</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Chuck" title="Staten Island Chuck">Staten Island Chuck</a> kept as part of Groundhog Day festivities in <a href="/wiki/Punxsutawney,_Pennsylvania" title="Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania">Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wiarton,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiarton, Ontario">Wiarton, Ontario</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sun_Prairie,_Wisconsin" title="Sun Prairie, Wisconsin">Sun Prairie, Wisconsin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk,_New_York" title="Dunkirk, New York">Dunkirk, New York</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> respectively. The 1993 comedy film <a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day_(film)" title="Groundhog Day (film)">Groundhog Day</a> references several events related to Groundhog Day, and portrays both Punxsutawney Phil himself, and the annual Groundhog Day ceremony. Famous <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> groundhogs include <a href="/wiki/General_Beauregard_Lee" title="General Beauregard Lee">General Beauregard Lee</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Dauset_Trails_Nature_Center" title="Dauset Trails Nature Center">Dauset Trails Nature Center</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lee-ajc-83">[83]</a> Groundhogs are used in medical research on <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">hepatitis B</a>-induced <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">liver cancer</a>. A percentage of the woodchuck population is infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which is similar to human hepatitis B virus. Humans cannot contract hepatitis from woodchucks with WHV, but the virus and its effects on the liver make the woodchuck the best available animal for the study of viral hepatitis in humans. The only other animal model for hepatitis B virus studies is the chimpanzee, an endangered species.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Woodchucks are also used in biomedical research investigating <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolic function</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_homeostasis" title="Energy homeostasis">energy balance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerebrovascular_disease" title="Cerebrovascular disease">cerebrovascular disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neoplastic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplastic disease">neoplastic disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Researching the hibernation patterns of groundhogs may lead to benefits for humans, including lowering of the heart rate in complicated surgical procedures.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Groundhog burrows have revealed at least two <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological sites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ufferman_Site" title="Ufferman Site">Ufferman Site</a> in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a><a href="#cite_note-dohp-87">[87]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Archaeologists have never <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavated</a> the Ufferman Site, but the activities of local groundhogs have revealed numerous <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a>. They favor the loose soil of the <a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">esker</a> at the site lies, and their burrow digging has brought many objects to the surface: human and animal bones, pottery, and bits of stone.<a href="#cite_note-dohp-87">[87]</a> Woodchuck remains were found in the Indian mounds at <a href="/wiki/Aztalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztalan">Aztalan</a>, Jefferson County, Wisconsin.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson1961-57">[57]</a>: 124  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>'s poem "A Drumlin Woodchuck" uses the imagery of a groundhog dug into a small ridge as a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> for his emotional <a href="/wiki/Reticence" class="mw-redirect" title="Reticence">reticence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company,_Marne_Mine,_Lejunior,_Harlan_County,_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daughter of a Lejunior, Kentucky, coal miner with her pet groundhog (1946)"><img alt="Daughter of a Lejunior, Kentucky, coal miner with her pet groundhog (1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company%2C_Marne_Mine%2C_Lejunior%2C_Harlan_County%2C_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg/156px-Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company%2C_Marne_Mine%2C_Lejunior%2C_Harlan_County%2C_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company%2C_Marne_Mine%2C_Lejunior%2C_Harlan_County%2C_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg/233px-Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company%2C_Marne_Mine%2C_Lejunior%2C_Harlan_County%2C_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company%2C_Marne_Mine%2C_Lejunior%2C_Harlan_County%2C_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg/311px-Daughter_of_miner_with_pet_ground_hog._Dixie_Darby_Fuel_Company%2C_Marne_Mine%2C_Lejunior%2C_Harlan_County%2C_Kentucky._-_NARA_-_541297.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Lejunior,_Kentucky" title="Lejunior, Kentucky">Lejunior, Kentucky</a>, coal miner with her pet groundhog (1946)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close encounter with a photographer at Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve, Ohio"><img alt="Close encounter with a photographer at Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve, Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg/200px-Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg/300px-Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg/400px-Marmota_monax-lateral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close encounter with a photographer at Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCassola,_F.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cassola, F. 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Retrieved April 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Groundhog+Day+is+steeped+in+tradition+but+isn%27t+the+most+accurate%2C+according+to+weather+almanacs&rft.date=2020-02-02&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=Lane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fgroundhog-meteorologists-predict-weather-feb%2FCsWxLI8SQjAcF6Y79ooGpJ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGroundhog" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegelken,_Roger1966" class="citation news cs1">Segelken, Roger (February 1, 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1996/02/cornell-groundhog-harbinger-health">"At Cornell, groundhog is harbinger of health"</a>. CornellChronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308174058/http://news.cornell.edu/stories/1996/02/cornell-groundhog-harbinger-health">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CornellChronicle&rft.atitle=At+Cornell%2C+groundhog+is+harbinger+of+health&rft.date=1966-02-01&rft.au=Segelken%2C+Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2F1996%2F02%2Fcornell-groundhog-harbinger-health&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGroundhog" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Marmota_monax/">"Marmota monax (woodchuck)"</a>. 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Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a>: Somerset, p. 328. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOehlschlaeger1982" class="citation journal cs1">Oehlschlaeger, Fritz (December 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3046&context=cq">"Two Woodchucks, or Frost and Thoreau on the Art of the Burrow"</a>. Colby Quarterly. 18 (4): 214–219. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101022332/https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3046&context=cq">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colby+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Two+Woodchucks%2C+or+Frost+and+Thoreau+on+the+Art+of+the+Burrow&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=214-219&rft.date=1982-12&rft.aulast=Oehlschlaeger&rft.aufirst=Fritz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.colby.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3D%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D3046%26context%3Dcq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGroundhog" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBezuidenhoutEvans2005" class="citation book cs1">Bezuidenhout, A. J.; Evans, Howard E. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/61270">Anatomy of the woodchuck (Marmota monax)</a>. Lawrence, KS: American Society of Mammalogists. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.61270">10.5962/bhl.title.61270</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781891276439" title="Special:BookSources/9781891276439"><bdi>9781891276439</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+the+woodchuck+%28Marmota+monax%29&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Mammalogists&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.61270&rft.isbn=9781891276439&rft.aulast=Bezuidenhout&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.au=Evans%2C+Howard+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F61270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGroundhog" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Groundhog&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marmotini_nav" title="Template:Marmotini nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marmotini_nav" title="Template talk:Marmotini nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marmotini_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marmotini nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Living_species_of_tribe_Marmotini_(ground_squirrels)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Living species of tribe <a href="/wiki/Ground_squirrel" title="Ground squirrel">Marmotini (ground squirrels)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a> </li> <li>Suborder: <a href="/wiki/Sciuromorpha" title="Sciuromorpha">Sciuromorpha</a> </li> <li>Family: <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">Sciuridae</a> </li> <li>Subfamily: <a href="/wiki/Xerinae" title="Xerinae">Xerinae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antelope_squirrel" title="Antelope squirrel">Ammospermophilus</a> (antelope squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harris%27s_antelope_squirrel" title="Harris's antelope squirrel">Harris's antelope squirrel (A. harrisii)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADritu_Santo_antelope_squirrel" title="Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel">Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel (A. insularis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_antelope_squirrel" title="Texas antelope squirrel">Texas antelope squirrel (A. interpres)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_antelope_squirrel" title="White-tailed antelope squirrel">White-tailed antelope squirrel (A. leucurus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_antelope_squirrel" title="San Joaquin antelope squirrel">San Joaquin antelope squirrel (A. nelsoni)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callospermophilus" title="Callospermophilus">Callospermophilus</a> (golden-mantled ground squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden-mantled_ground_squirrel" title="Golden-mantled ground squirrel">Golden-mantled ground squirrel (C. lateralis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_ground_squirrel" title="Sierra Madre ground squirrel">Sierra Madre ground squirrel (C. madrensis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_golden-mantled_ground_squirrel" title="Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel">Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel (C. saturatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dog" title="Prairie dog">Cynomys</a> (prairie dogs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison%27s_prairie_dog" title="Gunnison's prairie dog">Gunnison's prairie dog (C. gunnisoni)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_prairie_dog" title="White-tailed prairie dog">White-tailed prairie dog (C. leucurus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-tailed_prairie_dog" title="Black-tailed prairie dog">Black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_prairie_dog" title="Mexican prairie dog">Mexican prairie dog (C. mexicanus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_prairie_dog" title="Utah prairie dog">Utah prairie dog (C. parvidens)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eutamias" title="Eutamias">Eutamias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_chipmunk" title="Siberian chipmunk">Siberian chipmunk (E. sibiricus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ictidomys" title="Ictidomys">Ictidomys</a> (little ground squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_ground_squirrel" title="Mexican ground squirrel">Mexican ground squirrel (I. mexicanus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_ground_squirrel" title="Rio Grande ground squirrel">Rio Grande ground squirrel (I. parvidens)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen-lined_ground_squirrel" title="Thirteen-lined ground squirrel">Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (I. tridecemlineatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmot" title="Marmot">Marmota</a> (marmots)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Subgenus Marmota: <a href="/wiki/Gray_marmot" title="Gray marmot">Gray marmot (M. baibacina)</a>  <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobak_marmot" title="Bobak marmot">Bobak marmot (M. bobak)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_marmot" title="Alaska marmot">Alaska marmot (M. broweri)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-capped_marmot" title="Black-capped marmot">Black-capped marmot (M. camtschatica)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_marmot" title="Long-tailed marmot">Long-tailed marmot (M. caudata)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_marmot" title="Himalayan marmot">Himalayan marmot (M. himalayana)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_marmot" title="Alpine marmot">Alpine marmot (M. marmota)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzbier%27s_marmot" title="Menzbier's marmot">Menzbier's marmot (M. menzbieri)</a> </li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Groundhog or woodchuck (M. monax)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbagan_marmot" title="Tarbagan marmot">Tarbagan marmot (M. sibirica)</a> Subgenus Petromarmota: <a href="/wiki/Hoary_marmot" title="Hoary marmot">Hoary marmot (M. caligata)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_marmot" title="Yellow-bellied marmot">Yellow-bellied marmot (M. flaviventris)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_marmot" title="Olympic marmot">Olympic marmot (M. olympus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island_marmot" title="Vancouver Island marmot">Vancouver Island marmot (M. vancouverensis)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neotamias" title="Neotamias">Neotamias</a> (western chipmunks)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_chipmunk" title="Alpine chipmunk">Alpine chipmunk (N. alpinus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-pine_chipmunk" title="Yellow-pine chipmunk">Yellow-pine chipmunk (N. amoenus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller%27s_chipmunk" title="Buller's chipmunk">Buller's chipmunk (N. bulleri)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray-footed_chipmunk" title="Gray-footed chipmunk">Gray-footed chipmunk (N. canipes)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray-collared_chipmunk" title="Gray-collared chipmunk">Gray-collared chipmunk (N. cinereicollis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_chipmunk" title="Cliff chipmunk">Cliff chipmunk (N. dorsalis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_chipmunk" title="Durango chipmunk">Durango chipmunk (N. durangae)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merriam%27s_chipmunk" title="Merriam's chipmunk">Merriam's chipmunk (N. merriami)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_chipmunk" title="Least chipmunk">Least chipmunk (N. minimus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_chipmunk" title="California chipmunk">California chipmunk (N. obscurus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-cheeked_chipmunk" title="Yellow-cheeked chipmunk">Yellow-cheeked chipmunk (N. ochrogenys)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer%27s_chipmunk" title="Palmer's chipmunk">Palmer's chipmunk (N. palmeri)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamint_chipmunk" title="Panamint chipmunk">Panamint chipmunk (N. panamintinus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-eared_chipmunk" title="Long-eared chipmunk">Long-eared chipmunk (N. quadrimaculatus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_chipmunk" title="Colorado chipmunk">Colorado chipmunk (N. quadrivittatus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_chipmunk" title="Red-tailed chipmunk">Red-tailed chipmunk (N. ruficaudus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_chipmunk" title="Hopi chipmunk">Hopi chipmunk (N. rufus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_chipmunk" title="Allen's chipmunk">Allen's chipmunk (N. senex)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_chipmunk" title="Siskiyou chipmunk">Siskiyou chipmunk (N. siskiyou)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_chipmunk" title="Sonoma chipmunk">Sonoma chipmunk (N. sonomae)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodgepole_chipmunk" title="Lodgepole chipmunk">Lodgepole chipmunk (N. speciosus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend%27s_chipmunk" title="Townsend's chipmunk">Townsend's chipmunk (N. townsendii)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uinta_chipmunk" title="Uinta chipmunk">Uinta chipmunk (N. umbrinus)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Notocitellus" title="Notocitellus">Notocitellus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_ground_squirrel" title="Tropical ground squirrel">Tropical ground squirrel (N. adocetus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_ground_squirrel" title="Ring-tailed ground squirrel">Ring-tailed ground squirrel (N. annulatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otospermophilus" title="Otospermophilus">Otospermophilus</a> (rock squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_rock_squirrel" title="Baja California rock squirrel">Baja California rock squirrel (O. atricapillus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_ground_squirrel" title="California ground squirrel">California ground squirrel (O. beecheyi)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_squirrel" title="Rock squirrel">Rock squirrel (O. variegatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poliocitellus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_ground_squirrel" title="Franklin's ground squirrel">Franklin's ground squirrel (P. franklinii)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sciurotamias" title="Sciurotamias">Sciurotamias</a> (Asian rock squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_David%27s_rock_squirrel" title="Père David's rock squirrel">Père David's rock squirrel (S. davidianus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest%27s_rock_squirrel" title="Forrest's rock squirrel">Forrest's rock squirrel (S. forresti)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spermophilus" title="Spermophilus">Spermophilus</a> sensu stricto (Old World ground squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alashan_ground_squirrel" title="Alashan ground squirrel">Alashan ground squirrel (S. alashanicus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandt%E2%80%99s_ground_squirrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandt’s ground squirrel">Brandt’s ground squirrel (S. brevicauda)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_ground_squirrel" title="European ground squirrel">European ground squirrel (S. citellus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daurian_ground_squirrel" title="Daurian ground squirrel">Daurian ground squirrel (S. dauricus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-cheeked_ground_squirrel" title="Red-cheeked ground squirrel">Red-cheeked ground squirrel (S. erythrogenys)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_ground_squirrel" title="Yellow ground squirrel">Yellow ground squirrel (S. fulvus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russet_ground_squirrel" title="Russet ground squirrel">Russet ground squirrel (S. major)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_mountain_ground_squirrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian mountain ground squirrel">Caucasian mountain ground squirrel (S. musicus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan_ground_squirrel" title="Tian Shan ground squirrel">Tian Shan ground squirrel (S. nilkaensis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallid_ground_squirrel" title="Pallid ground squirrel">Pallid ground squirrel (S. pallidicauda)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_ground_squirrel" title="Little ground squirrel">Little ground squirrel (S. pygmaeus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relict_ground_squirrel" title="Relict ground squirrel">Relict ground squirrel (S. relictus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speckled_ground_squirrel" title="Speckled ground squirrel">Speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_ground_squirrel" title="Taurus ground squirrel">Taurus ground squirrel (Spermophilus taurensis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor_ground_squirrel" title="Asia Minor ground squirrel">Asia Minor ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tamias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_chipmunk" title="Eastern chipmunk">Eastern chipmunk (T. striatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urocitellus" title="Urocitellus">Urocitellus</a> (Holarctic ground squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uinta_ground_squirrel" title="Uinta ground squirrel">Uinta ground squirrel (U. armatus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belding%27s_ground_squirrel" title="Belding's ground squirrel">Belding's ground squirrel (U. beldingi)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Idaho_ground_squirrel" title="Northern Idaho ground squirrel">Northern Idaho ground squirrel (U. brunneus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merriam%27s_ground_squirrel" title="Merriam's ground squirrel">Merriam's ground squirrel (U. canus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_ground_squirrel" title="Columbian ground squirrel">Columbian ground squirrel (U. columbianus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_ground_squirrel" title="Wyoming ground squirrel">Wyoming ground squirrel (U. elegans)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Idaho_ground_squirrel" title="Southern Idaho ground squirrel">Southern Idaho ground squirrel (U. endemicus)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piute_ground_squirrel" title="Piute ground squirrel">Piute ground squirrel (U. mollis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_ground_squirrel" title="Arctic ground squirrel">Arctic ground squirrel (U. parryii)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson%27s_ground_squirrel" title="Richardson's ground squirrel">Richardson's ground squirrel (U. richardsonii)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend%27s_ground_squirrel" title="Townsend's ground squirrel">Townsend's ground squirrel (U. townsendii)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_ground_squirrel" title="Long-tailed ground squirrel">Long-tailed ground squirrel (U. undulatus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_ground_squirrel" title="Washington ground squirrel">Washington ground squirrel (U. washingtoni)</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xerospermophilus" title="Xerospermophilus">Xerospermophilus</a> (pygmy ground squirrels)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_ground_squirrel" title="Mohave ground squirrel">Mohave ground squirrel (X. mohavensis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perote_ground_squirrel" title="Perote ground squirrel">Perote ground squirrel (X. perotensis)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_ground_squirrel" title="Spotted ground squirrel">Spotted ground squirrel (X. spilosoma)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-tailed_ground_squirrel" title="Round-tailed ground squirrel">Round-tailed ground squirrel (X. tereticaudus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Squirrels" title="Category:Squirrels">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Marmota monax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221612" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q221612">Q221612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Marmota_monax" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Marmota monax">Marmota monax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Marmota_monax/">Marmota_monax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=12325">12325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/327979">327979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MAROMO">MAROMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2437368">2437368</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/46095">46095</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10199289">10199289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180137">180137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/42458">42458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001734">1001734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=12400961">12400961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106510/">2.106510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/79954/">79954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=630994">630994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=47902">47902</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Mus monax</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19773196" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q19773196">Q19773196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9565913">9565913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/66661434-8194-48C4-849C-B1E5C545348F">66661434-8194-48C4-849C-B1E5C545348F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" 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