Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Browse - Page 3

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" class="topicbrowse-desktop ui-ie7 ui-ie"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png" /> <meta name="description" content=" Yet, in addition to being critically important鈥攂ecause they naturally recycle decaying matter鈥攊n maintaining balance within the food chain, bugs can also be fascinating creatures, whether in regard to..." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.britannica.com/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/3" /> <title>Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Browse - Page 3 | Britannica</title>  <script> !function(){"use strict";function e(e){const t=e.match(/((?=([a-z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-z0-9._-]+\.[a-z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:""}function t(t){return e(a(t.toLowerCase()))}function a(e){return e.replace(/\s/g,"")}async function n(e){const t={sha256Hash:"",sha1Hash:""};if(!("msCrypto"in window)&&"https:"===location.protocol&&"crypto"in window&&"TextEncoder"in window){const a=(new TextEncoder).encode(e),[n,c]=await Promise.all([s("SHA-256",a),s("SHA-1",a)]);t.sha256Hash=n,t.sha1Hash=c}return t}async function s(e,t){const a=await crypto.subtle.digest(e,t);return Array.from(new Uint8Array(a)).map(e=>("00"+e.toString(16)).slice(-2)).join("")}function c(e){let t=!0;return Object.keys(e).forEach(a=>{0===e[a].length&&(t=!1)}),t}function i(e,t,a){e.splice(t,1);const n="?"+e.join("&")+a.hash;history.replaceState(null,"",n)}var o={checkEmail:e,validateEmail:t,trimInput:a,hashEmail:n,hasHashes:c,removeEmailAndReplaceHistory:i,detectEmails:async function(){const e=new URL(window.location.href),a=Array.from(e.searchParams.entries()).map(e=>`=`);let s,o;const r=["adt_eih","sh_kit"];if(a.forEach((e,t)=>{const a=decodeURIComponent(e),[n,c]=a.split("=");if("adt_ei"===n&&(s={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"url"}),r.includes(n)){o={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"sh_kit"===n?"urlhck":"urlh"}}}),s)t(s.value)&&n(s.value).then(e=>{if(c(e)){const t={value:e,created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(t)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",s.emsrc)}});else if(o){const e={value:{sha256Hash:o.value,sha1Hash:""},created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(e)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",o.emsrc)}s&&i(a,s.index,e),o&&i(a,o.index,e)},cb:"adthrive"};const{detectEmails:r,cb:l}=o;r()}(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel"> window.$UI = {}; window.Constants = {"LICENSE_URL": "/bps/license","DEFAULT_TEST_VERSION": "A","DEFAULT_STATE": "XX","QUIZ_URL": "/quiz","SPOTLIGHT_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/spotlight","CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT": "text/plain;charset=UTF-8","TOPIC_FACTS_DATA_URL": "/facts","QUIZ_BROWSE_IMAGE_QUIZZES": "images","TOPIC_MEDIA_PATH": "/images-videos","USER_PROFILE_URL": "/user","DEBUG_URL": "/debug","ONE_GOOD_FACT_URL": "/one-good-fact","ERROR_404_URL": "/error404","PROCON_CITED_IN_THE_NEWS_URL": "/procon/ProCon-in-the-News","PROCON_URL": "/procon","TOPIC_PAGE_CONTENT_AJAX_URL": "/topic-content/page","INFINITE_SCROLL_PREFIX_URL": "/scroll","TOPIC_TOP_QUESTION_BROWSE_URL": "/questions","CC_USD": "USD","domain": "britannica.com","PROCON_EDITOR_ID": "12941390","SURVEY_URL": "/survey","CATEGORY_BROWSE_URL": "/browse","STORY_BROWSE_URL": "/stories","COUNTRY_US": "US","OPEN_MEDIA_OVERLAY_PARAMETER": "/media","NEWSLETTER_SUBSCRIPTION_URL": "/newsletter-subscription","MAINTENANCE_ERROR_URL": "https://maintenance.eb.com","IMARS_EDITOR_ID": "12365882","PROFILE_EB_EDITOR_URL": "/editor","WEB_INF_RESOURCES_PATH": "WEB-INF/resources","AI_ABOUT_PAGE_URL": "/about-britannica-ai","TOPIC_ADDITIONAL_INFO_PATH": "/additional-info","SUDOKU_GAME_URL": "/games/sudoku","CC_INR": "INR","ARTICLE_PRINT_URL": "/print/article","FIRST_EDITION_URL": "/subscriber/firstedition","WW1_PORTAL_URL": "/discover/World-War-I","MENDEL_COOKIE": "__mendel","topicUrlClasses": "[topic, animal, art, biography, event, place, plant, science, sports, technology, procon, money]","DEMYSTIFIED_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/demystified","LIST_BROWSE_URL": "/list/browse","PROFILE_EXPERT_URL": "/contributor","ASSEMBLY_IMAGE_URL": "/image/assembly","DAY_IN_HISTORY_URL": "/on-this-day","DEFAULT_CURRENCY": "USD","CONTENT_TYPE_XML": "text/xml;charset=UTF-8","PORTAL_FINANCE_BROWSE_URL_PREFIX": "/money/browse","MONEY_IMARS_CATEGORY": "13000","AJAX_PREFIX_URL": "/ajax","TOPIC_BROWSE_URL": "/topic-browse","MARKETING_CONTENT": "/marketing-content","ENV_RUNTIME": "runtime","GALLERY_URL": "/gallery","topicUrlClassesList": "topic|animal|art|biography|event|place|plant|science|sports|technology|procon","CONTENT_TYPE_HTML": "text/html;charset=UTF-8","ENV_LOCAL": "override","MEDIA_OVERLAY_URL": "/media-overlay","CHATBOT_PAGE_URL": "/chatbot","NEWSLETTER_PAGE_URL": "/newsletters","ENV_DEV": "development","MEDIA_URL": "/media","TOPIC_TOP_QUESTION_URL": "/question","PORTAL_FINANCE_URL_PREFIX": "/money","PODCASTS_URL": "/podcasts","STAND_ALONE_VIDEO_URL": "/video","MORE_ON_THIS_DAY_URL": "/more-on-this-day","TOPIC_QUOTES_URL": "/quotes","SEARCH_PAGE_URL": "/search","PROCON_CLASS": "PROCON","KUSTOM_MENDEL_APPLICATION_ID": "1","TOPIC_CONTENT_AJAX_URL": "/topic-content/topic","ENV_BRANCH": "branch","ERROR_URL": "/error","MAIN_VERSION": "mainVersion","TOPIC_COLLECTION_URL": "/summary","LOGINBOX_URL": "/auth/loginbox","ONE_GOOD_FACT_BROWSE_URL": "/one-good-fact/all-good-facts","QUIZ_BROWSE_URL": "/quiz/browse","BIO_BROWSE_URL": "/browse/biographies","LIST_URL": "/list","TIGHTROPE_QUIZ_URL": "/quiz/tightrope","ALPHA_BROWSE_URL": "/sitemap","CONTENT_TYPE_JSON": "application/json","DICTIONARY_URL": "/dictionary","COBRAND_IMAGE_URL": "/image/cobrand","PROCON_IN_THE_NEWS_URL": "/procon/pro-and-con-issues-in-the-news","PROCON_BROWSE_URL": "/procon","QUIZ_BROWSE_VOCAB_QUIZZES": "vocabulary-quizzes","SUBMISSION_URL": "/submission","EB_LOG_OUT": "/auth2/logout","ENV_PRODUCTION": "production","EXPLORE_PORTAL_URL": "/explore","TOPIC_AJAX_URL": "/ajax/topic","TOPIC_SUMMARY_BROWSE_URL": "/summaries","WTFACT_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/wtfact","VIDEO_CHANNEL_URL": "/videos","GALLERY_BROWSE_URL": "/gallery/browse","CACHE_URL": "/cache","PROCON_ABOUT_URL": "/procon/About-ProCon","COMPANION_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/companion","MEDIA_FOLDER": "/eb-media","SHOW_ALL_CONTRIBUTORS": "/additional-info#contributors","BRITANNICA_EDITORS_ID": "4419","ENV_CACHE_DISABLED": "mendelCache","CALCULATORS_BROWSE_URL": "/calculators","STORY_URL": "/story","DEFAULT_COUNTRY": "US","NAVBAR_URL": "/ajax/navbar","EB_LOGIN_URL": "/auth/eb-login","NEW_ARTICLES_URL": "/new-articles",}; window.CDN = "https://cdn.britannica.com"; window.CAM_SETTINGS_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/settings"; window.CAM_LOGIN_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/login"; window.CAM_SIGN_UP_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/registration" window.Mendel = { "config" : { "domain": "britannica.com", "page": "TopicBrowse", "videoPlayerId": "UyMCoK2v", "sharedUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/3", "amuselabsUrl": "https://cdn3.amuselabs.com", "resourcesPrefixUrl": "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/[url]?v=3.133.2", "date": 20250208, "userInfo": { "type": "ANONYMOUS" ,"currency": "AUUS" ,"country": "SG" ,"state": "XX" ,"timezone": "Asia/Singapore" ,"bcomId": "-9096320246903285713" ,"hasAds": true ,"testVersion": "A" ,"adsTestVersion": "A" ,"consumerId": "" ,"instId": "" ,"consumerUserName": "" ,"instUserName": "" ,"cognito": null }, "tvs":{ "r":[25,25,25,25], "a": [25,25,45,5]}, "isLoggedInAsUser": false, "isPhone": false, "isDesktop": true, "logoutUrl": "/auth2/logout", "selfServiceUrl": "https://myaccount.britannica.com", "cdnUrl": "https://cdn.britannica.com", "chatbotApi": "https://www.britannica.com/chat-api", "fetchOffset": 800, "mendelCookieName": "__mendel", "mendelCookie": {"surveyShown":false,"visitedTopicId":0,"currentDate":20250208}, "autocompleteToSearchPage": false }, "GA": {"leg":"A","adLeg":"A","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"TopicBrowse","gisted":false,"pageNumber":3,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} }; </script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1887621861548296"/ <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@britannica" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.133.2" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content=" Yet, in addition to being critically important鈥攂ecause they naturally recycle decaying matter鈥攊n maintaining balance within the food chain, bugs can also be fascinating creatures, whether in regard to..."/> <meta property="og:type" content="WEBSITE"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Browse - Page 3 | Britannica"/> <meta property="og:description" content=" Yet, in addition to being critically important鈥攂ecause they naturally recycle decaying matter鈥攊n maintaining balance within the food chain, bugs can also be fascinating creatures, whether in regard to..."/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopedia Britannica" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.britannica.com/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.133.2" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="" /> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="init opengraph"> Mendel.openGraph = {"type":"WEBSITE","title":"Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Browse - Page 3","description":" Yet, in addition to being critically important鈥攂ecause they naturally recycle decaying matter鈥攊n maintaining balance within the food chain, bugs can also be fascinating creatures, whether in regard to...","imageUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.133.2","pageUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates"}</script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.133.2" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.133.2" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/dist/topic-browse-page.css?v=3.133.2" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript"> if (self !== top) { top.location = self.location; } </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/js/at.js?v=3.133.2" async ></script> <script> dataLayer = []; </script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5W6NC8'); </script> </head> <body data-leg="A" class="a-z-topics-browse user-ANONYMOUS user-ads md-desktop leg-a b-ie">  <script>Mendel.config.adProvider='cafemedia';</script> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> (function(w, d) { w.adthrive = w.adthrive || {}; w.adthrive.cmd = w. adthrive.cmd || []; w.adthrive.plugin = 'adthrive-ads-manual'; w.adthrive.host = 'ads.adthrive.com';var s = d.createElement('script'); s.async = true; s.referrerpolicy='no-referrer-when-downgrade'; s.src = 'https://' + w.adthrive.host + '/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=' + w.encodeURIComponent(w.location.href) + '&cb=' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1); var n = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); })(window, document); </script> <div class="ie-warning d-flex align-items-center align-self-center justify-content-center site-alert bg-orange"> <div> You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a class="text-white text-underscore" href="https://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience and security. </div> </div> <script id="json-navbar-info" type="application/json"> {"topSectionLinks":[{"title":"Ask the Chatbot","url":"/chatbot","navbarId":"CHATBOT"},{"title":"Games & Quizzes","url":"/quiz/browse","navbarId":"QUIZZES"},{"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society","navbarId":"HISTORY"},{"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech","navbarId":"SCIENCE"},{"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies","navbarId":"BIOS"},{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature","selected":true,"navbarId":"ANIMALS"},{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel","navbarId":"GEOGRAPHY"},{"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture","navbarId":"ART"},{"title":"ProCon","url":"/procon","navbarId":"PROCON"},{"title":"Money","url":"/money","navbarId":"MONEY"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos","navbarId":"VIDEOS"}],"selectedSuperCategory":{"id":1,"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"Animals-Nature","description":"Explore animals and nature; animal facts and stats, mammals, marsupials, birds, insects, reptiles, dinosaurs, megafauna, fossils, environment, plants, trees, bacteria, fungi","keywords":"animal facts and stats, mammals, marsupials, birds, insects, reptiles, dinosaurs, megafauna, fossils, environment, plants, trees, bacteria, fungi","classId":"ANIMALS","sortOrder":4},"selectedNavbarLink":{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature","selected":true,"navbarId":"ANIMALS"}} </script> <script id="json-hamburger-menu" type="application/json"> {"britannicaMenu1":[{"title":"Home","url":"/"},{"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society"},{"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech"},{"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies"},{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature"},{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel"},{"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture"},{"title":"ProCon","url":"/procon"},{"title":"Money","url":"/money"}],"britannicaMenu2":[{"title":"Games & Quizzes","url":"/quiz/browse"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos"},{"title":"On This Day","url":"/on-this-day"},{"title":"One Good Fact","url":"/one-good-fact"},{"title":"Dictionary","url":"/dictionary"},{"title":"New Articles","url":"/new-articles"}],"browseByCategory":[{"title":{"id":5,"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society"},"links":[{"title":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","url":"/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues"},{"title":"Philosophy & Religion","url":"/browse/Philosophy-Religion"},{"title":"Politics, Law & Government","url":"/browse/Politics-Law-Government"},{"title":"World History","url":"/browse/World-History"}]},{"title":{"id":6,"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech"},"links":[{"title":"Health & Medicine","url":"/browse/Health-Medicine"},{"title":"Science","url":"/browse/Science"},{"title":"Technology","url":"/browse/Technology"}]},{"title":{"id":3,"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies"},"links":[{"title":"Browse Biographies","url":"/browse/biographies"}]},{"title":{"id":1,"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature"},"links":[{"title":"Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates","url":"/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates"},{"title":"Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates","url":"/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates"},{"title":"Environment","url":"/browse/Environment"},{"title":"Fossils & Geologic Time","url":"/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time"},{"title":"Mammals","url":"/browse/Mammals"},{"title":"Plants","url":"/browse/Plants"}]},{"title":{"id":4,"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel"},"links":[{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/browse/Geography-Travel"}]},{"title":{"id":2,"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture"},"links":[{"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture"},{"title":"Literature","url":"/browse/Literature"},{"title":"Sports & Recreation","url":"/browse/Sports-Recreation"},{"title":"Visual Arts","url":"/browse/Visual-Arts"}]}],"browseByFeature":[{"title":"Companions","url":"/stories/companion"},{"title":"Demystified","url":"/stories/demystified"},{"title":"Image Galleries","url":"/gallery/browse"},{"title":"Lists","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Spotlight","url":"/stories/spotlight"},{"title":"Summaries","url":"/summary"},{"title":"The Forum","url":"/stories/the-forum"},{"title":"Top Questions","url":"/question"},{"title":"#WTFact","url":"/stories/wtfact"}],"moreFromBritannica":[{"title":"Britannica Kids","url":"https://kids.britannica.com/","newTab":true}],"menuType":"DEFAULT"} </script> <header id="header" class="bg-navy-dark"> <div class="global-nav-top-bar"> <div class="grid gx-0 h-100 justify-content-between align-items-center container-lg mx-auto p-0 position-relative"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="d-flex align-items-center justify-self-start js-toggle js-toggle-hamburger btn btn-link link-white btn-sm rounded-0 p-10"> <div class="hamburger-tooltip"> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block font-24" id="nav-toggle" data-icon="menu"></em> </div> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block font-24 global-nav-search-icon" id="nav-search-icon" data-icon="search" ></em> </button> <a href="/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center ml-10"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica" class="global-nav-logo global-nav-logo-left" /> </a> <div class="global-nav-top-search-bar global-nav-top-search-container global-nav-search-container" id="global-nav-top-search-bar"> <form method="get" action="/search" id="global-nav-search" class="md-search-form m-0 global-nav-search-bar-small"> <div class="search-box position-relative col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="global-nav-search-query">Search Britannica</label> <input name="query" id="global-nav-search-query" placeholder="Search Britannica..." class="form-control form-control-lg rounded-lg font-16 search-query pl-20 pr-70 shadow-sm" maxlength="200" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search Britannica" /> <button class="search-reset-btn btn btn-link px-10 position-absolute top-0 h-100 d-none" type="reset"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="close"></em> </button> <button class="search-submit btn btn-link text-blue px-10 position-absolute top-0 right-0 h-100" type="submit" disabled> <span class="sr-only">Click here to search</span> <em class="material-icons search-icon" data-icon="search"></em> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <a href="/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica" class="global-nav-center global-nav-logo non-homepage-logo" /> </a> <form method="get" action="/search" id="global-nav-search" class="md-search-form m-0 global-nav-search-bar-small global-nav-center search global-nav-center-search-container"> <div class="search-box position-relative col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="global-nav-search-query">Search Britannica</label> <input name="query" id="global-nav-search-query" placeholder="Search Britannica..." class="form-control form-control-lg rounded-lg font-16 search-query pl-20 pr-70 shadow-sm" maxlength="200" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search Britannica" /> <button class="search-reset-btn btn btn-link px-10 position-absolute top-0 h-100 d-none" type="reset"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="close"></em> </button> <button class="search-submit btn btn-link text-blue px-10 position-absolute top-0 right-0 h-100" type="submit" disabled> <span class="sr-only">Click here to search</span> <em class="material-icons search-icon" data-icon="search"></em> </button> </div> </form> <div class="col-35 col-sm-auto text-right order-3 mr-lg-15 align-items-center d-flex justify-content-end"> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block"> <SPAN class="marketing-HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_DESKTOP2 marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_DESKTOP2"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav&utm_campaign=evergreen-cap" class="subscribe-link btn btn-sm btn-orange py-5 mr-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> SUBSCRIBE </a></SPAN></div> <div class="d-inline-block d-md-none mr-5 mr-sm-10"> <SPAN class="marketing-HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_MOBILE marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_MOBILE"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav-mobile&utm_campaign=evergreen" class="subscribe-link btn btn-xs btn-orange p-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> SUBSCRIBE </a></SPAN></div> <button class="js-toggle-user-dropdown js-toggle btn btn-sm btn-link link-white rounded-0 px-md-15 pl-5 pr-5"> <span class="d-none d-md-inline-block mr-5">Login</span> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block d-md-none font-16 font-sm-20" data-icon="account_circle"></em> <div class="d-none dropdown-menu-subscription-link">https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=nav-login-box&utm_campaign=evergreen</div> <em class="material-icons inactive-icon d-inline-block font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_down"></em> <em class="material-icons active-icon d-inline-block font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_up"></em> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-none hamburger-menu-subscription-link"><DIV class="marketing-HAMBURGER_MENU_CTA marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HAMBURGER_MENU_CTA"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=hamburger-menu&utm_campaign=evergreen" class="subscribe-link btn btn-sm btn-orange py-5" target="_blank"> SUBSCRIBE </a></DIV></div> <div id="global-nav-react"> <div class="d-none"> <ul> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/History-Society">History & Society</a></li> <li><a href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/Biographies">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/procon">ProCon</a></li> <li><a href="/money">Money</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/quiz/browse">Games & Quizzes</a></li> <li><a href="/videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/on-this-day">On This Day</a></li> <li><a href="/one-good-fact">One Good Fact</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/new-articles">New Articles</a></li> </ul> <a href="/History-Society">History & Society</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues">Lifestyles & Social Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Philosophy-Religion">Philosophy & Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Politics-Law-Government">Politics, Law & Government</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/World-History">World History</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Health-Medicine">Health & Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Technology">Technology</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Biographies">Biographies</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/biographies">Browse Biographies</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates">Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time">Fossils & Geologic Time</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Mammals">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Plants">Plants</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture">Entertainment & Pop Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Sports-Recreation">Sports & Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Visual-Arts">Visual Arts</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/stories/companion">Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/demystified">Demystified</a></li> <li><a href="/gallery/browse">Image Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/list/browse">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/spotlight">Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/summary">Summaries</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/the-forum">The Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/question">Top Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/wtfact">#WTFact</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://kids.britannica.com/">Britannica Kids</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> <div class="bg-navy-dark"> <div class="container-lg p-0 d-flex justify-content-center global-nav-categories-bar overflow-hidden"> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 global-nav-slider category-snap-slider"> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex font-14 overflow-hidden text-nowrap mx-5"> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-CHATBOT " href="/chatbot">Ask the Chatbot</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-QUIZZES " href="/quiz/browse">Games & Quizzes</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-HISTORY " href="/History-Society">History & Society</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-SCIENCE " href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-BIOS " href="/Biographies">Biographies</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-ANIMALS selected selected" href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-GEOGRAPHY " href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-ART " href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-PROCON " href="/procon">ProCon</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-MONEY " href="/money">Money</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-VIDEOS " href="/videos">Videos</a> </div> <button disabled class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Previous"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span> </button> <button disabled class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Next"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="md-page-wrapper"> <div id="content" class="md-content"> <div class="bg-navy-dark text-white text-center pt-30 pb-20"> <div class="container"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement" : [ { "@type" : "ListItem", "position" : 1, "item" : { "@id" : "https://www.britannica.com/browse/Science", "name": "Science" } } , { "@type" : "ListItem", "position" : 2, "item" : { "@id" : "https://www.britannica.com/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates", "name": "Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates" } } ] } </script> <nav class="breadcrumb justify-content-center"> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a href="/" class="link-white">Home</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a class="link-white" href="/browse/Science">Science</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a class="link-white" href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates</a> </span> </nav> <h1 class="font-serif mt-30 mb-20">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates, EAS-HER</h1> <div class="font-serif grid"> <div class="col-sm-70 col-sm-offset-15"> Yet, in addition to being critically important鈥攂ecause they naturally recycle decaying matter鈥攊n maintaining balance within the food chain, bugs can also be fascinating creatures, whether in regard to the water strider's ability to run across the surface of water or the assassin bugs' varied and creative means of catching and killing their prey. Mollusks, another group of invertebrates, get less of a bad rap. Their ranks include nearly 100,000 described species of soft-bodied animals that are usually wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell; examples include snails, clams, oysters, squids, and octopuses.</div> </div> <a class="link-white font-weight-bold d-inline-block mt-30" href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates">Back To Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Page</a> </div> </div> <div class="container mt-30"> <h2 class="label my-30">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Encyclopedia Articles By Title</h2> <div class="grid top g-10 mb-40"> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/1">ABA-CAT</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/2">CED-EAR</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center bg-orange"> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 link-white pe-none" href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/3">EAS-HER</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/4">HES-MAR</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/5">MAS-PLA</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/6">PLA-SIL</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/7">SKE-VEN</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/8">VEN-ZOR</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid g-20"> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/eastern-Hercules-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>eastern Hercules beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> eastern Hercules beetle, (Dynastes tityus), a large, easily recognized insect of the Dynastinae subfamily of the...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>echinoderm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> echinoderm, any of a variety of invertebrate marine animals belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, characterized...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Distribution-and-abundance" style="text-decoration: underline">Marine, Invertebrate, Diversity</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Asexual-reproduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Asexual Reproduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Locomotion" style="text-decoration: underline">Locomotion, Tube Feet, Water Vascular System</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Form-and-function-of-external-features" style="text-decoration: underline">Radial Symmetry, Tube Feet, Spines</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Form-and-function-of-internal-features" style="text-decoration: underline">Radial Symmetry, Tube Feet, Water Vascular System</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Paleontology-and-evolution" style="text-decoration: underline">Evolution, Adaptations, Paleontology</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/echinoderm/Critical-appraisal" style="text-decoration: underline">Adaptations, Diversity, Characteristics</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Echinosphaerites" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Echinosphaerites</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Echinosphaerites, genus of cystoids, an extinct group related to the sea lily and starfish, found as fossils in...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/eelworm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>eelworm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> eelworm, any of several worms of the phylum Nematoda, so called because they resemble miniature eels. The term...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/elm-bark-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>elm bark beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> elm bark beetle, any of several species of insect pests in the subfamily Scolytinae (order Coleoptera). See bark... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Elysia-chlorotica" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Elysia chlorotica</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Elysia chlorotica, species of sea slug belonging to the family Elysiidae (order Sacoglossa) and known for its ability...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/emerald-ash-borer" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>emerald ash borer</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> emerald ash borer, (Agrilus planipennis), species of beetle (order Coleoptera, family Buprestidae) that is native...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/ensign-wasp" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ensign wasp</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ensign wasp, (family Evaniidae), any of a group of solitary wasps known for parasitizing the eggs of cockroaches....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/entoproct" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>entoproct</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> entoproct, any member of the phylum Entoprocta, a group of aquatic invertebrate animals composed of about 150 species...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Eospirifer" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Eospirifer</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Eospirifer, genus of extinct brachiopods, or lamp shells, found as fossils in Middle Silurian to Lower Devonian...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/ermine-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ermine moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ermine moth, any of several species of insects belonging to the family Yponomeutidae (order Lepidoptera). Ermine...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/euglossine-bee" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>euglossine bee</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> euglossine bee, (tribe Euglossini), any of a large group of brightly coloured bees important to the ecology of...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Euphemites" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Euphemites</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Euphemites, extinct genus of gastropods (snails) abundant during the Late Carboniferous Period (between 320 and...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Exogyra" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Exogyra</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Exogyra, extinct molluscan genus common in shallow-water marine deposits of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/eye-worm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>eye worm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> eye worm, (species Loa loa), common parasite of humans and other primates in central and western Africa, a member...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fairy-shrimp" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fairy shrimp</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fairy shrimp, any of the crustaceans of the order Anostraca, so called because of their graceful movements and...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/false-scorpion" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>false scorpion</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> false scorpion, any of the 1,700 species of the order Pseudoscorpiones (sometimes Chelonethida) of the arthropod...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Favosites" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Favosites</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Favosites, extinct genus of corals found as fossils in marine rocks from the Ordovician to the Permian periods...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/feather-star" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>feather star</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> feather star, any of the 550 living species of crinoid marine invertebrates (class Crinoidea) of the phylum Echinodermata...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/feather-duster-worm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>feather-duster worm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> feather-duster worm, any large, segmented marine worm of the family Sabellidae (class Polychaeta, phylum Annelida)....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-1"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/feather-winged-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>feather-winged beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> feather-winged beetle, (family Ptiliidae), any of more than 400 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) characterized...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Fenestella-paleontology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Fenestella</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Fenestella, genus of extinct bryozoans, small colonial animals, especially characteristic of the Early Carboniferous...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fiddler-crab" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fiddler crab</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fiddler crab, any of the approximately 65 species of the genus Uca (order Decapoda of the subphylum Crustacea)....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/filarial-worm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>filarial worm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> filarial worm, any of a group of parasitic worms of the family Filariidae (phylum Nematoda) that usually require...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fire-ant" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fire ant</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fire ant, (genus Solenopsis), genus of nearly 200 species of ants that occur in tropical regions of the world,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/firebrat" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>firebrat</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> firebrat, (Thermobia domestica), stout-bodied quick-moving wingless insect. The firebrat is worldwide in distribution...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/firefly-insect" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>firefly</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> firefly, (family Lampyridae), family of some 2,000 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) found in most tropical...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fireworm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fireworm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fireworm, any of certain segmented marine worms of the class Polychaeta (phylum Annelida), including species of...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fish-louse" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fish louse</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fish louse, any member of the crustacean subclass Branchiura, a group of parasites of migratory marine and freshwater...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flat-bark-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flat bark beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flat bark beetle, (family Cucujidae), any of approximately 500 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) that...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flat-bug" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flat bug</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flat bug, (family Aradidae), any of about 1,000 species of small, flat, dark-coloured insects (order Heteroptera)...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flat-grain-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flat grain beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flat grain beetle, any member of the insect family Silvanidae (order Coleoptera), closely related to and sometimes...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flatworm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flatworm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flatworm, any of the phylum Platyhelminthes, a group of soft-bodied, usually much flattened invertebrates. A number...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Natural-history" style="text-decoration: underline">Parasitic, Regeneration, Anatomy</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Development" style="text-decoration: underline">Regeneration, Asexual Reproduction, Morphology</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Ecology" style="text-decoration: underline">Parasitism, Regeneration, Asexual Reproduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Internal-features" style="text-decoration: underline">Anatomy, Reproduction, Parasitism</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Metabolism" style="text-decoration: underline">Metabolism, Regeneration, Anatomy</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flatworm/Annotated-classification" style="text-decoration: underline">Parasitic, Regeneration, Cephalization</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flea" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flea</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flea, (order Siphonaptera), any of a group of bloodsucking insects that are important carriers of disease and can...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flea/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flea/Natural-history" style="text-decoration: underline">Parasite, Hosts, Pest</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/flea/Evolution-paleontology-and-classification" style="text-decoration: underline">Parasites, Pest Control, Adaptations</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flea-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flea beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flea beetle, (subfamily Alticinae), any member of a subfamily of leaf beetles found worldwide. Flea beetles are...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flour-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flour moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flour moth, (Ephestia kuehniella), species of moth in the subfamily Phycitinae (family Pyralidae, order Lepidoptera)...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flower-bug" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flower bug</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flower bug, (family Anthocoridae), any of at least 400 species of small insects in the true bug order, Heteroptera,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/flower-chafer" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>flower chafer</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> flower chafer, (subfamily Cetoniinae), any of a group of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae (insect order Coleoptera)...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fluke-flatworm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fluke</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fluke, any member of the invertebrate class Trematoda (phylum Platyhelminthes), a group of parasitic flatworms...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fly-insect" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fly</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fly, (order Diptera), any of a large number of insects characterized by the use of only one pair of wings for flight...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-2"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/footman-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>footman moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> footman moth, (subfamily Lithosiinae), any of a group of insects in the tiger moth family, Arctiidae (order Lepidoptera),...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/forester-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>forester moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> forester moth, (genus Procris or Ino), any of a group of moths in the family Zygaenidae (order Lepidoptera) that...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/freshwater-jellyfish" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>freshwater jellyfish</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> freshwater jellyfish, any medusa, or free-swimming form, of the genus Craspedacusta, class Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria)....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/freshwater-snail" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>freshwater snail</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> freshwater snail, any of the approximately 5,000 snail species that live in lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/freshwater-sponge" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>freshwater sponge</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> freshwater sponge, any of about 20 species of the genus Spongilla (class Demospongiae, siliceous sponges), a common,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fritillary-butterfly" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fritillary</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fritillary, name applied to butterflies in several genera (family Nymphalidae). Large fritillaries, or silverspots,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/froghopper" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>froghopper</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> froghopper, (family Cercopidae), any of numerous species of small (less than 1.5 cm [0.6 inch] long) hopping insects...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fruitworm-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fruitworm beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fruitworm beetle, any of a few genera of insects in the family Byfuridae (order Coleoptera) whose larvae feed on...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/fungus-weevil" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fungus weevil</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fungus weevil, (family Anthribidae), any of approximately 3,000 species of weevils (insect order Coleoptera) whose...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/funnel-weaver" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>funnel weaver</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> funnel weaver, (family Agelenidae), large family of more than 1,000 species and nearly 100 genera of spiders known...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gall-fly" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gall fly</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gall fly, any of several different species of insects that cause swelling (galls) in the tissues of the plants...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gall-midge" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gall midge</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gall midge, (family Cecidomyiidae, or Itonididae), any minute, delicate insect (order Diptera) characterized by...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gall-wasp" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gall wasp</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gall wasp, (family Cynipidae), any of about 1,300 species of small wasps that are notable for their ability to...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gammarid" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gammarid</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gammarid, any member of the family Gammaridae, the largest of 80 or so families that make up the crustacean order...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gaper-clam" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gaper clam</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gaper clam, (Tresus nuttallii and Tresus capax), either of two species of bivalve mollusks of the family Mactridae....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/garden-spider" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>garden spider</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> garden spider, (Araneus diadematus), a member of the orb weaver family Araneidae (order Araneida) characterized...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Gastrioceras" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Gastrioceras</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Gastrioceras, genus of extinct cephalopods (animals related to the modern squid, octopus, and nautilus), found...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gastropod" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gastropod</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gastropod, any member of more than 65,000 animal species belonging to the class Gastropoda, the largest group in...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Importance-to-humans" style="text-decoration: underline">Edible, Shells, Pests</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Reproduction-and-life-cycles" style="text-decoration: underline">Reproduction, Life Cycles</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Ecology-and-habitats" style="text-decoration: underline">Marine, Land, Freshwater</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Locomotion" style="text-decoration: underline">Crawling, Gliding, Swimming</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Food-and-feeding" style="text-decoration: underline">Feeding, Diet, Nutrition</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/The-shell" style="text-decoration: underline">Shell Structure, Anatomy, Diversity</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/The-foot" style="text-decoration: underline">Mollusks, Shells, Foot</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/animal/gastropod/Classification" style="text-decoration: underline">Mollusks, Shells, Taxonomy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gastrotrich" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gastrotrich</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gastrotrich, any of about 500 species of the phylum Gastrotricha, a group of microscopic aquatic invertebrates...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gelechiid-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gelechiid moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gelechiid moth, (family Gelechiidae), any of more than 4,500 species of moths (order Lepidoptera), some of which...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-3"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/geoduck" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>geoduck</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> geoduck, (species Panopea generosa), marine invertebrate of the class Bivalvia (phylum Mollusca) that inhabits...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/geometrid-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>geometrid moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> geometrid moth, (family Geometridae), any member of a group of moths (order Lepidoptera) that includes the species...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/ghost-crab" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ghost crab</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ghost crab, (genus Ocypode), any of approximately 20 species of shore crabs (order Decapoda of the class Crustacea)....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/giant-crab" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>giant crab</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> giant crab, (Macrocheira kaempferi), species of spider crab (q.v.) native to Pacific waters near Japan. It occurs...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/giant-huntsman-spider" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>giant huntsman spider</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> giant huntsman spider, (Heteropoda maxima), massive cave-dwelling spider, sporting the largest leg span of any...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/giant-squid" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>giant squid</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> giant squid, (genus Architeuthis), any member of a genus of large, elusive cephalopods inhabiting deep regions...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/giant-water-bug" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>giant water bug</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> giant water bug, any wide and flat-bodied aquatic insect of the family Belostomatidae (order Heteroptera). This...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/giant-water-scorpion" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>giant water scorpion</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> giant water scorpion, any member of the extinct subclass Eurypterida of the arthropod group Merostomata, a lineage...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gladiator-bug" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gladiator bug</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gladiator bug, (order Mantophasmatodea), any of approximately 15 species of insects found only in certain regions...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Glans" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Glans</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Glans, genus of small pelecypods (clams) especially characteristic of the Miocene Epoch (between 23.7 and 5.3 million...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/glass-sponge" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>glass sponge</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> glass sponge, any of a class (Hexactinellida, also called Hyalospongiae, or Triaxonia) of sponges characterized...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/glowworm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>glowworm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> glowworm, any crawling, luminous insect that emits light either continuously or in prolonged glows rather than...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/goliath-birdeater-spider" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>goliath birdeater</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> goliath birdeater, (Theraphosa blondi), South American tarantula that is widely considered to be the largest known...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Gonionemus" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Gonionemus</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Gonionemus, genus of small marine hydrozoans (order Limnomedusae, phylum Cnidaria). The conspicuous jellyfish stage...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Goniophora" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Goniophora</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Goniophora, extinct genus of clams found in Silurian to Devonian rocks (the Silurian Period began 444 million years...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gossamer-winged-butterfly" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gossamer-winged butterfly</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gossamer-winged butterfly, (family Lycaenidae), any of a group of small, often brightly coloured butterflies (order...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/grain-weevil" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>grain weevil</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> grain weevil, (species Sitophilus granarius), insect of the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera), a common pest...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/grape-phylloxera" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>grape phylloxera</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> grape phylloxera, (Phylloxera vitifoliae), a small greenish-yellow insect (order Homoptera), highly destructive...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/graptolite" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>graptolite</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> graptolite, any member of an extinct group of small, aquatic colonial animals that first became apparent during...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/grasshopper-insect" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>grasshopper</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> grasshopper, any of a group of jumping insects (suborder Caelifera) that are found in a variety of habitats. Grasshoppers...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-4"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Greenops" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Greenops</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Greenops, genus of trilobites (extinct arthropods) found as fossils in Middle and Upper Devonian deposits (the...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/gribble" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>gribble</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> gribble, any of the approximately 20 species of wood-boring, marine crustaceans constituting the genus Limnoria,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/ground-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ground beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ground beetle, (family Carabidae), any member of more than 40,000 insect species in one of the largest families...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/ground-pearl" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ground pearl</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ground pearl, (genus Margarodes), any of a group of scale insects in the family Margarodidae (order Homoptera)...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Gryphaea" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Gryphaea</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Gryphaea, extinct molluskan genus found as fossils in rocks from the Jurassic Period to the Eocene Epoch (between...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/guinea-worm" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>guinea worm</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> guinea worm, (Dracunculus medinensis), member of the phylum Nematoda. The guinea worm, a parasite of humans, is...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/hairstreak" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>hairstreak</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> hairstreak, (subfamily Theclinae), any of a group of insects in the gossamer-winged butterfly family, Lycaenidae...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/hairy-fungus-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>hairy fungus beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> hairy fungus beetle, (family Mycetophagidae), any of approximately 200 described species of beetles (insect order...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Hallopora" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Hallopora</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Hallopora, genus of extinct bryozoans (moss animals) found as fossils in Ordovician to Silurian marine rocks (from...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Halysites" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Halysites</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Halysites, extinct genus of corals found as fossils in marine rocks from the Late Ordovician Period to the end...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/harlequin-beetle" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>harlequin beetle</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> harlequin beetle, (Acrocinus longimanus), large tropical American beetle with an elaborate variegated pattern of...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/harlequin-cabbage-bug" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>harlequin cabbage bug</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> harlequin cabbage bug, (Murgantia histrionica), a species of insect in the stinkbug family, Pentatomidae (order...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/harvester-butterfly" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>harvester</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> harvester, (subfamily Miletinae), any of a group of predatory insects in the gossamer-winged butterfly family,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/harvester-ant" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>harvester ant</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> harvester ant, any of several different genera of ants (e.g., Messor, Atta, Pheidole, Pogonomyrmex) that gather...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/hawk-moth" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>hawk moth</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> hawk moth, (family Sphingidae), any of a group of sleek-looking moths (order Lepidoptera) that are named for their...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/heart-urchin" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>heart urchin</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> heart urchin, any echinoid marine invertebrate of the order Spatangoidea (phylum Echinodermata), in which the body...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/Heliophyllum" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Heliophyllum</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Heliophyllum, genus of extinct coral found as fossils in Devonian marine rocks (the Devonian Period began 416 million...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/helmet-shell" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>helmet shell</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> helmet shell, any marine snail of the family Cassidae (subclass Prosobranchia, class Gastropoda), characterized...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/hemichordate" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>hemichordate</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> hemichordate, any of a group of wormlike marine invertebrates closely related to both chordates and echinoderms...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/animal/hermit-crab" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>hermit crab</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> hermit crab, any crab of the families Paguridae and Coenobitidae (order Decapoda of the class Crustacea). These...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-5"></span> </div> </div> <h2 class="label my-30">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Encyclopedia Articles By Title</h2> <div class="grid bottom g-10 mb-40"> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/1">ABA-CAT</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/2">CED-EAR</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center bg-orange"> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 link-white pe-none" href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/3">EAS-HER</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/4">HES-MAR</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/5">MAS-PLA</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/6">PLA-SIL</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/7">SKE-VEN</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates/8">VEN-ZOR</a> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="breadcrumb my-30"> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a href="/" class="">Home</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a class="" href="/browse/Science">Science</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> <a class="" href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates</a> </span> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <footer class="md-footer footer-wrapper hide-on-edit"> <div class="footer-bck"> <DIV class="marketing-FOOTER_NEWSLETTER marketing-content" data-marketing-id="FOOTER_NEWSLETTER"><div class="md-footer-newsletter-form pt-10 mb-30 mx-15 mx-sm-120"> <div class="font-18"> <strong>History at your fingertips –</strong> Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox! </div> <div class="p-30"> <div class="newsletter-form-container"> <form class="newsletter-form" method="post" action="/newsletter-subscription/EB_ON_THIS_DAY"> <div class="form-group grid d-flex justify-content-center"> <div class="col-sm-50 col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="enter-your-email">Enter your email</label> <input id="enter-your-email" type="email" name="email" class="form-control font-18 p-10" placeholder="Enter your email" pattern="[a-z0-9._%+-]+@[a-z0-9.-]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$" required> </div> <div class="col-sm-auto col-100 mt-5 mt-sm-0"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-white" style="width: 100%; height:100%;">Subscribe</button> </div> </div> <div class="text-white pt-30 text-opacity"> By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.<br> Click here to view our <a class="link-white text-decoration-underline" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Privacy Notice</a>. Easy unsubscribe links are provided in every email. </div> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="Footer" /><input type="hidden" name="campaign" value="Mendel" /><input type="hidden" name="medium" value="Box" /></form> <div class="md-subscribed hidden text-white"> <div class="my-10">Thank you for subscribing!</div> <div>Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div></DIV> <div class="md-social-toolbar-circle d-flex justify-content-center colored" data-value="connect" > <div class="share-label text-uppercase hidden-xs">Stay Connected</div> <a class="social-icon facebook justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Facebook</span></a> <a class="social-icon x justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="x" href="https://x.com/britannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>X</span></a> <a class="social-icon youtube justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/encyclopaediabritannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>YouTube</span></a> <a class="social-icon instagram justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/britannica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Instagram</span></a> <a class="social-icon pinterest justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/britannica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg height="30" width="30" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="" role="img"><path d="M0 12c0 5.123 3.211 9.497 7.73 11.218-.11-.937-.227-2.482.025-3.566.217-.932 1.401-5.938 1.401-5.938s-.357-.715-.357-1.774c0-1.66.962-2.9 2.161-2.9 1.02 0 1.512.765 1.512 1.682 0 1.025-.653 2.557-.99 3.978-.281 1.189.597 2.159 1.769 2.159 2.123 0 3.756-2.239 3.756-5.471 0-2.861-2.056-4.86-4.991-4.86-3.398 0-5.393 2.549-5.393 5.184 0 1.027.395 2.127.889 2.726a.36.36 0 0 1 .083.343c-.091.378-.293 1.189-.332 1.355-.053.218-.173.265-.4.159-1.492-.694-2.424-2.875-2.424-4.627 0-3.769 2.737-7.229 7.892-7.229 4.144 0 7.365 2.953 7.365 6.899 0 4.117-2.595 7.431-6.199 7.431-1.211 0-2.348-.63-2.738-1.373 0 0-.599 2.282-.744 2.84-.282 1.084-1.064 2.456-1.549 3.235C9.584 23.815 10.77 24 12 24c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12S18.627 0 12 0 0 5.373 0 12"></path></svg> </a> </div> <br/> <div class="container"> <ul class="list-unstyled legal-links"> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank">About Us & Legal Info</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/diversity" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Diversity</a></li> </ul> <div class="mt-20">©2025 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</div> </div> </div> </footer> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"TopicBrowse","templateName":null,"pageNumber":3,"pagesTotal":8,"pageId":null,"pageLength":100,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.133.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-133/dist/topic-browse-page.js?v=3.133.2' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"A","adLeg":"A","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"TopicBrowse","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":null,"gisted":false,"pageNumber":3,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates Browse - Page 3 | Britannica