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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Markowitz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 47 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هاري ماركويتز - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاري ماركويتز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هارى ماركويتز - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارى ماركويتز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Markovits" title="Harri Markovits - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harri Markovits" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86" title="Гары Марковіц - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гары Марковіц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Хари Марковиц - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хари Марковиц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8" title="হ্যারি মার্কোউইটস - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যারি মার্কোউইটস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="هری مارکوویتز - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هری مارکوویتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5" title="הארי מרקוביץ - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הארי מרקוביץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D6%81" title="Հարրի Մարկովից - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարրի Մարկովից" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Max_Markowitz" title="Harry Max Markowitz - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harry Max Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%84" title="ハリー・マーコウィッツ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハリー・マーコウィッツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A7%88%EC%BD%94%EC%9C%84%EC%B8%A0" title="해리 마코위츠 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해리 마코위츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_Maximus_Markowitz" title="Henricus Maximus Markowitz - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus Maximus Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Max_Markowitz" title="Harry Max Markowitz - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Harry Max Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="ہیری مارکووٹز - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیری مارکووٹز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Марковиц, Гарри - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марковиц, Гарри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹேரி மார்கோவிட்ஸ் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹேரி மார்கோவிட்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Һәри Марковиц - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һәри Марковиц" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86" title="Гаррі Марковіц - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гаррі Марковіц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="ہیری مارکوٹز - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیری مارکوٹز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E7%B6%AD%E8%8C%B2" title="哈利·馬可維茲 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈利·馬可維茲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Harry Markowitz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q272508#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><div style="width:200px; clear:right; float:right; text-align:left; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; font-size:90%; padding:.3em;" class="wikitable"><small><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medaglia del Premio Nobel"><img alt="Medaglia del Premio Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia" title="Premio Nobel per l'economia">Premio Nobel per l'economia</a> <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a></small></div><p><b>Harry Markowitz</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_agosto" title="24 agosto">24 agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> – <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/22_giugno" title="22 giugno">22 giugno</a> <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Economista" title="Economista">economista</a> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a>, vincitore, insieme a <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton Miller</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Sharpe" title="William Sharpe">William Sharpe</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia" title="Premio Nobel per l'economia">premio Nobel per l'economia</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, «<i>per i contributi pionieristici nell'ambito dell'economia finanziaria</i>».<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I suoi interessi, durante la gioventù e l'adolescenza, non riguardavano l'<a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a> bensì il baseball e il football. Inoltre, egli suonava il violino nell'orchestra della scuola ed amava leggere sia <a href="/wiki/Fumetto" title="Fumetto">strisce comiche</a> sia <a href="/wiki/Saggio" title="Saggio">saggi</a> legati all'<a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a> e alla <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a>. </p><p>Fu solo con la fine delle superiori e con la scelta dell'università, che per la prima volta Markowitz si mise a riflettere su quale facoltà avrebbe potuto scegliere. <a href="/wiki/Microeconomia" title="Microeconomia">Micro</a> e <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomia" title="Macroeconomia">macroeconomia</a> sembravano materie adatte alle sue capacità, ma il vero polo di attrazione si dimostrò essere l'economia dell'<a href="/wiki/Incertezza" title="Incertezza">incertezza</a> proposta da <a href="/wiki/John_Von_Neumann" class="mw-redirect" title="John Von Neumann">John Von Neumann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern" title="Oskar Morgenstern">Oskar Morgenstern</a> e le teorie di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuil_Marshak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuil Marshak (la pagina non esiste)">Samuil Marshak</a> sull'<a href="/wiki/Utilit%C3%A0_(economia)" title="Utilità (economia)">utilità</a> attesa. </p><p>All'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Chicago" title="Università di Chicago">università di Chicago</a> ebbe come professore Marshak che lo introdusse poi nella "Cowles Commission"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, una commissione di piccole dimensioni ma che ha prodotto un elevato numero di Nobel e che ha influenzato gli studi sull'economia e sull'<a href="/wiki/Econometria" title="Econometria">econometria</a>. </p><p>All'inizio degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1950" title="Anni 1950">anni cinquanta</a>, Markowitz aveva sviluppato la teoria del <a href="/wiki/Portafoglio_(finanza)" title="Portafoglio (finanza)">portafoglio</a> che cercava il modo di ottimizzare la rendita degli <a href="/wiki/Investimento" title="Investimento">investimenti</a>. Gli economisti avevano compreso da tempo che era più saggio diversificare il portafoglio, ma Markowitz mostrò come misurare il rischio dei vari strumenti finanziari e come combinarli in un portafoglio per ottenere il rendimento massimo per un determinato rischio. L'idea di base per la teoria della <a href="/wiki/Frontiera_dei_portafogli" title="Frontiera dei portafogli">frontiera dei portafogli</a> gli venne leggendo l'opera <i>Theory of Investment Value</i> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Burr_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Burr Williams (la pagina non esiste)">John Burr Williams</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> Markowitz lasciò l'università di Chicago per andare a far parte della "<a href="/wiki/Rand_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rand Corporation">Rand Corporation</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a></i> statunitense. Qui lavorò a stretto contatto con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorge_Dantzig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorge Dantzig (la pagina non esiste)">Gorge Dantzig</a> e da lui imparò le tecniche di ottimizzazione che gli servirono per scrivere nel <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> il suo libro <i>Portfolio selection: efficient diversification of investments</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fu grazie al pressante invito di <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> che scrisse questo libro dove rese nota la sua teoria, peraltro già espressa in un articolo pubblicato nel <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> <i>Portfolio selection</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dal <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> insegnò al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baruch_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baruch College (la pagina non esiste)">Baruch College</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_New_York" title="Università di New York">Università di New York</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> Markowitz vinse il <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Theory_Prize" title="John von Neumann Theory Prize">John von Neumann Theory Prize</a> per la teoria della <a href="/wiki/Ricerca_operativa" title="Ricerca operativa">ricerca operativa</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> condivise, insieme ai colleghi <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" class="mw-redirect" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a> e <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton Miller</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia" title="Premio Nobel per l'economia">premio Nobel per l'economia</a>. Il loro contributo in realtà diede l'avvio a quella che oggi noi conosciamo come <a href="/wiki/Economia_finanziaria" title="Economia finanziaria">economia finanziaria</a>, un campo separato di studio. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_teoria_del_portafoglio">La teoria del portafoglio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione La teoria del portafoglio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: La teoria del portafoglio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo Markowitz, il portafoglio azionario più è composto da titoli differenti l'uno dall'altro, più diminuisce il grado di rischio. Inizialmente ha incontrato una platea unanime di sostenitori, sia tra gli economisti che tra gli accademici. Dagli anni '80, però, questa teoria viene deprecata dall'imprenditore americano <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> il quale, essendo un profondo conoscitore di alcune selezionate aziende, ha preferito concentrare il suo portafoglio finanziario in modo da massimizzare il rendimento, senza per questo aumentare apprezzabilmente il correlato rischio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/25/obituaries/harry-m-markowitz-dead.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/25/obituaries/harry-m-markowitz-dead.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1990/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il premio Nobel per l'economia nel 1990</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>. <small>URL consultato l'11 dicembre 2007</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cowles Commission for Research in Economics</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">H Markowitz, <i>Portfolio selection: efficient diversification of investments</i>, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1959. Ristampa della seconda edizione: Cambridge, Mass., Blackwell, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Portfolio Selection</i>, in <i>Journal of Finance</i> 7, no. 1, pp. 77–91, 1952.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">CAPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontiera_dei_portafogli" title="Frontiera dei portafogli">Frontiera dei portafogli</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Markowitz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/harry-m-markowitz"><span style="font-style:italic;">Markowitz, Harry M</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272508#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Mauro Visaggio, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/harry-max-markowitz_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">MARKOWITZ, Harry Max</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, V Appendice, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1993.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272508#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-M-Markowitz"><span style="font-style:italic;">Harry Markowitz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272508#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFnobelprize.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/704"><span style="font-style:italic;">Harry Markowitz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272508#P8024" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMathematics_Genealogy_Project" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=201824"><span style="font-style:italic;">Harry Markowitz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span>, North Dakota State University.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272508#P549" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL893897A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Harry Markowitz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272508#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Markowitz.html">Harry Markowitz</a> scheda in <i>The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</i>. <small>URL visitato il 3/10/2012</small></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Nobel_per_l'economia"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia" title="Template:Premio Nobel per l'economia"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Nobel per l'economia (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel_per_l%27economia" title="Vincitori del premio Nobel per l'economia">Vincitori del Premio Nobel per l'economia</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1969 - 1975</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a> (1969) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> (1970) • <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1971) • <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks_(economista)" title="John Hicks (economista)">John Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> (1972) • <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1973) • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Friedrich von Hayek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Vital%27evi%C4%8D_Kantorovi%C4%8D" title="Leonid Vital'evič Kantorovič">Leonid Vital'evič Kantorovič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a> (1975)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1976 - 2000</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> (1976) • <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James Meade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> (1977) • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Herbert Simon</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis" title="W. Arthur Lewis">W. Arthur Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Theodore Schultz</a> (1979) • <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a> (1980) • <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a> (1984) • <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan</a> (1986) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a> (1989) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Markowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Sharpe" title="William Sharpe">William Sharpe</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Robert Fogel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">Douglass North</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Nash" title="John Nash">John Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_(economista)" title="Robert Lucas (economista)">Robert Lucas</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James Mirrlees</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Merton" title="Robert Merton">Robert Merton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron Scholes</a> (1997) • <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert Mundell</a> (1999) • <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James Heckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (2000)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">2001 - oggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">Michael Spence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Smith" title="Vernon Smith">Vernon Smith</a> (2002) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Engle" title="Robert Engle">Robert Engle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Clive Granger</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/Finn_Kydland" title="Finn Kydland">Finn Kydland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Prescott" title="Edward Prescott">Edward Prescott</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert Aumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas Schelling</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Edmund Phelps</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger Myerson</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> (2008) • <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Williamson" title="Oliver Williamson">Oliver Williamson</a> (2009) • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Mortensen" title="Dale Mortensen">Dale Mortensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Pissarides" title="Christopher Pissarides">Christopher Pissarides</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sims" title="Christopher Sims">Christopher Sims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2011) • <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Eliot_Roth" title="Alvin Eliot Roth">Alvin Eliot Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Stowell_Shapley" title="Lloyd Stowell Shapley">Lloyd Stowell Shapley</a> (2012) • <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene Fama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shiller" title="Robert Shiller">Robert Shiller</a> (2013) • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (2014) • <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Angus Deaton</a> (2015) • <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart" title="Oliver Hart">Oliver Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> (2016) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Richard Thaler</a> (2017) • <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">William Nordhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Paul Romer</a> (2018) • <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Esther Duflo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Michael Kremer</a> (2019) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a> (2020) • <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">David Card</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Joshua Angrist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_W._Imbens" title="Guido W. Imbens">Guido W. Imbens</a> (2021) • <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Douglas Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Philip H. Dybvig</a> (2022) • <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a> (2023) • <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemo%C4%9Flu" title="Daron Acemoğlu">Daron Acemoğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson_(economista)" title="Simon Johnson (economista)">Simon Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">James A. Robinson</a> (2024)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71610">71610</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000110197271">0000 0001 1019 7271</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85812461">n85812461</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12926346X">12926346X</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX941118">XX941118</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX941118">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12279771v">cb12279771v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12279771v">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007432865905171">987007432865905171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_e_universitaria_di_Zagabria" title="Biblioteca nazionale e universitaria di Zagabria">NSK</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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