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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Millennium_CE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Millennium_CE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First Millennium CE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Millennium_CE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Millennium_CE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Millennium_CE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second Millennium CE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Millennium_CE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographical_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geographical distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographical_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Assam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tripura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tripura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Tripura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tripura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Tone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Segments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonological_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonological_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Phonological processes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonological_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Writing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meitei_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meitei_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Meitei script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meitei_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compound_verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compound_verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Compound verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compound_verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_words" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_words"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Number words</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_words-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Annual events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meitei language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei" title="Meitei – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meitei" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मणिपुरी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मणिपुरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة المانيبورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة المانيبورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মেইতেই ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেইতেই ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_meitei" title="Idioma meitei – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma meitei" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meytey_dili" title="Meytey dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meytey dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%88_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মৈতৈ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৈতৈ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मणिपुरी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मणिपुरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiteieg" title="Meiteieg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meiteieg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuri_(llengua)" title="Manipuri (llengua) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manipuri (llengua)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei" title="Meitei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meitei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuri_keel" title="Manipuri keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Manipuri keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%8A%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσα Μεϊτέι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Μεϊτέι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_manipur%C3%AD" title="Idioma manipurí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma manipurí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipura_lingvo" title="Manipura lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manipura lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipurera" title="Manipurera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manipurera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان مانیپوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مانیپوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meithei" title="Meithei – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Meithei" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei" title="Meitei – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Meitei" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_meitei" title="Lingua meitei – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua meitei" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="મણિપુરી ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મણિપુરી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88%ED%91%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="마니푸르어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마니푸르어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मणिपुरी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मणिपुरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মেইতেই ঠার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মেইতেই ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Manipur" title="Bahasa Manipur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Manipur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_meitei" title="Lingua meitei – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua meitei" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_manipuri" title="Lingua manipuri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua manipuri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೈತೇಯಿ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೈತೇಯಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimeitei" title="Kimeitei – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimeitei" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Мэйтэй – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мэйтэй" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Meitei" title="Lingua Meitei – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Meitei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manip%C5%ABru_valoda" title="Manipūru valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Manipūru valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manip%C5%ABri" title="Manipūri – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manipūri" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="മണിപ്പൂരി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണിപ്പൂരി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मणिपुरी भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मणिपुरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="მანიპური (ნინა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მანიპური (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مانیپوری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مانیپوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ကသည်းဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကသည်းဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_(taal)" title="Meitei (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meitei (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मणिपुरी भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मणिपुरी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="マニプリ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニプリ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei-lon" title="Meitei-lon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meitei-lon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%87_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ମଇତେଇ ଭାଷା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଇତେଇ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur_tili" title="Manipur tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manipur tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੇਤੇ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਤੇ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="منیپوری بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منیپوری بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%88" title="ភាសាមណីបុរៈ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាមណីបុរៈ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Meitei" title="Lenga Meitei – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Meitei" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_manipuri" title="Język manipuri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język manipuri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_manipuri" title="Língua manipuri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua manipuri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Манипури (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манипури (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मणिपुरीभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मणिपुरीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meithei_leid" title="Meithei leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Meithei leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meitei language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ميئتي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميئتي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiteisk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Meiteiskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Meiteiskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Манипури (језик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манипури (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuri_jezik" title="Manipuri jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manipuri jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipurin_kieli" title="Manipurin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manipurin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei" title="Meitei – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meitei" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மணிப்புரியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மணிப்புரியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Манипури теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Манипури теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="మణిపురి భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మణిపురి భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="ภาษามณีปุระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษามณีปุระ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೈತೇಯಿ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮೈತೇಯಿ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_dili" title="Meitei dili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meitei dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Маніпурі (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маніпурі (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="منی پوری زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منی پوری زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Meitei" title="Tiếng Meitei – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Meitei" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Meitei_language&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Meitei language">Ancient Meitei language</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tibeto-Burman language of India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Manipuri language" redirects here. For the Meitei-Bengali <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">sole official language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>. For other speech forms, see <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Manipur">languages of Manipur</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Unless otherwise specified, Meitei in this article is written in <a href="/wiki/Meitei_Mayek" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Mayek">Meitei Mayek</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Meitei</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Manipuri</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259558396">.mw-parser-output .script-Mtei,.mw-parser-output .script-mtei,.mw-parser-output .script-meetei_mayek,.mw-parser-output .script-meithei{font-family:"Noto Sans Meetei Mayek","Eeyek","Eeyek Unicode","Nirmala UI"}</style><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ</span> • মৈতৈলোন • <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="la-Latn">Meiteilon</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg/200px-Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg/300px-Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg/400px-Meitei_language_written_in_Meitei_script.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="48" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;"><i>Meitei Lon</i> written in Meitei script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Manipur, Assam and Tripura</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Northeast India and Neighbouring areas of Bangladesh and Myanmar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Total speakers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">L1</a> & <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">L2</a> combined: 3 million<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">L1</a> only: 1.8 million (2003–2011)<sup id="cite_ref-e25_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Meitei</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakpa_language" title="Chakpa language">Chakpa/Loi</a></li> <li>Meitei Pangal<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue_mni-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Bangladesh" title="Meitei language in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meetei_Mayek" class="mw-redirect" title="Meetei Mayek">Meetei Mayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali-Assamese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese script">Bengali-Assamese script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> (unofficial)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of India">India</a> (scheduled official) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> (main official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> (additional official)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura, India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Languages of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Languages of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Language_Planning_and_Implementation" title="Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation">Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Development body</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Ministry of Culture (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Indian_Languages" title="Central Institute of Indian Languages">Central Institute of Indian Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Language_Planning_and_Implementation" title="Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation">Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_Sahitya_Parishad" title="Manipuri Sahitya Parishad">Manipuri Sahitya Parishad</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=300">mni</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Either:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/mni" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:mni">mni</a></code> – Manipuri<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/omp" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:omp">omp</a></code> – Old Manipuri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mani1292">mani1292</a></code>  Manipuri<br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/meit1246">meit1246</a></code>  Meitei (standard dialect)<br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/loii1241">loii1241</a></code>  Loi (<a href="/wiki/Chakpa_language" title="Chakpa language">Chakpa dialect</a>)<br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/pang1284">pang1284</a></code>  Pangal (Muslim dialect)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Meitei_language_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meitei_language_distribution.png/320px-Meitei_language_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meitei_language_distribution.png/480px-Meitei_language_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meitei_language_distribution.png/640px-Meitei_language_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00008B; color:white;"> </span> Regions where Meitei is official and educational language</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1167b1; color:white;"> </span> Regions where Meitei is recognised and educational language but not official</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#187bcd; color:black;"> </span> Regions where Meitei is not recognised and not official but educational</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5579CE; color:black;"> </span> Regions where Meitei is recognised but not official and educational</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#91BAD6; color:black;"> </span> Regions with significant Meitei speaking minorities</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Meetei Mayek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg/34px-Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg/50px-Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg/67px-Meetei_Mayek_letter_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="581" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">the Meitei alphabet</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Meitei_script_display_help" title="Wikipedia:Meitei script display help">rendering support</a>, you may see errors in display.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Meitei</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ</span></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Nagari script">Eastern Nagari script</a>:</small> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni">মৈতৈলোন্</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mejtejlon]</span><small> (<a href="/wiki/International_phonetic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="International phonetic alphabet">IPA</a>)</small>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">meiteilon</i></span>) also known as <b>Manipuri</b> (<span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ</span></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Nagari script">Eastern Nagari script</a>:</small> <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni">মণিপুরী</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɐnipuɾi]</span><small> (<a href="/wiki/International_phonetic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="International phonetic alphabet">IPA</a>)</small>), is a <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman language">Tibeto-Burman language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeast India</a>. It is the official language and the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> and an additional official language in four districts of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled languages of India">constitutionally scheduled official languages of the Indian Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Meitei_language_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Meitei_language-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meitei is the most widely-spoken <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman language</a> of India and the third most widely spoken language of northeast India after <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 1.76 million <a href="/wiki/States_of_India_by_Meitei_speakers" title="States of India by Meitei speakers">Meitei native speakers in India according to the 2011 census</a>, 1.52 million of whom are found in the state of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>, where they represent the majority of its population. There are smaller communities in neighbouring Indian states, such as <a href="#Assam">Assam</a> (168,000), <a href="#Tripura">Tripura</a> (24,000), <a href="#Nagaland">Nagaland</a> (9,500), and elsewhere in the country (37,500). The language is also spoken by smaller groups in neighbouring <a href="#Myanmar">Myanmar</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Bangladesh" title="Meitei language in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e25_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meitei and <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> jointly hold the third place among the fastest growing <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">languages of India</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meitei is not <a href="/wiki/Language_endangerment" class="mw-redirect" title="Language endangerment">endangered</a>: its status has been assessed as safe by <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (where it is assigned to <a href="/wiki/EGIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="EGIDS">EGIDS</a> level 2 "provincial language").<sup id="cite_ref-e25_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is considered <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerable language">vulnerable</a> by UNESCO.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Manipuri language is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Ningthouja_dynasty" title="Ningthouja dynasty">Ningthouja dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mangang" title="Mangang">Mangangs</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Khuman_kingdom" title="Khuman kingdom">Khuman dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Moirang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Moirang">Moirangs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Angom" title="Angom">Angoms</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Luwang" title="Luwang">Luwangs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salai_Leishangthem" title="Salai Leishangthem">Chengleis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarang-Leishangthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarang-Leishangthem">Sarang-Leishangthems</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Khaba-Nganba" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaba-Nganba">Khaba-Nganbas</a>. Each had their respective distinct dialects and were politically independent from one another. Later, all of them fell under the dominion of the <a href="/wiki/Ningthouja_dynasty" title="Ningthouja dynasty">Ningthouja dynasty</a>, changing their status of being independent "ethnicities" into those of "clans" of the collective <a href="/wiki/Meitei_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei community">Meitei community</a>. The Ningthouja dialect was predominant,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and received heavy influences from the speech forms of the other groups.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meitei is one of the advanced literary languages recognised by <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>, India's National Academy of Letters. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div> <p>Meitei belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th and 20th centuries, different linguists tried to assign Meitei to various sub-groups. Early classifier <a href="/wiki/George_Abraham_Grierson" title="George Abraham Grierson">George Abraham Grierson</a> (1903–1924) put it in <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki-Chin">Kuki-Chin</a>, Vegelin and Voegelin (1965) in Kuki-Chin-Naga, and Benedict (1972) in Kuki-Naga. <a href="/wiki/Robbins_Burling" title="Robbins Burling">Robbins Burling</a> has suggested that Meitei belongs to none those groups.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current academic consensus agrees with <a href="/wiki/James_Matisoff" title="James Matisoff">James Matisoff</a> in placing Manipuri in its own subdivision of the Kamarupan group—a geographic rather than a genetic grouping.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some still consider Meitei to be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin-Naga_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki-Chin-Naga languages">Kuki-Chin-Naga branch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yumbanlol_(Yumpanlol)_-_a_6th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_copper_manuscript_text_-_in_Meetei_script_-_works_on_sensuality_%26_relationship_between_husbands_%26_wives_and_how_to_run_a_household_in_Ancient_Kangleipak_civilisation_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Yumbanlol_%28Yumpanlol%29_-_a_6th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_copper_manuscript_text_-_in_Meetei_script_-_works_on_sensuality_%26_relationship_between_husbands_%26_wives_and_how_to_run_a_household_in_Ancient_Kangleipak_civilisation_state.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Yumbanlol_%28Yumpanlol%29_-_a_6th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_copper_manuscript_text_-_in_Meetei_script_-_works_on_sensuality_%26_relationship_between_husbands_%26_wives_and_how_to_run_a_household_in_Ancient_Kangleipak_civilisation_state.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Yumbanlol_%28Yumpanlol%29_-_a_6th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_copper_manuscript_text_-_in_Meetei_script_-_works_on_sensuality_%26_relationship_between_husbands_%26_wives_and_how_to_run_a_household_in_Ancient_Kangleipak_civilisation_state.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>Yumbanlol (Yumpanlol), a group of 6th century Classical Meitei language <a href="/wiki/Indian_copper_plate_inscriptions" title="Indian copper plate inscriptions">copper plate inscriptions</a>, written in <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Meitei language has existed for at least 2000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-iias.ac.in_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iias.ac.in-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to linguist <a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterjee">Suniti Kumar Chatterjee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_literature" title="Ancient Meitei literature">ancient Meitei literature</a> dates back to 1500 to 2000 years <a href="/wiki/Before_present" class="mw-redirect" title="Before present">before present</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Millennium_CE">First Millennium CE</h3></div> <p>The earliest known Meitei language compositions is the ritual song <i><a href="/wiki/Ougri" title="Ougri">Ougri</a></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯑꯧꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ</span>), which was used in religious and coronation ceremonies of <a href="/wiki/Kangleipak" title="Kangleipak">Kangleipak</a>. It may have existed before the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Numit_Kappa" title="Numit Kappa">Numit Kappa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Meitei</a>: <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯥꯞꯄ</span></span></span>, <small>transl: </small> The Shooting of the Sun), a religious epic that tells the tale of how the night was divided from the day, was also composed in the first century.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Poireiton_Khunthok" title="Poireiton Khunthok">Poireiton Khunthok</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Meitei</a>: <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯄꯣꯢꯔꯩꯇꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯟꯊꯣꯛ</span></span></span>, <small>transl: </small> The Immigration of Poireiton) is a 3rd-century narrative work describing the establishment of a colony in Kangleipak by a group of immigrants led by <a href="/wiki/Poireiton" title="Poireiton">Poireiton</a>, the younger brother of the god of the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Yumbanlol</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Indian_copper_plate_inscriptions" title="Indian copper plate inscriptions">copper plate manuscript</a> was composed in the 6th century or 7th century CE for the royal family of Kangleipak. It is a rare work of <a href="/wiki/Dharmashastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmashastra">dharmashastra</a>, covering sexuality, the relationships between husbands and wives, and instructions on how to run a household.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Khencho</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣ</span>), an early Meitei work of poetry was composed by the beginning of the 7th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is obscure and unintelligible to present-day Meiteis, it is still recited as part of the <a href="/wiki/Lai_Haraoba" title="Lai Haraoba">Lai Haraoba</a> festival.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the best-preserved early Meitei language epigraphic records is a <a href="/wiki/Indian_copper_plate_inscriptions" title="Indian copper plate inscriptions">copper plate inscription</a> dating to the reign of King Khongtekcha (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 763 – 773 CE</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-aponpath.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aponpath.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same time period, Akoijam Tombi composed the <i><a href="/wiki/Panthoibi_Khonggul" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthoibi Khonggul">Panthoibi Khonggul</a></i> (<span title="Old Manipuri-language text"><span lang="omp"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯀꯨꯜ</span></span></span>), an account of the romantic adventures of the <a href="/wiki/Deification" class="mw-redirect" title="Deification">deified</a> Meitei princess <a href="/wiki/Panthoibi" title="Panthoibi">Panthoibi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Glimpses_Panthoibi_Khongul_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Glimpses_Panthoibi_Khongul-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Millennium_CE">Second Millennium CE</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_page_of_Loyumba_Silyen_(Loiyumpa_Silyel)_-_11th-12th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_Constitution_of_the_then_Kangleipak_civilisation_state_-_in_traditional_Meetei_Mayek_writing_system_(Manipur_State_Archives).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_first_page_of_Loyumba_Silyen_%28Loiyumpa_Silyel%29_-_11th-12th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_Constitution_of_the_then_Kangleipak_civilisation_state_-_in_traditional_Meetei_Mayek_writing_system_%28Manipur_State_Archives%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_first_page_of_Loyumba_Silyen_%28Loiyumpa_Silyel%29_-_11th-12th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_Constitution_of_the_then_Kangleipak_civilisation_state_-_in_traditional_Meetei_Mayek_writing_system_%28Manipur_State_Archives%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_first_page_of_Loyumba_Silyen_%28Loiyumpa_Silyel%29_-_11th-12th_century_Classical_Meitei_language_Constitution_of_the_then_Kangleipak_civilisation_state_-_in_traditional_Meetei_Mayek_writing_system_%28Manipur_State_Archives%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The first page of Loyumba Shinyen, the 11th-12th century Meitei-language constitution of Kangleipak.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1100 CE, a written constitution, (<a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language">Meitei</a>: <span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝꯄ ꯁꯤꯜꯌꯦꯜ</span></span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Loyumba_Shinyen" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyumba Shinyen">Loyumba Shinyen</a></i></span>), was finalised by King <a href="/wiki/Loiyumba" title="Loiyumba">Loiyumba</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> c. 1074 – 1112 CE</span>) of <a href="/wiki/Kangleipak" title="Kangleipak">Kangleipak</a>. It was a codification of the proto-constitution drafted by King <a href="/wiki/Naophangba" title="Naophangba">Naophangba</a> in 429 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 1675 CE, the Meitei language experienced no significant influence from any other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-iias.ac.in_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iias.ac.in-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the late 17th century, Hindu influence on Meitei culture increased, and the Meitei language experienced some influences from other languages, on its <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology (linguistics)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a>. At the same time, the Hinduised King <a href="/wiki/Pamheiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamheiba">Pamheiba</a> ordered that the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a> be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Bengali-Assamese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese script">Bengali-Assamese script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iias.ac.in_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iias.ac.in-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg/220px-ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg/330px-ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg/440px-ANDRO_INSCRIBED_STONE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>An 1822 CE stone recording a royal decree attributed to King <a href="/wiki/Ching-Thang_Khomba" title="Ching-Thang Khomba">Jai Singh</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1759–1762, 1763–1798</span>), erected at <a href="/wiki/Andro,_Imphal_East" title="Andro, Imphal East">Andro, Imphal East</a>, Manipur</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1725 CE, Pamheiba wrote <a href="/wiki/Meitei_translations_and_literary_adaptations_of_the_Mahabharata#History" title="Meitei translations and literary adaptations of the Mahabharata">Parikshit</a>, possibly the first piece of Meitei-language <a href="/wiki/Hindu_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu literature">Hindu literature</a>, based on the story of the eponymous king <a href="/wiki/Parikshit" title="Parikshit">Parikshit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/States_of_India_by_Meitei_speakers" title="States of India by Meitei speakers">States of India by Meitei speakers</a></div><p> The majority of Meitei speakers, about 1.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-census_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> live in the Indian state of Manupur. Meitei is the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a> as well as its <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Meitei_language_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Meitei_language-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg/220px-Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg/330px-Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg/440px-Map_of_Barak_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Barak Valley – Meitei speaking population settlement areas of Assam</figcaption></figure> <p>There are nearly 170,000 Meitei-speakers in Assam,<sup id="cite_ref-census_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Barak_Valley" title="Barak Valley">Barak Valley</a>, where it is the third most commonly-used language after Bengali and Hindi.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manipuri is also spoken by about 9500 people in Nagaland, in communities such as <a href="/wiki/Dimapur" title="Dimapur">Dimapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peren,_Nagaland" title="Peren, Nagaland">Peren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phek" title="Phek">Phek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue_mni-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meitei is a <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a> for various <a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin-Mizo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki-Chin-Mizo people">Kuki-Chin</a> ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue_mni-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg/220px-Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg/330px-Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg/440px-Sylhet_in_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>Areas with significany numbers of Meitei speakers in Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <p>There are around 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Bangladesh" title="Meitei language in Bangladesh">Meitei speakers in Bangladesh</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly are in the districts of <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_District" title="Sylhet District">Sylhet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moulvibazar_District" title="Moulvibazar District">Moulvibazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunamganj_District" title="Sunamganj District">Sunamganj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habiganj_District" title="Habiganj District">Habiganj</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_Division" title="Sylhet Division">Sylhet Division</a> of Bangladesh. In the past, there was a Meitei speaking population in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh" title="Mymensingh">Mymensingh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comilla" title="Comilla">Comilla</a> also.<sup id="cite_ref-:Bangladesh_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Bangladesh-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manipuri is used as a second language by the <a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri people">Bishnupriya Manipuri people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue_mni-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Myanmar has a significant Meitei speaking population in the states of <a href="/wiki/Kachin_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kachin state">Kachin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shan_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan state">Shan</a> and the regions of <a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ayeyarwady_Region" title="Ayeyarwady Region">Ayeyarwady</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>, the alternative names of Meitei language are <i>Kathe, Kathi, Manipuri, Meetei, Meeteilon, Meiteilon, Meiteiron, Meithe, Meithei, Menipuri, Mitei, Mithe, Ponna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue_mni-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Meitei</i> or its alternate spelling <i>Meithei</i> is preferred by many native speakers of Meitei over <i>Manipuri.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is derived from the Meitei word for the language <i>Meitheirón</i> (<i>Meithei</i> + <i>-lon</i> 'language', pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mə́i.təi.lón/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Meithei</i> may be a compound from <i>mí</i> 'man' + <i>they</i> 'separate'.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This term is used by most Western linguistic scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meitei scholars use the term <i>Meit(h)ei</i> when writing in English and the term <i>Meitheirón</i> when writing in Meitei.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chelliah (2015: 89) notes that the <i>Meitei</i> spelling has replaced the earlier <i>Meithei</i> spelling.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The language (and people) is also referred to by the loconym <i>Manipuri.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is derived from the name of the state of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Manipuri</i> is the official name of the language for the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> government and is used by government institutions and non-Meitei authors.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>Manipuri</i> is also used to refer to the different <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Manipur">languages of Manipur</a> and to the people.<sup id="cite_ref-Chelliah_1997:_2_38-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chelliah_1997:_2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <i>Manipuri,</i> being a loconym, can refer to anything pertaining to the Manipur state. </p><p>Speakers of Meitei language are known as <i>"Kathe"</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_people" title="Burmese people">Burmese people</a>, <i>"Moglie"</i> or <i>"Mekhlee"</i> by the people of <a href="/wiki/Cachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cachar">Cachar</a>, Assam (<a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assamese_people" title="Assamese people">Assamese</a>) and <i>"Cassay"</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan people</a> and the other peoples living in the east of the <a href="/wiki/Ningthee_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningthee River">Ningthee River</a> (or Khyendwen River). <i>"Ponna"</i> is the Burmese term used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meiteis</a> living inside <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2></div> <p>The Meitei language exhibits a degree of regional variation; however, in recent years the broadening of communication, as well as intermarriage, has caused the <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialectal</a> differences to become relatively insignificant. The only exceptions to this occurrence are the speech differences of the dialects found in Tripura, Bangladesh and Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact number of dialects of Meitei is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three main dialects of Meitei are: Meitei proper, Loi and Pangal. Differences between these dialects are primarily characterised by the extensions of new sounds and tonal shifts. Meitei proper is considered to be the <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard variety</a>—and is viewed as more dynamic than the other two dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brief table below compares some words in these three dialects:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Standard Meitei</th> <th>Loi</th> <th>Pangal</th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td>chaaba</td> <td>chaapa</td> <td>chaaba</td> <td>to eat </td></tr> <tr> <td>kappa</td> <td>kapma</td> <td>kappa</td> <td>to weep </td></tr> <tr> <td>saabiba</td> <td>saapipa</td> <td>saabiba</td> <td>to make </td></tr> <tr> <td>thamba</td> <td>thampa</td> <td>thamba</td> <td>to put </td></tr> <tr> <td>chuppiba</td> <td>chuppipa</td> <td>chuppiba</td> <td>to kiss </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Devi (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-Devi2002_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devi2002-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compares the <a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andro,_Imphal_East" title="Andro, Imphal East">Andro</a>, Koutruk, and <a href="/wiki/Kakching" title="Kakching">Kakching</a> dialects of Meitei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Meitei_classical_language_movement" title="Meitei classical language movement">Meitei classical language movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_associate_official_language_movement" title="Meitei associate official language movement">Meitei associate official language movement</a></div> <p>Meitei is the sole <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a>, and has been an official language of India since 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Meitei_language_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Meitei_language-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meitei language was the court language of the historic <a href="/wiki/Manipur_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipur Kingdom">Manipur Kingdom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sanajaoba_1988_290_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba_1988_290-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and before it merged into the Indian Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-:court_language_status_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:court_language_status-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>, India's National Academy of Letters, recognised Meitei as one of the major advanced Indian literary languages in 1972, long before it became an official language in 1992. In 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> did not include Meitei in its list of 14 official languages.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_movement#Scheduled_language_movement" title="Meitei language movement">language movement</a>, spearheaded by organisations including the <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_Sahitya_Parishad" title="Manipuri Sahitya Parishad">Manipuri Sahitya Parishad</a> and the All Manipur Students' Union demanded that Meitei be made an official language for more than 40 years, until Meitei was finally added to the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India">Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meitei became an associate official language of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> in 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following several years of effort by the <a href="/wiki/Meitei_associate_official_language_movement" title="Meitei associate official language movement">Meitei associate official language movement</a> to protect the identity, history, culture and tradition of Manipuris in Assam.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Meitei language is one of the 13 official languages of the India used to administer police, armed services, and civil service recruitment exams.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Press_Information_Bureau" title="Press Information Bureau">Press Information Bureau</a> of the Indian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Ministry of Information and Broadcasting</a> publishes in 14 languages, including Meitei.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <p>Meitei is a language of instruction in all in the educational institutions in Manipur. It is one of the 40 instructional languages offered by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board of Secondary Education</a> (CBSE), controlled and managed by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Ministry of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meitei is taught as a subject up to the post-graduate level in Indian universities, including <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_University" title="Jawaharlal Nehru University">Jawaharlal Nehru University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauhati_University" title="Gauhati University">Gauhati University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Bengal" title="University of North Bengal">University of North Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_National_Open_University" title="Indira Gandhi National Open University">Indira Gandhi National Open University</a> teaches Meitei to undergraduates.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assam">Assam</h3></div> <p>Meitei language instruction has been offered in the lower primary schools of Assam since 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Secondary_Education,_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Secondary Education, Assam">Board of Secondary Education, Assam</a> offers secondary education in Manipuri.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Assam_Higher_Secondary_Education_Council" title="Assam Higher Secondary Education Council">Assam Higher Secondary Education Council</a> of Assam offers both Meitei-language schooling and instruction in Meitei as a second language.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Assam_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Assam Government">Assam Government</a> has made an annual grant of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5 lakh</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5.9 lakh or US$6,800 in 2023) to the <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_Sahitya_Parishad" title="Manipuri Sahitya Parishad">Manipuri Sahitya Parishad</a> (Manipuri Language Council). It also invested <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6 crore</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>7.1 crore or US$820,000 in 2023) in the creation of a corpus for the development of the Meitei language.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Manipuri,_Assam_University" title="Department of Manipuri, Assam University">Department of Manipuri</a> of <a href="/wiki/Assam_University" title="Assam University">Assam University</a> offers education up to the Ph.D. level in Meitei language.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tripura">Tripura</h3></div> <p>Since 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tripura" title="Government of Tripura">Government of Tripura</a> has offered Meitei language as a "first language" subject at primary level in 24 schools throughout the state.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2021, <a href="/wiki/Tripura_University" title="Tripura University">Tripura University</a> proposed to the Indian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Ministry of Education</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">University Grants Council (UGC)</a>, regarding the introduction of diploma courses in Meitei, along with international languages like Japanese, Korean and Nepali.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2></div> <p>The exact classification of the Meitei language within <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> remains unclear. It has lexical resemblances to <a href="/wiki/Kuki_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki language">Kuki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tone">Tone</h3></div> <p>The Meitei language is a <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal language</a>. There is a controversy over whether there are two or three tones.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Segments">Segments</h3></div> <p>Meitei distinguishes the following <a href="/wiki/Phonemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemes">phonemes</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Consonants</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiceless</a></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">unaspirated</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">unaspirated</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">breathy</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">bʱ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">dʱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɡʱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tap consonant">Tap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vowels</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">High</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Low</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: the central vowel /ɐ/ is transcribed as <ə> in recent linguistic work on Meitei. However, phonetically it is never [ə], but more usually [ɐ]. It is assimilated to a following approximant: /ɐw/ = [ow], /ɐj/ = [ej]. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonological_processes">Phonological processes</h3></div> <p>A velar deletion is noted to occur on the suffix -lək when following a syllable ending with a /k/ phoneme.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meitei has a <a href="/wiki/Dissimilatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissimilatory">dissimilatory</a> process similar to <a href="/wiki/Grassmann%27s_law" title="Grassmann's law">Grassmann's law</a> found in Ancient Greek and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, though occurring on the second aspirate.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, an aspirated consonant is deaspirated if preceded by an aspirated consonant (including <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/s/</span>) in the previous syllable. The deaspirated consonants are then voiced between sonorants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/tʰin-/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">pierce</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/-kʰət/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">upward</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">→</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/tʰinɡət/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">pierce upwards</p></div><p style="display: none;">/tʰin-/ + /-kʰət/ → /tʰinɡət/</p><p style="display: none;">pierce {} upward {} {pierce upwards}</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/səŋ/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">cow</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/kʰom/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">udder</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">→</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/səŋɡom/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">milk</p></div><p style="display: none;">/səŋ/ + /kʰom/ → /səŋɡom/</p><p style="display: none;">cow {} udder {} milk</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/hi-/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">trim</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/-tʰok/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">outward</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">→</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">/hidok/</p><p style="margin: 0px;">trim outwards</p></div><p style="display: none;">/hi-/ + /-tʰok/ → /hidok/</p><p style="display: none;">trim {} outward {} {trim outwards}</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_systems">Writing systems</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meitei_script">Meitei script</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Depiction_of_the_Puya_Mei_Thaba_(Burning_of_the_Meitei_texts)_ordered_by_Meitei_King_Pamheiba_(AKA_Garib_Niwaj_or_Gopal_Singh)_under_the_influence_of_Bengali_Hindu_missionary_Shantidas_Gosai_(AKA_Shantidas_Goswami_or_Shantidas_Adhikari).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Depiction_of_the_Puya_Mei_Thaba_%28Burning_of_the_Meitei_texts%29_ordered_by_Meitei_King_Pamheiba_%28AKA_Garib_Niwaj_or_Gopal_Singh%29_under_the_influence_of_Bengali_Hindu_missionary_Shantidas_Gosai_%28AKA_Shantidas_Goswami_or_Shantidas_Adhikari%29.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Depiction_of_the_Puya_Mei_Thaba_%28Burning_of_the_Meitei_texts%29_ordered_by_Meitei_King_Pamheiba_%28AKA_Garib_Niwaj_or_Gopal_Singh%29_under_the_influence_of_Bengali_Hindu_missionary_Shantidas_Gosai_%28AKA_Shantidas_Goswami_or_Shantidas_Adhikari%29.jpg/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Depiction_of_the_Puya_Mei_Thaba_%28Burning_of_the_Meitei_texts%29_ordered_by_Meitei_King_Pamheiba_%28AKA_Garib_Niwaj_or_Gopal_Singh%29_under_the_influence_of_Bengali_Hindu_missionary_Shantidas_Gosai_%28AKA_Shantidas_Goswami_or_Shantidas_Adhikari%29.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of the 18th century historic burning of texts written in Meitei script.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a> (<span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ</span></span></span>, <span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Meitei mayek</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">official scripts of the Indian Republic</a>. Meitei mayek is also known as Kanglei script (<span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯀꯪꯂꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ</span></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or kok sam lai script (<span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯀꯣꯛ ꯁꯝ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ</span></span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">kok sam lai mayeke</i></span>), after its first three letters.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its earliest known appearance is on 6th century coins.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used until the 18th century, when it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali script">Bengali script</a>, and then revived in again massively in the 20th.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the use of Meetei Mayek to write Manipuri was officially adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Manipur" title="Government of Manipur">Government of Manipur</a>, alongside Bengali script.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman alphabet has been used in medium for teaching basic Meitei as a second language teaching by the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, the Board has issued a directive that no more Manipuri textbooks using the Latin alphabet be published.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meitei language editions of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> in Roman script are very commonly used by the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Manipur" title="Christianity in Manipur">Christians</a> in Manipur.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Naoriya_Phulo_script" title="Naoriya Phulo script">Naoriya Phulo script</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Constructed_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed script">constructed script</a>, invented by Laininghan Naoriya Phulo (1888–1941). It shares many similarities with <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> and Bengali script.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was championed by <a href="/wiki/Apokpa_Marup" title="Apokpa Marup">Apokpa Marup</a>, but never widely adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2></div> <p>Sentences in the Meitei language use the <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">subject–object–verb word order</a> (SOV). For example, in the sentence <i>Ei chak chai</i> (ꯑꯩ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯢ), which translates to <i>I eat rice</i>, the gloss is "ei" (I), "chak" (rice), "chai" (eat). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3></div> <p>Nouns and pronouns are marked for number in Meitei. The plural is indicated by the suffixes -khoi (for personal pronouns and human proper nouns) and -sing (for all other nouns). Verbs associated with the pluralised nouns are unaffected. Examples are demonstrated below:<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_2013_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_2013-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Noun (Meitei)</th> <th>Noun (English)</th> <th>Example (Meitei)</th> <th>Example (English) </th></tr> <tr> <td>angaang</td> <td>baby</td> <td>angaang kappi</td> <td>Baby cries. </td></tr> <tr> <td>angaangsing</td> <td>babies</td> <td>angaangsing kappi</td> <td>Babies cry. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When adjectives are used to be more clear, Meitei utilises separate words and does not add a suffix to the noun. Examples are show in the chart below:<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_2013_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_2013-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Adjective (Meitei)</th> <th>Adjective (English)</th> <th>Example (Meitei)</th> <th>Example (English) </th></tr> <tr> <td>ama</td> <td>one</td> <td>mi ama laak’i</td> <td>A person comes. </td></tr> <tr> <td>khara</td> <td>some</td> <td>mi khara laak’i</td> <td>Some persons come. </td></tr> <tr> <td>mayaam</td> <td>many</td> <td>mi mayaam laak’i</td> <td>Many persons come. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_verbs">Compound verbs</h3></div> <p>Compound verbs are created by combining root verbs each ending with aspect markers. While the variety of suffixes is high, all compound verbs utilise one of two:<sup id="cite_ref-Devi_2014_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devi_2014-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Suffix</th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td>-thok</td> <td>out/ come out </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ning</td> <td>To wish/ want/ desire </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Aspect markers appear as suffixes that clarify verb tense and appear at the end of the compound verb. Overall, the formula to construct a compound verb becomes [root verb] + [suffix] + [aspect marker]:<sup id="cite_ref-Devi_2014_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devi_2014-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Root verb</th> <th>Suffix</th> <th>Aspect marker</th> <th>Combined form </th></tr> <tr> <td>Meitei</td> <td>tum</td> <td>-thok</td> <td>-le</td> <td>tumthokle </td></tr> <tr> <td>English</td> <td>sleep</td> <td>out/ come out</td> <td>perfect aspect</td> <td>has started sleeping </td></tr> <tr> <td>Meitei</td> <td>tum</td> <td>-ning</td> <td>-le</td> <td>tumningle </td></tr> <tr> <td>English</td> <td>sleep</td> <td>want</td> <td>perfect aspect</td> <td>has felt sleepy </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Compound verbs can also be formed utilising both compound suffixes as well, allowing utterances such as <i>pithokningle</i> meaning "want to give out". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_words">Number words</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Meitei_numerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei numerals">Meitei numerals</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Numeral</th> <th>Word</th> <th>Etymology</th> <th>Meitei Script </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>a-ma ~ a-maa</td> <td>"1"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯑꯃꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>a-ni</td> <td>Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ni</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯑꯅꯤ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>a-húm</td> <td>PTB *sum</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯑꯍꯨꯝ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>ma-ri</td> <td>PTB *li</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯔꯤ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>ma-ngaa</td> <td>PTB *ŋa</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯉꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>ta-ruk</td> <td>PTB *luk</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯨꯛ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>ta-ret</td> <td>PTB *let</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯦꯠ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>ni-paan</td> <td>"2-less"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>maa-pan</td> <td>"1-less"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯥꯄꯟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>ta-raa</td> <td>"10"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>taraa-maa-thoi</td> <td>"ten + 1-more"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯊꯣꯏ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>taraa-ni-thoi</td> <td>"ten + 2-more"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>taraa-húm-doi</td> <td>"ten + 3-more"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯍꯨꯝꯗꯣꯏ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>taraa-mari</td> <td>"ten +4"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯔꯤ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>taraa-mangaa</td> <td>"ten +5"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯉꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>taraa-taruk</td> <td>"ten +6"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯨꯛ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>taraa-taret</td> <td>"ten +7"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯦꯠ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>taraa-nipaan</td> <td>"ten +8"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>taraa-maapan</td> <td>"ten +9"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯄꯟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>kun ~ kul</td> <td>"score"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯀꯨꯟ ~ ꯀꯨꯜ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>*kun-taraa > kun-thraa</td> <td>"score ten"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯀꯨꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>ni-phú</td> <td>"two score"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯅꯤꯐꯨ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>yaang-khéi</td> <td>"half hundred"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯌꯥꯡꯈꯩ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td>hum-phú</td> <td>"three score"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯍꯨꯝꯐꯨ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td>hum-phú-taraa</td> <td>"three score ten"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯍꯨꯝꯐꯨꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>mari-phú</td> <td>"four score"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td>mari-phú-taraa</td> <td>"four score ten"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>chaama</td> <td>"one hundred"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯆꯥꯃ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>cha-ni</td> <td>"two hundreds"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯆꯥꯅꯤ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>300</td> <td>cha-hum</td> <td>"three hundreds"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯆꯥꯍꯨꯝ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>400</td> <td>cha-mri</td> <td>"four hundreds"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯆꯥꯃ꯭ꯔꯤ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>500</td> <td>cha-mangaa</td> <td>"five hundreds"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯆꯥꯃꯉꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,000</td> <td>lisíng ama</td> <td>"one thousand"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10,000</td> <td>lisīng-taraa</td> <td>"ten thousands"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,00,000</td> <td>licha</td> <td>"one hundred-thousand"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯆꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10,00,000</td> <td>licha-taraa</td> <td>"ten hundred-thousands"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯆꯥꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,00,00,000</td> <td>leepun</td> <td>"one ten-million"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10,00,00,000</td> <td>leepun-taraa</td> <td>"ten ten-millions"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,00,00,00,000</td> <td>leepot</td> <td>"one billion"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯄꯣꯠ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10,00,00,00,000</td> <td>leepot-taraa</td> <td>"ten billions"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯄꯣꯠꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,00,00,00,00,000</td> <td>leekei</td> <td>"one hundred-billion"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯀꯩ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10,00,00,00,00,000</td> <td>leekei-taraa</td> <td>"ten hundred-billions"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯤꯀꯩꯇꯔꯥ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,00,00,00,00,00,000</td> <td>pu-ama</td> <td>"one ten-trillion"</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Meitei_literature" title="Ancient Meitei literature">Ancient Meitei literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_literature" title="Meitei literature">Meitei literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22,_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_(in_archaic_Meitei_script).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22%2C_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_%28in_archaic_Meitei_script%29.jpg/220px-The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22%2C_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_%28in_archaic_Meitei_script%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22%2C_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_%28in_archaic_Meitei_script%29.jpg/330px-The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22%2C_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_%28in_archaic_Meitei_script%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22%2C_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_%28in_archaic_Meitei_script%29.jpg/440px-The_classical_Meitei_epic_of_the_%22Numit_Kappa%22%2C_written_in_ancient_Meitei_language_%28in_archaic_Meitei_script%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2355" data-file-height="2021" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Numit_Kappa" title="Numit Kappa">Numit Kappa</a>, a Classical Meitei 1st century epic based on Meitei mythology and religion.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Khamba_Thoibi_Sheireng" title="Khamba Thoibi Sheireng">Khamba Thoibi Sheireng</a></i>, a poem of 39,000 verses composed by Hijam Anganghal Singh and first published in 1940 (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a>: <span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ">ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ</a></span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Poem on <a href="/wiki/Khamba_Thoibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamba Thoibi">Khamba Thoibi</a></i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is regarded as the <a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">national epic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manipuris" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuris">Manipuris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-George_1992_258_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_1992_258-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a classical Meitei language <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a> based on the ancient romantic adventure tale of <a href="/wiki/Khamba_and_Thoibi" title="Khamba and Thoibi">Khamba and Thoibi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moirang" title="Moirang">Moirang</a>. It is regarded as the greatest of all Meitei epic poems.<sup id="cite_ref-Datta_1988_1573_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datta_1988_1573-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:Sisir_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Sisir-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Meitei_classical_language_movement" title="Meitei classical language movement">Meitei classical language movement</a> seeks to gain recognition for Meitei as one of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Languages of India">Classical Languages of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annual_events">Annual events</h2></div> <p>Various annual events are organised to promote, protect and develop Meitei language, in the sovereign states of India and Bangladesh in particular as well as in other parts of the world in general. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language day">Manipuri language day</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a>: <span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Manipuri Lon-gi Numit</i></span>) is observed annually on 20 August, commemorating the day in 1992 when Manipuri was made one of the <a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of India">official languages of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_poetry_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri poetry day">Manipuri poetry day</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a>: <span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Manipuri Sheirenggi Numit</i></span>), is an annual literary event that promotes Meitei language poetry and the traditions of <a href="/wiki/Meitei_literature" title="Meitei literature">Meitei literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Events are held in <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> and in and by Meitei-speakers in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_Language_Festival" title="Manipuri Language Festival">Manipuri Language Festival</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a>: <span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Meitei-language romanization"><i lang="mni-Latn">Manipuri Lon-gi Kummei</i></span>) is an annual cultural event that aims to protect and develop of the Meitei language, script and <a href="/wiki/Meitei_culture" title="Meitei culture">culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Meitei_input_methods" title="Meitei input methods">Meitei input methods</a></div> <p>In 2021, Rudali Huidrom, a Manipuri researcher of the EBMT/NLP laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, created a <a href="/wiki/Text_corpus" title="Text corpus">text corpus</a> named "EM Corpus" (shortened form of "Emalon Manipuri Corpus"). It is the first comparable <a href="/wiki/Text_corpus" title="Text corpus">text to text corpus</a> built for Meitei language (mni) and English language (eng) pair from sentences. The writing system used for Meitei language in this corpus is <a href="/wiki/Bengali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali script">Bengali script</a>. It was crawled and collected from <i>thesangaiexpress.com</i> – the news website of "<a href="/wiki/The_Sangai_Express" title="The Sangai Express">The Sangai Express</a>", a daily newspaper of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> from August 2020 to 2021. In version 1, she created the monolingual data, having 1,034,715 Meitei language sentences and 846,796 English language sentences. In version 2, she created the monolingual data, having 1,880,035 Meitei language sentences and 1,450,053 English language sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-RudaliHuidrom_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RudaliHuidrom-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-catalog.elra.info_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catalog.elra.info-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>EM-ALBERT is the first ALBERT model available for Meitei language. EM-FT is also <a href="/wiki/FastText" title="FastText">FastText</a> word embedding available for Meitei language. These resources were created by Rudali Huidrom and are now available at free of cost at the European Language Resources Association catalogue (ELRA catalogue) under CC-BY-NC-4.0 licence.<sup id="cite_ref-RudaliHuidrom_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RudaliHuidrom-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-catalog.elra.info_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catalog.elra.info-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_(Manipuri)_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_%28Manipuri%29_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg/330px-Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_%28Manipuri%29_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_%28Manipuri%29_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg/495px-Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_%28Manipuri%29_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_%28Manipuri%29_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg/660px-Google_Translate_-_English_to_Meiteilon_%28Manipuri%29_-_%22What_is_your_name%3F%22_-_Screenshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2169" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>A screen shot of <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a> translating a sentence from English language into Meitei language</figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 May 2022, <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a> added Meitei-language (under the name <i><b>"Meiteilon (Manipuri)"</b></i>) during its addition of 24 new languages to the translation tool. The writing system used for Meitei language in this tool is <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2></div> <p>The following is a sample text in Modern Meitei of the Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259558396"><span class="script-meetei_mayek">ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯖꯖꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯛ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯂꯧꯖꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯏ, ꯑꯐ ꯐꯠꯇ ꯈꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫</span></span></span> (in <a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei script</a>) </p><p><span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni">মিওইবা খুদিংমক পোকপা মতমদা নিংতম্মী, অমদি ইজ্জৎ অমসুং হক মান্ননা লৌজৈ । মখোই পুম্নমক ৱাখল লৌশিং শেঙই, অফ ফত্তা খঙই, অদুনা অমনা অমগা লোইনবদা মচীন মনাওগুম্না লোইনগদবনি ।</span></span> (in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali script">Bengali script</a>) </p><p><span title="Meitei-language text"><i lang="mni">Mioiba khudingmak pokpa matamda ningtammi amadi ijjat amasung hak mānnana leijei, makhoi pumnamak wākhal loushing shengi, apha phatta khangi, aduna amana amaga loinabada machin manāogumna loinagadabani.</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_transliteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman transliteration">Roman transliteration</a>) </p><p><span title="Meitei-language text"><span lang="mni"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">míːójbə<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰud̯íŋmək<span class="wrap"> </span>pókpə<span class="wrap"> </span>mət̯ə̀md̯ə<span class="wrap"> </span>níːŋt̯ə̀mmi,<span class="wrap"> </span>əməd̯i<span class="wrap"> </span>iːdʒət<span class="wrap"> </span>əməʃùng<span class="wrap"> </span>hə́k<span class="wrap"> </span>màːnənə<span class="wrap"> </span>lɐ̀jdʒɐ̀j.<span class="wrap"> </span>məkʰój<span class="wrap"> </span>púmnəmək<span class="wrap"> </span>wakʰə̀l<span class="wrap"> </span>lə̀wʃiŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃèŋi,<span class="wrap"> </span>əpʱə̀<span class="wrap"> </span>pʱə́ːt̯ə<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰə́ŋi,<span class="wrap"> </span>əd̯unə<span class="wrap"> </span>əmənə<span class="wrap"> </span>əməgə<span class="wrap"> </span>lòjnəbəd̯ə<span class="wrap"> </span>mət͡ʃìn<span class="wrap"> </span>mənáwgùmnə<span class="wrap"> </span>lójnəgəd̯əbəni'</span></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transliteration). </p><p> English: <span lang="en">All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</span> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/21px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/42px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/19px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/29px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/38px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Languages">Languages</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-linguistics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/17px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/26px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/34px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="29" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linguistics" title="Portal:Linguistics">Linguistics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/21px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/42px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei language in India">Meitei language in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Assam" title="Meitei language in Assam">Meitei language in Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Tripura" title="Meitei language in Tripura">Meitei language in Tripura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Bangladesh" title="Meitei language in Bangladesh">Meitei language in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei language in Myanmar">Meitei language in Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">List of languages by number of native speakers in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_poets#Manipuri" title="List of Indian poets">List of Meitei poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_inscriptions" title="Meitei inscriptions">Meitei inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_literature" title="Meitei literature">Meitei literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_Language_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Language Day">Meitei Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_Meitei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of epics in Meitei language">List of epics in Meitei language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Award_winners_for_Meitei" title="List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Meitei">List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Translation_Prize_winners_for_Meitei" title="List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Meitei">List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yuva_Puraskar_winners_for_Meitei" title="List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Meitei">List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bal_Sahitya_Puraskar_winners_for_Meitei" title="List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Meitei">List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikaspedia" title="Vikaspedia">Vikaspedia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Meitei-language translation of the passage of the Article 1 has two foreign words present, "ꯏꯖꯖꯠ" ("iːdʒət") and "ꯍꯛ" ("hə́k"), meaning "dignity" and "rights" respectively, as given in the source website. The original Meitei-language terms for "dignity" and "rights" are "ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ" ("í.kai kʰum.nə.bə") and "ꯐꯪꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ" ("pʰəŋ.pʰəm tʰok.pə") respectively.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chelliah-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chelliah_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChelliahRay2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shobhana_Chelliah" title="Shobhana Chelliah">Chelliah, Shobhana Lakshmi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sohini_Ray" title="Sohini Ray">Ray, Sohini</a> (23 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1631609/">"Discovering Tibeto-Burman Linguistic History Through Pre 20th Century Meithei Manuscripts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UNT_Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="UNT Digital Library">UNT Digital Library</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas" title="University of North Texas">University of North Texas</a> (UNT). <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_Libraries" title="University of North Texas Libraries">University of North Texas Libraries</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNT+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Discovering+Tibeto-Burman+Linguistic+History+Through+Pre+20th+Century+Meithei+Manuscripts&rft.date=2000-06-23&rft.aulast=Chelliah&rft.aufirst=Shobhana+Lakshmi&rft.au=Ray%2C+Sohini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc1631609%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e25_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e25_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e25_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/mni">Manipuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/omp">Old Manipuri</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue_mni-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_mni_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724203234/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/">"Meitei | Ethnologue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/">the original</a> on 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Meitei+%7C+Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fmni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Meithei" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Meithei">"Meithei"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Meithei&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DMeithei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica_Meitei_language-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Meitei_language_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Meitei_language_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Meitei_language_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language">"Manipuri language"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FManipuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf">"Language – India, States and Union Territories"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i>. Office of the Registrar General. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India+2011&rft.atitle=Language+%E2%80%93+India%2C+States+and+Union+Territories&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011Census%2FC-16_25062018_NEW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunil2015" class="citation web cs1">Sunil, Oinam (14 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Manipuris-in-Mandalay-see-ray-of-hope-in-Modi/articleshow/48059811.cms">"Manipuris in Mandalay see ray of hope in Modi"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Manipuris+in+Mandalay+see+ray+of+hope+in+Modi&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft.aulast=Sunil&rft.aufirst=Oinam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fguwahati%2FManipuris-in-Mandalay-see-ray-of-hope-in-Modi%2Farticleshow%2F48059811.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR2019" class="citation news cs1">R, Aishwaryaa (6 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/india/what-census-data-reveals-about-use-of-indian-languages-738340.html">"What census data reveals about use of Indian languages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=What+census+data+reveals+about+use+of+Indian+languages&rft.date=2019-06-06&rft.aulast=R&rft.aufirst=Aishwaryaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Findia%2Fwhat-census-data-reveals-about-use-of-indian-languages-738340.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2010" class="citation book cs1">Moseley, C., ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026"><i>Atlas of the world's languages in danger (3rd ed)</i></a>. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. pp. 44–45 and elsewhere.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+world%27s+languages+in+danger+%283rd+ed%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=44-45+and+elsewhere&rft.pub=UNESCO+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000187026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2014" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA23"><i>The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious [sic] Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India</i></a>. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-84318-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-84318-00-0"><bdi>978-93-84318-00-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Endless+Kabaw+Valley%3A+British+Created+Visious+%5Bsic%5D+Cycle+of+Manipur%2C+Burma+and+India&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Quills+Ink+Publishing&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.isbn=978-93-84318-00-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Dr+Th+Suresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkbu_AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dluwang%2Bkhuman%2Bangom%2Blanguage%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanajaoba1988" class="citation book cs1">Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA10"><i>Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization</i></a>. Mittal Publications. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-853-2"><bdi>978-81-7099-853-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipur%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+The+Heritage+and+Ordeals+of+a+Civilization&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-853-2&rft.aulast=Sanajaoba&rft.aufirst=Naorem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CzSQKVmveUC%26dq%3Dluwang%2Bkhuman%2Bangom%2Blanguage%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiri2003" class="citation book cs1">Miri, Mrinal (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qfSz3UOAxM4C&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA77"><i>Linguistic Situation in North-East India</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-026-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-026-6"><bdi>978-81-8069-026-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistic+Situation+in+North-East+India&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-026-6&rft.aulast=Miri&rft.aufirst=Mrinal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqfSz3UOAxM4C%26dq%3Dluwang%2Bkhuman%2Bangom%2Blanguage%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2000" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Chungkham Yashwanta (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pCtkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Manipuri Grammar</i></a>. Rajesh Publications. pp. 2, 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85891-33-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85891-33-0"><bdi>978-81-85891-33-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manipuri+Grammar&rft.pages=2%2C+202&rft.pub=Rajesh+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-85891-33-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Chungkham+Yashwanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpCtkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyappappanikkar1997" class="citation book cs1">Ayyappappanikkar (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA333"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5"><bdi>978-81-260-0365-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0365-5&rft.au=Ayyappappanikkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26dq%3Dluwang%2Bkhuman%2Bangom%2Blanguage%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Aspects_of_Manipuri_language_and_its_literary_traditions_By_Ahanthem_Homen.html..">"Aspects of Manipuri language and its literary traditions By Ahanthem Homen"</a>. <i>e-pao.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e-pao.net&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+Manipuri+language+and+its+literary+traditions+By+Ahanthem+Homen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe-pao.net%2FepPageExtractor.asp%3Fsrc%3Deducation.Aspects_of_Manipuri_language_and_its_literary_traditions_By_Ahanthem_Homen.html..&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/">"Meitei | Ethnologue Free"</a>. <i>Ethnologue (Free All)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue+%28Free+All%29&rft.atitle=Meitei+%7C+Ethnologue+Free&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fmni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language">"Manipuri language | Manipuri language | Meitei, India, Tibeto-Burman | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language+%7C+Manipuri+language+%7C+Meitei%2C+India%2C+Tibeto-Burman+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FManipuri-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iias.ac.in/events/a-history-of-manipuri-language/">"A History of Manipuri Language – Indian Institute of Advanced Study"</a>. <i>iias.ac.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study" title="Indian Institute of Advanced Study">Indian Institute of Advanced Study</a> (IIAS), <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Ministry of Education</a> (MoE), Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iias.ac.in&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Manipuri+Language+%E2%80%93+Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiias.ac.in%2Fevents%2Fa-history-of-manipuri-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mani1292">"Glottolog 4.8 – Manipuri"</a>. <i>glottolog.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glottolog.org&rft.atitle=Glottolog+4.8+%E2%80%93+Manipuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fmani1292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iias.ac.in-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iias.ac.in_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iias.ac.in_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iias.ac.in_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iias.ac.in/events/a-history-of-manipuri-language/">"A History of Manipuri Language – Indian Institute of Advanced Study"</a>. <i>iias.ac.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study" title="Indian Institute of Advanced Study">Indian Institute of Advanced Study</a> (IIAS), <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Ministry of Education</a> (MoE), Government of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iias.ac.in&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Manipuri+Language+%E2%80%93+Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiias.ac.in%2Fevents%2Fa-history-of-manipuri-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterji1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Chatterji, Suniti Kumar</a> (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32096/page/n187/mode/2up"><i>Kirata-jana-krti</i></a>. Kolkata: <a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society" title="The Asiatic Society">The Asiatic Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Library_of_India" title="Digital Library of India">Digital Library of India</a>; <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. pp. 157, 158. <q>... The beginnings of this Old Manipuri literature (as in the case of Newari) may go back to 1500 years, or even 2000 years, from now. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kirata-jana-krti&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=157%2C+158&rft.pub=The+Asiatic+Society%2C+Digital+Library+of+India%3B+Internet+Archive&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Chatterji&rft.aufirst=Suniti+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.32096%2Fpage%2Fn187%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyappappanikkar1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ayyappa_Paniker" title="Ayyappa Paniker">Ayyappappanikkar</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA329"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">326–</span>329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5"><bdi>978-81-260-0365-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E326-%3C%2Fspan%3E329&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0365-5&rft.au=Ayyappappanikkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26pg%3DPA329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoutersSubba2022" class="citation book cs1">Wouters, Jelle J. P.; Subba, Tanka B. 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India: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Library_of_India" title="Digital Library of India">Digital Library of India</a>. pp. 121, 122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poireiton+Khunthokpa&rft.btitle=History+Of+Old+Manipuri+Literature&rft.place=India&rft.pages=121%2C+122&rft.pub=Digital+Library+of+India&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Khelchandra+Ningthoukhongjam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.466183%2Fpage%2Fn121%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/34231921/manuscript-treasures-of-india-national-mission-for-manuscripts/88">"Vijñānanidhi: National Mission of Manuscripts"</a>. <i>Yumpu</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yumpu&rft.atitle=Vij%C3%B1%C4%81nanidhi%3A+National+Mission+of+Manuscripts&rft.pages=88%2C+89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fread%2F34231921%2Fmanuscript-treasures-of-india-national-mission-for-manuscripts%2F88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Ningthoukhongjam_Khelchandra" title="Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra">Singh, Khelchandra Ningthoukhongjam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466183/page/n97/mode/2up">"Khencho"</a>. <i>History Of Old Manipuri Literature</i> (in Manipuri). <a href="/wiki/Manipur_University" title="Manipur University">Manipur University</a> Library; North Eastern States Libraries. 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Lulu.com. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-359-72919-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-359-72919-7"><bdi>978-0-359-72919-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimpses+of+Manipuri+Culture&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.isbn=978-0-359-72919-7&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Dr+Yumlembam+Gopi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgxqeDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dpanthoibi%2Bkhongul%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanajaoba1993" class="citation book cs1">Sanajaoba, Naorem (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&dq=loyumba+shinyen+final+document&pg=PP2"><i>Manipur: Treatise & Documents</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>In addition to Assamese, the other MIL subjects are Bengali, Bodo, Hindi, Manipuri, Hmar, Nepali, Mizo, Khasi, Garo, Karbi and Urdu.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India.com&rft.atitle=Assam+HSLC+Exam+Routine+2023+Revised%3A+SEBA+To+Conduct+All+Class+10+Language+Papers+Including+English+On+April+1&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.com%2Feducation%2Fassam-hslc-exam-routine-2023-revised-seba-to-conduct-all-class-10-language-paper-including-english-on-april-1-after-assamese-paper-leak-himanta-biswa-sarma-5950004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahsec.assam.gov.in/index.php/hs-2nd-year-syllabus/">"AHSEC complete syllabus for HS 2nd year"</a>. <i>ahsec.assam.gov.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ahsec.assam.gov.in&rft.atitle=AHSEC+complete+syllabus+for+HS+2nd+year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahsec.assam.gov.in%2Findex.php%2Fhs-2nd-year-syllabus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aus.ac.in/manipuri-department/">"Manipuri Department"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>Moreover, Manipuri in MA and PhD courses are offered at Assam University, Silchar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesangaiexpress.com&rft.atitle=5+literary+bodies+bat+for+Manipuri+language+in+Assam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesangaiexpress.com%2FEncyc%2F2020%2F8%2F3%2F5-literary-bodies-bat-for-Manipuri-language-in-Assam.amp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.time8.in/aamsu-demands-associate-official-language-status-to-manipuri-language/">"AAMSU demands Associate Official Language status to Manipuri language"</a>. <i>www.time8.in</i>. <q>Several universities, notably Assam University and Silchar University, provide Manipuri language courses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.time8.in&rft.atitle=AAMSU+demands+Associate+Official+Language+status+to+Manipuri+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.time8.in%2Faamsu-demands-associate-official-language-status-to-manipuri-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/manipuri#:~:text=The%20government%20of%20Tripura%20has,notified%20schools%20throughout%20the%20state.">"MANIPURI | DIRECTORATE OF KOKBOROK & OTHER MINORITY LANGUAGES"</a>. <i>kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hueiyenlanpao.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B+%3A+%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF+%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE+-+%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AE+%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhueiyenlanpao.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F06%2F12.11.2019-B7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Wahengbam Ibohal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463276/page/n501/mode/2up?q=Naoriya+phullo"><i>The History Of Manipur</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Library_of_India" title="Digital Library of India">Digital Library of India</a>. p. 501.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+Of+Manipur&rft.place=India&rft.pages=501&rft.pub=Digital+Library+of+India&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Wahengbam+Ibohal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.463276%2Fpage%2Fn501%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DNaoriya%2Bphullo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh_2013-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_2013_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_2013_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2013" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, S. Indrakumar (November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2013/indrakumaragreementsmanipurifinal.pdf">"Agreements in Manipuri"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Language in India</i>. <b>13</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">216–</span>231.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+in+India&rft.atitle=Agreements+in+Manipuri&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E216-%3C%2Fspan%3E231&rft.date=2013-11&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=S.+Indrakumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languageinindia.com%2Fnov2013%2Findrakumaragreementsmanipurifinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devi_2014-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Devi_2014_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Devi_2014_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Devi, M. Bidyarani (May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languageinindia.com/may2014/bidyaranimanipuricompoundverbsfinal.pdf">"Compound Verbs in Manipuri"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Language in India</i>. <b>14</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">66–</span>70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+in+India&rft.atitle=Compound+Verbs+in+Manipuri&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2014-05&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=M.+Bidyarani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languageinindia.com%2Fmay2014%2Fbidyaranimanipuricompoundverbsfinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1992" class="citation book cs1">George, K. M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA29"><i>Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems</i></a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-324-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-324-0"><bdi>978-81-7201-324-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Indian+Literature%2C+an+Anthology%3A+Surveys+and+poems&rft.place=India&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-7201-324-0&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1R2Pa3f7r0C%26dq%3DKhamba%2BThoibi%2BSheireng%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George_1992_258-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-George_1992_258_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1992" class="citation book cs1">George, K. M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA258"><i>Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems</i></a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-324-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-324-0"><bdi>978-81-7201-324-0</bdi></a>. <q>H. Anganghal Singh's Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (Poem on Khamba Thoibi, 1940) is a national epic of the Manipuris based on the story of Khamba and Thoibi of Moirang. The poet composes the whole epic in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads sung by minstrels or bards popular in Manipur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Indian+Literature%2C+an+Anthology%3A+Surveys+and+poems&rft.place=India&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-7201-324-0&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1R2Pa3f7r0C%26dq%3DKhamba%2BThoibi%2BSheireng%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1186"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti</i></a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. p. 1186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0"><bdi>978-81-260-1194-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature%3A+Devraj+to+Jyoti&rft.place=India&rft.pages=1186&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1194-0&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26dq%3DKhamba%2BThoibi%2BSheireng%26pg%3DPA1186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Datta_1988_1573-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Datta_1988_1573_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1573"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti</i></a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. p. 1573. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0"><bdi>978-81-260-1194-0</bdi></a>. <q>His best work, Khamba Thoibi sheireng, in 39,000 lines on the story of 'Khamba and Thoibi' was started in 1939 and the composition was completed in 1940.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature%3A+Devraj+to+Jyoti&rft.place=India&rft.pages=1573&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1194-0&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26dq%3DKhamba%2BThoibi%2BSheireng%26pg%3DPA1573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Sisir-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Sisir_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2005" class="citation book cs1">Das, Sisir Kumar (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA190"><i>A History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a>. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-798-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-798-9"><bdi>978-81-7201-798-9</bdi></a>. <q>His epic Singel Indu was published in 1938 which was followed by his magnum opus Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (1940), a poem of 39000 lines, considered to be the 'national' epic of the Manipuris, written in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indian+Literature%3A+1911%E2%80%931956%2C+struggle+for+freedom+%3A+triumph+and+tragedy&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7201-798-9&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Sisir+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsqBjpV9OzcsC%26dq%3DKhamba%2BThoibi%2BSheireng%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_8DwAAQBAJ&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Seireng&pg=PA1582"><i>AKASHVANI: Vol. XL. No. 35 ( 31 AUGUST, 1975 )</i></a>. New Delhi: All India Radio (AIR). 31 August 1975. p. 1582.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AKASHVANI%3A+Vol.+XL.+No.+35+%28+31+AUGUST%2C+1975+%29&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=1582&rft.pub=All+India+Radio+%28AIR%29&rft.date=1975-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgL_8DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DKhamba%2BThoibi%2BSeireng%26pg%3DPA1582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/government-must-take-concrete-step-for-recognition-of-manipuri-as-classical-language">"Government must take concrete step for recognition of Manipuri as classical language"</a>. <i>Imphal Free Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imphal+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Government+must+take+concrete+step+for+recognition+of+Manipuri+as+classical+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifp.co.in%2Fmanipur%2Fgovernment-must-take-concrete-step-for-recognition-of-manipuri-as-classical-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIANS2016" class="citation news cs1">IANS (20 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/classic-language-status-for-manipuri-demanded-116082000690_1.html">"Classic language status for Manipuri demanded"</a>. <i>Business Standard India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Classic+language+status+for+Manipuri+demanded&rft.date=2016-08-20&rft.au=IANS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fnews-ians%2Fclassic-language-status-for-manipuri-demanded-116082000690_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/manipur-govt-begins-efforts-inclusion-manipuri-among-classical-languages-397876-2019-08-21">"Manipur Govt Begins Efforts for Inclusion of Manipuri Among 'Classical' Languages"</a>. <i>India Today NE</i> (in Hindi). 21 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today+NE&rft.atitle=Manipur+Govt+Begins+Efforts+for+Inclusion+of+Manipuri+Among+%27Classical%27+Languages&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatodayne.in%2Fbreaking-news%2Fstory%2Fmanipur-govt-begins-efforts-inclusion-manipuri-among-classical-languages-397876-2019-08-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2014" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Th Suresh (2 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&dq=meitei+language+day&pg=PA24"><i>The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India</i></a>. Quills Ink Publishing. pp. 24~25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-84318-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-84318-00-0"><bdi>978-93-84318-00-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Endless+Kabaw+Valley%3A+British+Created+Visious+Cycle+of+Manipur%2C+Burma+and+India&rft.pages=24~25&rft.pub=Quills+Ink+Publishing&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.isbn=978-93-84318-00-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Th+Suresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkbu_AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmeitei%2Blanguage%2Bday%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColemanGlanvilleHasanKramer-Hamstra2012" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, Daniel; Glanville, Erin Goheen; Hasan, Wafaa; Kramer-Hamstra, Agnes (26 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eu8cTROu4LcC&dq=meitei+language+day&pg=PA131"><i>Countering Displacements: The Creativity and Resilience of Indigenous and Refugee-ed Peoples</i></a>. University of Alberta. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88864-592-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88864-592-0"><bdi>978-0-88864-592-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Countering+Displacements%3A+The+Creativity+and+Resilience+of+Indigenous+and+Refugee-ed+Peoples&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=University+of+Alberta&rft.date=2012-04-26&rft.isbn=978-0-88864-592-0&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Glanville%2C+Erin+Goheen&rft.au=Hasan%2C+Wafaa&rft.au=Kramer-Hamstra%2C+Agnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deu8cTROu4LcC%26dq%3Dmeitei%2Blanguage%2Bday%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifp.co.in/poetry/st-joseph-university-nagaland-observes-manipuri-poetry-day-2022">"St Joseph University, Nagaland observes Manipuri Poetry Day 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Imphal_Free_Press" title="Imphal Free Press">Imphal Free Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imphal+Free+Press&rft.atitle=St+Joseph+University%2C+Nagaland+observes+Manipuri+Poetry+Day+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifp.co.in%2Fpoetry%2Fst-joseph-university-nagaland-observes-manipuri-poetry-day-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=14..221021.oct21">"Manipuri Poetry Day 2021 celebrated : 22nd oct21 ~ E-Pao! Headlines"</a>. <i>e-pao.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imphaltimes.com&rft.atitle=Manipuri+in+Kolkata+observes+%22Manipuri+Poetry+Day%22+%E2%80%93+Imphal+Times&rft.aulast=Ajit&rft.aufirst=Sh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imphaltimes.com%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F15818-manipuri-in-kolkata-observes-manipuri-poetry-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/10/21/IMPHAL-Oct-21Department-of-English-St-Joseph-University-Nagaland-in-collaboration-with-Fiction.html">"Manipuri Poetry Day 2021 celebrated"</a>. <i>www.thesangaiexpress.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesangaiexpress.com&rft.atitle=Manipuri+Poetry+Day+2021+celebrated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesangaiexpress.com%2FEncyc%2F2021%2F10%2F21%2FIMPHAL-Oct-21Department-of-English-St-Joseph-University-Nagaland-in-collaboration-with-Fiction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2022" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Jibon (14 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailyjalalabad.com/2022/05/186017/">"কমলগঞ্জে মণিপুরি ভাষা ও সংস্কৃতি উৎসব"</a>. <i>দৈনিক জালালাবাদ | Daily Jalalabad</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assamese%2C+Meiteilon+%28Manipuri%29+and+Mizo+language+has+been+added+to+Google+translate%2C+moment+of+pride+for+Northeastern+India%21+%E2%80%93+NE+India+Broadcast&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneindiabroadcast.com%2F2022%2F05%2F12%2Fassamese-meiteilon-manipuri-and-mizo-language-has-been-added-to-google-translate-moment-of-pride-for-northeastern-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://easternmirrornagaland.com/google-translate-adds-support-for-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri-languages/">"Google Translate adds support for Assamese, Mizo and Manipuri languages – Eastern Mirror"</a>. <i>easternmirrornagaland.com</i>. 11 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=easternmirrornagaland.com&rft.atitle=Google+Translate+adds+support+for+Assamese%2C+Mizo+and+Manipuri+languages+%E2%80%93+Eastern+Mirror&rft.date=2022-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feasternmirrornagaland.com%2Fgoogle-translate-adds-support-for-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.time8.in/google-translate-gets-support-for-24-new-languages-including-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri/">"Google Translate gets support for 24 new languages including Assamese, Mizo and Manipuri"</a>. <i>TIME8</i>. 12 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME8&rft.atitle=Google+Translate+gets+support+for+24+new+languages+including+Assamese%2C+Mizo+and+Manipuri&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.time8.in%2Fgoogle-translate-gets-support-for-24-new-languages-including-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm">"Manipuri language and alphabets"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Manipuri+language+and+alphabets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fmanipuri.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>1. <i>A Short History of Kangleipak (Manipur) Part-I</i>, by Chingtamlen, 2005</li> <li>2. <i>A Short History of Kangleipak (Manipur) Part-II</i>, by Chingtamlen, 2007</li> <li>3. <i>A Short History of Kangleipak (Manipur) Part-III</i>, by Chingtamlen, 2008</li> <li>4. <i>The Meetei and the Bishnupriya</i>, by Chingtamlen, 2008</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3></div> <ul><li>Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi. (1998). <i>Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East</i>. Delphi: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</li> <li>Budha, W. (1992). <i>Indigenous games of the Meiteis</i>. Manipur: Wangkeimayum Publications.</li> <li>Kshetrimayum, Otojit. (2014). <i>Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contexualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur</i>. Delhi: Ruby Press & Co.</li> <li>Singh, M. Kirti. (1988). <i>Religion and culture of Manipur</i>. Delhi: Manas Publications.</li> <li>Singh, M. Kirti. (1993). <i>Folk culture of Manipur</i>. Delhi: Manas Publications.</li> <li>Singh, Saikhom Gopal. (2014). <i>The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography</i>. Delhi: Ruby Press & Co.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <ul><li>Bhat, D. N. S.; & Ningomba, S. (1997). <i>Manipuri grammar</i>. Munich: Lincom Europa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shobhana_Chelliah" title="Shobhana Chelliah">Chelliah, Shobhana L.</a> (1990). Experiencer subjects in Manipuri. In V. M. Manindra & K. P. Mohanan (Eds.), <i>Experiencer subjects in South Asian languages</i> (pp. 195–211). Stanford: The Center for the Study of Language and Information.</li> <li>Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1992). Tone in Manipuri. In K. L. Adams & T. J. Hudak (Eds.), <i>Papers from the first annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1991</i> (pp. 65–85). Tempe, AZ: <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a>.</li> <li>Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1992). Bracketing paradoxes in Manipuri. In M. Aronoff (Ed.), <i>Morphology now</i> (pp. 33–47). Albany: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>.</li> <li>Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1994). Morphological change and fast speech phenomena in the Manipuri verb. In K. L. Adams & T. J. Hudak (Eds.), <i>Papers from the second annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1992</i> (pp. 121–134). Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University.</li> <li>Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1997). <i>A grammar of Meitei</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-564331-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-564331-3">0-19-564331-3</a>.</li> <li>Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2002). Early Meitei manuscripts. In C. I. Beckwith (Ed.), <i>Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the ninth seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000</i> (pp. 59–71). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.</li> <li>Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2002). A glossary of 39 basic words in archaic and modern Meitei. In C. I. Beckwith (Ed.), <i>Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the ninth seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000</i> (pp. 189–190). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChelliah2004" class="citation journal cs1">Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2004). "Polysemy through metonymy: The case of Meitei <i>pi</i> 'grandmother'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Studies in Language</i>. <b>28</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">363–</span>386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fsl.28.2.04che">10.1075/sl.28.2.04che</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Language&rft.atitle=Polysemy+through+metonymy%3A+The+case+of+Meitei+pi+%27grandmother%27&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E363-%3C%2Fspan%3E386&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fsl.28.2.04che&rft.aulast=Chelliah&rft.aufirst=Shobhana+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChelliah2015" class="citation journal cs1">Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2015). "Is Manipur a linguistic area?". <i>Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics</i>. <b>2</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">87–</span>109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fjsall-2015-0004">10.1515/jsall-2015-0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130962163">130962163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+South+Asian+Languages+and+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Is+Manipur+a+linguistic+area%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fjsall-2015-0004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130962163%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chelliah&rft.aufirst=Shobhana+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeitei+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Singh, Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra. (1964). <i>Manipuri to Manipuri & English dictionary</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Meitei" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Meitei">Meitei</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template talk:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaric_languages" title="Newaric languages">Newaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages"><img alt="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/200px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/300px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/400px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_language" title="Nam language">Nam</a></i>?</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCOle_language" title="ʼOle language">ʼOle</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br />Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)">Pyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gong_language" title="Gong language">Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naic_languages" title="Naic languages">Naic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br /><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(India)" title="Koro language (India)">Koro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rung_languages" title="Rung languages">Rung</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kuki-Chin–Naga_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Template:Kuki-Chin–Naga languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Template talk:Kuki-Chin–Naga languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kuki-Chin–Naga languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kuki-Chin–Naga_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naga_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Naga languages">Southern Naga<br />(Northwestern)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimol_language" title="Aimol language">Aimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharam_language" title="Kharam language">Kharam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koireng_language" title="Koireng language">Koireng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(India)" title="Kom language (India)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_language" title="Monsang language">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_language" title="Purum language">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_language" title="Tarao language">Tarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong" title="Ranglong">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbung_language" title="Sorbung language">Sorbung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Northern Kuki-Chin languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_language" title="Simte language">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizang_language" title="Sizang language">Sizang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawn_language" title="Ngawn language">Ngawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Central Kuki-Chin languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_language" title="Thor language">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkhu_language" title="Pangkhu language">Pangkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_language" title="Saihriem language">Saihriem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlong_language" title="Darlong language">Darlong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maraic_languages" title="Maraic languages">Maraic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautu_language" title="Lautu language">Lautu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senthang_language" title="Senthang language">Senthang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotung_language" title="Zotung language">Zotung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khomic_languages" title="Khomic languages">Khomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khumi_language" title="Khumi language">Khumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mro-Khimi_language" title="Mro-Khimi language">Mro-Khimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengmitca_language" title="Rengmitca language">Rengmitca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Southern Kuki-Chin languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language" title="Shö language">Shö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaiphum_language" title="Thaiphum language">Thaiphum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daai_language" title="Daai language">Daai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCch%C3%B2_language" title="Kʼchò language">Kʼchò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaung_language" title="Welaung language">Welaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaang_language" title="Kaang language">Kaang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laitu_language" title="Laitu language">Laitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekai_language" title="Ekai language">Ekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rungtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rungtu">Rungtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songlai_language" title="Songlai language">Songlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumtu_language" title="Sumtu language">Sumtu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao (Central Naga)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_language" title="Ao language">Ao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chungli_Ao_language" title="Chungli Ao language">Chungli Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Mongsen Ao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Phuri_language" title="Long Phuri language">Long Phuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_language" title="Para language">Para</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_language" title="Sangtam language">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiungr%C3%BC_language" title="Yimkhiungrü language">Yimchungrü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wui_language" title="Wui language">Wui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_language" title="Chokri language">Chokri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheza_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kheza language">Kheza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poula_language" title="Poula language">Poula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuri_language" title="Pochuri language">Pochuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntenyi_language" title="Ntenyi language">Ntenyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_language" title="Rengma language">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmi_language" title="Sümi language">Sümi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somra_language" title="Somra language">Somra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akyaung_Ari_language" title="Akyaung Ari language">Akyaung Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachai-Padang_language" title="Kachai-Padang language">Kachai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishu_language" title="Huishu language">Huishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champhung_language" title="Champhung language">Champhung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusom_language" title="Tusom language">Tusom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suansu_language" title="Suansu language">Suansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challow_language" title="Challow language">Challow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongai_language" title="Kongai language">Kongai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_language" title="Koki language">Koki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language_(India)" title="Maring language (India)">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uipo_language" title="Uipo language">Uipo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zemeic (Western Naga)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangmai_language" title="Liangmai language">Liangmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzieme_language" title="Mzieme language">Mzieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meitei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Karbic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India#Languages" title="Northeast India">Languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Arunachal_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal<br />Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_language" title="Apatani language">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bori_language" title="Bori language">Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallong_language" title="Gallong language">Gallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangam_language" title="Tangam language">Tangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yano_language" title="Yano language">Yano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_language" title="Saihriem language">Saihriem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barman_language" title="Barman language">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachari_language" title="Kachari language">Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangni-Tagin_language" title="Bangni-Tagin language">Bangni-Tagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokar_language" title="Bokar language">Bokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Miri_dialect" title="Hill Miri dialect">Hill Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_dialect" title="Na dialect">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_language" title="Ahom language">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamyang_language" title="Khamyang language">Khamyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiton_language" title="Aiton language">Tai Aiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Phake_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Phake language">Tai Phake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(India)" title="Kom language (India)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_language" title="Purum language">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_language" title="Simte language">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_language" title="Monsang language">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbung_language" title="Sorbung language">Sorbung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_language" title="Tarao language">Tarao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairel_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairel language">Chairel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language_(India)" title="Maring language (India)">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uipo_language" title="Uipo language">Uipo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khasic_languages" title="Khasic languages">Khasic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)">Atong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mizoram" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nagaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-<br />Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami-<br />Pochuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_language" title="Chokri language">Chokri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhami_language" title="Kuzhami language">Kuzhami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntenyi_language" title="Ntenyi language">Ntenyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuri_language" title="Pochuri language">Pochuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_language" title="Rengma language">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumi language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_language" title="Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Mongsen Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_language" title="Sangtam language">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wui_language" title="Wui language">Wui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiungr%C3%BC_language" title="Yimkhiungrü language">Yimchungrü</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_language" title="Chang language">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzieme_language" title="Mzieme language">Mzieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_language" title="Yolmo language">Yolmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tripura" title="Languages of Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlong_language" title="Darlong language">Darlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_India" title="Template:Languages of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_India" title="Template talk:Languages of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Union-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India">8th schedule</a> to the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meitei</a> (Manipuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-level only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_language" title="Ho language">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRNB_lects" class="mw-redirect" title="KRNB lects">Kamatapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_language" title="Kharia language">Kharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortha_language" title="Khortha language">Khortha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmali_language" title="Kurmali language">Kurmali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai languages">Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rajbangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">Major<br />unofficial<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#More_than_one_million_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">Over 1 million<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheli_language" title="Bagheli language">Bagheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundari_language" title="Dhundari language">Dhundhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harauti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Harauti language">Harauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangri dialect">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimadi_language" title="Nimadi language">Nimadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjapuri_language" title="Surjapuri language">Surjapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi" title="Wagdi">Wagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#100,000_to_one_million_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">100,000 – 1 million<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaga_language" title="Badaga language">Badaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbi_language" title="Halbi language">Halbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotta_Bhasha" title="Khotta Bhasha">Khotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolami language">Kolami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korku_language" title="Korku language">Korku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koya_language" title="Koya language">Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" title="Kui language (India)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvi_language" title="Kuvi language">Kuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malto_language" title="Malto language">Malto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sema_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sema language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_language" title="Sora language">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Languages of India">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilingualism_in_India" title="Multilingualism in India">Multilingualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_languages_in_India" title="List of endangered languages in India">Endangered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_states_by_most_spoken_scheduled_languages" title="Indian states by most spoken scheduled languages">Scheduled languages in states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bangladesh&#124;link=Bangladesh_Languages_of_Bangladesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Languages of Bangladesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Template talk:Languages of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Bangladesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bangladesh&#124;link=Bangladesh_Languages_of_Bangladesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bangladesh" title="Languages of Bangladesh">Languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indo-European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goalpariya_dialects" title="Goalpariya dialects">Goalpariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_dialects" title="Kamrupi dialects">Kamrupi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagonian_language" title="Chittagonian language">Chittagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakaiya_Kutti" title="Dhakaiya Kutti">Dhakaiya Kutti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobhashi" title="Dobhashi">Dobhashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bengali" title="Eastern Bengali">Eastern Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhailla" class="mw-redirect" title="Noakhailla">Noakhailla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rangpuri</a></li> 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Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotta_Bhasha" title="Khotta Bhasha">Khotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpuri_language" title="Nagpuri language">Sadri (Nagpuri)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sino-Tibetan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language" title="Shö language">Shö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)">A'Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Rakhine_language" title="Rakhine language">Rakhine (Marma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengmitca_language" title="Rengmitca language">Rengmitca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_language" title="Tanchangya language">Tanchangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austroasiatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koda_language" title="Koda language">Koda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Bangladesh)" title="Kol language (Bangladesh)">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War-Jaintia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dravidian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauria_Paharia_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauria Paharia language">Sauria Paharia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Asiatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" 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