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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decline_of_the_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_the_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Decline of the Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_the_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempts_at_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempts_at_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Attempts at reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempts_at_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Partition_of_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Partition_of_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Second Partition of Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Partition_of_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growing_unrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growing_unrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Growing unrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growing_unrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_battles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_battles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of battles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_battles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kościuszko Uprising</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B4" title="انتفاضة تاديوش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتفاضة تاديوش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_1794_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Паўстанне 1794 года – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўстанне 1794 года" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_1794_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Паўстаньне 1794 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўстаньне 1794 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Въстание на Косцюшко – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въстание на Косцюшко" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrecci%C3%B3_de_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Insurrecció de Kościuszko – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Insurrecció de Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszkovo_povst%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Kościuszkovo povstání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kościuszkovo povstání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko-opstanden" title="Kościuszko-opstanden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kościuszko-opstanden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko-Aufstand" title="Kościuszko-Aufstand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kościuszko-Aufstand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Εξέγερση του Κοστσιούσκο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξέγερση του Κοστσιούσκο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrecci%C3%B3n_de_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Insurrección de Kościuszko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Insurrección de Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurekcio_de_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Insurekcio de Kościuszko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Insurekcio de Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszkoren_matxinada" title="Kościuszkoren matxinada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kościuszkoren matxinada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrection_de_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Insurrection de Kościuszko – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Insurrection de Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%B9%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%88%EC%BD%94_%EB%B4%89%EA%B8%B0" title="코시치우슈코 봉기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코시치우슈코 봉기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տադեուշ Կոստյուշկոյի ապստամբություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տադեուշ Կոստյուշկոյի ապստամբություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszkov_ustanak" title="Kościuszkov ustanak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kościuszkov ustanak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Pemberontakan Kościuszko – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemberontakan Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrezione_di_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Insurrezione di Kościuszko – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Insurrezione di Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%95" title="מרד קושצ'ושקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרד קושצ'ושקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%83" title="Костюшкону къозгъалыуу – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Костюшкону къозгъалыуу" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Костюшко көтерілісі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Костюшко көтерілісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D1%88%D2%AF_(1794)" title="Поляк көтөрүлүшү (1794) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Поляк көтөрүлүшү (1794)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koscju%C5%A1ko_sacel%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Koscjuško sacelšanās – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koscjuško sacelšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1794_m._sukilimas" title="1794 m. sukilimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1794 m. sukilimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%9C%82%E8%B5%B7" title="コシチュシュコの蜂起 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コシチュシュコの蜂起" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszkooppstanden" title="Kościuszkooppstanden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kościuszkooppstanden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insureccion_de_Kosciuszko" title="Insureccion de Kosciuszko – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Insureccion de Kosciuszko" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurekcja_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowska" title="Insurekcja kościuszkowska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Insurekcja kościuszkowska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolta_de_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Revolta de Kościuszko – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revolta de Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurec%C8%9Bia_lui_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Insurecția lui Kościuszko – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insurecția lui Kościuszko" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Восстание Костюшко – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восстание Костюшко" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszkovo_povstanie" title="Kościuszkovo povstanie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kościuszkovo povstanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszkova_vstaja" title="Kościuszkova vstaja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kościuszkova vstaja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1794 failed rebellion against the second partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Kościuszko Uprising</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Russian Wars">Polish–Russian Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rp_1794.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rp_1794.jpg/300px-Rp_1794.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rp_1794.jpg/450px-Rp_1794.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rp_1794.jpg/600px-Rp_1794.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span><br />Kościuszko Uprising, 1794</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 March – 16 November 1794</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Partition" title="Prussian Partition">Prussian Partition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuyavia" title="Kuyavia">Kuyavia</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_Partition" title="Russian Partition">Russian Partition</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Victory of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">Third Partition of Poland</a><br />Disappearance of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="no"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/23px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/35px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg/45px-Royal_Banner_of_Stanis%C5%82aw_II_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a><br />(Kościuszko rebels)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a><br /><span data-sort-value="Holy Roman Empire"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>Others</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Madali%C5%84ski" title="Antoni Madaliński">Antoni Madaliński</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Jasi%C5%84ski" title="Jakub Jasiński">Jakub Jasiński</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Wawrzecki" title="Tomasz Wawrzecki">Tomasz Wawrzecki</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Mokronowski" title="Stanisław Mokronowski">Stanisław Mokronowski</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Zaj%C4%85czek" title="Józef Zajączek">Józef Zajączek</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Bielak" title="Józef Bielak">Józef Bielak</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Chlewi%C5%84ski" title="Antoni Chlewiński">Antoni Chlewiński</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Henryk_D%C4%85browski" title="Jan Henryk Dąbrowski">Jan Henryk Dąbrowski</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Wielhorski_(younger)" title="Michał Wielhorski (younger)">Michał Wielhorski</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Grabowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Grabowski (page does not exist)">Stefan Grabowski</a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eustachy_Erazm_Sanguszko" title="Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko">Eustachy Sanguszko</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/19px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/30px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG/39px-Banner_of_Kosciuszko_Uprising_flat.PNG 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romuald_Giedroy%C4%87" title="Romuald Giedroyć">Romuald Giedroyć</a> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a> </p> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>Others</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Repnin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Repnin">Nikolai Repnin</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petrovich_Saltykov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Petrovich Saltykov">Ivan Petrovich Saltykov</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osip_Igelstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Osip Igelström">Osip Igelström</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Derfelden" title="Wilhelm Derfelden">Wilhelm Derfelden</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Tsitsianov" title="Pavel Tsitsianov">Pavel Tsitsianov</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tormasov" title="Alexander Tormasov">Alexander Tormasov</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valerian_Zubov" title="Valerian Zubov">Valerian Zubov</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Levin_August_von_Bennigsen" title="Levin August von Bennigsen">Levin August von Bennigsen</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Buxhoeveden" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden">Fyodor F. Buxhöwden</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fersen" title="Ivan Fersen">Ivan Fersen</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Friedrich Wilhelm</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281750-1801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_David_Ludwig_Graf_Yorck_von_Wartenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann David Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg">Johann Yorck</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 27,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4,080 (Only Russian troops)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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Szczekociny">Szczekociny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Che%C5%82m" title="Battle of Chełm">Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rajgr%C3%B3d_(1794)" title="Battle of Rajgród (1794)">Rajgród</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_B%C5%82onie_(1794)" title="Battle of Błonie (1794)">Błonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1794)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1794)">First Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salo%C4%8Diai_(1794)" title="Battle of Saločiai (1794)">Saločiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krupczyce" title="Battle of Krupczyce">Krupczyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Terespol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Terespol">Terespol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bydgoszcz" title="Battle of Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">Maciejowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koby%C5%82ka" title="Battle of Kobyłka">Kobyłka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">Praga</a> (Second Battle of Warsaw)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish–Russian_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Polish%E2%80%93Russian_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Polish–Russian Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Polish%E2%80%93Russian_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Polish–Russian Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Polish%E2%80%93Russian_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Polish–Russian Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish–Russian_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Russia" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia"><span class="wrap">Polish–Russian Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><b>Kievan Rus<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></b></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great%27s_Polish_Campaign" title="Vladimir the Great's Polish Campaign">981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_the_Wise%27s_attack_on_Brest" title="Yaroslav the Wise's attack on Brest">1022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I%27s_intervention_in_the_Kievan_succession_crisis" title="Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis">1018</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Kiev_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Kiev rebellion">2nd Kiev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Piast_dynasty#Capture_of_Bełz_by_Kievan_Rus'_(1030)" title="Crisis of the Piast dynasty">1030–1031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Bold%27s_expedition_to_Kiev_(1069%E2%80%931071)" title="Bolesław II the Bold's expedition to Kiev (1069–1071)">1069–1071</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenian-Cuman_raid_on_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenian-Cuman raid on Poland (page does not exist)">1092</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Ruthenian_war_(1121%E2%80%941124)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Ruthenian war (1121—1124) (page does not exist)">1121–1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_raid_on_Poland_(1135)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenian raid on Poland (1135)">1135</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fights_between_Duchy_of_Masovia_and_Rus%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fights between Duchy of Masovia and Rus' (page does not exist)">1139–1142</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Vasylko%27s_fight_for_Brest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince Vasylko's fight for Brest (page does not exist)">1180</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><b>Tsardom of Russia</b></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite/Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1487%E2%80%931494)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1487–1494)">1487–1494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinski_rebellion" title="Glinski rebellion">1508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1512-1522)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512-1522)">1512–1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">1558-1583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">1605–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">1632-1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">1654–1667</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><b>Russian Empire</b></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">1733–1735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bar_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Bar Confederation">1768–1772</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">1792</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">1806–1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">1830-1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">1863-1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">1914–1918</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><b>Soviet Union</b></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_westward_offensive_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919">1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish-Soviet_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Soviet War">1919–1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">1939</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish–German_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_German%E2%80%93Polish_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox German–Polish Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Campaignbox_German%E2%80%93Polish_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Campaignbox German–Polish Wars (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_German%E2%80%93Polish_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox German–Polish Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish–German_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93German_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–German Wars"><span class="wrap">Polish–German Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Holy Roman Empire</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_I%27s_raid_on_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto I's raid on Poland (page does not exist)">963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_between_Mieszko_I_and_Wichmann" title="Battle between Mieszko I and Wichmann">967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia" title="Battle of Cedynia">972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II%27s_raid_on_Poland" title="Otto II's raid on Poland">979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1003%E2%80%931018)" title="German–Polish War (1003–1018)">1003–1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1028%E2%80%931031)" title="German–Polish War (1028–1031)">1028–1031</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_War_between_Solomon_and_Geza_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil War between Solomon and Geza I (page does not exist)">1074</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V%27s_expedition_to_Poland" title="Henry V's expedition to Poland">1109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-German_War_(1146)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-German War (1146) (page does not exist)">1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I%27s_expedition_to_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Frederick I's expedition to Głogów">1157</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_I_Barbarossa%27s_raid_on_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick I Barbarossa's raid on Poland (page does not exist)">1184</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Brandenburg</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Przemys%C5%82_I%27s_fight_against_Brandenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Przemysł I's fight against Brandenburg (page does not exist)">1247–1252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Brandenburgian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Brandenburgian War (page does not exist)">1265–1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_war_in_Pomerelia" title="Civil war in Pomerelia">1269–1272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgian_raid_on_Rogo%C5%BAno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgian raid on Rogoźno (page does not exist)">1296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_Albert%27s_Rebellion" title="Mayor Albert's Rebellion">1311–1312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Brandenburgian_fights_in_Greater_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Brandenburgian fights in Greater Poland (page does not exist)">1316</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish-Brandenburgian_fights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish-Brandenburgian fights (page does not exist)">1326–1329</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgian_raid_on_Santok_and_Drezdenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgian raid on Santok and Drezdenko (page does not exist)">1370</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_Succession_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War of Succession of Głogów (page does not exist)">1476–1482</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War#Brandenburgian-Swedish_alliance_and_Russia's_war_on_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">1656–1657</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_Wars" title="Polish–Teutonic Wars">Teutonic Order</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_takeover_of_Danzig_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)">1308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">1326–1332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">1409–1411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">1414</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1419)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1419) (page does not exist)">1419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golub_War" title="Golub War">1422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">1431–1435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">1454–1466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">1467–1479</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">1519–1521</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Prussia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">1733–1735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">1792–1797</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">1806–1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">1813–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1846)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1846)">1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Uprising_(1848)" title="Greater Poland Uprising (1848)">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_East_(1914%E2%80%931920)" title="Polish Armed Forces in the East (1914–1920)">1914–1918</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Weimar Republic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Vilnius_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Battles for Vilnius (1918–1919)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">1919–1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_customs_war" title="German–Polish customs war">1919–1934</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Nazi Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">1939–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">1943–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">1944–1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg/220px-Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg/330px-Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg/440px-Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a> taking the oath, 24th March 1794 </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/220px-Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/330px-Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/440px-Jan_Matejko_-_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_at_Rac%C5%82awice_-_MNK_II-a-151_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2018" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rac%C5%82awice" title="Battle of Racławice">Battle of Racławice</a>", <a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a>, oil on canvas, 1888, National Museum in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. 4 April 1794</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stachowicz,_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Stachowicz%2C_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg/220px-Stachowicz%2C_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Stachowicz%2C_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg/330px-Stachowicz%2C_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Stachowicz%2C_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg/440px-Stachowicz%2C_Bitwa_pod_Szczekocinami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Szczekociny" title="Battle of Szczekociny">Battle of Szczekociny</a>, 1794 by <a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Stachowicz" title="Michał Stachowicz">Michał Stachowicz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png/220px-Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png/330px-Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png/440px-Norblin_Hanging_of_traitors_in_effigie.png 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1778" /></a><figcaption>Hanging traitors in effigie, painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pierre_Norblin_de_la_Gourdaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Pierre Norblin de la Gourdaine">Jean Pierre Norblin de la Gourdaine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maciejowice.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Maciejowice.JPG/300px-Maciejowice.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Maciejowice.JPG/450px-Maciejowice.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Maciejowice.JPG/600px-Maciejowice.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Kościuszko</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">Maciejowice</a> 1794, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Bogumi%C5%82_Plersch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Bogumił Plersch (page does not exist)">Jan Bogumił Plersch</a>. Kościuszko was wounded and taken captive.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Kościuszko Uprising</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <b>Polish Uprising of 1794</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Second Polish War</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Polish Campaign of 1794</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <b>Polish Revolution of 1794</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an uprising against the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a><sup id="cite_ref-kościuszkowskie_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kościuszkowskie-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> influence on the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a> in Poland-Lithuania and the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_partition" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian partition">Prussian partition</a> in 1794. It was a failed attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland" title="Second Partition of Poland">Second Partition of Poland</a> (1793) and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Targowica_Confederation" title="Targowica Confederation">Targowica Confederation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_the_Commonwealth">Decline of the Commonwealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decline of the Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Magnates_of_Poland_and_Lithuania" title="Magnates of Poland and Lithuania">magnates of Poland and Lithuania</a> controlled the state – or rather, they managed to ensure that no reforms would be carried out that might weaken their privileged status (the "<a href="/wiki/Golden_Freedoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Freedoms">Golden Freedoms</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-Davies2005-254_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies2005-254-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the abuse of the <i><a href="/wiki/Liberum_veto" title="Liberum veto">liberum veto</a></i> rule which enabled any deputy to paralyze the <a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Sejm</a> (Commonwealth's parliament) proceedings, deputies bribed by magnates or foreign powers or those simply content to believe they were living in an unprecedented "Golden Age", paralysed the Commonwealth's government for over a century.<sup id="cite_ref-Carsten1961_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carsten1961-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-156_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-156-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of reforming the Commonwealth gained traction starting from the mid-17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Gierowski_60-63_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gierowski_60-63-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was, however, viewed with suspicion not only by its magnates but also by neighboring countries, which were content with the deterioration of the Commonwealth and abhorred the thought of a resurgent and democratic power on their borders.<sup id="cite_ref-JPL_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth Army</a> reduced to around 16,000, it was easy for its neighbors to intervene directly (The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> numbered 300,000; The <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Army_during_the_Napoleonic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial and Royal Army during the Napoleonic Wars">Imperial Austrian Army</a>, 200,000 each).<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1991_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1991-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempts_at_reform">Attempts at reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attempts at reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major opportunity for reform presented itself during the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Sejm" title="Great Sejm">Great Sejm</a>" of 1788–92. Poland's neighbors were preoccupied with wars and unable to intervene forcibly in Polish affairs. Russia and Austria were engaged in hostilities with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War, 1787–1792</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War, 1787–1791</a>); the Russians also found themselves simultaneously fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War, 1788–1790</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanford_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanford-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-176_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-176-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BideleuxJeffries1998_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BideleuxJeffries1998-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lukowski2010-226_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lukowski2010-226-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Prussian_alliance" title="Polish–Prussian alliance">A new alliance between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Prussia</a> seemed to provide security against Russian intervention, and on 3 May 1791 the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_3_May_1791" title="Constitution of 3 May 1791">new constitution</a> was read and adopted to overwhelming popular support.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanford_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanford-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wandycz_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wandycz-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-172-173_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-172-173-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the wars between <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1787-1792" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792">Turkey and Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III%27s_Russian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav III's Russian War">Sweden and Russia</a> having ended, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Empress Catherine</a> was furious over the adoption of the new constitution, which she believed threatened Russian influence in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-BideleuxJeffries1998_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BideleuxJeffries1998-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lukowski2010-226_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lukowski2010-226-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia had viewed Poland as a <i>de facto</i> protectorate.<sup id="cite_ref-luza84_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luza84-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The worst possible news has arrived from Warsaw: the Polish king has become almost sovereign" was the reaction of one of Russia's chief foreign policy authors, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bezborodko" title="Alexander Bezborodko">Alexander Bezborodko</a>, when he learned of the new constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer167_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer167-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prussia was also strongly opposed to the new constitution, and Polish diplomats received a note that the new constitution changed the Polish state so much that Prussia did not consider its obligations binding.<sup id="cite_ref-Łojek1986-325-326_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Łojek1986-325-326-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just like Russia, Prussia was concerned that the newly strengthened Polish state could become a threat and the Prussian foreign minister, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Schulenburg-Kehnert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Schulenburg-Kehnert (page does not exist)">Friedrich Wilhelm von Schulenburg-Kehnert</a>, clearly and with rare candor told the Poles that Prussia did not support the constitution and refused to help the Commonwealth in any form, even as a mediator, as it was not in Prussia's state interest to see the Commonwealth strengthened as it could threaten Prussia in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-Łojek1986-325-326_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Łojek1986-325-326-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prussian statesman <a href="/wiki/Ewald_von_Hertzberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewald von Hertzberg">Ewald von Hertzberg</a> expressed the fears of European conservatives: "The Poles have given the <i>coup de grâce</i> to the Prussian monarchy by voting a constitution", elaborating that a strong Commonwealth would likely demand the return of the lands Prussia acquired in the <a href="/wiki/First_Partition_of_Poland" title="First Partition of Poland">First Partition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer167_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer167-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-buffaloquote_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buffaloquote-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Partition_of_Poland">Second Partition of Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Partition of Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution was not adopted without dissent in the Commonwealth itself, either. Magnates who had opposed the constitution draft from the start, namely <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Branicki" title="Franciszek Ksawery Branicki">Franciszek Ksawery Branicki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Szcz%C4%99sny_Potocki" title="Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki">Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seweryn_Rzewuski" title="Seweryn Rzewuski">Seweryn Rzewuski</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Szymon_Marcin_Kossakowski" title="Szymon Marcin Kossakowski">Szymon</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kossakowski_(colonel)" title="Józef Kossakowski (colonel)">Józef Kossakowski</a>, asked Tsaritsa Catherine to intervene and restore their privileges such as the Russian-guaranteed <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Laws" title="Cardinal Laws">Cardinal Laws</a> abolished under the new statute.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To that end these magnates formed the <a href="/wiki/Targowica_Confederation" title="Targowica Confederation">Targowica Confederation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Confederation's proclamation, prepared in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> in January 1792, criticized the constitution for contributing to, in their own words, "contagion of democratic ideas" following "the fatal examples set in Paris".<sup id="cite_ref-Lord1915_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lord1915-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kopeček2006-282-284_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopeček2006-282-284-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It asserted that "The parliament ... has broken all fundamental laws, swept away all liberties of the <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> and on the third of May 1791 turned into a revolution and a conspiracy."<sup id="cite_ref-Kopeček2006-284-285_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopeček2006-284-285-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Confederates declared an intention to overcome this revolution. We "can do nothing but turn trustingly to Tsarina Catherine, a distinguished and fair empress, our neighboring friend and ally", who "respects the nation's need for well-being and always offers it a helping hand", they wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopeček2006-284-285_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopeček2006-284-285-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Confederates aligned with Catherine and asked her for military intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 May 1792 the Russian ambassador to Poland, <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Bulgakov" title="Yakov Bulgakov">Yakov Bulgakov</a>, delivered a declaration of war to Polish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Chreptowicz" title="Joachim Chreptowicz">Joachim Chreptowicz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nadzieja38-39_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nadzieja38-39-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian armies entered Poland and Lithuania on the same day, starting the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Polish–Russian War of 1792</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2011-222_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2011-222-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war ended without any decisive battles, with a capitulation signed by Polish King <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Stanisław August Poniatowski</a>, who hoped that a diplomatic compromise could be worked out.<sup id="cite_ref-Łojek1986-402_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Łojek1986-402-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King Poniatowski's hopes that the capitulation would allow an acceptable diplomatic solution to be worked out were soon dashed. With new deputies bribed or intimidated by the Russian troops, a new session of parliament, known as the <a href="/wiki/Grodno_Sejm" title="Grodno Sejm">Grodno Sejm</a>, took place, in fall 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-186-187_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-186-187-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 November 1793, it concluded its deliberations under duress, annulling the constitution and acceding to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland" title="Second Partition of Poland">Second Partition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies2005-254_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies2005-254-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pickus2001_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pickus2001-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia took 250,000 square kilometres (97,000 sq mi), while Prussia took 58,000 square kilometres (22,000 sq mi) of the Commonwealth's territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-186-187_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-186-187-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event reduced Poland's population to only one-third of what it was before the <a href="/wiki/First_Partition_of_Poland" title="First Partition of Poland">partitions began in 1772</a>. The rump state was garrisoned by Russian troops and its independence was strongly curtailed.<sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kopeček2006-282-284_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopeček2006-282-284-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jędruch1982-186-187_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jędruch1982-186-187-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such an outcome was a giant blow for the members of the <a href="/wiki/Targowica_Confederation" title="Targowica Confederation">Targowica Confederation</a>, who saw their actions as a defense of the centuries-old privileges of the magnates, but now were regarded by the majority of the Polish population as <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">traitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growing_unrest">Growing unrest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Growing unrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Polish military was widely dissatisfied with the capitulation, most commanders considering it premature; <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a>, Prince <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a> and many others would criticize the king's decision and many, including Kościuszko, resigned their commission shortly afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2011-232-233_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2011-232-233-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Commonwealth defeat in that war and the rescinding of the Constitution, the Army was reduced to about 36,000. In 1794 Russians demanded a further downsizing of the army to 15,000. The dissent in the Polish Army was one of the sparks that would lead to the coming conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadzieja55_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadzieja55-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The King's capitulation was a hard blow for Kościuszko, who had not lost a single battle in the campaign. By mid September he was resigned to leave the country, and he departed Warsaw in early October.<sup id="cite_ref-psb433_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb433-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kościuszko settled in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, where many other notable Polish commanders and politicians formed an émigrée community.<sup id="cite_ref-psb433_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb433-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon he and some others began preparing an uprising against Russian rule in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-psb434_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb434-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The politicians, grouped around <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Potocki" title="Ignacy Potocki">Ignacy Potocki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Hugo Kołłątaj</a>, sought contacts with similar opposition groups formed in Poland and by spring 1793 had been joined by other politicians and revolutionaries, including <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Dzia%C5%82y%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Działyński">Ignacy Działyński</a>. While Kołłątaj and others had begun planning for the uprising before meeting Kościuszko, his support was a major boon for them, as he was, at that time, among the most popular individuals in the entire Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2011-238_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2011-238-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1793 Kościuszko returned to Leipzig where he was met with demands to start planning for the uprising; however, he was worried that an uprising would have little chance against the three partitioners.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski2011-245_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski2011-245-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September he would clandestinely cross the Polish border to conduct personal observations, and to meet some sympathetic high-ranking officers in the remaining Polish Army, including general <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_Wodzicki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Józef Wodzicki (page does not exist)">Józef Wodzicki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-psb434_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb434-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preparations in Poland were slow and he decided to postpone the outbreak, and left for Italy, planning to return in February.<sup id="cite_ref-psb434_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb434-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the situation in Poland was changing rapidly. The Russian and Prussian governments forced Poland to again disband the majority of her armed forces and the reduced units were to be drafted into the Russian army.<sup id="cite_ref-psb434_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb434-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, in March the tsarist agents discovered the group of revolutionaries in Warsaw and started arresting notable Polish politicians and military commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-psb434_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb434-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kościuszko was forced to execute his plan earlier than expected, and on 15 March 1794 he set off for <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-psb434_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psb434-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 March 1794, General <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Madali%C5%84ski" title="Antoni Madaliński">Antoni Madaliński</a>, the commander of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Polish_National_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Polish National Cavalry">1st Greater Polish National Cavalry Brigade</a> (1,500 men) decided to disobey the order to demobilise, advancing his troops from <a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a> to <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181">: 181 </span></sup> This sparked an outbreak of riots against Russian forces throughout the country. The Russian garrison of Kraków was ordered to leave the city and confront Madalinski, which left Kraków completely undefended, but also foiled Kosciuszko's plan to seize their weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181">: 181 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uprising">Uprising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg/220px-Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg/330px-Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg/440px-Polish-Lithuanian_soldiers_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Polish soldiers of the Uprising</figcaption></figure> <p>On 24 March 1794, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a>, a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko%27s_proclamation" title="Kościuszko's proclamation">announced the general uprising</a> in a speech in the Kraków town square and assumed the powers of the Commander in Chief of all of the Polish forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 180–181">: 180–181 </span></sup> He also vowed </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>not to use these powers to oppress any person, but to defend the integrity of the borders of Poland, regain the independence of the nation, and to strengthen universal liberties.</p></blockquote><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In order to strengthen the Polish forces, Kościuszko issued an act of mobilisation, requiring that every 5 houses in <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a> delegate at least one able male soldier equipped with <i><a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">pike</a>, or an <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a></i>. Kościuszko's Commission for Order in Kraków recruited all males between 18 and 28 years of age and passed an income tax.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 184">: 184 </span></sup> The difficulties with providing enough armament for the mobilised troops made Kościuszko form large units composed of peasants armed with <a href="/wiki/Scythe" title="Scythe">scythes</a>, called the "scythemen".<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 184">: 184 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG/150px-Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG/225px-Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG/300px-Akt_powstania_ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskiego_24_marca_1794.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Act of Kościuszko Uprising, 24 March 1794</figcaption></figure> <p>To destroy the still weak opposition, Russian Empress <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> ordered the corps of Major General Fiodor Denisov to attack Kraków.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 184">: 184 </span></sup> On 4 April both armies met near the village of <a href="/wiki/Rac%C5%82awice" title="Racławice">Racławice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 185">: 185 </span></sup> In what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rac%C5%82awice" title="Battle of Racławice">Battle of Racławice</a> Kościuszko's forces defeated the technically superior opponent. After the bloody battle the Russian forces withdrew from the battlefield. Kościuszko's forces were too weak to start a successful pursuit and wipe the Russian forces out of Lesser Poland. Although the strategic importance of the victory was close to none, the news of the victory spread fast and soon other parts of Poland joined the ranks of the revolutionaries. By early April the Polish forces concentrated in the lands of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, ready to be sent to Russia, joined the ranks of Kościuszko's forces. </p><p>On 17 April in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, the Russian attempt to arrest those suspected of supporting the insurrection<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to disarm the weak Polish garrison of Warsaw under Gen. <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Mokronowski" title="Stanisław Mokronowski">Stanisław Mokronowski</a> by seizing the <a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">arsenal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Miodowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Miodowa">Miodowa</a> Street<sup id="cite_ref-Reszka_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reszka-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulted in an <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794)" title="Warsaw Uprising (1794)">uprising against the Russian garrison of Warsaw</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kili%C5%84ski" title="Jan Kiliński">Jan Kiliński</a>, in the face of indecisiveness of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_II_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanisław II Augustus">Stanisław II Augustus</a>. The insurgents were aided by the incompetence of Russian ambassador and commander, <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Igelstr%C3%B6m" title="Iosif Igelström">Iosif Igelström</a>, and the chosen day being the Thursday of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> when many soldiers of the Russian garrison went to the churches for the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> not carrying their arms.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, from the onset of the insurrection, the Polish forces were aided by the civilian population and had surprise on their side as they attacked many separate groups of soldiers at the same time and the resistance to Russian forces quickly spread over the city. After two days of heavy fighting the Russians, who suffered between 2,000 and 4,000 casualties out of an initial 5,000 strong garrison, were forced to leave the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> A similar uprising was started by <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Jasi%C5%84ski" title="Jakub Jasiński">Jakub Jasiński</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Uprising_(1794)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilnius Uprising (1794)">Vilnius</a> on 23 April and soon other cities and towns followed.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> </p><p>On 7 May 1794, Kościuszko issued an act that became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Po%C5%82aniec" title="Proclamation of Połaniec">Proclamation of Połaniec</a>", in which he partially abolished <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a> in Poland, granted <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil liberty">civil liberty</a> to all peasants and provided them with state help against abuses by the nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 190">: 190 </span></sup> Although the new law never fully came into being and was boycotted by much of the nobility, it also attracted many peasants to the ranks of the revolutionaries. It was the first time in Polish history that the peasants were officially regarded as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a></i>, the word being previously equivalent to <i>nobility</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG/200px-Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG/300px-Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG/400px-Banner_of_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="2331" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Polish <a href="/wiki/2nd_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadier_Regiment" title="2nd Kraków Grenadier Regiment">peasant grenadier soldiers in Kraków</a> with the words "<a href="/wiki/They_Feed_and_Defend" title="They Feed and Defend">They Feed and Defend</a>"</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_(1794_First_Issue).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="50 Zlotych, first issue of 1794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg/100px-POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg/150px-POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg/200px-POL-A4-Bilet_Skarbowy-50_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3306" data-file-height="6028" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_(1794_First_Issue).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="100 Zlotych, first issue of 1794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg/100px-POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg/150px-POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg/200px-POL-A5-Bilet_Skarbowy-100_Zlotych_%281794_First_Issue%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3251" data-file-height="5919" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> first issued złotych banknotes on 8 June 1794 under the authority of <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a>. The 50 and 100 złotych are depicted above.</div></div></div></div> <p>Despite the promise of reforms and quick recruitment of new forces, the strategic situation of the Polish forces, which consisted of 6,000 peasants, cavalry, and 9,000 soldiers, was still critical.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 194">: 194 </span></sup> On 10 May the forces of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> (17,500 soldiers under General Francis Favrat), crossed the Polish borders and joined the 9,000 Russian soldiers operating in northern Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 194">: 194 </span></sup> On 6 June Kościuszko was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Szczekociny" title="Battle of Szczekociny">Battle of Szczekociny</a> by a joint Russo-Prussian force and on 8 June General <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Zaj%C4%85czek" title="Józef Zajączek">Józef Zajączek</a> was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Che%C5%82m" title="Battle of Chełm">Battle of Chełm</a>. Polish forces withdrew towards Warsaw and started to fortify the city under directions from Kosciuszko and his 16,000 soldiers, 18,000 peasants and 15,000 burghers.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 197">: 197 </span></sup> On 15 June the Prussian army captured Kraków unopposed.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 195">: 195 </span></sup> Warsaw was <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieged</a> by 41,000 Russians under General <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fersen" title="Ivan Fersen">Ivan Fersen</a> and 25,000 Prussians under King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Frederick William II of Prussia</a> on 13 July.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 197">: 197 </span></sup> On 20 August, an uprising in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a> started and the Prussians were forced to withdraw their forces from Warsaw. The siege was lifted by 6 September when the Prussians and Russians had both withdrawn their troops.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 200">: 200 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG/220px-Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG/330px-Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG/440px-Polish_Krak%C3%B3w_Grenadiers_1794.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2227" data-file-height="2712" /></a><figcaption>Polish Grenadiers in peasant costumes, Kraków 1794</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the opposition in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> was crushed by Russian forces (<a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Uprising_(1794)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilnius Uprising (1794)">Vilnius was besieged and capitulated on 12 August</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1794)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1794)">uprising in Greater Poland</a> achieved some success. A Polish corps under <a href="/wiki/Jan_Henryk_D%C4%85browski" title="Jan Henryk Dąbrowski">Jan Henryk Dąbrowski</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a> (2 October) and entered <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> almost unopposed. Thanks to the mobility of his forces, General Dąbrowski evaded being encircled by a much less mobile Prussian army and disrupted the Prussian lines, forcing the Prussians to withdraw most of their forces from central Poland. However, the Poles did not stay long in Prussian territories, and soon retreated to Central Poland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the Russians equipped a new corps commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Suvorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Suvorov">Aleksandr Suvorov</a> and ordered it to join up with the corps under Ivan Fersen near Warsaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 204">: 204 </span></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krupczyce" title="Battle of Krupczyce">Battle of Krupczyce</a> (17 September) and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Terespol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Terespol">Battle of Terespol</a> (19 September), the new army started its march towards Warsaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 205">: 205 </span></sup> Trying to prevent both Russian armies from joining up, Kościuszko mobilised two regiments from Warsaw and with General Sierakowski's 5,000 soldiers, engaged Fersen's force of 14,000 on 10 October in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">Battle of Maciejowice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 205–207">: 205–207 </span></sup> Kościuszko was wounded in the battle and was captured by the Russians, who sent him to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 209">: 209 </span></sup> </p><p>The new commander of the uprising, <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Wawrzecki" title="Tomasz Wawrzecki">Tomasz Wawrzecki</a>, could not control the spreading internal struggles for power and ultimately became only the commander of weakened military forces, while the political power was held by General <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Zaj%C4%85czek" title="Józef Zajączek">Józef Zajączek</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 210">: 210 </span></sup> who in turn had to struggle with both the leftist liberal <a href="/wiki/Polish_Jacobins" title="Polish Jacobins">Polish Jacobins</a> and the rightist and monarchical nobility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Suvorov's troops grew angry due to resistance and also due to tales of atrocities committed against Russian troops in the spring, leading to Suvorov's army to commit to an assault.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 November, the joint Russian forces started the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">Battle of Praga</a>, after the name of the right-bank suburb of Warsaw where it took place. After four hours of brutal hand-to-hand fighting, the 22,000-strong Russian forces broke through the Polish defences and Suvorov allowed his Cossacks to loot and burn Warsaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 210">: 210 </span></sup> By one Russian estimate, approximately 20,000 were murdered in the Praga massacre;<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 211">: 211 </span></sup> the number includes both military personnel and civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zajaczek fled wounded, abandoning the Polish army.<sup id="cite_ref-Storozynski_52-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 195">: 195 </span></sup> </p><p>On 16 November, near <a href="/wiki/Radoszyce,_Subcarpathian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Radoszyce, Subcarpathian Voivodeship">Radoszyce</a>, Wawrzecki surrendered. This marked the end of the uprising. The power of Poland was broken and the following year the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">third partition of Poland</a> took place, after which <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, Russia and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> annexed the remainder of the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The uprising was bloodily suppressed, the Polish rebels lost 27,000 and the Russians 4,080.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the failure of the Kościuszko Uprising, Poland ceased to exist for 123 years,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all of its institutions were gradually banned by the partitioning powers. However, the uprising also marked the start of modern political thought in Poland and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>. Kościuszko's <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Po%C5%82aniec" title="Proclamation of Połaniec">Proclamation of Połaniec</a> and the radical leftist <a href="/wiki/Polish_Jacobins" title="Polish Jacobins">Jacobins</a> started the Polish leftist movement. Many prominent Polish politicians who were active during the uprising became the backbone of Polish politics, both at home and abroad, in the 19th century. Also, Prussia had much of its forces tied up in Poland and could not field enough forces to suppress the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolution</a>, which added to its success and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">briefly restored a Polish state</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the lands of partitioned Poland, the failure of the uprising meant economic catastrophe, as centuries-old economic <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">markets</a> became divided and separated from each other, resulting in the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banks</a> fell and some of the few manufacturing centres established in the Commonwealth were closed. Reforms made by the reformers and Kosciuszko, aimed at easing serfdom, were revoked. All the partitioning powers heavily taxed their newly acquired lands, filling their treasuries at the expense of the local population.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The schooling system was also degraded as the schools in those territories were given low priority. The <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_National_Education" title="Commission of National Education">Commission of National Education</a>, the world's first Ministry of Education, was abolished, because the absolutist governments of the partitioning powers saw no gain in investing in education in the territories inhabited by restless Polish minorities. The creation of educational institutions in the partitions became very difficult. For example, an attempt to create a university in Warsaw was opposed by the Prussian authorities. Further, in the German and Russian partitions, all remaining centers of learning were subject to <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a>; only in territories acquired by Austria was there relatively little governmental intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curriculum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rad_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rad-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to S. I. Nikołajew, from the cultural point of view the partitions may have given a step forward towards the development of national <a href="/wiki/Polish_literature" title="Polish literature">Polish literature</a> and arts, since the inhabitants of partitioned lands could acquire the cultural developments of <a href="/wiki/German_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="German Enlightenment">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Enlightenment" title="Russian Enlightenment">Russian Enlightenment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conditions for the former Polish elite were particularly harsh in Russian partition. Thousands of Polish <i>szlachta</i> families who supported Kościuszo's uprising were stripped of their possessions and estates, which were awarded to Russian generals and favourites of the St. Petersburg court. It is estimated that 650,000 former Polish serfs were transferred to Russian officials in this manner.<sup id="cite_ref-Rad_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rad-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some among the nobility, especially in Lithuanian and <a href="/wiki/Ruthenia" title="Ruthenia">Ruthenian</a> regions of the former Commonwealth, were expelled to southern Russia, where they were subject to Russification. Other nobles were denied their nobility status by Russian authorities, which meant loss of legal privileges and <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a>, significantly limiting any possibility of a career in administration or the military - the traditional career paths of Polish nobles. It also meant that they could not own any land, another blow to their former noble status. But for <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox Christian</a> peasants of <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, the partition may have brought the decline of religious oppression by their formal lords, followers of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-catholicoppression_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholicoppression-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Orthodox Christians were only a small minority in Eastern Belarus at that time; the prevailing majority of the country's population was <a href="/wiki/Uniate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniate">Eastern rite Catholics</a>. Peasants were <a href="/wiki/Flogging" class="mw-redirect" title="Flogging">flogged</a> just for mentioning the name of Kościuszko and his idea of abolishing <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Platon_Zubov" title="Platon Zubov">Platon Zubov</a>, who was awarded estates in Lithuania, was especially infamous, as he personally tortured to death many peasants who complained about worsening conditions. Besides this, the Russian authorities conducted heavy recruiting for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Russian army</a> among the population, which meant a practically lifelong service.<sup id="cite_ref-Rad_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rad-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the conditions of serfdom in former Poland due to the exploitation by nobility and <a href="/wiki/Arendator" title="Arendator">arendators</a> were already severe, discussion exists on how partitions influenced the life of common people.<sup id="cite_ref-serfdom_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serfdom-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_battles">List of battles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of battles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rac%C5%82awice" title="Battle of Racławice">Battle of Racławice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794)" title="Warsaw Uprising (1794)">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_uprising_(1794)" title="Vilnius uprising (1794)">Vilnius Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Niemenczyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Niemenczyn (page does not exist)">Battle of Niemenczyn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Niemenczynem" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Niemenczynem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Polany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Polany (page does not exist)">Battle of Polany</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Polanami" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Polanami">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lipniszki" title="Battle of Lipniszki">Battle of Lipniszki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Szczekociny" title="Battle of Szczekociny">Battle of Szczekociny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Che%C5%82m" title="Battle of Chełm">Battle of Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_So%C5%82y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Soły (page does not exist)">Battle of Soły</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_So%C5%82ami" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Sołami">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Courland_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Courland Uprising (page does not exist)">Courland Uprising</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powstanie_kurlandzkie" class="extiw" title="pl:Powstanie kurlandzkie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Go%C5%82k%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gołków (page does not exist)">Battle of Gołków</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Go%C5%82kowem" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Gołkowem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Raszyn_(1794)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Raszyn (1794) (page does not exist)">Battle of Raszyn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Raszynem_(1794)" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Raszynem (1794)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kolno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kolno (page does not exist)">Battle of Kolno</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Kolnem" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Kolnem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_B%C5%82onie_(1794)" title="Battle of Błonie (1794)">Battle of Błonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rajgr%C3%B3d_(1794)" title="Battle of Rajgród (1794)">Battle of Rajgród</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1794)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1794)">Siege of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Sa%C5%82aty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Sałaty (page does not exist)">Battle of Sałaty</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Sa%C5%82atami" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Sałatami">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_S%C5%82onim_(1794)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Słonim (1794) (page does not exist)">Battle of Słonim</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_S%C5%82onimem_(1794)" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Słonimem (1794)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Luba%C5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lubań (page does not exist)">Battle of Lubań</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Lubaniem" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Lubaniem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krupczyce" title="Battle of Krupczyce">Battle of Krupczyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1794)" title="Battle of Brest (1794)">Battle of Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1794)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1794)">Greater Poland Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_%C5%81abiszyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Łabiszyn (page does not exist)">Battle of Łabiszyn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_%C5%81abiszynem" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Łabiszynem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bydgoszcz" title="Battle of Bydgoszcz">Battle of Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">Battle of Maciejowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koby%C5%82ka" title="Battle of Kobyłka">Battle of Kobyłka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">Battle of Praga</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Council" title="Supreme National Council">Supreme National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Uprisings" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Uprisings">Polish Uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">Battle of Praga</a></li> <li>the painting <i><a href="/wiki/Rac%C5%82awice_Panorama" title="Racławice Panorama">Racławice Panorama</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They did not participate in active hostilities.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_Uprising_(1794)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland Uprising (1794)">Greater Poland Uprising (1794)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He served as the Supreme Head of the National Armed Forces (dictator of the uprising) from the outbreak of the uprising until 12 October 1794, '<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>' until 10 October 1794, when he was captured during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">battle of Maciejowice</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He assumed the position of Supreme Chief National Armed Forces (dictator of the uprising) on October 12th 1794 after the capture of Tadeusz Kościuszko after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maciejowice" title="Battle of Maciejowice">battle of Maciejowice</a>, when the Supreme National Council proclaimed him the head of the uprising</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General <i>en chef</i> of Russian troops on <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, head of the entire action against the uprising from May 3, 1794</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General <i>en chef</i> of Russian troops in Ukraine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General <i>en chef</i> of Russian troops in <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Polish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of the Polish Kingdom">Crown</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i>insurekcja kościuszkowska</i>, <i>powstanie kościuszkowskie</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Восстание Костюшко</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Kościuszko-Aufstand</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i>rewolucja polska 1794 roku</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Польское восстание 1794</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Вторая польская война</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Польская кампания 1794 года</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i>Польская революция 1794 года</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanisław Herbst, <i>From the Military History of the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794</i>, Warsaw 1983, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigenc.ru/text/3177443">Польское восстание 1794</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> // <a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Encyclopedia" title="Great Russian Encyclopedia">Большая российская энциклопедия</a> : [в 35 т.] / гл. ред. <a href="/wiki/Yury_Osipov" title="Yury Osipov">Ю. С. Осипов</a>. – М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004–2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Вторая польская война 1795 года // <i>Керсновский А. А.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ntoCwAAQBAJ&dq=">История Русской армии</a>. – М. : Директ-Медиа, 2014. – С. 151–155. – 1215 с. – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-4475-1048-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-4475-1048-0">978-5-4475-1048-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ставраков, Семен Христофорович // Russian Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 19 (1909): "Смеловский – Суворина", pp. 309–310</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrushevsky1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petrushevsky, Alexander (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libgen_00294790/page/n51/mode/2up"><i>Generalissimo Prince Suvorov</i></a> (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1st ed.). St. Petersburg: Типография М. М. Стасюлевича. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generalissimo+Prince+Suvorov&rft.place=St.+Petersburg&rft.pages=45&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C.+%D0%9C.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Petrushevsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibgen_00294790%2Fpage%2Fn51%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kościuszkowskie-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kościuszkowskie_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartłomiej_Szyndler1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bartłomiej Szyndler (1994). <i>Powstanie kościuszkowskie</i> (in Polish) (1994 ed.). Wydawn. Ancher. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85576-10-X" title="Special:BookSources/83-85576-10-X"><bdi>83-85576-10-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powstanie+ko%C5%9Bciuszkowskie&rft.pages=455&rft.edition=1994&rft.pub=Wydawn.+Ancher&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=83-85576-10-X&rft.au=Bart%C5%82omiej+Szyndler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies2005-254-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies2005-254_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies2005-254_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Davies2005" class="citation book cs1">Norman Davies (March 30, 2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0"><i>God's Playground: The origins to 1795</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0/page/254">254</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12817-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12817-9"><bdi>978-0-231-12817-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground%3A+The+origins+to+1795&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12817-9&rft.au=Norman+Davies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodsplaygroundhi00norm_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carsten1961-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carsten1961_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Ludwig_Carsten1961" class="citation book cs1">Francis Ludwig Carsten (January 1, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FzQ9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA562"><i>The new Cambridge modern history: The ascendancy of France, 1648–88</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 561–562. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-04544-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-04544-5"><bdi>978-0-521-04544-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Cambridge+modern+history%3A+The+ascendancy+of+France%2C+1648%E2%80%9388&rft.pages=561-562&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1961-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-521-04544-5&rft.au=Francis+Ludwig+Carsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFzQ9AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jędruch1982-156-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-156_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacek_Jędruch1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacek_J%C4%99druch" title="Jacek Jędruch">Jacek Jędruch</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rmx8QgAACAAJ"><i>Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history</i></a>. EJJ Books. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4"><bdi>978-0-7818-0637-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions%2C+elections%2C+and+legislatures+of+Poland%2C+1493%E2%80%931977%3A+a+guide+to+their+history&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=EJJ+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0637-4&rft.au=Jacek+J%C4%99druch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmx8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gierowski_60-63-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gierowski_60-63_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJózef_Andrzej_Gierowski1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Andrzej_Gierowski" title="Józef Andrzej Gierowski">Józef Andrzej Gierowski</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UK1AAAAIAAJ"><i>Historia Polski, 1764–1864</i></a> [<i>History of Poland, 1764–1864</i>] (in Polish). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. pp. 60–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-01-03732-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-01-03732-1"><bdi>978-83-01-03732-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+Polski%2C+1764%E2%80%931864&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=60-63&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Naukowe&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-83-01-03732-1&rft.au=J%C3%B3zef+Andrzej+Gierowski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7UK1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPL-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JPL_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_P._LeDonne1997" class="citation book cs1">John P. LeDonne (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6ks6FSAMacC&pg=PA41"><i>The Russian empire and the world, 1700–1917: the geopolitics of expansion and containment</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510927-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510927-6"><bdi>978-0-19-510927-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+empire+and+the+world%2C+1700%E2%80%931917%3A+the+geopolitics+of+expansion+and+containment&rft.pages=41-42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510927-6&rft.au=John+P.+LeDonne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6ks6FSAMacC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer1991-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1991_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrzysztof_Bauer1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krzysztof Bauer (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WLNGAAAAIAAJ"><i>Uchwalenie i obrona Konstytucji 3 Maja</i></a> [<i>Passing and defense of the Constitution of May 3</i>] (in Polish). Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-02-04615-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-02-04615-5"><bdi>978-83-02-04615-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uchwalenie+i+obrona+Konstytucji+3+Maja&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Wydawnictwa+Szkolne+i+Pedagogiczne&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-83-02-04615-5&rft.au=Krzysztof+Bauer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWLNGAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanford-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanford_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanford_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Sanford2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Sanford_(political_scientist)" title="George Sanford (political scientist)">George Sanford</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tOaXi0hX1RAC&pg=PA11"><i>Democratic government in Poland: constitutional politics since 1989</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 11–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-77475-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-77475-5"><bdi>978-0-333-77475-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+government+in+Poland%3A+constitutional+politics+since+1989&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-333-77475-5&rft.au=George+Sanford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtOaXi0hX1RAC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jędruch1982-176-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-176_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacek_Jędruch1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacek_J%C4%99druch" title="Jacek Jędruch">Jacek Jędruch</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rmx8QgAACAAJ"><i>Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history</i></a>. EJJ Books. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4"><bdi>978-0-7818-0637-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions%2C+elections%2C+and+legislatures+of+Poland%2C+1493%E2%80%931977%3A+a+guide+to+their+history&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=EJJ+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0637-4&rft.au=Jacek+J%C4%99druch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmx8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BideleuxJeffries1998-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BideleuxJeffries1998_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BideleuxJeffries1998_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_BideleuxIan_Jeffries1998" class="citation book cs1">Robert Bideleux; Ian Jeffries (January 28, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Eh9KQTrOckC&pg=PA160"><i>A history of eastern Europe: crisis and change</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16111-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-16111-4"><bdi>978-0-415-16111-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+eastern+Europe%3A+crisis+and+change&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1998-01-28&rft.isbn=978-0-415-16111-4&rft.au=Robert+Bideleux&rft.au=Ian+Jeffries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Eh9KQTrOckC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lukowski2010-226-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lukowski2010-226_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lukowski2010-226_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Lukowski2010" class="citation book cs1">Jerzy Lukowski (August 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAgRHvulnnUC&pg=PA226"><i>Disorderly liberty: the political culture of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century</i></a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4812-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4812-4"><bdi>978-1-4411-4812-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disorderly+liberty%3A+the+political+culture+of+the+Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian+Commonwealth+in+the+eighteenth+century&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-4812-4&rft.au=Jerzy+Lukowski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAgRHvulnnUC%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wandycz-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wandycz_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiotr_Stefan_Wandycz2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Stefan_Wandycz" class="mw-redirect" title="Piotr Stefan Wandycz">Piotr Stefan Wandycz</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m5plR3x6jLAC&pg=PA128"><i>The price of freedom: a history of East Central Europe from the Middle Ages to the present</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25491-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25491-5"><bdi>978-0-415-25491-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+price+of+freedom%3A+a+history+of+East+Central+Europe+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+present&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25491-5&rft.au=Piotr+Stefan+Wandycz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm5plR3x6jLAC%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jędruch1982-172-173-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-172-173_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacek_Jędruch1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacek_J%C4%99druch" title="Jacek Jędruch">Jacek Jędruch</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rmx8QgAACAAJ"><i>Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history</i></a>. EJJ Books. pp. 172–173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4"><bdi>978-0-7818-0637-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions%2C+elections%2C+and+legislatures+of+Poland%2C+1493%E2%80%931977%3A+a+guide+to+their+history&rft.pages=172-173&rft.pub=EJJ+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0637-4&rft.au=Jacek+J%C4%99druch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmx8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jędruch1982-184-185-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jędruch1982-184-185_31-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacek_Jędruch1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacek_J%C4%99druch" title="Jacek Jędruch">Jacek Jędruch</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rmx8QgAACAAJ"><i>Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history</i></a>. EJJ Books. pp. 184–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0637-4"><bdi>978-0-7818-0637-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions%2C+elections%2C+and+legislatures+of+Poland%2C+1493%E2%80%931977%3A+a+guide+to+their+history&rft.pages=184-185&rft.pub=EJJ+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0637-4&rft.au=Jacek+J%C4%99druch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmx8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schroeder-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schroeder_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_W._Schroeder1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Schroeder" title="Paul W. Schroeder">Paul W. Schroeder</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BS2z3iGPCigC&pg=PA84"><i>The transformation of European politics, 1763–1848</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820654-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820654-5"><bdi>978-0-19-820654-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+transformation+of+European+politics%2C+1763%E2%80%931848&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-820654-5&rft.au=Paul+W.+Schroeder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBS2z3iGPCigC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-luza84-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-luza84_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_LukowskiHubert_Zawadzki2001" class="citation book cs1">Jerzy Lukowski; Hubert Zawadzki (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NpMxTvBuWHYC&pg=PA84"><i>A concise history of Poland</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55917-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55917-1"><bdi>978-0-521-55917-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+history+of+Poland&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55917-1&rft.au=Jerzy+Lukowski&rft.au=Hubert+Zawadzki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNpMxTvBuWHYC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer167-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer167_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer167_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrzysztof_Bauer1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krzysztof Bauer (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WLNGAAAAIAAJ"><i>Uchwalenie i obrona Konstytucji 3 Maja</i></a> [<i>Passing and Fall of the May 3 Constitution</i>] (in Polish). Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-02-04615-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-02-04615-5"><bdi>978-83-02-04615-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uchwalenie+i+obrona+Konstytucji+3+Maja&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Wydawnictwa+Szkolne+i+Pedagogiczne&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-83-02-04615-5&rft.au=Krzysztof+Bauer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWLNGAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Łojek1986-325-326-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Łojek1986-325-326_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Łojek1986-325-326_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Łojek1986" class="citation book cs1">Jerzy Łojek (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbpFAAAAIAAJ"><i>Geneza i obalenie Konstytucji 3 maja</i></a>. Wydawn. Lubelskie. pp. 325–326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-222-0313-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-222-0313-2"><bdi>978-83-222-0313-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geneza+i+obalenie+Konstytucji+3+maja&rft.pages=325-326&rft.pub=Wydawn.+Lubelskie&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-83-222-0313-2&rft.au=Jerzy+%C5%81ojek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkbpFAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buffaloquote-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-buffaloquote_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHon._Carl_L._Bucki1996" class="citation web cs1">Hon. Carl L. Bucki (May 3, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205130036/http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/constitution.html">"Constitution Day: May 3, 1791"</a>. Polish Academic Information Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/constitution.html">the original</a> on December 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+Day%3A+May+3%2C+1791&rft.pub=Polish+Academic+Information+Center&rft.date=1996-05-03&rft.au=Hon.+Carl+L.+Bucki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo-poland.buffalo.edu%2Fclassroom%2Fconstitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lord1915-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lord1915_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Howard_Lord1915" class="citation book cs1">Robert Howard Lord (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_zp5pAAAAMAAJ"><i>The second partition of Poland: a study in diplomatic history</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_zp5pAAAAMAAJ/page/n308">275</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+second+partition+of+Poland%3A+a+study+in+diplomatic+history&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Robert+Howard+Lord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_zp5pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kopeček2006-282-284-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kopeček2006-282-284_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kopeček2006-282-284_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichal_Kopeček2006" class="citation book cs1">Michal Kopeček (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA282"><i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries</i></a>. Central European University Press. pp. 282–284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3"><bdi>978-963-7326-52-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29%3A+texts+and+commentaries&rft.pages=282-284&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-52-3&rft.au=Michal+Kope%C4%8Dek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5Vsjg508EYC%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kopeček2006-284-285-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kopeček2006-284-285_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kopeček2006-284-285_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichal_Kopeček2006" class="citation book cs1">Michal Kopeček (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA284"><i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries</i></a>. Central European University Press. pp. 284–285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3"><bdi>978-963-7326-52-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29%3A+texts+and+commentaries&rft.pages=284-285&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-52-3&rft.au=Michal+Kope%C4%8Dek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5Vsjg508EYC%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nadzieja38-39-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nadzieja38-39_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJadwiga_Nadzieja1988" class="citation book cs1">Jadwiga Nadzieja (1988). <i>Od Jakobina do księcia namiestnika</i>. 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W.A.B. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7414-930-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7414-930-3"><bdi>978-83-7414-930-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosciuszko+Ksiaze+chlopow&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=W.A.B.&rft.date=2011-01&rft.isbn=978-83-7414-930-3&rft.au=Alex+Storozynski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvanuAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Łojek1986-402-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Łojek1986-402_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Łojek1986" class="citation book cs1">Jerzy Łojek (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbpFAAAAIAAJ"><i>Geneza i obalenie Konstytucji 3 maja</i></a>. Wydawn. Lubelskie. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-222-0313-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-222-0313-2"><bdi>978-83-222-0313-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions%2C+elections%2C+and+legislatures+of+Poland%2C+1493%E2%80%931977%3A+a+guide+to+their+history&rft.pages=186-187&rft.pub=EJJ+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0637-4&rft.au=Jacek+J%C4%99druch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmx8QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pickus2001-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pickus2001_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Pickus2001" class="citation book cs1">David Pickus (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZYTfgZCb7cC&pg=PA118"><i>Dying With an Enlightening Fall: Poland in the Eyes of German Intellectuals, 1764–1800</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0153-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0153-7"><bdi>978-0-7391-0153-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dying+With+an+Enlightening+Fall%3A+Poland+in+the+Eyes+of+German+Intellectuals%2C+1764%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0153-7&rft.au=David+Pickus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiZYTfgZCb7cC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stone_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Stone2001" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Stone (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LFgB_l4SdHAC&pg=PA282"><i>The Polish-Lithuanian State: 1386-1795</i></a>. University of Washington Press. pp. 282–285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98093-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98093-5"><bdi>978-0-295-98093-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Polish-Lithuanian+State%3A+1386-1795&rft.pages=282-285&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98093-5&rft.au=Daniel+Stone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLFgB_l4SdHAC%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storozynski2011-232-233-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski2011-232-233_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Storozynski2011" class="citation book cs1">Alex Storozynski (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvanuAAACAAJ"><i>Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow</i></a>. W.A.B. pp. 232–233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7414-930-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7414-930-3"><bdi>978-83-7414-930-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosciuszko+Ksiaze+chlopow&rft.pages=232-233&rft.pub=W.A.B.&rft.date=2011-01&rft.isbn=978-83-7414-930-3&rft.au=Alex+Storozynski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvanuAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nadzieja55-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nadzieja55_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJadwiga_Nadzieja1988" class="citation book cs1">Jadwiga Nadzieja (1988). <i>Od Jakobina do księcia namiestnika</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosciuszko+Ksiaze+chlopow&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=W.A.B.&rft.date=2011-01&rft.isbn=978-83-7414-930-3&rft.au=Alex+Storozynski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvanuAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storozynski2011-245-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski2011-245_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Storozynski2011" class="citation book cs1">Alex Storozynski (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvanuAAACAAJ"><i>Kosciuszko Ksiaze chlopow</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosciuszko+Ksiaze+chlopow&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=W.A.B.&rft.date=2011-01&rft.isbn=978-83-7414-930-3&rft.au=Alex+Storozynski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyvanuAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storozynski-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Storozynski_52-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Storozynski, A., 2009, The Peasant Prince, New York: St. Martin's Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312388027" title="Special:BookSources/9780312388027">9780312388027</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Smith_Williams1904" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_Williams" title="Henry Smith Williams">Henry Smith Williams</a> (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nPqWfzFFScYC&pg=PA418"><i>The Historians' History of the World: Switzerland (concluded ), Russia and Poland</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polskiedzieje.pl/artykul,idart-139,t-Insurekcja-kosciuszkowska">the original</a> on 26 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=polskiedzieje.pl&rft.atitle=Insurekcja+ko%C5%9Bciuszkowska&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Grzegorz+Reszka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskiedzieje.pl%2Fartykul%2Cidart-139%2Ct-Insurekcja-kosciuszkowska&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Kostomarov" title="Mykola Kostomarov">Н. И. Костомаров</a>. Последние годы Речи Посполитой. / ПСС. СПб. 1871. С. 571</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Duffy" title="Christopher Duffy">Duffy C.</a> Russia's Military Way to the West: Origins and Nature of Russian Military Power 1700–1800. Routledge. 2015. P. 196, "...these troops were infuriated by the Polish resistance, and by the tales of the atrocities inflicted on the Russian garrison in Warsaw in the spring"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Praga" title="Battle of Praga">Battle of Praga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Praga" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacre of Praga">Massacre of Praga</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.app/nyWcFSmpWnCfsAxd6">Statistics of Wars, Oppressions and Atrocities of the Eighteenth Century</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Hagget. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b-AzkhDNRTAC&pg=PA1740">"Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 24"</a> Marshall Cavendish, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761472896" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761472896">978-0761472896</a>. p 1740</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rad-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rad_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rad_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rad_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Radziwił, Wojciech Roszkowski, <i>Historia 1789-1871</i> Warsaw 2000 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nikołajew, S. I. Od Kochanowskiego do Mickiewicza. Szkice z historii polsko-rosyjskich związków literackich XVII–XIX wieku / Tłum. J. Głażewski. Warszawa: Neriton, 2007. 319 s. (Nauka o Literaturze Polskiej za Granicą, t. X)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catholicoppression-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-catholicoppression_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalik,_Judith2003" class="citation journal cs1">Kalik, Judith (2003). "The Orthodox Church and the Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth". <i>Jewish History</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 229–237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022388603902">10.1023/A:1022388603902</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159156200">159156200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+and+the+Jews+in+the+Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian+Commonwealth&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=229-237&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022388603902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159156200%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Kalik%2C+Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%9Bciuszko+Uprising" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-serfdom-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-serfdom_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kula, Witold. An Economic Theory of the Feudal System: Towards a Model of the Polish Economy, 1500–1800. Translated by Lawrence Garner. New ed. London, 1976. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" class="extiw" title="commons:Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" class="extiw" title="commons:Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Lithuania" title="List of wars involving Lithuania">Lithuanian wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand<br />Duchy of<br />Lithuania</a><br />(to 1795)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania_(1219%E2%80%9395)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Lithuania (1219–95)">13th<br />century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Mongol invasions of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a> (1283–1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a> (1340–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1368%E2%80%931372)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)">Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Civil_Wars" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuanian Civil Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1381%E2%80%931384)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)">1381–1384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1389%E2%80%931392)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)">1389–1392</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vikhra_River" title="Battle of the Vikhra River">Vikhra River (1386)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Crusade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samogitian_uprisings" title="Samogitian uprisings">Samogitian anti-Teutonic uprisings (1401–1409)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1409–1411) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Grunwald (1410)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War</a> (1414)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War</a> (1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashmyany" title="Battle of Ashmyany">Ašmena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz" title="Battle of Wiłkomierz">Pabaiskas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1431–1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> (1443–1444) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muscovite–Lithuanian_Wars" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#First_border_war_(1492–1494)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1492–1494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Second_war_(1500–1503)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1500–1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Third_war_(1507–1508)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1507–1508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinski_rebellion" title="Glinski rebellion">Glinski rebellion</a> (1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fourth_war_(1512–1522)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1512–1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fifth_or_Starodub_war_(1534–1537)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1534–1537</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> (1558–1583) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory</a> (1577–1582)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a> (1563–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1587–1588)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński (1591–1593)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko (1594–1596)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wars_with_Sweden" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Wars with Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Stångebro (1598)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Kircholm (1605)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">1626–1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Swedish Deluge</a> (1655–1660)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebellions &<br />uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising"> Pavlyuk (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising"> Khmelnytsky (1648–1657)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Berestechko</a> (1651)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Muscovy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">1605–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Klushino (1610)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">1632–1634</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russian Deluge</a> (1654–1667)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottomans &<br />Tatars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Khotyn (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">1666–1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Khotyn (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">1683–1699</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Humenné (1619)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Early" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1697%E2%80%931702)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)">Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> (1700–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1733–1735)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a> (1768–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1792" class="mw-redirect" title="War of 1792">War of 1792</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kościuszko Uprising</a> (1794)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/50px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/75px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Lithuania<br />partitioned<br />(1795–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> (1812)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uprisings" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1831">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1863">1863</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">Revolution of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Lithuania">Interwar<br />Lithuania</a><br />(1918–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#World_War_II_(1939–1945)" title="History of Lithuania">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a> (1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Soviet_period_(1944–1990)" title="History of Lithuania">Soviet<br />occupation</a><br />(1944–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Independence_restored_(1990–present)" title="History of Lithuania">Restored<br />Lithuania</a><br />(since 1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_uprisings" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_uprisings" title="Template:Polish uprisings"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_uprisings" title="Template talk:Polish uprisings"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_uprisings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish uprisings"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_uprisings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Polish uprisings</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_reaction_in_Poland" title="Pagan reaction in Poland">1038 Peasant Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Union_(medieval)" title="Lizard Union (medieval)">Lizard Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Confederation" title="Prussian Confederation">Prussian Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_War" title="Chicken War">Chicken War</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="January Uprising of 1863"><img alt="January Uprising of 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="612" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Warsaw Uprising of 1944"><img alt="Warsaw Uprising of 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/70px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/105px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/140px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="17th-century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski</a> (1609)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky</a> (1648–1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostka-Napierski_uprising" title="Kostka-Napierski uprising">Kostka-Napierski</a> (1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyszowce_Confederation" title="Tyszowce Confederation">Tyszowce Confederation</a> (1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubomirski%27s_rebellion" title="Lubomirski's rebellion">Lubomirski</a> (1665–1666)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82uck_Confederation" title="Słuck Confederation">Słuck Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_Confederation" title="Radom Confederation">Radom Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targowica_Confederation" title="Targowica Confederation">Targowica Confederation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kościuszko Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794)" title="Warsaw Uprising (1794)">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1794)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1794)">1794 Greater Poland uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">After the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisko_uprising" title="Denisko uprising">Denisko uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1806)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1806)">1806 Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1846)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1846)">1846 Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_uprising" title="Kraków uprising">Kraków uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_slaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician slaughter">Galician slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland uprising (1848)">1848 Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Polish_political_exiles_in_Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia">Baikal insurrection 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_insurrection" title="Łódź insurrection">Łódź insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_(1905%E2%80%931907)" title="Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)">Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemberg_(1918)" title="Battle of Lemberg (1918)">Battle of Lemberg (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejny_Uprising" title="Sejny Uprising">Sejny Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Silesian Uprisings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czortk%C3%B3w_uprising" title="Czortków uprising">Czortków uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87_uprising" title="Zamość uprising">Zamość uprising</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ghetto_uprisings" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghetto uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Uprising" title="Lwów Uprising">Lwów Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising_(1944)" title="Kraków Uprising (1944)">Kraków Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">Polish wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">General and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">History of the Polish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish_intelligence_services" title="History of Polish intelligence services">History of Polish intelligence services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">List of wars involving Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_Medieval_Poland" title="Warfare in Medieval Poland">Warfare in Medieval Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/50px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/75px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/100px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Piast Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Veletian_War" title="Polish–Veletian War">Polish–Veletian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia" title="Battle of Cedynia">Battle of Cedynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1003%E2%80%931018)" title="German–Polish War (1003–1018)">German–Polish War (1003–1018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I%27s_intervention_in_the_Kievan_succession_crisis" title="Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis">Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1028%E2%80%931031)" title="German–Polish War (1028–1031)">German–Polish War (1028–1031)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miec%C5%82aw%27s_Rebellion" title="Miecław's Rebellion">Miecław's Rebellion</a></li> <li>1072 war against <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Siege of Głogów">Siege of Głogów</a></li> <li>1146 war against Germany</li> <li>1156 war against Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mongol invasions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Battle of Legnica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellon Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Teutonic War">Polish–Teutonic wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_takeover_of_Danzig_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)">Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C5%82owce" title="Battle of Płowce">Battle of Płowce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Great War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War (1414)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War (1422)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">War of the Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_the_White%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Władysław the White's rebellion">Władysław the White's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grotniki" title="Battle of Grotniki">Battle of Grotniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">1444 war against the Ottomans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha" title="Battle of Orsha">Battle of Orsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1534%E2%80%931537)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)</a></li> <li>Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Polish–Swedish wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">campaign of Stephen Báthory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Battle of Stångebro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Battle of Kircholm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Northern War of 1655–1660</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">The Deluge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danzig_rebellion" title="Danzig rebellion">Danzig rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Lubieszów">Battle of Lubieszów</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1577)" title="Siege of Danzig (1577)">Siege of Danzig (1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Byczyna" title="Battle of Byczyna">Battle of Byczyna</a></li></ul></li> <li>1589 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński uprising</a></li> <li>1593 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_(1609%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)">Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Battle of Kłuszyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Battle of Humenné</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Polish–Ottoman Wars">Polish–Ottoman wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Battle of Chocim (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Battle of Chocim (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">War of the Holy League 1683–1699</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">Battle of Vienna</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1624 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising">Pavlyuk uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn uprising</a></li> <li>1644 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Battle of Berestechko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">War of the Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Polish–Russian War of 1792</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Poland partitioned</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisko_uprising" title="Denisko uprising">Denisko uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Prussian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Polish_War" title="Austro-Polish War">Austro-Polish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland uprising (1848)">Greater Poland uprising (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" title="History of Poland during World War I">fighting in Poland</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="First Silesian Uprising">First Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_offensive_(1920)" title="Kiev offensive (1920)">Kiev offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Silesian Uprising">Second Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Silesian Uprising">Third Silesian Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">World War II in Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II"> resistance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Poland during World War II">contributions</a> during World War II</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_uprisings" title="Ghetto uprisings">Ghetto uprisings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok Ghetto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa Ghetto uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz_Conflict" title="Racibórz Conflict">Racibórz Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation of Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> times)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Military history of the Russian Empire">Military history of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by opponent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-Finnish_wars" title="Soviet-Finnish wars">Soviet-Finnish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Russia" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia">Russo-Polish Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Sweden" title="List of wars between Russia and Sweden">Russo-Swedish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">Russo-Turkish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">Russo-Ukrainian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Russia" title="List of wars involving Russia">List of wars involving Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of wars involving the Soviet Union">List of wars involving the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of battles involving the Russian Federation">List of battles involving the Russian Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Bolotnikov" title="Uprising of Bolotnikov">Uprising of Bolotnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razin%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Razin's Rebellion">Razin's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Coup attempt (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Russian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1554%E2%80%931557)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)">Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1568%E2%80%931570)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)">Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1590%E2%80%931595)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)">Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Time_of_Troubles" title="Time of Troubles">Time of Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1676%E2%80%931681)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)">Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1686%E2%80%931700)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)">Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1710%E2%80%931711)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)">Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> (1733–1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)">Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Russo-Polish War (1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Expedition_of_1796" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Expedition of 1796">Russo-Persian War (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Russian conquest of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_War" title="Caucasian War">Caucasian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Murid War">Murid War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur Annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Bukhara" title="Russian conquest of Bukhara">Russian conquest of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_campaign_of_1873" title="Khivan campaign of 1873">Khivan campaign of 1873</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alash_Autonomy" title="Alash Autonomy">Kazakhstan Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimosodat" title="Heimosodat">Heimosodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_westward_offensive_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919">Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)">Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Red Army invasion of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Red Army intervention in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_uprising" title="East Karelian uprising">East Karelian uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Central Asian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1925%E2%80%931926)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)">Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1930)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechen_uprising_of_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechen uprising of 1932 (page does not exist)">Chechen uprising of 1932</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_1932_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Восстание в Чечне 1932 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rebellion_in_Xinjiang_(1937)" title="Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)">Xinjiang War (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army#Soviet_Union" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Guerrilla war in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_incident" title="Vlora incident">Vlora incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia war (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">Western Libya campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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