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Search results for: nonlinear optic
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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: nonlinear optic</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1454</span> Overview of Fiber Optic Gyroscopes as Ring Laser Gyros and Fiber Optic Gyros and the Comparison Between Them</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdo">M. Abdo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shalaby"> Mohamed Shalaby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A key development in the field of inertial sensors, fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are currently thought to be a competitive alternative to mechanical gyroscopes for inertial navigation and control applications. For the past few years, research and development efforts have been conducted all around the world using the FOG as a crucial sensor for high-accuracy inertial navigation systems. The main fundamentals of optical gyros were covered in this essay, followed by discussions of the main types of optical gyros and fiber optic gyroscopes and ring laser gyroscopes and comparisons between them. We also discussed different types of fiber optic gyros, including interferometric, resonator, and Brillion fiber optic gyroscopes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20gyros" title="mechanical gyros">mechanical gyros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20laser%20gyros" title=" ring laser gyros"> ring laser gyros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometric%20finer%20optic%20gyros" title=" interferometric finer optic gyros"> interferometric finer optic gyros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Resonator%20fiber%20optic%20gyros" title=" Resonator fiber optic gyros"> Resonator fiber optic gyros</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168331/overview-of-fiber-optic-gyroscopes-as-ring-laser-gyros-and-fiber-optic-gyros-and-the-comparison-between-them" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1453</span> Study of the Nonlinear Optic Properties of Thin Films of Europium Doped Zinc Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ballouch">Ali Ballouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nourelhouda%20Choukri"> Nourelhouda Choukri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhair%20%20Soufiani"> Zouhair Soufiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20El%20Jouad"> Mohamed El Jouad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Addou"> Mohamed Addou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For several years, significant research has been developed in the areas of applications of semiconductor wide bandgap such as ZnO in optoelectronics. This oxide has the advantage of having a large exciton energy (60 meV) three times higher than that of GaN (21 meV) or ZnS (20 meV). This energy makes zinc oxide resistant for laser irradiations and very interesting for the near UV-visible optic, as well as for studying physical microcavities. A high-energy direct gap at room temperature (Eg > 1 eV) which makes it a potential candidate for emitting devices in the near UV and visible. Our work is to study the nonlinear optical properties, mainly the nonlinear third-order susceptibility of europium doped Zinc oxide thin films. The samples were prepared by chemical vapor spray method (Spray), XRD, SEM technique, THG were used for characterization. In this context, the influence of europium doping on the nonlinear optical response of the Zinc oxide was investigated. The nonlinear third-order properties depend on the physico-chemical parameters (crystallinity, strain, and surface roughness), the nature and the level of doping, temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title="ZnO">ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20optical%20properties" title=" non-linear optical properties"> non-linear optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronics" title=" optoelectronics"> optoelectronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3354/study-of-the-nonlinear-optic-properties-of-thin-films-of-europium-doped-zinc-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1452</span> Overview of Fiber Optic Gyroscopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdo">M. Abdo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elghandour"> Ahmed Elghandour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairy%20Eltahlawy"> Khairy Eltahlawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shalaby"> Mohamed Shalaby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A key development in the field of inertial sensors, fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are currently thought to be a competitive alternative to mechanical gyroscopes for inertial navigation and control applications. For the past few years, research and development efforts have been conducted all around the world using the FOG as a crucial sensor for high-accuracy inertial navigation systems. The main fundamentals of optical gyros were covered in this essay, followed by discussions of the main types of optical gyros—fiber optic gyroscopes and ring laser gyroscopes—and comparisons between them. We also discussed different types of fiber optic gyros, including interferometric, resonator, and brillion fiber optic gyroscopes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20gyros" title="mechanical gyros">mechanical gyros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20laser%20gyros" title=" ring laser gyros"> ring laser gyros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometric%20fiber%20optic%20gyros" title=" interferometric fiber optic gyros"> interferometric fiber optic gyros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonator%20fiber%20optic%20gyros" title=" resonator fiber optic gyros"> resonator fiber optic gyros</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168383/overview-of-fiber-optic-gyroscopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1451</span> Optic Nerve Sheath Measurement in Children with Head Trauma </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabiha%20Sahin">Sabiha Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kursad%20Bora%20Carman"> Kursad Bora Carman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coskun%20Yarar"> Coskun Yarar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Measuring the diameter of the optic nerve sheath is a noninvasive and easy to use imaging technique to predict intracranial pressure in children and adults. The aim was to measure the diameter of the optic nerve sheath in pediatric head trauma. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 children with healthy and 40 patients with head trauma. Transorbital sonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter was performed. Conclusion: The mean diameters of the optic nerve sheath of right and left eyes were 0.408 ± 0.064 mm and 0.417 ± 0.065 mm, respectively, in the trauma group. These results were higher in patients than in control group. There was a negative correlation between optic nerve sheath diameters and Glasgow Coma Scales in patients with head trauma (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between optic nerve sheath diameters and positive CT findings, systolic blood pressure in patients with head trauma. The clinical status of the patients at admission, blood pH and lactate level were related to the optic nerve sheath diameter. Conclusion: Measuring the diameter of the optic nerve sheath is not an invasive technique and can be easily used to predict increased intracranial pressure and to prevent secondary brain injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20trauma" title="head trauma">head trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracranial%20pressure" title=" intracranial pressure"> intracranial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optic%20nerve" title=" optic nerve"> optic nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonography" title=" sonography"> sonography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104676/optic-nerve-sheath-measurement-in-children-with-head-trauma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1450</span> Dynamics of Mach Zehnder Modulator in Open and Closed Loop Bias Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramonika%20Sengupta">Ramonika Sengupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stuti%20Kachhwaha"> Stuti Kachhwaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asha%20Adhiya"> Asha Adhiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Satya%20Raja%20Sekhar"> K. Satya Raja Sekhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajwinder%20Kaur"> Rajwinder Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous efforts have been done in the past decade to develop the methods of secure communication that are free from interception and eavesdropping. In fiber optic communication, chaotic optical carrier signals are used for data encryption in secure data transmission. Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZM) are the key components for generating the chaotic signals to be used as optical carriers. This paper presents the dynamics of a lithium niobate MZM modulator under various biasing conditions. The chaotic fluctuations of the intensity of a laser diode have been generated using the electro-optic MZM modulator operating in a highly nonlinear regime. The modulator is driven in closed loop by its own output at an earlier time. When used as an electro-optic oscillator employing delayed feedback, the MZM displays a wide range of output waveforms of varying complexity. The dynamical behavior of the system ranges from periodic to nonlinear oscillations. The nonlinearity displayed by the system is reproducible and is easily controllable. In this paper, we demonstrate a wide variety of optical signals generated by MZM using easily controllable device parameters in both open and close loop bias conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20carrier" title="chaotic carrier">chaotic carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic%20communication" title=" fiber optic communication"> fiber optic communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mach-Zehnder%20modulator" title=" Mach-Zehnder modulator"> Mach-Zehnder modulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure%20data%20transmission" title=" secure data transmission"> secure data transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95076/dynamics-of-mach-zehnder-modulator-in-open-and-closed-loop-bias-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1449</span> Survey on Fiber Optic Deployment for Telecommunications Operators in Ghana: Coverage Gap, Recommendations and Research Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Padi">Francis Padi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Nunoo"> Solomon Nunoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Kojo%20Annan"> John Kojo Annan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper "Survey on Fiber Optic Deployment for Telecommunications Operators in Ghana: Coverage Gap, Recommendations and Research Directions" presents a comprehensive survey on the deployment of fiber optic networks for telecommunications operators in Ghana. It addresses the challenges encountered by operators using microwave transmission systems for backhauling traffic and emphasizes the advantages of deploying fiber optic networks. The study delves into the coverage gap, provides recommendations, and outlines research directions to enhance the telecommunications infrastructure in Ghana. Additionally, it evaluates next-generation optical access technologies and architectures tailored to operators' needs. The paper also investigates current technological solutions and regulatory, technical, and economical dimensions related to sharing mobile telecommunication networks in emerging countries. Overall, this paper offers valuable insights into fiber optic network deployment for telecommunications operators in Ghana and suggests strategies to meet the increasing demand for data and mobile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey%20on%20fiber%20optic%20deployment" title="survey on fiber optic deployment">survey on fiber optic deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20gap" title=" coverage gap"> coverage gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommendations" title=" recommendations"> recommendations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20directions" title=" research directions"> research directions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189425/survey-on-fiber-optic-deployment-for-telecommunications-operators-in-ghana-coverage-gap-recommendations-and-research-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1448</span> Study on Intensity Modulated Non-Contact Optical Fiber Vibration Sensors of Different Configurations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinkar%20Dantala">Dinkar Dantala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kishore%20Putha"> Kishore Putha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padmavathi%20Manchineelu"> Padmavathi Manchineelu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical fibers are widely used in the measurement of several physical parameters like temperature, pressure, vibrations etc. Measurement of vibrations plays a vital role in machines. In this paper, three fiber optic non-contact vibration sensors were discussed, which are designed based on the principle of light intensity modulation. The Dual plastic optical fiber, Fiber optic fused 1x2 coupler and Fiber optic fused 2x2 coupler vibration sensors are compared based on range of frequency, resolution and sensitivity. It is to conclude that 2x2 coupler configuration shows better response than other two sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic" title="fiber optic">fiber optic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20sensor" title=" vibration sensor"> vibration sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity-modulated" title=" intensity-modulated"> intensity-modulated</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66225/study-on-intensity-modulated-non-contact-optical-fiber-vibration-sensors-of-different-configurations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1447</span> Modalmetric Fiber Sensor and Its Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zyczkowski">M. Zyczkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Markowski"> P. Markowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karol"> M. Karol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The team from IOE MUT is developing fiber optic sensors for the security systems for 15 years. The conclusions of the work indicate that these sensors are complicated. Moreover, these sensors are expensive to produce and require sophisticated signal processing methods.We present the results of the investigations of three different applications of the modalmetric sensor: • Protection of museum collections and heritage buildings, • Protection of fiber optic transmission lines, • Protection of objects of critical infrastructure. Each of the presented applications involves different requirements for the system. The results indicate that it is possible to developed a fiber optic sensor based on a single fiber. Modification of optoelectronic parts with a change of the length of the sensor and the method of reflections of propagating light at the end of the sensor allows to adjust the system to the specific application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modalmetric%20fiber%20optic%20sensor" title="modalmetric fiber optic sensor">modalmetric fiber optic sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20sensor" title=" security sensor"> security sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic%20parts" title=" optoelectronic parts"> optoelectronic parts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9235/modalmetric-fiber-sensor-and-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1446</span> X-Ray Dynamical Diffraction 'Third Order Nonlinear Renninger Effect'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minas%20Balyan">Minas Balyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays X-ray nonlinear diffraction and nonlinear effects are investigated due to the presence of the third generation synchrotron sources and XFELs. X-ray third order nonlinear dynamical diffraction is considered as well. Using the nonlinear model of the usual visible light optics the third-order nonlinear Takagi’s equations for monochromatic waves and the third-order nonlinear time-dependent dynamical diffraction equations for X-ray pulses are obtained by the author in previous papers. The obtained equations show, that even if the Fourier-coefficients of the linear and the third order nonlinear susceptibilities are zero (forbidden reflection), the dynamical diffraction in the nonlinear case is related to the presence in the nonlinear equations the terms proportional to the zero order and the second order nonzero Fourier coefficients of the third order nonlinear susceptibility. Thus, in the third order nonlinear Bragg diffraction case a nonlinear analogue of the well-known Renninger effect takes place. In this work, the 'third order nonlinear Renninger effect' is considered theoretically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bragg%20diffraction" title="Bragg diffraction">Bragg diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Takagi%E2%80%99s%20equations" title=" nonlinear Takagi’s equations"> nonlinear Takagi’s equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Renninger%20effect" title=" nonlinear Renninger effect"> nonlinear Renninger effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20order%20nonlinearity" title=" third order nonlinearity"> third order nonlinearity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55035/x-ray-dynamical-diffraction-third-order-nonlinear-renninger-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1445</span> Attention Based Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Simultaneous Detection and Segmentation of Optic Disc in Retinal Fundus Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandip%20Sadhukhan">Sandip Sadhukhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpita%20Sarkar"> Arpita Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debprasad%20Sinha"> Debprasad Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goutam%20Kumar%20Ghorai"> Goutam Kumar Ghorai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gautam%20Sarkar"> Gautam Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashis%20K.%20Dhara"> Ashis K. Dhara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate segmentation of the optic disc is very important for computer-aided diagnosis of several ocular diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy. The paper presents an accurate and fast optic disc detection and segmentation method using an attention based fully convolutional network. The network is trained from scratch using the fundus images of extended MESSIDOR database and the trained model is used for segmentation of optic disc. The false positives are removed based on morphological operation and shape features. The result is evaluated using three-fold cross-validation on six public fundus image databases such as DIARETDB0, DIARETDB1, DRIVE, AV-INSPIRE, CHASE DB1 and MESSIDOR. The attention based fully convolutional network is robust and effective for detection and segmentation of optic disc in the images affected by diabetic retinopathy and it outperforms existing techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention-based%20fully%20convolutional%20network" title="attention-based fully convolutional network">attention-based fully convolutional network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optic%20disc%20detection%20and%20segmentation" title=" optic disc detection and segmentation"> optic disc detection and segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20fundus%20image" title=" retinal fundus image"> retinal fundus image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening%20of%20ocular%20diseases" title=" screening of ocular diseases"> screening of ocular diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112293/attention-based-fully-convolutional-neural-network-for-simultaneous-detection-and-segmentation-of-optic-disc-in-retinal-fundus-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1444</span> Advances in Fiber Optic Technology for High-Speed Data Transmission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Yusif">Salim Yusif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber optic technology has revolutionized telecommunications and data transmission, providing unmatched speed, bandwidth, and reliability. This paper presents the latest advancements in fiber optic technology, focusing on innovations in fiber materials, transmission techniques, and network architectures that enhance the performance of high-speed data transmission systems. Key advancements include the development of ultra-low-loss optical fibers, multi-core fibers, advanced modulation formats, and the integration of fiber optics into next-generation network architectures such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). Additionally, recent developments in fiber optic sensors are discussed, extending the utility of optical fibers beyond data transmission. Through comprehensive analysis and experimental validation, this research offers valuable insights into the future directions of fiber optic technology, highlighting its potential to drive innovation across various industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optics" title="fiber optics">fiber optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20data%20transmission" title=" high-speed data transmission"> high-speed data transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-low-loss%20optical%20fibers" title=" ultra-low-loss optical fibers"> ultra-low-loss optical fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-core%20fibers" title=" multi-core fibers"> multi-core fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation%20formats" title=" modulation formats"> modulation formats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coherent%20detection" title=" coherent detection"> coherent detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software-defined%20networking" title=" software-defined networking"> software-defined networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20function%20virtualization" title=" network function virtualization"> network function virtualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic%20sensors" title=" fiber optic sensors"> fiber optic sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187022/advances-in-fiber-optic-technology-for-high-speed-data-transmission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1443</span> Drastic Improvement in Vision Following Surgical Excision of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma with Compressive Optic Neuropathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sweta%20Das">Sweta Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This case report is a 15-year-old male who presented with painless unilateral vision loss from left optic nerve compression due to juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. JNA is a rare, benign neoplasm that causes intracranial and intraorbital bone destruction and extends aggressively into surrounding soft tissues. It accounts for <1% of all head and neck tumors, is predominantly found in pediatric males and tends to affect indigenous population disproportionately. The most common presenting symptom for JNA is epistaxis and nasal obstruction. However, it can invade orbit, chiasm and pituitary gland, causing loss of vision and field. Visual acuity and function near normalized following surgical excision. Optometry plays an important role in the diagnosis and co-management of JNA with optic nerve compression by closely monitoring afferent optic nerve function and structure, and extraocular motility. Visual function and acuity in patients with short-term compressive neuropathy may drastically improve following surgical resection as this case demonstrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20mass" title="orbital mass">orbital mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=painless%20monocular%20vision%20loss" title=" painless monocular vision loss"> painless monocular vision loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20optic%20neuropathy" title=" compressive optic neuropathy"> compressive optic neuropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20tumor" title=" pediatric tumor"> pediatric tumor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177871/drastic-improvement-in-vision-following-surgical-excision-of-juvenile-nasopharyngeal-angiofibroma-with-compressive-optic-neuropathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1442</span> Modified DNA as a Base Material for Nonlinear Optics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewelina%20Nowak">Ewelina Nowak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Wisla-Swider"> Anna Wisla-Swider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biomolecule which exhibits an electro-optic properties. These features are related with structure of double-stranded helix. Modification of DNA with ionic liquids allows intensify these properties. The aim of our study was synthesis of ionic liquids that are used the formation of DNA-surfactant complexes in order to obtain new materials with potential application for nonlinear optics. Complexes were achieved through the ion exchange reactions of carbazole-based and imidazole-based ionic liquids with H+ ions from salmon DNA. To examination the properties of obtained complexes DNA-ionic liquids there were investigated using circular dichroism (CD), UV-Vis spectra and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Additionally, the resulting DNA-surfactant complexes were characterized in terms of solubility in common organic solvents and water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deoxyribonucleic%20acid" title="deoxyribonucleic acid">deoxyribonucleic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomolecule" title=" biomolecule"> biomolecule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbazole" title=" carbazole"> carbazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidazole" title=" imidazole"> imidazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquids" title=" ionic liquids"> ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange%20reactions" title=" ion exchange reactions"> ion exchange reactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14071/modified-dna-as-a-base-material-for-nonlinear-optics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1441</span> The Nonlinear Optical Properties Analysis of AlPc-Cl Organic Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Benhaliliba">M. Benhaliliba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ben%20Ahmed"> A. Ben Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.E.%20Benouis"> C.E. Benouis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Ayeshamariam"> A.Ayeshamariam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The properties of nonlinear optical NLOs are examined, and the results confirm the 2.19 eV HOMO-LUMO mismatch. In the Al-Pc cluster, certain functional bond lengths and bond angles have been observed. The Quantum chemical method (DFT and TD-DFT) and Vibrational spectra properties of AlPc are studied. X-ray pattern reveals the crystalline structure along with the (242) orientation of the AlPc organic thin layer. UV-Vis shows the frequency selective behavior of the device. The absorbance of such layer exhibits a high value within the UV range and two consecutive peaks within visible range. Spin coating is used to make an organic diode based on the Aluminium-phthalocynanine (AlPc-Cl) molecule. Under dark and light conditions, electrical characterization of Ag/AlPc/Si/Au is obtained. The diode's high rectifying capability (about 1x104) is subsequently discovered. While the height barrier is constant and saturation current is greatly reliant on light, the ideality factor of such a diode increases to 6.9 which confirms the non-ideality of such a device. The Cheung-Cheung technique is employed to further the investigation and gain additional data such as series resistance and barrier height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlPc-Cl%20organic%20material" title="AlPc-Cl organic material">AlPc-Cl organic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic" title=" nonlinear optic"> nonlinear optic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20filter" title=" optical filter"> optical filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diode" title=" diode"> diode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148773/the-nonlinear-optical-properties-analysis-of-alpc-cl-organic-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1440</span> Red Blood Cells Deformability: A Chaotic Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20M.%20Korol">Ana M. Korol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibiana%20Riquelme"> Bibiana Riquelme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osvaldo%20A.%20Rosso"> Osvaldo A. Rosso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since erythrocyte deformability analysis is mostly qualitative, the development of quantitative nonlinear methods is crucial for restricting subjectivity in the study of cell behaviour. An electro-optic mechanic system called erythrodeformeter has been developed and constructed in our laboratory in order to evaluate the erythrocytes' viscoelasticity. A numerical method formulated on the basis of fractal approximation for ordinary (OBM) and fractionary Brownian motion (FBM), as well as wavelet transform analysis, are proposed to distinguish chaos from noise based on the assumption that diffractometric data involves both deterministic and stochastic components, so it could be modelled as a system of bounded correlated random walk. Here we report studies on 25 donors: 4 alpha thalassaemic patients, 11 beta thalassaemic patients, and 10 healthy controls non-alcoholic and non-smoker individuals. The Correlation Coefficient, a nonlinear parameter, showed evidence of the changes in the erythrocyte deformability; the Wavelet Entropy could quantify those differences which are detected by the light diffraction patterns. Such quantifiers allow a good deal of promise and the possibility of a better understanding of the rheological erythrocytes aspects and also could help in clinical diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20blood%20cells" title="red blood cells">red blood cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformability" title=" deformability"> deformability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20dynamics" title=" nonlinear dynamics"> nonlinear dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos%20theory" title=" chaos theory"> chaos theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20trannsform" title=" wavelet trannsform"> wavelet trannsform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149223/red-blood-cells-deformability-a-chaotic-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1439</span> A New Nonlinear State-Space Model and Its Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Eqal%20Al%20Mazrooei">Abdullah Eqal Al Mazrooei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a new nonlinear model will be introduced. The model is in the state-space form. The nonlinearity of this model is in the state equation where the state vector is multiplied by its self. This technique makes our model generalizes many famous models as Lotka-Volterra model and Lorenz model which have many applications in the real life. We will apply our new model to estimate the wind speed by using a new nonlinear estimator which suitable to work with our model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20systems" title="nonlinear systems">nonlinear systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-space%20model" title=" state-space model"> state-space model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kronecker%20product" title=" Kronecker product"> Kronecker product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20estimator" title=" nonlinear estimator"> nonlinear estimator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34407/a-new-nonlinear-state-space-model-and-its-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">691</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1438</span> Polydimethylsiloxane Applications in Interferometric Optical Fiber Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeenat%20Parveen">Zeenat Parveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain"> Ashiq Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review paper consists of applications of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) materials for enhanced performance, optical fiber sensors in acousto-ultrasonic, mechanical measurements, current applications, sensing, measurements and interferometric optical fiber sensors. We will discuss the basic working principle of fiber optic sensing technology, various types of fiber optic and the PDMS as a coating material to increase the performance. Optical fiber sensing methods for detecting dynamic strain signals, including general sound and acoustic signals, high frequency signals i.e. ultrasonic/ultrasound, and other signals such as acoustic emission and impact induced dynamic strain. Optical fiber sensors have Industrial and civil engineering applications in mechanical measurements. Sometimes it requires different configurations and parameters of sensors. Optical fiber current sensors are based on Faraday Effect due to which we obtain better performance as compared to the conventional current transformer. Recent advancement and cost reduction has simulated interest in optical fiber sensing. Optical techniques are also implemented in material measurement. Fiber optic interferometers are used to sense various physical parameters including temperature, pressure and refractive index. There are four types of interferometers i.e. Fabry–perot, Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, and Sagnac. This paper also describes the future work of fiber optic sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic%20sensing" title="fiber optic sensing">fiber optic sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS%20materials" title=" PDMS materials"> PDMS materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic" title=" acoustic"> acoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20sensor" title=" current sensor"> current sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20measurements" title=" mechanical measurements"> mechanical measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16171/polydimethylsiloxane-applications-in-interferometric-optical-fiber-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1437</span> Achieving Better Security by Using Nonlinear Cellular Automata as a Cryptographic Primitive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Maiti">Swapan Maiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipanwita%20Roy%20Chowdhury"> Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear functions are essential in different cryptoprimitives as they play an important role on the security of the cipher designs. Rule 30 was identified as a powerful nonlinear function for cryptographic applications. However, an attack (MS attack) was mounted against Rule 30 Cellular Automata (CA). Nonlinear rules as well as maximum period CA increase randomness property. In this work, nonlinear rules of maximum period nonlinear hybrid CA (M-NHCA) are studied and it is shown to be a better crypto-primitive than Rule 30 CA. It has also been analysed that the M-NHCA with single nonlinearity injection proposed in the literature is vulnerable against MS attack, whereas M-NHCA with multiple nonlinearity injections provide maximum length cycle as well as better cryptographic primitives and they are also secure against MS attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20period%20nonlinear%20CA" title=" maximum period nonlinear CA"> maximum period nonlinear CA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meier%20and%20Staffelbach%20attack" title=" Meier and Staffelbach attack"> Meier and Staffelbach attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20functions" title=" nonlinear functions"> nonlinear functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864/achieving-better-security-by-using-nonlinear-cellular-automata-as-a-cryptographic-primitive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1436</span> Reliable and Error-Free Transmission through Multimode Polymer Optical Fibers in House Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Ahamad">Tariq Ahamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Al-Kahtani"> Mohammed S. Al-Kahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taisir%20Eldos"> Taisir Eldos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical communications technology has made enormous and steady progress for several decades, providing the key resource in our increasingly information-driven society and economy. Much of this progress has been in finding innovative ways to increase the data carrying capacity of a single optical fiber. In this research article we have explored basic issues in terms of security and reliability for secure and reliable information transfer through the fiber infrastructure. Conspicuously, one potentially enormous source of improvement has however been left untapped in these systems: fibers can easily support hundreds of spatial modes, but today’s commercial systems (single-mode or multi-mode) make no attempt to use these as parallel channels for independent signals. Bandwidth, performance, reliability, cost efficiency, resiliency, redundancy, and security are some of the demands placed on telecommunications today. Since its initial development, fiber optic systems have had the advantage of most of these requirements over copper-based and wireless telecommunications solutions. The largest obstacle preventing most businesses from implementing fiber optic systems was cost. With the recent advancements in fiber optic technology and the ever-growing demand for more bandwidth, the cost of installing and maintaining fiber optic systems has been reduced dramatically. With so many advantages, including cost efficiency, there will continue to be an increase of fiber optic systems replacing copper-based communications. This will also lead to an increase in the expertise and the technology needed to tap into fiber optic networks by intruders. As ever before, all technologies have been subject to hacking and criminal manipulation, fiber optics is no exception. Researching fiber optic security vulnerabilities suggests that not everyone who is responsible for their networks security is aware of the different methods that intruders use to hack virtually undetected into fiber optic cables. With millions of miles of fiber optic cables stretching across the globe and carrying information including but certainly not limited to government, military, and personal information, such as, medical records, banking information, driving records, and credit card information; being aware of fiber optic security vulnerabilities is essential and critical. Many articles and research still suggest that fiber optics is expensive, impractical and hard to tap. Others argue that it is not only easily done, but also inexpensive. This paper will briefly discuss the history of fiber optics, explain the basics of fiber optic technologies and then discuss the vulnerabilities in fiber optic systems and how they can be better protected. Knowing the security risks and knowing the options available may save a company a lot embarrassment, time, and most importantly money. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-house%20networks" title="in-house networks">in-house networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optics" title=" fiber optics"> fiber optics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20risk" title=" security risk"> security risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=money" title=" money"> money</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18874/reliable-and-error-free-transmission-through-multimode-polymer-optical-fibers-in-house-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1435</span> Nonlinear Observer Canonical Form for Genetic Regulation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bououden%20Soraya">Bououden Soraya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to study the existence of the change of coordinates which permits to transform a class of nonlinear dynamical systems into the so-called nonlinear observer canonical form (NOCF). Moreover, an algorithm to construct such a change of coordinates is given. Based on this form, we can design an observer with a linear error dynamic. This enables us to estimate the state of a nonlinear dynamical system. A concrete example (biological model) is provided to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20observer%20canonical%20form" title="nonlinear observer canonical form">nonlinear observer canonical form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observer" title=" observer"> observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20regulation" title=" gene regulation"> gene regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression" title=" gene expression"> gene expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37920/nonlinear-observer-canonical-form-for-genetic-regulation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1434</span> X-Ray Dynamical Diffraction Rocking Curves in Case of Third Order Nonlinear Renninger Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minas%20Balyan">Minas Balyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the third-order nonlinear Takagi’s equations for monochromatic waves and in the third-order nonlinear time-dependent dynamical diffraction equations for X-ray pulses for forbidden reflections the Fourier-coefficients of the linear and the third order nonlinear susceptibilities are zero. The dynamical diffraction in the nonlinear case is related to the presence in the nonlinear equations the terms proportional to the zero order and the second order nonzero Fourier coefficients of the third order nonlinear susceptibility. Thus in the third order nonlinear Bragg diffraction case a nonlinear analogue of the well known Renninger effect takes place. In this work, the ‘third order nonlinear Renninger effect’ is considered theoretically and numerically. If the reflection exactly is forbidden the diffracted wave’s amplitude is zero both in Laue and Bragg cases since the boundary conditions and dynamical diffraction equations are compatible with zero solution. But in real crystals due to some percent of dislocations and other localized defects, the atoms are displaced with respect to their equilibrium positions. Thus in real crystals susceptibilities of forbidden reflection are by some order small than for usual not forbidden reflections but are not exactly equal to zero. The numerical calculations for susceptibilities two order less than for not forbidden reflection show that in Bragg geometry case the nonlinear reflection curve’s behavior is the same as for not forbidden reflection, but for forbidden reflection the rocking curves’ width, center and boundaries are two order sensitive on the input intensity value. This gives an opportunity to investigate third order nonlinear X-ray dynamical diffraction for not intense beams – 0.001 in the units of critical intensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20order%20nonlinearity" title="third order nonlinearity">third order nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bragg%20diffraction" title=" Bragg diffraction"> Bragg diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Renninger%20effect" title=" nonlinear Renninger effect"> nonlinear Renninger effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocking%20curves" title=" rocking curves"> rocking curves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56984/x-ray-dynamical-diffraction-rocking-curves-in-case-of-third-order-nonlinear-renninger-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1433</span> A Filtering Algorithm for a Nonlinear State-Space Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Eqal%20Al%20Mazrooei">Abdullah Eqal Al Mazrooei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kalman filter is a famous algorithm that utilizes to estimate the state in the linear systems. It has numerous applications in technology and science. Since of the most of applications in real life can be described by nonlinear systems. So, Kalman filter does not work with the nonlinear systems because it is suitable to linear systems only. In this work, a nonlinear filtering algorithm is presented which is suitable to use with the special kinds of nonlinear systems. This filter generalizes the Kalman filter. This means that this filter also can be used for the linear systems. Our algorithm depends on a special linearization of the second degree. We introduced the nonlinear algorithm with a bilinear state-space model. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title="Kalman filter">Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtering%20algorithm" title=" filtering algorithm"> filtering algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20systems" title=" nonlinear systems"> nonlinear systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-space%20model" title=" state-space model"> state-space model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74331/a-filtering-algorithm-for-a-nonlinear-state-space-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1432</span> Nonlinear Impact Responses for a Damped Frame Supported by Nonlinear Springs with Hysteresis Using Fast FEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yamaguchi">T. Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Watanabe"> M. Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sasajima"> M. Sasajima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Yuan"> C. Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maruyama"> S. Maruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20B.%20Ibrahim"> T. B. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Tomita"> H. Tomita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with nonlinear vibration analysis using finite element method for frame structures consisting of elastic and viscoelastic damping layers supported by multiple nonlinear concentrated springs with hysteresis damping. The frame is supported by four nonlinear concentrated springs near the four corners. The restoring forces of the springs have cubic non-linearity and linear component of the nonlinear springs has complex quantity to represent linear hysteresis damping. The damping layer of the frame structures has complex modulus of elasticity. Further, the discretized equations in physical coordinate are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary coupled differential equations using normal coordinate corresponding to linear natural modes. Comparing shares of strain energy of the elastic frame, the damping layer and the springs, we evaluate the influences of the damping couplings on the linear and nonlinear impact responses. We also investigate influences of damping changed by stiffness of the elastic frame on the nonlinear coupling in the damped impact responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title="dynamic response">dynamic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20impact%20response" title=" nonlinear impact response"> nonlinear impact response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15947/nonlinear-impact-responses-for-a-damped-frame-supported-by-nonlinear-springs-with-hysteresis-using-fast-fea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1431</span> Localization Problem in Optical Fiber Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zyczkowski">M. Zyczkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Markowski"> P. Markowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karol"> M. Karol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The security industry is making many efforts to lower the costs of system installation. However, the dominant technique is the application of fiber optic sensors. It is necessary to determine the location of the disorder of long optical fiber cables. For a number of years, many research centers developed their own solutions. The article presents the construction of the sensor systems with the possibility of disorder location. We present a methodology for determining location of the disorder. The aim of investigations is to answer the question of which of optical sensor configuration offer the best performance for location of the disorder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic%20sensor" title="fiber optic sensor">fiber optic sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20sensor" title=" security sensor"> security sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20cables" title=" fiber cables"> fiber cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20instillation" title=" system instillation"> system instillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9236/localization-problem-in-optical-fiber-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1430</span> Fiber-Optic Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Akbari%20Khorami">H. Akbari Khorami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Wild"> P. Wild</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Djilali"> N. Djilali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on the response of a fiber-optic sensing probe to small concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor at room temperature. H2O2 has extensive applications in industrial and medical environments. Conversely, H2O2 can be a health hazard by itself. For example, H2O2 induces cellular damage in human cells and its presence can be used to diagnose illnesses such as asthma and human breast cancer. Hence, development of reliable H2O2 sensor is of vital importance to detect and measure this species. Ferric ferrocyanide, referred to as Prussian blue (PB), was deposited on the tip of a multimode optical fiber through the single source precursor technique and served as an indicator of H2O2 in a spectroscopic manner. Sensing tests were performed in H2O2-H2O vapor mixtures with different concentrations of H2O2. The results of sensing tests show the sensor is able to detect H2O2 concentrations in the range of 50.6 ppm to 229.5 ppm. Furthermore, the sensor response to H2O2 concentrations is linear in a log-log scale with the adjacent R-square of 0.93. This sensing behavior allows us to detect and quantify the concentration of H2O2 in the vapor phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20deposition" title="chemical deposition">chemical deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-optic%20sensor" title=" fiber-optic sensor"> fiber-optic sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide%20vapor" title=" hydrogen peroxide vapor"> hydrogen peroxide vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prussian%20blue" title=" prussian blue"> prussian blue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35449/fiber-optic-sensors-for-hydrogen-peroxide-vapor-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1429</span> Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic and Nonlinear Optical Properties of New Picolinate Complex of Manganese (II) Ion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96mer%20Tamer">Ömer Tamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davut%20Avc%C4%B1"> Davut Avcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Atalay"> Yusuf Atalay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Novel picolinate complex of manganese(II) ion, [Mn(pic)2] [pic: picolinate or 2-pyridinecarboxylate], was prepared and fully characterized by single crystal X-ray structure determination. The manganese(II) complex was characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopic techniques. The C=O, C=N and C=C stretching vibrations were found to be strong and simultaneously active in IR and spectra. In order to support these experimental techniques, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed at Gaussian 09W. Although the supramolecular interactions have some influences on the molecular geometry in solid state phase, the calculated data show that the predicted geometries can reproduce the structural parameters. The molecular modeling and calculations of IR, Raman and UV-vis spectra were performed by using DFT levels. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of synthesized complex were evaluated by the determining of dipole moment (µ), polarizability (α) and hyperpolarizability (β). Obtained results demonstrated that the manganese(II) complex is a good candidate for NLO material. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization was analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) which is also known the frontier molecular orbitals were simulated, and obtained energy gap confirmed that charge transfer occurs within manganese(II) complex. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) for synthesized manganese(II) complex displays the electrophilic and nucleophilic regions. From MEP, the the most negative region is located over carboxyl O atoms while positive region is located over H atoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=picolinate" title=" picolinate"> picolinate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IR" title=" IR"> IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman" title=" Raman"> Raman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic" title=" nonlinear optic"> nonlinear optic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25057/synthesis-structural-spectroscopic-and-nonlinear-optical-properties-of-new-picolinate-complex-of-manganese-ii-ion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1428</span> Central Retinal Venous Occlusion Associated O Bilateral Optic Nerve Infiltration Revealing Relapse Of An Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fendouli%20Ines">Fendouli Ines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaafrane%20Nesrine"> Zaafrane Nesrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mhamdi%20Hana"> Mhamdi Hana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Knani%20Leila"> Knani Leila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghorbel%20Mohamed"> Ghorbel Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ocular infiltration of leukemia can involve orbit, uveal tract, retina and optic nerve. It may result from direct ocular infiltration by leukemic cells or indirect ocular involvement resulting from secondary hematologic changes, opportunistic infections and complications of various modalities of therapy. We here in report a case of central venous retinal occlusion associated to optic nerve infiltration as presenting signs of a relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Case Report: A twelve-year-old male -patient of acute B lymphoblastic leukemia presented with headaches and bilateral blurred vision in the left ee. Ophthalmic examination showed a visual acuity reduced to counting fingers in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye. Funduscopy revealed a voluminous disc edema surrounded by retinal haemorrhages in the right eye, and venous tortusities, papillary edema, and hemorrages suggesting central retinal venous occlusion in the LE. Swept source optical coherence tomography revealed a serous retinal detachment in the RE and .hyperreflective inner layers with macular edema in the left eye. Cerebro-orbital MRI showed bilateral thickened left optic nerve. There were no radiological signs of true papillary edema due to intracranial hypertension secondary to central nervous system involvement. Myelogram and lumbar punction demonstrated blast infiltration and confirmed ocular relapse of the leukemia. Conclusion: Ocular involvement lymphoblastic acute leukemias decreased since the introduction of a systematic prophylactic treatment of central nervous system. Periodic ophthalmic examination is necessary to allow early diagnosis and treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20leukemia" title="acute leukemia">acute leukemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optic%20nerve" title=" optic nerve"> optic nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infiltration" title=" infiltration"> infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relapse" title=" relapse"> relapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167221/central-retinal-venous-occlusion-associated-o-bilateral-optic-nerve-infiltration-revealing-relapse-of-an-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1427</span> Direct Design of Steel Bridge Using Nonlinear Inelastic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boo-Sung%20Koh">Boo-Sung Koh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Eock%20Kim"> Seung-Eock Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a direct design using a nonlinear inelastic analysis is suggested. Also, this paper compares the load carrying capacity obtained by a nonlinear inelastic analysis with experiment results to verify the accuracy of the results. The allowable stress design results of a railroad through a plate girder bridge and the safety factor of the nonlinear inelastic analysis were compared to examine the safety performance. As a result, the load safety factor for the nonlinear inelastic analysis was twice as high as the required safety factor under the allowable stress design standard specified in the civil engineering structure design standards for urban magnetic levitation railways, which further verified the advantages of the proposed direct design method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20design" title="direct design">direct design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20inelastic%20analysis" title=" nonlinear inelastic analysis"> nonlinear inelastic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20geometric%20imperfection" title=" initial geometric imperfection"> initial geometric imperfection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24354/direct-design-of-steel-bridge-using-nonlinear-inelastic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1426</span> The Role of NAD+ and Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) in Glaucoma: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Pietris">James Pietris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glaucoma is a collection of irreversible optic neuropathies which, if left untreated, lead to severe visual field loss. These diseases are a leading cause of blindness across the globe and are estimated to affect approximately 80 million people, particularly women and people of Asian descent.1This represents a major burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the potential of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) as a novel option in the management of glaucoma. This review aims to analyse the currently available literature to determine whether there is evidence of an association between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and glaucomatous optic neuropathy and whether nicotinamide has the potential to prevent or reverse these effects. The literature showed a strong connection between reduced NAD+ levels and retinal ganglion cell dysfunction through multiple different studies. There is also evidence of the positive effect of nicotinamide supplementation on retinal ganglion cell function in models of mouse glaucoma and in a study involving humans. Based on the literature findings, a recommendation has been made that more research into the efficacy, appropriate dosing, and potential side effects of nicotinamide supplementation is needed before it can be definitively determined whether it is appropriate for widespread prophylactic and therapeutic use against glaucoma in humans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaucoma" title="glaucoma">glaucoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nicotinamide" title=" nicotinamide"> nicotinamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20B3" title=" vitamin B3"> vitamin B3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optic%20neuropathy" title=" optic neuropathy"> optic neuropathy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148274/the-role-of-nad-and-nicotinamide-vitamin-b3-in-glaucoma-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1425</span> Soliton Solutions of the Higher-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Dispersion Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Triki">H. Triki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Hamaizi"> Y. Hamaizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Akrmi"> A. El-Akrmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider the higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation model with fourth-order dispersion, cubic-quintic terms, and self-steepening. This equation governs the propagation of fem to second pulses in optical fibers. We present new bright and dark solitary wave type solutions for such a model under certain parametric conditions. This kind of solution may be useful to explain some physical phenomena related to wave propagation in a nonlinear optical fiber systems supporting high-order nonlinear and dispersive effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20Schr%C3%B6dinger%20equation" title="nonlinear Schrödinger equation">nonlinear Schrödinger equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-order%20effects" title=" high-order effects"> high-order effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton%20solution" title=" soliton solution"> soliton solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11564/soliton-solutions-of-the-higher-order-nonlinear-schrodinger-equation-with-dispersion-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">636</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">‹</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optic&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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