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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Domestication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skeleton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skeleton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Skeleton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skeleton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skull" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skull"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Skull</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skull-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Claws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Ambulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Balance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Coats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Senses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Vision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hearing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hearing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hearing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hearing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Smell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Taste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whiskers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whiskers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Whiskers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whiskers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sociability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sociability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sociability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grooming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grooming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Grooming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grooming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Fighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunting_and_feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting_and_feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Hunting and feeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting_and_feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifespan_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifespan_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lifespan and health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lifespan_and_health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lifespan and health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lifespan_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Habitats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Ferality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Impact on wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Interaction with humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interaction_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interaction with humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interaction_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Shows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Infection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>History and mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_and_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superstitions_and_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superstitions_and_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Superstitions and rituals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superstitions_and_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 270 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-270" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">270 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%AB" title="Mië – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mië" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat" title="Kat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskatze" title="Hauskatze – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hauskatze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="ድመት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss%C3%A1" title="Kissá – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kissá" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बिल्ली – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बिल्ली" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catte" title="Catte – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Catte" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%8B" title="Ацгәы – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ацгәы" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7" title="قط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%90" title="ܩܛܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܛܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կատուներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կատուներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2tu%C8%99i" title="Câtuși – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Câtuși" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="মেকুৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেকুৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoc" title="Minoc – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Minoc" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बिलार – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बिलार" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbarakaja" title="Mbarakaja – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbarakaja" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83" title="Кету – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кету" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phisi" title="Phisi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phisi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_pi%C5%9Fiyi" title="Ev pişiyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ev pişiyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="پیشیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیشیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ong" title="Méong – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Méong" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakuma" title="Jakuma – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Jakuma" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="বিড়াল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিড়াল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niau" title="Niau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Niau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" title="Бесәй – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бесәй" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Кот свойскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кот свойскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Кот – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बिलार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिलार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikos" title="Ikos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ikos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puscat" title="Puscat – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Puscat" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Котка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Котка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskotz" title="Hauskotz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hauskotz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞི་མི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞི་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dka" title="Mačka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mačka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazh" title="Kazh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Миисгэй – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Миисгэй" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat" title="Gat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Кушак – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кушак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iring" title="Iring – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iring" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dka_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Kočka domácí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kočka domácí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangoyi" title="Mangoyi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mangoyi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjattu" title="Ghjattu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghjattu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath" title="Cath – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cath" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%9B%C5%8Bkuno" title="Jɛŋkuno – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Jɛŋkuno" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat" title="Kat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4" title="مش – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buss%C3%A1" title="Bussá – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bussá" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskatze" title="Hauskatze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauskatze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3s%C3%AD" title="Mósí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Mósí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domacna_k%C3%B3cka" title="Domacna kócka – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Domacna kócka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2" title="བྱི་ལི – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱི་ལི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kass" title="Kass – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kass" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Γάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0t" title="Gàt – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Gàt" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катка – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Катка" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejma_kato" title="Hejma kato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hejma kato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katu" title="Katu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadi" title="Dadi – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dadi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87" title="گربه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گربه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusi" title="Pusi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pusi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettur" title="Kettur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kettur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat" title="Kat – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjat" title="Gjat – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjat" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayt" title="Kayt – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kayt" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato" title="Gato – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Циск – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Циск" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93" title="貓 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="貓" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7" title="پیچا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پیچا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌿𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%A9" title="Asé – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Asé" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meu-k%C3%BBng" title="Meu-kûng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Meu-kûng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мис – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Мис" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4" title="고양이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고양이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyanwa" title="Kyanwa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kyanwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dpoki" title="Pōpoki – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pōpoki" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կատուներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बिल्ली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिल्ली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domjaca_k%C3%B3%C4%8Dka" title="Domjaca kóčka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Domjaca kóčka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87a_ma%C4%8Dka" title="Domaća mačka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Domaća mačka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tete" title="Tete – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tete" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kato" title="Kato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pusa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catto_domestic" title="Catto domestic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Catto domestic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitiuraq" title="Kitiuraq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kitiuraq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%C3%A6%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гæды – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гæды" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikati" title="Ikati – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ikati" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ttur" title="Köttur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Köttur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חתול הבית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חתול הבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9ya%CA%8A" title="Pɩyaʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩyaʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81" title="ಬೆಕ್ಕು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆಕ್ಕು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pusa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="შინაური კატა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შინაური კატა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%88%D8%B1" title="برٛور – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="برٛور" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2t" title="Kòt – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòt" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Мысық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мысық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kath" title="Kath – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kath" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injangwe" title="Injangwe – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Injangwe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paka-kaya" title="Paka-kaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Paka-kaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Кань – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кань" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyawu" title="Nyawu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nyawu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaf_Karvol_(Felis_catus)" title="Kwaf Karvol (Felis catus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kwaf Karvol (Felis catus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pis%C3%AEk" title="Pisîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pisîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Мышык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мышык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iat_de_ciasa" title="Iat de ciasa – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iat de ciasa" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato" title="Gato – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gato" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83" title="Ччиту – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ччиту" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7" title="ແມວ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແມວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%8Ds" title="Kačs – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kačs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feles" title="Feles – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Feles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%B7is" title="Kaķis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaķis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskaz" title="Hauskaz – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hauskaz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Кац – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кац" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C4%97" title="Katė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Katė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao" title="Mao – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Mao" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoeskat" title="Hoeskat – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hoeskat" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nk%C9%94%CC%81nd%C9%94k%C9%94%CC%81" title="Nkɔ́ndɔkɔ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nkɔ́ndɔkɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato" title="Gato – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BEi" title="Kaži – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kaži" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mlatu" title="mlatu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mlatu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macska" title="Macska – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Macska" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koc%C3%A8ng" title="Kocèng – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kocèng" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мачка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мачка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka" title="Saka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="പൂച്ച – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൂച്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattus" title="Qattus – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Qattus" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeru" title="Ngeru – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ngeru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="मांजर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मांजर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87" title="قطه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قطه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بامشی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بامشی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuciang" title="Kuciang – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kuciang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0" title="Mà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato" title="Gato – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gato" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ката – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ката" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Муур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Муур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA)" title="ကြောင် (တိရစ္ဆာန်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြောင် (တိရစ္ဆာန်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusi" title="Pusi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Pusi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat_(dier)" title="Kat (dier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kat (dier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat" title="Kat – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kat" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="बिरालो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिरालो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C" title="भौ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भौ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B3" title="ネコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatta" title="Jatta – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Jatta" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Цициг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цициг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaat" title="Kaat – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamkatt" title="Tamkatt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tamkatt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt" title="Katt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Katt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Пырыс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пырыс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%87" title="ବିଲେଇ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଲେଇ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adurree" title="Adurree – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Adurree" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushuk" title="Mushuk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mushuk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਿੱਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿੱਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posi" title="Posi – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Posi" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88" title="پيشو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيشو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pus" title="Pus – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pus" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Кань – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кань" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6" title="ឆ្មា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆ្មា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot" title="Cot – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cot" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat" title="Gat – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gat" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt" title="Katt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Katt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot_domowy" title="Kot domowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kot domowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato" title="Gato – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1q" title="Mışıq – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mışıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisic%C4%83_de_cas%C4%83" title="Pisică de casă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pisică de casă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magodja" title="Magodja – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Magodja" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giat" title="Giat – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Giat" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misi" title="Misi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Misi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мачка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мачка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кошка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кошка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Куоска – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куоска" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/nani%27" title="nani' – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="nani'" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gose" title="Gose – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Gose" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="मार्जालः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मार्जालः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱩᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱩᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ٻلی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ٻلی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis" title="Felis – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Felis" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat" title="Kat – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kat" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katse" title="Katse – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Katse" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katse" title="Katse – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Katse" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macja" title="Macja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Macja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F" title="බළලා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බළලා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" title="Cat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ٻلي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻلي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likati" title="Likati – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Likati" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dka_dom%C3%A1ca" title="Mačka domáca – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mačka domáca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%8Da_ma%C4%8Dka" title="Domača mačka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Domača mačka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8A" title="Котъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Котъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot" title="Kot – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kot" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaanyuur" title="Yaanyuur – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yaanyuur" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95" title="پشیلە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پشیلە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puspusi" title="Puspusi – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Puspusi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мачка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dka" title="Mačka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mačka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucing" title="Ucing – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ucing" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissa" title="Kissa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kissa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt" title="Katt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pusa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="பூனை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பூனை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuc" title="Amuc – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amuc" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amcic" title="Amcic – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amcic" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Мәче – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәче" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မႅဝ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မႅဝ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/ngyaw" title="ngyaw – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="ngyaw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF" title="పిల్లి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పిల్లి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7" title="แมว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Гурба – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гурба" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusi" title="Pusi – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pusi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AA%E1%8F%8C" title="ᏪᏌ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏪᏌ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86" title="ಪುಚ್ಚೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪುಚ್ಚೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedi" title="Kedi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fik" title="Pişik – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pişik" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1kwi" title="A̱kwi – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱kwi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Диис – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Диис" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D3%B5%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Коӵыш – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Коӵыш" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97" title="ᨌᨚᨀᨗ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨌᨚᨀᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кіт свійський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіт свійський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بلی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%88%D8%B4%DB%88%D9%83" title="مۈشۈك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مۈشۈك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuz" title="Meuz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Meuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus" title="Felis silvestris catus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Felis silvestris catus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BEi" title="Kaži – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kaži" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8o" title="Mèo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mèo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat" title="Kat – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kass" title="Kass – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kass" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchet" title="Tchet – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusa" title="Muusa – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Muusa" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93" title="貓 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="貓" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katte" title="Katte – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Katte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misay" title="Misay – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Misay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muus" title="Muus – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Muus" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93" title="貓 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="貓" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A5" title="קאץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%B3gb%C3%B2" title="Ológbò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ológbò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93" title="貓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="貓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%B1s%C4%B1ng" title="Pısıng – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pısıng" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie" title="Katie – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Katie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%AB" title="猫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="猫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huting" title="Huting – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Huting" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingau" title="Tingau – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tingau" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%A9" title="Asé – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Asé" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayau" title="Mayau – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mayau" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing" title="Kucing – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kucing" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kus mw-list-item"><a href="https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amus" title="Amus – Kusaal" lang="kus" hreflang="kus" data-title="Amus" data-language-autonym="Kʋsaal" data-language-local-name="Kusaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kʋsaal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B4" title="ᥛᥦᥝᥴ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥦᥝᥴ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyty" title="Kyty – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kyty" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9B" title="ⴰⵎⵛⵉⵛ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵛⵉⵛ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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For the cat family, see <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cat (disambiguation)">Cat (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cats_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cats (disambiguation)">Cats (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Cat<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: 9,500 years ago – present</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_August_2010-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg/181px-Cat_August_2010-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg/272px-Cat_August_2010-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg/362px-Cat_August_2010-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="2226" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustav_chocolate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gustav_chocolate.jpg/78px-Gustav_chocolate.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gustav_chocolate.jpg/117px-Gustav_chocolate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gustav_chocolate.jpg/156px-Gustav_chocolate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1427" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg/112px-Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg/168px-Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg/224px-Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siam_lilacpoint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Siam_lilacpoint.jpg/147px-Siam_lilacpoint.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Siam_lilacpoint.jpg/221px-Siam_lilacpoint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Siam_lilacpoint.jpg/294px-Siam_lilacpoint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:181px;max-width:181px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg/179px-Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg/269px-Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg/358px-Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:82px;max-width:82px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheba1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sheba1.JPG/80px-Sheba1.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sheba1.JPG/120px-Sheba1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sheba1.JPG/160px-Sheba1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="1329" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div>Various types of cats</div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center">Domesticated <small></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Felis" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis"><i>Felis</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>F. catus<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Felis catus<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Catus domesticus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben" title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben">Erxleben</a>, 1777</span><sup id="cite_ref-Erxleben_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erxleben-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>F. angorensis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Gmelin" title="Karl Christian Gmelin">Gmelin</a>, 1788</span></li> <li><i>F. vulgaris</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Fischer, 1829</span></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>cat</b> (<i><b>Felis catus</b></i>), also referred to as <b>domestic cat</b> or <b>house cat</b>, is a small <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>. Advances in <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> have shown that the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat" title="Domestication of the cat">domestication of the cat</a> occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> around 7500 <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a>. It is commonly kept as a <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">farm cat</a>, but also ranges freely as a <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cat</a> avoiding human contact. Valued by humans for companionship and its ability to kill <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a>, the cat's retractable <a href="/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">claws</a> are adapted to killing <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">small prey</a> like <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice">mice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a>. It has a strong, flexible body, quick <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflexes</a>, and sharp teeth, and its <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sense_of_smell" title="Sense of smell">sense of smell</a> are well developed. It is a <a href="/wiki/Social_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Social species">social species</a>, but a solitary hunter and a <a href="/wiki/Crepuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predator</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Cat communication</a> includes vocalizations—including <a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">meowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, trilling, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hiss" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hiss">hissing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grunt" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:grunt">grunting</a>—as well as <a href="/wiki/Cat_body_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat body language">body language</a>. It can hear sounds too faint or too high in <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">human ears</a>, such as those made by <a href="/wiki/Small_mammal" title="Small mammal">small mammals</a>. It secretes and perceives <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a>. </p><p>Female domestic cats can have <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kittens</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a> to late <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Temperate_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate zones">temperate zones</a> and throughout the year in <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial region">equatorial regions</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Litter_(zoology)" title="Litter (zoology)">litter</a> sizes often ranging from two to five kittens. Domestic cats are bred and shown at events as registered <a href="/wiki/Pedigreed_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedigreed cat">pedigreed cats</a>, a hobby known as <a href="/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy">cat fancy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Animal_population_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal population control">Animal population control</a> of cats may be achieved by <a href="/wiki/Spaying" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaying">spaying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutering</a>, but their proliferation and the abandonment of pets has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to the extinction of <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptile</a> species. </p><p>As of 2017,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats as of 2020.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> As of 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_naming">Etymology and naming</h2></div> <p>The origin of the English word <i>cat</i>, <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">catt</i></span>, is thought to be the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cattus</i></span>, which was first used at the beginning of the 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Late Latin word may be derived from an unidentified <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages">Nubian</a> word <span title="Nubian languages collective text"><i lang="nub">kaddîska</i></span> 'wildcat' and <a href="/wiki/Nobiin_language" title="Nobiin language">Nobiin</a> <span title="Nubian languages collective text"><i lang="nub">kadīs</i></span> are possible sources or cognates.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The forms might also have derived from an ancient Germanic word that was absorbed into Latin and then into Greek, Syriac, and Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word may be derived from Germanic and Northern European languages, and ultimately be borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a>, <abbr title="compare">cf.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a> <span title="Northern Sami-language text"><i lang="se">gáđfi</i></span>, 'female <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a>', and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">hölgy</i></span>, 'lady, female stoat'; from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_language" title="Proto-Uralic language">Proto-Uralic</a> <span title="uncoded-language text">*<i lang="mis">käďwä</i></span>, 'female (of a furred animal)'.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puss#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:puss">puss</a></i>, extended as <i>pussy</i> and <i>pussycat</i>, is attested from the 16th century and may have been introduced from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">poes</i></span> or from <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> <span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">puuskatte</i></span>, related to <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">kattepus</i></span>, or <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">pus</i></span>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">pusekatt</i></span>. Similar forms exist in <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> <span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">puižė</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">puisín</i></span> or <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">puiscín</i></span>. The etymology of this word is unknown, but it may have <a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">arisen from a sound</a> used to attract a cat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gramercy_Unabridged_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gramercy_Unabridged-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A male cat is called a <i>tom</i> or <i>tomcat</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or a <i>gib</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a>). A female is called a <i>queen</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or sometimes a <i>molly</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if <a href="/wiki/Spaying" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaying">spayed</a>). A juvenile cat is referred to as a <i><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kitten</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a>, the word <i>kitten</i> was interchangeable with the now-obsolete word <i>catling</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of cats can be referred to as a <i>clowder</i>, a <i>glaring</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a <i>colony</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific name</a> <i>Felis catus</i> was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in 1758 for a domestic cat.<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Felis catus domesticus</i> was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben" title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben">Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben</a> in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-Erxleben_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erxleben-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Felis daemon</i> proposed by <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Satunin" title="Konstantin Satunin">Konstantin Satunin</a> in 1904 was a black cat from the <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasus">Transcaucasus</a>, later identified as a domestic cat.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> ruled that the domestic cat is a distinct species, namely <i>Felis catus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICZN_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICZN-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the modern domesticated subspecies <i>F. silvestris catus</i> sampled worldwide was considered to have likely descended from the <a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat</a> (<i>F. lybica</i>), following results of <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> research.<sup id="cite_ref-Driscoll_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3fs_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the IUCN Cat Classification Taskforce followed the recommendation of the ICZN in regarding the domestic cat as a distinct species, <i>Felis catus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Felidae#Evolution" title="Felidae">Cat evolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png/220px-Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png/330px-Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png/440px-Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Skulls of a wildcat (top left), a housecat (top right), and a hybrid between the two (bottom center)</figcaption></figure> <p>The domestic cat is a member of the Felidae, a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> that had a <a href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a> about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=10–15">10 to 15</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1997_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_1997-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_radiation" title="Evolutionary radiation">evolutionary radiation</a> of the Felidae began in Asia during the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=8.38–14.45">8.38 to 14.45</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis of <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a> of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=6.46–16.76">6.46 to 16.76</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_al2016_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_al2016-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Genus_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus (biology)">genus</a> <i>Felis</i> <a href="/wiki/Genetic_divergence" title="Genetic divergence">genetically diverged</a> from other Felidae around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=6–7">6 to 7</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Results of <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> research shows that the wild members of this genus evolved through <a href="/wiki/Sympatric_speciation" title="Sympatric speciation">sympatric</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parapatric_speciation" title="Parapatric speciation">parapatric speciation</a>, whereas the domestic cat evolved through <a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial selection">artificial selection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mattern_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattern-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The domestic cat and its closest wild ancestor are <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> and both possess 38 <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nie_2002_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nie_2002-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and roughly 20,000 genes.<sup id="cite_ref-Pontius2007_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontius2007-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216315873">.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery{display:table;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery>div{line-height:1.5em;padding:0.2em 0.4em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-caption{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-footer{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-content{display:table}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element{float:left!important;border:1px none;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;margin:1px;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.gallery-element{float:left;border:1px none;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;margin:1px;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery .no-border{border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element.vertical{float:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element caption.caption{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element th.header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element td.cladogram{padding:10px;margin:-1px 0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element td.footer{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.header.shading{background-color:#eaecf0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.cladogram.shading{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.footer.shading{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><div class="clade-gallery"><div class="main-caption">Phylogenetic relationships of the domestic cat as derived through analysis of</div><div class="main-content no-border"><table class="gallery-element" style="height:325px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>nuclear DNA:<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Li_al2016_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_al2016-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:325px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>other Felinae <a href="/wiki/Lineage_(genetic)" title="Lineage (genetic)">lineages</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat</a> (<i>F. chaus</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(White_Background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg/79px-Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg/119px-Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg/158px-Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat</a> (<i>F. nigripes</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat</a> (<i>F. margarita</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat</a> (<i>F. bieti</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat</a> (<i>F. lybica</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat</a> (<i>F. silvestris</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_(1845)_Pl-I_(white_background_%26_colourised).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/52px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="52" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/78px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/104px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="656" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Domestic cat</b> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:202104_Cat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/60px-202104_Cat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/90px-202104_Cat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/120px-202104_Cat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="height:325px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>mitochondrial DNA:<sup id="cite_ref-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:325px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat</a> (<i>F. margarita</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat</a> (<i>F. bieti</i>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat</a> (<i>F. silvestris</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_(1845)_Pl-I_(white_background_%26_colourised).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/52px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="52" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/78px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/104px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="656" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat</a>  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_wildcat" title="Southern African wildcat">Southern African wildcat</a> <i>(F. l. cafra)</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_wildcat" title="Asiatic wildcat">Asiatic wildcat</a> <i>(F. l. ornata)</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Near Eastern wildcat </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Domestic cat</b> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:202104_Cat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/60px-202104_Cat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/90px-202104_Cat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/120px-202104_Cat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestication">Domestication</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat" title="Domestication of the cat">Domestication of the cat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nakht_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>A cat eating a fish under a chair, a <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a> in an Egyptian tomb dating to the 15th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>It was long thought that the <a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat" title="Domestication of the cat">domestication of the cat</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, where cats were venerated from around 3100 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the earliest known indication for the <a href="/wiki/Taming" class="mw-redirect" title="Taming">taming</a> of an African wildcat was <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavated</a> close by a human <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> grave in <a href="/wiki/Shillourokambos" title="Shillourokambos">Shillourokambos</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, dating to about 7500–7200 BC. Since there is no evidence of native mammalian <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> on Cyprus, the inhabitants of this Neolithic village most likely brought the cat and other wild mammals to the island from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigne_al2004_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigne_al2004-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists therefore assume that African wildcats were attracted to early human settlements in the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> by rodents, in particular the <a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse">house mouse</a> (<i>Mus musculus</i>), and were tamed by Neolithic farmers. This <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">mutual</a> relationship between early farmers and tamed cats lasted thousands of years. As <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural practices">agricultural practices</a> spread, so did tame and domesticated cats.<sup id="cite_ref-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Driscoll_al2009_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driscoll_al2009-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wildcats of Egypt contributed to the maternal <a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">gene pool</a> of the domestic cat at a later time.<sup id="cite_ref-OttoniVan_Neer2017_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OttoniVan_Neer2017-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known evidence for the occurrence of the domestic cat in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> dates to around 1200 BC. Greek, <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carthaginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginia">Carthaginian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etrusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Etrusca">Etruscan</a> traders introduced domestic cats to southern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Faure2009_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faure2009-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 5th century BC, they were familiar animals around settlements in <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, they were introduced to <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> before the beginning of the 1st century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigne1992_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigne1992-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Egyptian domestic cat lineage had arrived in a <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> port in northern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OttoniVan_Neer2017_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OttoniVan_Neer2017-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">leopard cat</a> (<i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i>) was <a href="/wiki/Tamed" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamed">tamed</a> independently in China around 5500 BC. This line of partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domestic cat populations of today.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During domestication, cats have undergone only minor changes in anatomy and behavior, and they are still capable of surviving in the wild. Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have <a href="/wiki/Preadaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Preadaptation">pre-adapted</a> them for domestication as pets. These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play, and high intelligence. Since they practice rigorous grooming habits and have an instinctual drive to bury and hide their urine and feces, they are generally much less messy than other domesticated animals. Captive <i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i> cats may also display affectionate behavior toward humans but were not domesticated.<sup id="cite_ref-CameronBeaumont_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CameronBeaumont-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> House cats often mate with feral cats.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw1999_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Felid_hybrid#Domestic_cat_and_hybridization" class="mw-redirect" title="Felid hybrid">Hybridization between domestic and other Felinae species</a> is also possible, producing hybrids such as the <a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas cat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development of <a href="/wiki/Cat_breeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat breeds">cat breeds</a> started in the mid 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An analysis of the domestic cat <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> revealed that the ancestral wildcat genome was significantly altered in the process of domestication, as specific <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutations</a> were selected to develop cat breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most breeds are founded on random-bred domestic cats. <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">Genetic diversity</a> of these breeds varies between regions, and is lowest in purebred populations, which show more than 20 deleterious <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipinski_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipinski-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Cat anatomy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size">Size</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/300px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/450px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/600px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the general <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> of a male domestic cat</figcaption></figure> <p>The domestic cat has a smaller <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> and shorter bones than the <a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OConnor_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OConnor-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It averages about 46 cm (18 in) in head-to-body length and 23–25 cm (9.1–9.8 in) in height, with about 30 cm (12 in) long tails. Males are larger than females.<sup id="cite_ref-WCoW_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCoW-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult domestic cats typically weigh 4–5 kg (8.8–11.0 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Mattern_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattern-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skeleton">Skeleton</h3></div> <p>Cats have seven <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical vertebrae</a> (as do most <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>); 13 <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae" title="Thoracic vertebrae">thoracic vertebrae</a> (humans have 12); seven <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae">lumbar vertebrae</a> (humans have five); three <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacral vertebrae</a> (as do most mammals, but humans have five); and a variable number of <a href="/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae" title="Caudal vertebrae">caudal vertebrae</a> in the tail (humans have only three to five vestigial caudal vertebrae, fused into an internal <a href="/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's spinal mobility and flexibility. Attached to the spine are 13 ribs, the shoulder, and the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> Unlike human arms, cat forelimbs are attached to the shoulder by free-floating <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a> bones which allow them to pass their body through any space into which they can fit their head.<sup id="cite_ref-Gillis_2002_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillis_2002-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skull">Skull</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/220px-Cat_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/330px-Cat_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/440px-Cat_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Cat skull</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg/220px-Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg/330px-Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg/440px-Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A cat with exposed teeth and claws</figcaption></figure> <p>The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large <a href="/wiki/Eye_socket" class="mw-redirect" title="Eye socket">eye sockets</a> and a powerful specialized jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Case_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35">: 35 </span></sup> Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing prey and tearing meat. When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its two long <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canine teeth</a>, inserting them between two of the prey's <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebrae</a> and severing its <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>, causing irreversible <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a> and death.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1992_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1992-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to other felines, domestic cats have narrowly spaced canine teeth relative to the size of their jaw, which is an adaptation to their preferred prey of small rodents, which have small vertebrae.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1992_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1992-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Premolar" title="Premolar">premolar</a> and first <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molar</a> together compose the <a href="/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassial</a> pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently shears meat into small pieces, like a pair of scissors. These are vital in feeding, since cats' small <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a> cannot chew food effectively, and cats are largely incapable of mastication.<sup id="cite_ref-Case_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup> Cats tend to have better teeth than most humans, with decay generally less likely because of a thicker protective layer of <a href="/wiki/Tooth_enamel" title="Tooth enamel">enamel</a>, a less damaging saliva, less retention of food particles between teeth, and a diet mostly devoid of sugar. Nonetheless, they are subject to occasional tooth loss and infection.<sup id="cite_ref-Carr1978_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carr1978-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claws">Claws</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff/lossless-page1-220px-Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff/lossless-page1-330px-Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff/lossless-page1-440px-Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff.png 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1175" /></a><figcaption>Shed claw sheaths</figcaption></figure> <p>Cats have protractible and retractable claws.<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchener2010_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchener2010-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their normal, relaxed position, the claws are sheathed with the skin and fur around the paw's toe pads. This keeps the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the ground and allows for the silent stalking of prey. The claws on the forefeet are typically sharper than those on the hindfeet.<sup id="cite_ref-Armes_1900_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armes_1900-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, <a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)">kneading</a>, or for extra traction on soft surfaces. Cats shed the outside layer of their claw sheaths when scratching rough surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19422432_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19422432-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most cats have five claws on their front paws and four on their rear paws. The <a href="/wiki/Dewclaw" title="Dewclaw">dewclaw</a> is <a href="/wiki/Proximal" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal">proximal</a> to the other claws. More proximally is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the front paws on the inside of the wrists has no function in normal walking but is thought to be an antiskidding device used while jumping. Some cat breeds are prone to having extra digits ("<a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">polydactyly</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-Danforth1947_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danforth1947-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polydactylous cats occur along North America's northeast coast and in Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Lettice_2008_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lettice_2008-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambulation">Ambulation</h3></div> <p>The cat is <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">digitigrade</a>. It walks on the toes, with the bones of the feet making up the lower part of the visible leg.<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock1917_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1917-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike most mammals, it uses a "pacing" <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a> and moves both legs on one side of the body before the legs on the other side. It registers directly by placing each hind paw close to the track of the corresponding fore paw, minimizing noise and visible tracks. This also provides sure footing for hind paws when navigating rough terrain. As it speeds up from walking to trotting, its gait changes to a "diagonal" gait: The diagonally opposite hind and fore legs move simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-Christensen_2004_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_2004-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balance">Balance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/220px-seek%3D240-BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="817" data-mwtitle="BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv#t=00:03:38,00:04:11" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov#t=00:03:38,00:04:11" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.360p.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Comparison of cat righting reflexes in <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a> and zero gravity</figcaption></figure> <p>Cats are generally fond of sitting in high places or <i>perching</i>. A higher place may serve as a concealed site from which to hunt; domestic cats strike prey by pouncing from a perch such as a tree branch. Another possible explanation is that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its territory. A cat falling from heights of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) can right itself and land on its paws.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_et_al._2010_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent_et_al._2010-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a fall from a high place, a cat reflexively twists its body and rights itself to land on its feet using its acute sense of balance and flexibility. This reflex is known as the <a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">cat righting reflex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cat always rights itself in the same way during a fall, if it has enough time to do so, which is the case in falls of 90 cm (3.0 ft) or more.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen_1998_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen_1998-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How cats are able to right themselves when falling has been investigated as the "<a href="/wiki/Falling_cat_problem" title="Falling cat problem">falling cat problem</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coats">Coats</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Cat coat genetics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nursing_Cat_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nursing_Cat_01.jpg/220px-Nursing_Cat_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nursing_Cat_01.jpg/330px-Nursing_Cat_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nursing_Cat_01.jpg/440px-Nursing_Cat_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Mother cat with her different-colored offspring</figcaption></figure> <p>The cat family (Felidae) can pass down many colors and patterns to their offspring. The domestic cat genes <i>MC1R</i> and <i>ASIP</i> allow color variety in their coats. The feline <i>ASIP</i> gene consists of three coding exons.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three novel <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite" title="Microsatellite">microsatellite</a> markers linked to <i>ASIP</i> were isolated from a domestic cat BAC clone containing this gene to perform <a href="/wiki/Linkage_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Linkage analysis">linkage analysis</a> on 89 domestic cats segregated for <a href="/wiki/Melanism" title="Melanism">melanism</a>. The domestic cat family demonstrated a cosegregation between the <i>ASIP</i> allele and coat black coloration.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senses">Senses</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Cat senses</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vision">Vision</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TapetumLucidum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/220px-TapetumLucidum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/330px-TapetumLucidum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/440px-TapetumLucidum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2127" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>Reflection of camera flash from the <i><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum">tapetum lucidum</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A tabby cat with a third, translucent eyelid covering part of either eye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg/220px-Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg/330px-Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg/440px-Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A cat's nictitating membrane shown as it blinks</figcaption></figure> <p>Cats have excellent <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> and can see at one sixth the light level required for human vision.<sup id="cite_ref-Case_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> This is partly the result of cat eyes having a <i><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum">tapetum lucidum</a></i>, which reflects any light that passes through the <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic cat has <a href="/wiki/Pupil#In_other_animals" title="Pupil">slit pupils</a>, which allow it to focus bright light without <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">chromatic aberration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The domestic cat has rather poor <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">color vision</a> and only two types of <a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">cone cells</a>, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the <a href="/wiki/Rod_cell" title="Rod cell">rod cells</a> might be due to a third type of cone. This appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromatic</a> vision.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats also have a <a href="/wiki/Nictitating_membrane" title="Nictitating membrane">nictitating membrane</a>, allowing them to blink without hindering their vision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hearing">Hearing</h3></div> <p>The domestic cat's hearing is most acute in the range of 500 Hz to 32 kHz.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies ranging from 55 Hz to 79 kHz, whereas humans can only detect frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. It can hear a range of 10.5 <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a>, while humans and dogs can hear ranges of about 9 octaves.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its hearing sensitivity is enhanced by its large movable outer ears, the <a href="/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinna (anatomy)">pinnae</a>, which amplify sounds and help detect the location of a noise. It can detect <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, which enables it to detect ultrasonic calls made by <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodent</a> prey.<sup id="cite_ref-Sunquist_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunquist-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research has shown that cats have socio-spatial cognitive abilities to create mental maps of owners' locations based on hearing owners' voices.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smell">Smell</h3></div> <p>Cats have an acute sense of smell, due in part to their well-developed <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a> and a large surface of <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_mucosa" title="Olfactory mucosa">olfactory mucosa</a>, about 5.8 cm<sup>2</sup> (0.90 in<sup>2</sup>) in area, which is about twice that of humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Moulton_1967_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moulton_1967-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats and many other animals have a <a href="/wiki/Jacobson%27s_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobson's organ">Jacobson's organ</a> in their mouths that is used in the behavioral process of <a href="/wiki/Flehmen_response" title="Flehmen response">flehmening</a>. It allows them to sense certain aromas in a way that humans cannot. Cats are sensitive to <a href="/wiki/Cat_pheromone" title="Cat pheromone">pheromones</a> such as <a href="/wiki/3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol" class="mw-redirect" title="3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol">3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-felinine_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-felinine-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which they use to communicate through <a href="/wiki/Urine_spraying" class="mw-redirect" title="Urine spraying">urine spraying</a> and marking with <a href="/wiki/Scent_gland" title="Scent gland">scent glands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommerville_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many cats also respond strongly to plants that contain <a href="/wiki/Nepetalactone" title="Nepetalactone">nepetalactone</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">catnip</a>, as they can detect that substance at less than one part per billion.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 70–80% of cats are affected by nepetalactone.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This response is also produced by other plants, such as silver vine (<i><a href="/wiki/Actinidia_polygama" title="Actinidia polygama">Actinidia polygama</a></i>) and the herb <a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a>; it may be caused by the smell of these plants mimicking a pheromone and stimulating cats' social or sexual behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taste">Taste</h3></div> <p>Cats have relatively few <a href="/wiki/Taste_bud" title="Taste bud">taste buds</a> compared to humans (470 or so, compared to more than 9,000 on the human tongue).<sup id="cite_ref-sch_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic and wild cats share a <a href="/wiki/Taste_receptor#Loss_of_function" title="Taste receptor">taste receptor gene mutation</a> that keeps their sweet taste buds from binding to sugary molecules, leaving them with no ability to taste <a href="/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">sweetness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They, however, possess taste bud receptors specialized for <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> like protein, and bitter tastes.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw2006_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw2006-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their taste buds possess the receptors needed to detect <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a>. However, these receptors contain molecular changes that make cat taste umami different from that of humans. In humans, they detect the <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">glutamic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">aspartic acid</a>, but in cats, they instead detect <a href="/wiki/Inosine_monophosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosine monophosphate">inosine monophosphate</a> and <a href="/wiki/L-Histidine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Histidine">l-Histidine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These molecules are particularly enriched in <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, it has been argued, is why cats find tuna so <a href="/wiki/Palatability" title="Palatability">palatable</a>: as put by researchers into cat taste, "the specific combination of the high IMP and free l-Histidine contents of tuna, which produces a strong umami taste synergy that is highly preferred by cats".<sup id="cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the researchers in this research has stated, "I think umami is as important for cats as sweet is for humans".<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Tuna_Cat_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Tuna_Cat-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats also have a distinct temperature preference for their food, preferring food with a temperature around 38 °C (100 °F) which is similar to that of a fresh kill; some cats reject cold food (which would signal to the cat that the "prey" item is long dead and therefore possibly toxic or decomposing).<sup id="cite_ref-sch_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whiskers">Whiskers</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kittyply_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/220px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/330px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/440px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The whiskers of a cat are highly sensitive to touch.</figcaption></figure> <p>To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable <a href="/wiki/Vibrissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrissa">whiskers (vibrissae)</a> over their body, especially their faces. These provide information on the width of gaps and on the location of objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective <a href="/wiki/Blink_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Blink reflex">blink reflexes</a> to protect the eyes from damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Case_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47">: 47 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Cat behavior</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg/220px-Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg/330px-Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg/440px-Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="4253" /></a><figcaption>An alert cat at night, with pupils dilated and ears directed at a sound.</figcaption></figure> <p>Outdoor cats are active both day and night, although they tend to be slightly more active at night.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic cats spend the majority of their time in the vicinity of their homes but can range many hundreds of meters from this central point. They establish <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a> that vary considerably in size, in one study ranging 7–28 ha (17–69 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The timing of cats' activity is quite flexible and varied but being low-light predators, they are generally <a href="/wiki/Crepuscular_animal" title="Crepuscular animal">crepuscular</a>, which means they tend to be more active near dawn and dusk. However, house cats' behavior is also influenced by human activity and they may adapt to their owners' sleeping patterns to some extent.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13 and 14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours. The term "cat nap" for a short rest refers to the cat's tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period. While asleep, cats experience short periods of <a href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep" title="Rapid eye movement sleep">rapid eye movement sleep</a> often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are dreaming.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A common misconception is that a cat's behavioral and personality traits correspond to its coat color. These traits instead depend on a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sociability">Sociability</h3></div> <p>The social behavior of the domestic cat ranges from widely dispersed individuals to <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral cat colony">feral cat colonies</a> that gather around a food source, based on groups of co-operating females.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liberg_al2014_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberg_al2014-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within such groups, one cat is usually dominant over the others.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each cat in a colony holds a distinct territory, with sexually active males having the largest territories, which are about 10 times larger than those of female cats and may overlap with several females' territories. These territories are marked by <a href="/wiki/Urine_spraying" class="mw-redirect" title="Urine spraying">urine spraying</a>, rubbing objects at head height with secretions from facial glands, and by <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommerville_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch and greet one another without territorial conflicts. Outside these neutral areas, territory holders usually chase away stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>, and, if that does not work, by short and violent, noisy attacks. Though cats do not have a social survival strategy or <a href="/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior">herd behavior</a>, they always hunt alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Life in proximity to humans and other domestic animals has led to a symbiotic social adaptation in cats, and cats may express great affection toward humans or other animals. <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethologically</a>, a cat's human keeper functions as a mother surrogate.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult cats live their lives in a kind of extended kittenhood, a form of behavioral <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neoteny</a>. Their high-pitched sounds may mimic the cries of a hungry human infant, making them particularly difficult for humans to ignore.<sup id="cite_ref-McComb_2009_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McComb_2009-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pet cats are poorly socialized. In particular, older cats show aggressiveness toward newly arrived kittens, which include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is known as feline asocial aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-Levine_2005_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine_2005-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Redirected_aggression" class="mw-redirect" title="Redirected aggression">Redirected aggression</a> is a common form of aggression which can occur in multiple cat households. In redirected aggression, there is usually something that agitates the cat: this could be a sight, sound, or another source of stimuli which causes a heightened level of anxiety or arousal. If the cat cannot attack the stimuli, it may direct anger elsewhere by attacking or directing aggression to the nearest cat, pet, human or other being.<sup id="cite_ref-Horwitz_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horwitz-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Behaviorist_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behaviorist-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domestic cats' <a href="/wiki/Scent_rubbing" title="Scent rubbing">scent rubbing</a> behavior toward humans or other cats is thought to be a feline means of social bonding.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Cat communication</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="background:#f9f9f9;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg/220px-Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg/330px-Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg/440px-Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Vocalizing domestic cat</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-plain listen-noimage listen-center" style="border:none;background:none;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Meow_domestic_cat.ogg" title="File:Meow domestic cat.ogg">A meow</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Meow_domestic_cat.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Meow_domestic_cat.ogg/Meow_domestic_cat.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Meow_domestic_cat.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMeow_domestic_cat.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Domestic cats use many <a href="/wiki/Animal_communication" title="Animal communication">vocalizations</a> for communication, including <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trilling</a>, hissing, growling/snarling, grunting, and several different forms of meowing.<sup id="cite_ref-Moelk1944_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moelk1944-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their <a href="/wiki/Cat_body_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat body language">body language</a>, including position of ears and tail, relaxation of the whole body, and kneading of the paws, are all indicators of mood. The tail and ears are particularly important social signal mechanisms; a raised tail indicates a friendly greeting, and flattened ears indicate hostility. Tail-raising also indicates the cat's position in the group's <a href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social hierarchy">social hierarchy</a>, with dominant individuals raising their tails less often than subordinate ones.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feral cats are generally silent.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 208">: 208 </span></sup> Nose-to-nose touching is also a common greeting and may be followed by <a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">social grooming</a>, which is solicited by one of the cats raising and tilting its head.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Purring" class="mw-redirect" title="Purring">Purring</a> may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signaling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">nursing</a> kittens, who are thought to use it as a care-soliciting signal.<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2012-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-nursing cats also often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed,<sup id="cite_ref-BruelKjaer_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BruelKjaer-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IsnareCom_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IsnareCom-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or eating. Even though purring is popularly interpreted as indicative of pleasure, it has been recorded in a wide variety of circumstances, most of which involve physical contact between the cat and another, presumably trusted individual.<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2012-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cats have been observed to purr continuously when chronically ill or in apparent pain.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact mechanism by which cats purr has long been elusive, but it has been proposed that purring is generated via a series of sudden build-ups and releases of pressure as the <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a> is opened and closed, which causes the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal folds</a> to separate forcefully. The <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">laryngeal muscles</a> in control of the glottis are thought to be driven by a <a href="/wiki/Neural_oscillation" title="Neural oscillation">neural oscillator</a> which generates a cycle of contraction and release every 30–40 <a href="/wiki/Millisecond" title="Millisecond">milliseconds</a> (giving a frequency of 33 to 25 Hz).<sup id="cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2012-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domestic cats observed in rescue facilities have 276 morphologically distinct <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">facial expressions</a> based on 26 facial movements; each facial expression corresponds to different social functions that are likely influenced by domestication.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facial expressions have helped researchers detect pain in cats. The feline <a href="/wiki/Grimace_scale" title="Grimace scale">grimace scale</a>'s five criteria—ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whisker change, and head position—indicated the presence of acute pain in cats.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grooming">Grooming</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/220px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/330px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/440px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Cat tongue</figcaption></figure> <p>Cats are known for spending considerable amounts of time licking their coats to keep them clean.<sup id="cite_ref-hairballs_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairballs-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cat's tongue has backward-facing spines about 0.5 millimeter long, called <a href="/wiki/Lingual_papilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingual papilla">lingual papillae</a>, which contain <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> making them rigid.<sup id="cite_ref-Boshel_1982_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boshel_1982-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The papillae act like a hairbrush, and some cats, particularly <a href="/wiki/Domestic_long-haired_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic long-haired cat">long-haired cats</a>, occasionally regurgitate sausage-shaped 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) long <a href="/wiki/Hairball" title="Hairball">hairballs</a> of fur that have collected in their stomachs from grooming. Hairballs can be prevented with remedies that ease elimination of the hair through the <a href="/wiki/Gut_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gut (anatomy)">gut</a>, as well as regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush.<sup id="cite_ref-hairballs_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairballs-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fighting">Fighting</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/220px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/330px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/440px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>A domestic cat's arched back, raised <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> and open-mouthed hiss are signs of <a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">aggression</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among domestic cats, males are more likely to fight than females.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindell_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindell-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among feral cats, the most common reason for <a href="/wiki/Catfight_(animal_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catfight (animal behavior)">cat fighting</a> is competition between two males to mate with a female. In such cases, most fights are won by the heavier male.<sup id="cite_ref-courtship_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtship-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another common reason for fighting in domestic cats is the difficulty of establishing territories within a small home.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindell_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindell-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Female cats also fight over territory or to defend their kittens. Neutering will decrease or eliminate this behavior in many cases, suggesting that the behavior is linked to <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone" title="Sex hormone">sex hormones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When cats become aggressive, they try to make themselves appear larger and more threatening by raising their fur, arching their backs, turning sideways, and hissing or spitting.<sup id="cite_ref-behaviourguide_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-behaviourguide-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often, the ears are pointed down and back to avoid damage to the inner ear and potentially listen for any changes behind them while focused forward. Cats may also vocalize loudly and bare their teeth in an effort to further intimidate their opponents. Fights usually consist of grappling and delivering slaps to the face and body with the forepaws, as well as bites. Cats also throw themselves to the ground in a defensive posture to rake their opponent's belly with their hind legs.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serious damage is rare, as the fights are usually short in duration, with the loser running away with little more than a few scratches to the face and ears. Fights for mating rights are typically more severe, and injuries may include deep puncture wounds and lacerations. Normally, serious injuries from fighting are limited to infections from scratches and bites, though these can occasionally kill cats if untreated. In addition, bites are probably the main route of transmission of the <a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">feline immunodeficiency virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pederson_1989_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pederson_1989-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sexually active males are usually involved in many fights during their lives and often have decidedly battered faces with obvious scars and cuts to their ears and nose.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats are willing to threaten animals larger than them to defend their territory, such as dogs and <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">foxes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting_and_feeding">Hunting and feeding</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg/220px-Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg/330px-Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg/440px-Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="2169" /></a><figcaption>A domestic cat with its prey, a <a href="/wiki/Deermouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Deermouse">deermouse</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The shape and structure of cats' cheeks is insufficient to allow them to take in liquids using suction. Therefore, when drinking, they lap with the tongue to draw liquid upward into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second, the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface of the water, and quickly retracts it like a corkscrew, drawing water upward.<sup id="cite_ref-Reis_2010_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reis_2010-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kim_2012_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim_2012-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feral cats and free-fed house cats consume several small meals in a day. The frequency and size of meals varies between individuals. They select food based on its temperature, smell, and texture; they dislike chilled foods and respond most strongly to moist foods rich in amino acids, which are similar to meat. Cats reject novel flavors (a response termed <a href="/wiki/Neophobia" title="Neophobia">neophobia</a>) and learn quickly to <a href="/wiki/Conditioned_taste_aversion" title="Conditioned taste aversion">avoid foods that have tasted unpleasant</a> in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zaghini_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaghini-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a common misconception that cats like milk/cream, as they tend to avoid sweet food and milk. Most adult cats are <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactose intolerant">lactose intolerant</a>; the sugar in milk is not easily digested and may cause soft stools or <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kienzle_1994_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kienzle_1994-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some also develop odd eating habits and like to eat or chew on things like wool, plastic, cables, paper, string, aluminum foil, or even coal. This condition, <a href="/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" title="Pica (disorder)">pica</a>, can threaten their health, depending on the amount and toxicity of the items eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_1997_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw_1997-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats hunt small prey, primarily birds and rodents,<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are often used as a form of pest control.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other common small creatures, such as lizards and snakes, may also become prey.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats use two hunting strategies, either stalking prey actively, or <a href="/wiki/Ambush_predator" title="Ambush predator">waiting in ambush</a> until an animal comes close enough to be captured.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Cats_Evolved_to_Win_the_Internet_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Cats_Evolved_to_Win_the_Internet-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strategy used depends on the prey species in the area, with cats waiting in ambush outside burrows, but tending to actively stalk birds.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner_2000_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner_2000-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 153">: 153 </span></sup> Domestic cats are a major <a href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife" title="Cat predation on wildlife">predator of wildlife</a> in the United States, killing an estimated 1.3 to 4.0 billion birds and 6.3 to 22.3 billion mammals annually.<sup id="cite_ref-NC012913_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC012913-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain species appear more susceptible than others; in one English village, for example, 30% of house sparrow mortality was linked to the domestic cat.<sup id="cite_ref-Chucher_1987_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chucher_1987-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the recovery of ringed robins (<i><a href="/wiki/Erithacus_rubecula" class="mw-redirect" title="Erithacus rubecula">Erithacus rubecula</a></i>) and dunnocks (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunella_modularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prunella modularis">Prunella modularis</a></i>) in Britain, 31% of deaths were a result of cat predation.<sup id="cite_ref-Mead_1982_183–186_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mead_1982_183–186-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parts of North America, the presence of larger carnivores such as <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, which prey on cats and other small predators, reduces the effect of predation by cats and other small predators such as <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a> on bird numbers and variety.<sup id="cite_ref-Crooks_1999_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crooks_1999-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another poorly understood element of cat hunting behavior is the presentation of prey to human guardians. One explanation is that cats adopt humans into their social group and share excess kill with others in the group according to the <a href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy" title="Dominance hierarchy">dominance hierarchy</a>, in which humans are reacted to as if they are at or near the top.<sup id="cite_ref-Leyhausen_1978_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leyhausen_1978-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another explanation is that they attempt to teach their guardians to hunt or to help their human as if feeding "an elderly cat, or an inept kitten".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_Catwatching_1_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris_Catwatching_1-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hypothesis is inconsistent with the fact that male cats also bring home prey, despite males having negligible involvement in raising kittens.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner_2000_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner_2000-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 153">: 153 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Play">Play</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Cat play and toys</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/220px-seek%3D4-Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="295" data-mwtitle="Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1077" data-height="606" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Play fight between kittens aged 14 weeks</figcaption></figure> <p>Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture, and kill prey.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats also engage in <a href="/wiki/Rough-and-tumble_play" title="Rough-and-tumble play">play fighting</a>, both with each other and with humans. This behavior may be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real combat, and it might also reduce the fear that they associate with launching attacks on other animals.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats also tend to play with toys more when they are hungry.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the close similarity between play and hunting, cats prefer to play with objects that resemble prey, such as small furry toys that move rapidly, but rapidly lose interest. They become <a href="/wiki/Habituation" title="Habituation">habituated</a> to a toy they have played with before.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> String is often used as a toy, but if it is eaten, it can become caught at the base of the cat's tongue and then move into the <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestines</a>, a medical emergency which can cause serious illness, even death.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/220px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/330px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/440px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="2504" /></a><figcaption>When cats mate, the tomcat (male) bites the scruff of the female's neck as she assumes a position conducive to <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior" title="Lordosis behavior">lordosis behavior</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The cat secretes and perceives <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bland1979_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bland1979-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Female cats, called <i>queens</i>, are <a href="/wiki/Polyestrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyestrous">polyestrous</a> with several <a href="/wiki/Estrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrus">estrus</a> cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days. They are usually ready to mate between early February and August<sup id="cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jemmett1977-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in northern temperate zones and throughout the year in equatorial regions.<sup id="cite_ref-estrous_cycle_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estrous_cycle-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several males, called tomcats, are attracted to a female in heat. They fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. At first, the female rejects the male, but eventually, the female allows the male to mate. The female utters a loud yowl as the male pulls out of her because a male cat's <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a> has a band of about 120–150 backward-pointing <a href="/wiki/Penile_spines" title="Penile spines">penile spines</a>, which are about 1 mm (0.039 in) long; upon withdrawal of the penis, the spines may provide the female with increased sexual stimulation, which acts to <a href="/wiki/Induced_ovulation_(animals)" title="Induced ovulation (animals)">induce ovulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aronson_1967_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aronson_1967-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg/170px-Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg/255px-Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg/340px-Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2321" /></a><figcaption>Radiography of a pregnant cat; the skeletons of two fetuses are visible on the left and right of the uterus</figcaption></figure> <p>After mating, the female cleans her <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a> thoroughly. If a male attempts to mate with her at this point, the female attacks him. After about 20 to 30 minutes, once the female is finished grooming, the cycle will repeat.<sup id="cite_ref-compendium_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compendium-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because ovulation is not always triggered by a single mating, females may not be impregnated by the first male with which they mate.<sup id="cite_ref-Wildt_1980_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wildt_1980-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, cats are <a href="/wiki/Superfecundation" title="Superfecundation">superfecund</a>; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when she is in heat, with the result that different kittens in a litter may have different fathers.<sup id="cite_ref-compendium_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compendium-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Morula" class="mw-redirect" title="Morula">morula</a> forms 124 hours after conception. At 148 hours, early <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst">blastocysts</a> form. At 10–12 days, implantation occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> of queens lasts between 64 and 67 days, with an average of 65 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jemmett1977-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tsutsui_1993_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsutsui_1993-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1dayoldkitten.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1dayoldkitten.JPG/220px-1dayoldkitten.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1dayoldkitten.JPG/330px-1dayoldkitten.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1dayoldkitten.JPG/440px-1dayoldkitten.JPG 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>A newborn kitten</figcaption></figure> <p>Based on a study of 2,300 free-ranging queens conducted from May 1998 and October<span class="nowrap"> </span>2000, they had one to six kittens per <a href="/wiki/Litter_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Litter (animal)">litter</a>, with an average of three kittens. They produced a mean of 1.4 litters per year, but a maximum of three litters in a year. Of 169 kittens, 127 died before they were six months old due to a trauma caused in most cases by dog attacks and road accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-Nutter2004_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nutter2004-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first litter is usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned between six and seven weeks of age. Queens normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months, and males at 5–7 months. This varies depending on breed.<sup id="cite_ref-compendium_157-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compendium-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kittens reach <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a> at the age of 9–10 months.<sup id="cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jemmett1977-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks of age, when they are ready to leave their mother.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be surgically <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">sterilized</a> (spayed or <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a>) as early as seven weeks to limit unwanted reproduction.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This surgery also prevents undesirable sex-related behavior, such as aggression, <a href="/wiki/Spraying_(animal_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spraying (animal behavior)">territory marking</a> (spraying urine) in males, and yowling (calling) in females. Traditionally, this surgery was performed at around six to nine months of age, but it is increasingly being performed before <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>, at about three to six months.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, about 80% of household cats are neutered.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lifespan_and_health">Lifespan and health</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Cat health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging in cats</a></div> <p>The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent decades. In the early 1980s, it was about seven years,<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft1998-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nassar_1984_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nassar_1984-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rising to 9.4 years in 1995<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft1998-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> and an average of about 13 years as of 2014 and 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neutering increases life expectancy; one study found castrated male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact females.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft1998-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35">: 35 </span></sup> Having a cat <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a> confers some health benefits, such as a greater life expectancy and a decreased incidence of reproductive <a href="/wiki/Neoplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplasia">neoplasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obesity1_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obesity1-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, neutering decreases metabolism<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obesity2_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obesity2-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obesity3_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obesity3-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and increases food intake,<sup id="cite_ref-Obesity3_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obesity3-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obesity4_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obesity4-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which can cause obesity in neutered cats.<sup id="cite_ref-Obesity5_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obesity5-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre-pubertal neutering (neutering at 4 months or earlier) was only recommended by 28% of American veterinarians in one study. Some concerns of early neutering were metabolic, retarded <a href="/wiki/Epiphyseal_plate" title="Epiphyseal plate">physeal closure</a>, and urinary tract disease related.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disease">Disease</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">List of feline diseases</a></div> <p>About 250 heritable <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">genetic disorders</a> have been identified in cats; many are similar to human <a href="/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_metabolism" title="Inborn errors of metabolism">inborn errors of metabolism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high level of similarity among the <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> of mammals allows many of these feline diseases to be diagnosed using <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic tests</a> that were originally developed for use in humans, as well as the use of cats as <a href="/wiki/Animal_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal model">animal models</a> in the study of the human diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diseases affecting domestic cats include acute infections, <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_disease" title="Parasitic disease">parasitic infestations</a>, injuries, and chronic diseases such as <a href="/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease_in_cats" title="Chronic kidney disease in cats">kidney disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease">thyroid disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccinations</a> are available for many infectious diseases, as are treatments to eliminate parasites such as worms, ticks, and fleas.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitats">Habitats</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg/220px-Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg/330px-Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg/440px-Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese cat</a> living among the <a href="/wiki/Yurts" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurts">yurts</a> of shepherds in the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a>, Russia</figcaption></figure> <p>The domestic cat is a <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmopolitan species">cosmopolitan species</a> and occurs across much of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipinski_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipinski-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is adaptable and now present on all continents except <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, and on 118 of the 131 main groups of islands, even on the isolated <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its ability to thrive in almost any terrestrial habitat, it is among the world's most <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lives on small islands with no human inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feral cats can live in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands.<sup id="cite_ref-ISSG_2006_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISSG_2006-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unwantedness that leads to the domestic cat being <a href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife#Impact_by_location" title="Cat predation on wildlife">treated as an invasive species</a> is twofold. As it is little altered from the wildcat, it can readily interbreed with the wildcat. This <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridization</a> poses a danger to the genetic distinctiveness of some wildcat populations, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, possibly also the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, and where protected natural areas are close to human-dominated landscapes, such as <a href="/wiki/Kruger_National_Park" title="Kruger National Park">Kruger National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kruger_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kruger-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, its introduction to places where no native felines are present also contributes to the decline of native species.<sup id="cite_ref-contr-ext_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contr-ext-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferality">Ferality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/170px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/255px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/340px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1672" /></a><figcaption>Feral <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">farm cat</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Feral cats are domestic cats that were born in or have reverted to a wild state. They are unfamiliar with and wary of humans and roam freely in urban and rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Rochlitz_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The numbers of feral cats is not known, but estimates of the United States feral population range from 25 to 60 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Rochlitz_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feral cats may live alone, but most are found in large <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral cat colonies">colonies</a>, which occupy a specific territory and are usually associated with a source of food.<sup id="cite_ref-hsus-feral_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsus-feral-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famous feral cat colonies are found in Rome around the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forum_Romanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum Romanum">Forum Romanum</a>, with cats at some of these sites being fed and given medical attention by volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public attitudes toward feral cats vary widely, from seeing them as free-ranging pets to regarding them as <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_on_wildlife">Impact on wildlife</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife" title="Cat predation on wildlife">Cat predation on wildlife</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Causes_of_bird_deaths.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Causes_of_bird_deaths.png/220px-Causes_of_bird_deaths.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Causes_of_bird_deaths.png/330px-Causes_of_bird_deaths.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Causes_of_bird_deaths.png/440px-Causes_of_bird_deaths.png 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>Outdoor cats are the largest human cause of bird mortality.</figcaption></figure> <p>On islands, birds can contribute as much as 60% of a cat's diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzgerald_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In nearly all cases, the cat cannot be identified as the sole cause for reducing the numbers of island birds, and in some instances, eradication of cats has caused a "<a href="/wiki/Mesopredator_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopredator release">mesopredator release</a>" effect;<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the suppression of top carnivores creates an abundance of smaller predators that cause a severe decline in their shared prey. Domestic cats are a contributing factor to the decline of many species, a factor that has ultimately led, in some cases, to extinction. <a href="/wiki/Turnagra_capensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnagra capensis">The South Island piopio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rallus_modestus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rallus modestus">Chatham rail</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mead_1982_183–186_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mead_1982_183–186-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_merganser" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand merganser">New Zealand merganser</a><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a few from a long list, with the most extreme case being the flightless <a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Lyall's wren</a>, which was driven to extinction only a few years after its discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One feral cat in New Zealand killed 102 <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_lesser_short-tailed_bat" title="New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat">New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats</a> in seven days.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, feral and free-ranging domestic cats kill an estimated 6.3–22.3 billion mammals annually.<sup id="cite_ref-NC012913_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC012913-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, one study found feral cats to kill 466 million reptiles per year. More than 258 reptile species were identified as being predated by cats.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats have contributed to the extinction of the <a href="/wiki/Navassa_curly-tailed_lizard" title="Navassa curly-tailed lizard">Navassa curly-tailed lizard</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Chioninia_coctei" class="mw-redirect" title="Chioninia coctei">Chioninia coctei</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-contr-ext_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contr-ext-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaction_with_humans">Interaction with humans</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats" title="Human interaction with cats">Human interaction with cats</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainecoon-lap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A long-haired calico cat sat in the lap of a man who is sat cross-legged on the floor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mainecoon-lap.jpg/200px-Mainecoon-lap.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mainecoon-lap.jpg/300px-Mainecoon-lap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mainecoon-lap.jpg/400px-Mainecoon-lap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>A cat lying on a man's lap</figcaption></figure> <p>Cats are common <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pets</a> throughout the world, and their worldwide population as of 2007 exceeded 500 million.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, with 95.6 million cats owned<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around 42 million households owning at least one cat.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats as of 2020.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats have been used for millennia to control rodents, notably <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">around grain stores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">aboard ships</a>, and both uses extend to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cats are also used in the international <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and leather industries for making coats, hats, blankets, stuffed toys,<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shoes, gloves, and musical instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 24 cats are needed to make a cat-fur coat.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use has been outlawed in the United States since 2000 and in the European Union (as well as the United Kingdom) since 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cat pelts have been used for superstitious purposes as part of the practice of <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they are still made into blankets in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> as <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicines</a> thought to cure <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg/220px-Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg/330px-Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg/440px-Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A man holding a calico cat</figcaption></figure> <p>A few attempts to build a cat census have been made over the years, both through associations or national and international organizations (such as that of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Federation_of_Humane_Societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Federation of Humane Societies">Canadian Federation of Humane Societies</a><sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadian-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and over the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-catsbe_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catsbe-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SupremeCatCensus_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SupremeCatCensus-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General estimates for the global population of domestic cats range widely from anywhere between 200 million to 600 million.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chandoha" title="Walter Chandoha">Walter Chandoha</a> made his career photographing cats after his 1949 images of <i>Loco</i>, a stray cat, were published. He is reported to have photographed 90,000 cats during his career and maintained an archive of 225,000 images that he drew from for publications during his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pet_humanization" title="Pet humanization">Pet humanization</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphism</a> in which cats are kept for companionship and treated more like human family members than traditional pets.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trend of <a href="/wiki/Pet_culture" title="Pet culture">pet culture</a> involves providing cats with a higher level of care, attention and often even luxury, similar to the way humans are treated.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shows">Shows</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">cat show</a> is a judged event in which the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat-registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often required that a cat must be healthy and vaccinated to participate in a cat show.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_225-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/Pedigree_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedigree (cat)">pedigreed</a> and non-<a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">purebred</a> companion ("moggy") cats are admissible, although the rules differ depending on the organization. Competing cats are compared to the applicable breed standard, and assessed for temperament.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_225-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infection">Infection</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis">Feline zoonosis</a></div> <p>Cats can be <a href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife" title="Cat predation on wildlife">infected</a> or infested with <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protozoans" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoans">protozoans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a> or worms that can transmit diseases to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Chomel2014_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chomel2014-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, the cat exhibits no <a href="/wiki/Symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptoms">symptoms</a> of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Ohio2016_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohio2016-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same disease can then become evident in a human.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldstein2015_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein2015-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The likelihood that a person will become diseased depends on the age and <a href="/wiki/Immunocompetence" title="Immunocompetence">immune status</a> of the person. Humans who have cats living in their home or in close association are more likely to become infected. Others might also acquire infections from cat <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasites</a> exiting the cat's body.<sup id="cite_ref-Chomel2014_226-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chomel2014-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StullBrophy2015_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StullBrophy2015-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the infections of most concern include <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">salmonella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">cat-scratch disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ohio2016_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohio2016-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_and_mythology">History and mythology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions of cats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, cats were <a href="/wiki/Animal_worship" title="Animal worship">revered</a>, and the goddess <a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a> often depicted in cat form, sometimes taking on the war-like aspect of a lioness. The Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> reported that killing a cat was forbidden, and when a household cat died, the entire family mourned and shaved their eyebrows. Families took their dead cats to the sacred city of <a href="/wiki/Bubastis" title="Bubastis">Bubastis</a>, where they were embalmed and buried in sacred repositories. Herodotus expressed astonishment at the domestic cats in Egypt, because he had only ever seen wildcats.<sup id="cite_ref-Malek1997_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malek1997-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ancient Greeks and Romans kept <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a> as pets, which were seen as the ideal rodent-killers. The earliest unmistakable evidence of the Greeks having domestic cats comes from two coins from <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> dating to the mid-fifth century BC showing Iokastos and Phalanthos, the legendary founders of <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a> respectively, playing with their pet cats. The usual ancient Greek word for 'cat' was <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">ailouros</i></span>, meaning 'thing with the waving tail'. Cats are rarely mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">ancient Greek literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> remarked in his <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Animals" title="History of Animals">History of Animals</a></i> that "female cats are naturally <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">lecherous</a>." The Greeks later <a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">syncretized</a> their own goddess <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> with the Egyptian goddess Bastet, adopting Bastet's associations with cats and ascribing them to Artemis. In <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, when the deities flee to Egypt and take animal forms, the goddess <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> turns into a cat.<sup id="cite_ref-Engels2001_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engels2001-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cats eventually displaced <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a> as the pest control of choice because they were more pleasant to have around the house and were more enthusiastic hunters of mice. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, many of Artemis's associations with cats were grafted onto the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a>. Cats are often shown in icons of <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> and, according to <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Italian folklore</a>, on the same night that Mary gave birth to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, a cat in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> gave birth to a kitten.<sup id="cite_ref-Beadle1977_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beadle1977-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic cats were spread throughout much of the rest of the world during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">ships' cats</a> were carried on <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a> to control shipboard rodents and as good-luck charms.<sup id="cite_ref-Faure2009_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faure2009-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several ancient religions believed cats are exalted souls, companions or guides for humans, that are all-knowing but mute so they cannot influence decisions made by humans. In Japan, the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Maneki_neko" class="mw-redirect" title="Maneki neko">maneki neko</a></i></span> cat is a symbol of good fortune.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a>, the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility, is depicted as riding a chariot drawn by cats.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Jews" title="Legends of the Jews">Jewish legend</a>, the first cat was living in the house of the first man <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> as a pet that got rid of <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice">mice</a>. The cat was once partnering with the first dog before the latter broke an oath they had made which resulted in enmity between the descendants of these two animals. It is also written that neither cats nor <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a> are represented in the water, while every other animal has an incarnation species in the water.<sup id="cite_ref-Ginzberg_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ginzberg-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although no species are sacred in Islam, <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">cats are revered by Muslims</a>. Some Western writers have stated <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> had a favorite cat, <i><a href="/wiki/Muezza" class="mw-redirect" title="Muezza">Muezza</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is reported to have loved cats so much, "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it".<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story has no origin in early Muslim writers, and seems to confuse a story of a later <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> saint, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_ar-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed ar-Rifa'i">Ahmed ar-Rifa'i</a>, centuries after Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the companions of Muhammad was known as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurayrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hurayrah">Abu Hurayrah</a> ("father of the kitten"), in reference to his documented affection to cats.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="center noresize" style="width:auto;"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The ancient Egyptians mummified dead cats out of respect in the same way that they mummified people.[240]"><img alt="The ancient Egyptians mummified dead cats out of respect in the same way that they mummified people.[240]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg/300px-Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg/449px-Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The ancient Egyptians <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummified</a> dead cats out of respect in the same way that they mummified people.<sup id="cite_ref-Clutton-Brock1999_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clutton-Brock1999-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Roman mosaic of a cat killing a partridge from the House of the Faun in Pompeii"><img alt="Ancient Roman mosaic of a cat killing a partridge from the House of the Faun in Pompeii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg/183px-Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg/274px-Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg/366px-Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="2390" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">Roman mosaic</a> of a cat killing a <a href="/wiki/Partridge" title="Partridge">partridge</a> from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Faun" title="House of the Faun">House of the Faun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat"><img alt="A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/292px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/438px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/583px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Cat_(7983739954).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Some cultures are superstitious about black cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them."><img alt="Some cultures are superstitious about black cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg/270px-Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg/405px-Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg/540px-Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Some cultures are superstitious about black cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superstitions_and_rituals">Superstitions and rituals</h3></div> <p>Many cultures have negative <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitions</a> about cats. An example would be the belief that encountering a <a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">black cat</a> ("crossing one's path") leads to bad luck, or that cats are witches' <a href="/wiki/Familiar_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Familiar spirit">familiars</a> used to augment a witch's powers and skills. The killing of cats in Medieval <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, is commemorated in the innocuous present-day <a href="/wiki/Kattenstoet" title="Kattenstoet">Kattenstoet</a> (cat parade).<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-16th century France, <a href="/wiki/Cat-burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat-burning">cats would allegedly be burnt alive</a> as a form of entertainment, particularly during midsummer festivals. According to <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, the assembled people "shrieked with laughter as the animals, howling with pain, were singed, roasted, and finally <a href="/wiki/Carbonization" title="Carbonization">carbonized</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining ashes were sometimes taken back home by the people for good luck.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a myth in many cultures, cats have multiple lives. In many countries, they are believed to have nine lives, but in Italy, Germany, Greece, Brazil and some Spanish-speaking regions, they are said to have seven lives,<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in Arabic traditions, the number of lives is six.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early mention of the myth can be found in <a href="/wiki/John_Heywood" title="John Heywood">John Heywood</a>'s <i>The Proverbs of John Heywood</i> (1546):<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Husband, (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quoth#Verb_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:quoth">quoth</a> she), ye studie, be merrie now,<br /> And even as ye thinke now, so come to yow.<br /> Nay not so, (quoth he), for my thought to tell right,<br /> I thinke how you lay <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/groning#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:groning">groning</a>, wife, all last night.<br /> Husband, <i>a groning horse and a groning wife</i><br /> <i>Never faile their master</i>, (quoth she), for my life.<br /> No wife, <i>a woman <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hath#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:hath">hath</a> nine lives like a cat</i>. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also lending credence to this myth is the fact that falling cats often land on their feet, using an instinctive <a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">righting reflex</a> to twist their bodies around. Nonetheless, cats can still be injured or killed by a high fall.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/28px-Cat03.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/42px-Cat03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/56px-Cat03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1598" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Cats portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/32px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/48px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/64px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals">Animals portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging in cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal testing on cats">Animal testing on cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_in_cats" title="Cancer in cats">Cancer in cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_bite" title="Cat bite">Cat bite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café">Cat café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_collar" title="Cat collar">Cat collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy">Cat fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_repeller" title="Cat repeller">Cat repeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet" title="Cats and the Internet">Cats and the Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Cats in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">Cats in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">Cats in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship" title="Cat–dog relationship">Cat–dog relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_cat" title="Dried cat">Dried cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cats_in_Istanbul" title="Feral cats in Istanbul">Feral cats in Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">List of cat breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_documentaries,_television_series_and_cartoons" title="List of cat documentaries, television series and cartoons">List of cat documentaries, television series and cartoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines">List of fictional felines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">List of feline diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neko-dera" title="Neko-dera">Neko-dera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlorian" title="Perlorian">Perlorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_door" title="Pet door">Pet door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_first_aid" title="Pet first aid">Pet first aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_cat_names" title="Popular cat names">Popular cat names</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDriscollMacdonaldO'Brien2009">Driscoll, Macdonald & O'Brien 2009</a> did not conclude a date for genetic divergence, noting from archaeological evidence that "the broadest range of dates for domestication to be from 11,000 to 4,000 B.P.".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1758" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Linnaeus, C. (1758). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/42">"Felis Catus"</a>. <i>Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i> (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Felis+Catus&rft.btitle=Systema+naturae+per+regna+tria+naturae%3A+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&rft.place=Holmiae&rft.pages=42&rft.edition=10th+reformed&rft.pub=Laurentii+Salvii&rft.date=1758&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmobot31753000798865%2Fpage%2F42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSW3fc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozencraft2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Chris_Wozencraft" title="W. Chris Wozencraft">Wozencraft, W. C.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031">"Species <i>Felis catus</i>"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D. E.</a>; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534–535"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 534–535. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Species+Felis+catus&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.pages=534-535&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.aulast=Wozencraft&rft.aufirst=W.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erxleben-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erxleben_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erxleben_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErxleben1777" class="citation book cs1">Erxleben, J. 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Lipsiae: Weygandt. pp. 520–521.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Felis+Catus+domesticus&rft.btitle=Systema+regni+animalis+per+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+varietates+cvm+synonymia+et+historia+animalivm.+Classis+I.+Mammalia&rft.place=Lipsiae&rft.pages=520-521&rft.pub=Weygandt&rft.date=1777&rft.aulast=Erxleben&rft.aufirst=J.+C.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiochristpolycerx00erxl%2Fpage%2F520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKnight1923" class="citation book cs1">McKnight, G. H. 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Appleton and Company</a>. pp. 293–311.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Words+and+Archaeology&rft.btitle=English+Words+and+Their+Background&rft.place=New+York%2C+London&rft.pages=293-311&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=McKnight&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishwordsthei00mckn%2Fpage%2F300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPictet1859" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pictet, A. (1859). <i>Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas primitifs : essai de paléontologie linguistique</i> (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Joël Cherbuliez. p. 381.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+origines+indo-europ%C3%A9ennes+ou+les+Aryas+primitifs+%3A+essai+de+pal%C3%A9ontologie+linguistique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=Jo%C3%ABl+Cherbuliez&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Pictet&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller1909" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Keller, O. (1909). <i>Die antike Tierwelt</i> (in German). Vol. Säugetiere. Leipzig: <a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Wartburg" title="Walther von Wartburg">Walther von Wartburg</a>. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+antike+Tierwelt&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Walther+von+Wartburg&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuehnergard2008" class="citation book cs1">Huehnergard, J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407">"Qitta: Arabic Cats"</a>. In Gruendler, B.; Cooperson, M. (eds.). <i>Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th Birthday</i>. Leiden, Boston: <a href="/wiki/Brill_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill (publisher)">Brill</a>. pp. 407–418. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004165731" title="Special:BookSources/9789004165731"><bdi>9789004165731</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062414/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&pg=PA407">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Qitta%3A+Arabic+Cats&rft.btitle=Classical+Arabic+Humanities+in+Their+Own+Terms%3A+Festschrift+for+Wolfhart+Heinrichs+on+his+65th+Birthday&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=407-418&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789004165731&rft.aulast=Huehnergard&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1_qqgNTsX8C%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroonen2013" class="citation book cs1">Kroonen, G. (2013). <i>Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic</i>. Leiden, Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 281f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004183407" title="Special:BookSources/9789004183407"><bdi>9789004183407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Proto-Germanic&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=281f&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004183407&rft.aulast=Kroonen&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702">"Puss"</a>. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Puss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F155147%23eid27609702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gramercy_Unabridged-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gramercy_Unabridged_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"puss". <i>Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Gramercy (Random House)</a>. 1996. p. 1571.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=puss&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Encyclopedic+Unabridged+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1571&rft.pub=Gramercy+%28Random+House%29&rft.date=1996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/203100#eid18281825">"tom cat, tom-cat"</a></span>. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=tom+cat%2C+tom-cat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F203100%23eid18281825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid">"gib, n.2"</a></span>. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918111545/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=gib%2C+n.2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F78103%3Frskey%3DZ7UU0G%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294">"queen cat"</a></span>. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid27437294">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=queen+cat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F156212%3Frskey%3Dc2khr1%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid27437294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources wrote that <i>queen</i> refers to unspayed cats that are in an <a href="/wiki/Estrous_cycle" title="Estrous cycle">oestrus cycle</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosskopf2022" class="citation web cs1">Grosskopf, Shane (23 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called">"What is a Female Cat Called? A Guide to the Fascinating Terms"</a>. <i>Spot Pet Insurance</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240411035905/https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spot+Pet+Insurance&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Female+Cat+Called%3F+A+Guide+to+the+Fascinating+Terms&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft.aulast=Grosskopf&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspotpet.com%2Fblog%2Fcat-tips%2Fwhat-is-a-female-cat-called&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScamporrino2018" class="citation web cs1">Scamporrino, Christina (12 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat">"Cat Parenting 101: Special Considerations for Your Female Cat"</a>. <i>PrettyLitter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001160548/https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PrettyLitter&rft.atitle=Cat+Parenting+101%3A+Special+Considerations+for+Your+Female+Cat&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.aulast=Scamporrino&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prettylitter.com%2Fblog%2Fcat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143959/https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats">"7 fascinating facts about female cats"</a>. <i>Cats Protection</i>. 8 March 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats">the original</a> on 16 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cats+Protection&rft.atitle=7+fascinating+facts+about+female+cats&rft.date=2020-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cats.org.uk%2Fcats-blog%2F7-facts-about-female-cats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid">"catling"</a></span>. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=catling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F28995%3FredirectedFrom%3Dcatling%23eid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012112007/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of">"What do you call a group of ...?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionaries Online">Oxford Dictionaries Online</a></i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of">the original</a> on 12 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&rft.atitle=What+do+you+call+a+group+of+...%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fwords%2Fwhat-do-you-call-a-group-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/terms-we-use-cats">"Terms we use for cats"</a>. <i>The Humane Society of the United States</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&rft.atitle=Terms+we+use+for+cats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanesociety.org%2Fresources%2Fterms-we-use-cats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatunin1904" class="citation journal cs1">Satunin, C. (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofzoo19042zool">"The Black Wild Cat of Transcaucasia"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</i>. <b>II</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofzoo19042zool/page/162">162</a>–163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Zoological+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Black+Wild+Cat+of+Transcaucasia&rft.volume=II&rft.pages=162-163&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Satunin&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproceedingsofzoo19042zool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBukhnikashviliYevlampiev" class="citation book cs1">Bukhnikashvili, A.; Yevlampiev, I. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf"><i>Catalogue of the Specimens of Caucasian Large Mammalian Fauna in the Collection</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tbilisi: <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Georgia">National Museum of Georgia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073023/http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Specimens+of+Caucasian+Large+Mammalian+Fauna+in+the+Collection&rft.place=Tbilisi&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+Georgia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru%2Fcatalogue_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICZN-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bulletinofzoolog602003int/page/81">"Opinion 2027"</a>. <i>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature</i>. <b>60</b>. <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a>: 81−82. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.atitle=Opinion+2027&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=81%E2%88%9282&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbulletinofzoolog602003int%2Fpage%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGentryClutton-BrockGroves2004" class="citation journal cs1">Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf">"The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>31</b> (5): 645–651. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JArSc..31..645G">2004JArSc..31..645G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2003.10.006">10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052316/http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267438">"The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations"</a>. <i>Genomics</i>. <b>91</b> (1): 12–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2007.10.009">10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267438">2267438</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18060738">18060738</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genomics&rft.atitle=The+ascent+of+cat+breeds%3A+Genetic+evaluations+of+breeds+and+worldwide+random-bred+populations&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12-21&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2267438%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18060738&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2007.10.009&rft.aulast=Lipinski&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rft.au=Froenicke%2C+L.&rft.au=Baysac%2C+K.+C.&rft.au=Billings%2C+N.+C.&rft.au=Leutenegger%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Levy%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Longeri%2C+M.&rft.au=Niini%2C+T.&rft.au=Ozpinar%2C+H.&rft.au=Slater%2C+M.R.&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+N.+C.&rft.au=Lyons%2C+L.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2267438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OConnor-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OConnor_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2007" class="citation journal cs1">O'Connor, T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toolbox%3A+Ship%27s+Cat+on+the+Kalmar+Nyckel&rft.pub=Bay+Oak+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780974171395&rft.aulast=Mayers&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq3LvHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201153853/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/What-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf">"What Is That They're Wearing?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">Humane Society of the United States</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=EU+proposes+cat+and+dog+fur+ban&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6165786.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkuma2007" class="citation web cs1">Ikuma, C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217153420/http://www.hsus.org/about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/hsi_europe/dog_cat_fur/">"EU Announces Strict Ban on Dog and Cat Fur Imports and Exports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_International" title="Humane Society International">Humane Society International</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsus.org/about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/hsi_europe/dog_cat_fur/">the original</a> on 17 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: Athlone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567574466" title="Special:BookSources/9780567574466"><bdi>9780567574466</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747103210">747103210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+and+Magic+in+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Athlone&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747103210&rft.isbn=9780567574466&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=K.+L.&rft.au=Raudvere%2C+C.&rft.au=Peters%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2008" class="citation news cs1">Paterson, T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cats+Be&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catsbe.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SupremeCatCensus-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SupremeCatCensus_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316024409/http://www.supremecatcensus.co.za/">"The Supreme Cat Census"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecatcensus.co.za/">the original</a> on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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D.; Riley, S. P. D.; Cypher, B. L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&q=million%20cats%20worldwide&pg=PA157"><i>Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801893896" title="Special:BookSources/9780801893896"><bdi>9780801893896</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231224128/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&lpg=PA157&pg=PA157&q=million%20cats%20worldwide">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cathistorybiolog00bead/page/75">75–88</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671224516" title="Special:BookSources/9780671224516"><bdi>9780671224516</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ups+and+Downs&rft.btitle=Cat&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=75-88&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780671224516&rft.aulast=Beadle&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtnjgqpNKYksC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPate2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pate, A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314191210/http://www.darumamagazine.com/new/articles-excerpts/maneki-neko-feline-fact-fiction/">"Maneki Neko: Feline Fact & Fiction"</a>. <i>Daruma Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darumamagazine.com/new/articles-excerpts/maneki-neko-feline-fact-fiction/">the original</a> on 14 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daruma+Magazine&rft.atitle=Maneki+Neko%3A+Feline+Fact+%26+Fiction&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Pate&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darumamagazine.com%2Fnew%2Farticles-excerpts%2Fmaneki-neko-feline-fact-fiction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulkes1995" class="citation book cs1">Faulkes, A. (1995). <i>Edda</i>. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780460876162" title="Special:BookSources/9780460876162"><bdi>9780460876162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edda&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780460876162&rft.aulast=Faulkes&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ginzberg-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ginzberg_236-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinzberg1909" class="citation book cs1">Ginzberg, L. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf"><i>The Legends of the Jews, Vol. I: The Sixth Day</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Translated by Szold, H. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society" title="Jewish Publication Society">Jewish Publication Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516120617/http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legends+of+the+Jews%2C+Vol.+I%3A+The+Sixth+Day&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Ginzberg&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swartzentrover.com%2Fcotor%2Fe-books%2Fmisc%2FLegends%2FLegends%2520of%2520the%2520Jews.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeyer2004" class="citation book cs1">Geyer, G. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whencatsreignedl00geor"><i>When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of the Sacred Cats</i></a>. Kansas City, Missouri: <a href="/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing" title="Andrews McMeel Publishing">Andrews McMeel Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780740746970" title="Special:BookSources/9780740746970"><bdi>9780740746970</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Cats+Reigned+Like+Kings%3A+On+the+Trail+of+the+Sacred+Cats&rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780740746970&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.aufirst=G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhencatsreignedl00geor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reeves-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reeves_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves2000" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000reev/page/52"><i>Muhammad in Europe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000reev/page/52">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814775332" title="Special:BookSources/9780814775332"><bdi>9780814775332</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+Europe&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780814775332&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadineurope0000reev%2Fpage%2F52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Thahabi" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Al-Thahabi, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=5401&idto=5401&bk_no=60&ID=5263">"Biography of al-Rifai"</a>. <i>سير أعلام النبلاء</i> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025030332/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=5401&idto=5401&bk_no=60&ID=5263">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1&rft.atitle=Biography+of+al-Rifai&rft.aulast=Al-Thahabi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.islamweb.net%2Fnewlibrary%2Fdisplay_book.php%3Fidfrom%3D5401%26idto%3D5401%26bk_no%3D60%26ID%3D5263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroad2015" class="citation web cs1">Broad, Michael (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pictures-of-cats.org/abu-hurairah-and-cats.html">"Abu Hurairah and Cats"</a>. <i>Pictures-of-Cats.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305203105/http://pictures-of-cats.org/abu-hurairah-and-cats.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pictures-of-Cats.org&rft.atitle=Abu+Hurairah+and+Cats&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Broad&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpictures-of-cats.org%2Fabu-hurairah-and-cats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clutton-Brock1999-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clutton-Brock1999_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClutton-Brock1999" class="citation book cs1">Clutton-Brock, J. (1999) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133">"Cats"</a>. <i>A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 133–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521634953" title="Special:BookSources/9780521634953"><bdi>9780521634953</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39786571">39786571</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145647/https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cats&rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Domesticated+Mammals&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=133-140&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39786571&rft.isbn=9780521634953&rft.aulast=Clutton-Brock&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcgL-EbbB8a0C%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdzo2015" class="citation web cs1">Adzo, Kokou (29 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialnewsdaily.com/58901/are-black-cats-really-bad-luck-hoax/">"Are Black Cats Really Bad Luck? [Hoax]"</a>. <i>Social News Daily</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141607/http://socialnewsdaily.com/58901/are-black-cats-really-bad-luck-hoax/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+News+Daily&rft.atitle=Are+Black+Cats+Really+Bad+Luck%3F+%5BHoax%5D&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft.aulast=Adzo&rft.aufirst=Kokou&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsocialnewsdaily.com%2F58901%2Fare-black-cats-really-bad-luck-hoax%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1996" class="citation book cs1">Davies, N. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0/page/543"><i>Europe: A History</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 543. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198201717" title="Special:BookSources/9780198201717"><bdi>9780198201717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=543&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780198201717&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuropehistory00davi_0%2Fpage%2F543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazer2002" class="citation book cs1">Frazer, J. G. (2002) [1922]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/196/164.html"><i>The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion</i></a> (Abridged ed.). Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486424928" title="Special:BookSources/0486424928"><bdi>0486424928</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49942157">49942157</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208190208/http://www.bartleby.com/196/164.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Bough%3A+A+Study+in+Magic+and+Religion&rft.place=Mineola%2C+New+York&rft.edition=Abridged&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49942157&rft.isbn=0486424928&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=J.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F196%2F164.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugobono2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sugobono, N. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127052854/http://elcomercio.pe/impresa/notas/vidas-gato/20100307/423959">"Las vidas del gato"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Comercio_(Peru)" title="El Comercio (Peru)">El Comercio (Peru)</a></i> (in Spanish). Lima, Peru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elcomercio.pe/impresa/notas/vidas-gato/20100307/423959">the original</a> on 27 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Comercio+%28Peru%29&rft.atitle=Las+vidas+del+gato&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sugobono&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felcomercio.pe%2Fimpresa%2Fnotas%2Fvidas-gato%2F20100307%2F423959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mundoestranho.abril.com.br/materia/qual-e-a-origem-da-lenda-de-que-os-gatos-teriam-sete-vidas">"Qual é a origem da lenda de que os gatos teriam sete vidas?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mundo_Estranho" title="Mundo Estranho">Mundo Estranho</a></i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo, Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Abril_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Abril Media">Abril Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031757/http://mundoestranho.abril.com.br/materia/qual-e-a-origem-da-lenda-de-que-os-gatos-teriam-sete-vidas">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mundo+Estranho&rft.atitle=Qual+%C3%A9+a+origem+da+lenda+de+que+os+gatos+teriam+sete+vidas%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmundoestranho.abril.com.br%2Fmateria%2Fqual-e-a-origem-da-lenda-de-que-os-gatos-teriam-sete-vidas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling2010" class="citation news cs1">Dowling, T. (19 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2010/mar/18/guide-to-pets-pet-myths?picture=360591960">"Tall tails: Pet myths busted"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130909160834/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2010/mar/18/guide-to-pets-pet-myths?picture=360591960">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Domestic_cats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Domestic cats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat">Dwarf cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">Odd-eyed cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></li> <li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">Calico cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_cats" title="Dental health diets for cats">dental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_cat_diet" title="Senior cat diet">senior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship" title="Cat–dog relationship">Cat–dog relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Catfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">Catnip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">Meow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats" title="Human interaction with cats">Human–cat<br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café">Cat cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_killers" title="Category:Cat killers">Cat killers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_massage" title="Cat massage">Cat massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">Cat-scratch disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet" title="Cats and the Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat" title="Dog-like cat">Dog-like cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">Cats and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cat_Day" title="National Cat Day">National Cat Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cat" title="Working cat">Working cat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_cat" title="Bodega cat">Bodega cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_cat" title="Library cat">Library cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis">Zoonosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association" title="American Cat Fanciers Association">American Cat Fanciers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana" title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana">Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">Canadian Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association" title="Cat Aficionado Association">Cat Aficionado Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy" title="New Zealand Cat Fancy">New Zealand Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Cat_Council" title="Southern Africa Cat Council">Southern Africa Cat Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Congress" title="World Cat Congress">World Cat Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">World Cat Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breeds<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">full list</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_cat_breeds" title="List of experimental cat breeds">experimental</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fully<br />domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cat" title="Abyssinian cat">Abyssinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cat" title="Balinese cat">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_cat" title="Bombay cat">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cat" title="Burmese cat">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Spangled" title="California Spangled">California Spangled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Chinese Li Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymric_cat" title="Cymric cat">Cymric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donskoy_cat" title="Donskoy cat">Donskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldex_cat" title="Foldex cat">Foldex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_cat" title="Himalayan cat">Himalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cat" title="Javanese cat">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_Manee" title="Khao Manee">Khao Manee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykoi" title="Lykoi">Lykoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_cat" title="Munchkin cat">Munchkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neva_Masquerade" title="Neva Masquerade">Neva Masquerade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Forest cat">Norwegian Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojos_Azules" title="Ojos Azules">Ojos Azules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_cat" title="Persian cat">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob">Pixie-bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_cat" title="Ragamuffin cat">Ragamuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_cat" title="Siberian cat">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura_cat" title="Singapura cat">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_cat" title="Snowshoe cat">Snowshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cat" title="Somali cat">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cat" title="Thai cat">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian" title="Traditional Persian">Traditional Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_cat" title="Tonkinese cat">Tonkinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_cat" title="Highlander cat">Highlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_cat" title="Savannah cat">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landraces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">Diseases and<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_sensorineural_deafness_in_cats" title="Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats">Congenital sensorineural deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_corneal_sequestrum" title="Feline corneal sequestrum">Feline corneal sequestrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">Coccidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Heartworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Hepatic lipidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Immunodeficiency virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Infectious peritonitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Lower urinary tract disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1" title="Carnivore protoparvovirus 1">Panleukopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">Polydactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_in_animals" title="Rabies in animals">Rabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">Ringworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritrichomonas_foetus" title="Tritrichomonas foetus">Tritrichomonas foetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Skin disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Viral rhinotracheitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_by_country" title="Category:Cats by country">Cats by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Canada" title="Category:Cats in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Japan" title="Category:Cats in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Cats in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-living_cats" title="List of longest-living cats">List of longest-living cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_folklore" title="Category:Cat folklore">Cats in folklore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cats" title="Category:Cats">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Carnivora_species" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora" title="Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora" title="Template talk:Carnivora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Carnivora_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&quot;cat-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Felis catus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20980826" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q20980826">Q20980826</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_catus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Felis catus">Felis catus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Felis_catus">Felis_catus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=10396">10396</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3DXV3">3DXV3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/FELIDO">FELIDO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2435035">2435035</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=24">24</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/118552">118552</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10196305">10196305</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/82598">82598</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=183798">183798</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005985">1005985</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000031">14000031</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103979/">2.103979</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000080189">NHMSYS0000080189</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9685">9685</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/7d7d7c68-baa8-4908-bdc4-b747950f6318">7d7d7c68-baa8-4908-bdc4-b747950f6318</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/20332/">20332</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=563166">563166</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104159">104159</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1461480">1461480</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/6F717CA1-D3D6-4FCD-BC27-ED52F4FF6706">6F717CA1-D3D6-4FCD-BC27-ED52F4FF6706</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Katze"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4030046-8">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="cats"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85021262">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chats"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12266539w">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chats"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12266539w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="猫"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568069">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kočka domácí"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1128717&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kočky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115000&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gatos"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX527377">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cats"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284701205171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041559">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10647397">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&oldid=1259127961">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&oldid=1259127961</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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Template:Cite_book"," 7.45% 336.581 16 Template:Clade"," 5.91% 266.890 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 5.09% 230.004 8 Template:Navbox"," 4.83% 218.186 45 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.037","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23018466,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdzo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl-Thahabi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArmes1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAronsonCooper1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaronStewartWarren1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarratt1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBatterman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeadle1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeadle1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaver2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBehrendWegler1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBland1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlumberg1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoshelWilbornSinghPeter1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshaw1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshaw2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshaw2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshawGoodwinLegrand-DefrétinNott1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshawHorsfieldAllenRobinson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroad2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBukhnikashviliYevlampiev\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCafazzoNatoli2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCameron-BeaumontLoweBradshaw2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCase2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChomel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristensen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChuAndersonRieser2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChucherLawton1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClutton-Brock1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCourchampLanglaisSugihara1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrooksSoul1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowell-DavisCurtisKnowles2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanforth1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesmond2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevlin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDohertyGlenNimmoRitchie2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDowling2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriscollClutton-BrockKitchenerO\u0026#039;Brien2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriscollMacdonaldO\u0026#039;Brien2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriscollMenotti-RaymondRoca_\u0026#039;Hupe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEizirikYuhkiJohnsonMenotti-Raymond2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEngels2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErxleben1777\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvangelistaWatanabeLeungMonteiro2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalla1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaulkes1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaureKitchener2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFettmanStantonBanksHamar1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgeraldTurner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazer2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazer_SissomRicePeters1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrenotChownWhinamSelkirk2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalbreathBrown2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGehrtRileyCypher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGentryClutton-BrockGroves2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerathewohlStallings1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGermainBenhamouPoulle2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeyer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillis2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGinzberg1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldsteinAbrahamian2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrimm2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrognet1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrosskopf2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuentherZrenner1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadzima2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall1998\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHall2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammondMouat1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperStackWatsonMoxham2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeffner1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeffner1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeffner2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeywood1874\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoenigFerguson2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHombergerHamOgunbakinBonin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorwitz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuehnergard2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuston2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIkuma2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInvasive_Species_Specialist_Group2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJemmettEvans1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJiangJosueLiGlaser2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonEizirikPecon-SlatteryMurphy2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonKutzler2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonO\u0026#039;Brien1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJollyRaudverePeters2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJouvet1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanchukBackusMorrisRogers2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKentPlatt2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKienzle1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimBush2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitchenerBreitenmoser-WürstenEizirikGentry2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitchenerEasterbee1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitchenerVan_ValkenburghYamaguchi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraft1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroonen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKustritz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangtonLangton1940\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_RouxFoxcraftHerbstMacfadyen2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLearn2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLegay1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLetticeHillDevenneyHill2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevinePerryScarlettHoupt2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeyhausen1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi,_G.Davis,_B._W.Eizirik,_E.Murphy,_W._J.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLibergSandellPontierNatoli2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLing2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinnaeus1758\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLipinskiFroenickeBaysacBillings2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoopBruce1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLossWillMarra2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacPhail2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalek1997\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMalmströmKröger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatternMcLennan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayers2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCombTaylorWilsonCharlton2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGraneGibbsHernangomez_de_AlvaroDunlop2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKnight1923\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMead1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedinaBonnaudVidalTershy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillsMarchant-Forde2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiyazakiYamashitaSuzukiSaito2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoelk1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontagueLiGandolfiKhan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonteiroLeeSteagall2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontoyaMorrisonArrignonSpofford2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoulton1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurraySkillingsGruffydd-Jones2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNassarMosierWilliams1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNieWangO\u0026#039;Brien2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoelHu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNogalesMartinTershyDonlan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNutterLevineStoskopf2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;BrienJohnsonDriscollPontius2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;BrienMenotti-RaymondMurphyYuhki2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;NeillChurchMcGreevyThomson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOliveiraGodinhoRandiAlves2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOllivierSamuelsonBrooksLewis2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlsonKustritzJohnston2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOttonivan_Neerde_CupereDaligault2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPate2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaterson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedersenYamamotoIshidaHansen1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPictet1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPocock1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoirierHussey1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPontiusMullikinSmithAgencourt_Sequencing_Team2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRagniPossentiSforziZavalloni1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandallJohnsonRandallCunningham1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeves2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReisJungAristoffStocker2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemmersGautier1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRines1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRochlitz2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoot_Kustritz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandomir2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatunin1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSay2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScamporrino2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchelling\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScottFlorkiewicz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScrimgeourBeathSwanney2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSewellHaskinsGiger2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlaterShain2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlesnick2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithTchernov1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoennichsenChamove2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommerville1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStallwood2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStattersfieldCrosbyLongWege1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStullBrophyWeese2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugobono2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSunquistSunquist2002\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSwansonRothWilt1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTakagiChijiiwaArahoriSaito2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsutsuiStabenfeldt1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuckerTucker1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerBateson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUdellDelgadoEkenstedtShoveller2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVendraminiAmaralPedrinelliZafalon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVigne1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVigneEvinCucchiDai2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVigneGuilaineDebueHaye2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWade2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWastlhuber1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhiteley1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWildtSeagerChakraborty1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoinarskiMurphyPalmerLegge2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodsMcDonaldHarris2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYamaneDoiOno1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaghiniBiagi2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_MuggenthalerWright\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÖhlundPalmgrenHolst2018\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 6,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Carnivora\"] = 1,\n [\"Cat nav\"] = 1,\n [\"Cf.\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Americana\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 57,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 131,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 45,\n [\"Clade\"] = 16,\n [\"Clade gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 9,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"INIST\"] = 1,\n [\"Image frame\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 17,\n [\"Listen image\"] = 1,\n [\"MSW3 Wozencraft\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 14,\n [\"MirrorH\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Mya\"] = 4,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Poem quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 12,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 3,\n [\"Speciesbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Spoken Wikipedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Taxonbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Tertiary source\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikibooks inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikispecies-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","660","20.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","7.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","180","5.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","180","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","160","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","120","3.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","3.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","3.8"],["[others]","1000","31.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rhwrx","timestamp":"20241124160815","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cat","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q146","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q146","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-09T13:56:03Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T14:40:46Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/15\/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg","headline":"domesticated feline"}</script> </body> </html>