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Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic English at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
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Study the model texts and tips, then do your own guided writing.</p> <a class="secondaryButton flushbutton" href="/about/academic/academic-iwriter" title="Find out more">Find out more</a> </div> <img class="majorUSPImg major_usp_left_img " border="1" src="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/external/images/product/OLDAE_producthomeimage3.svg?version=2.3.67" title="" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> <div class="responsive_container "> <div class="product-items"> <div class="product-item-box"> <img class="product-image" border="1" src="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/external/images/product/OLDAE_producthomeimage4.svg?version=2.3.67" title="" alt=""> <div class="box-content"> <h2>Collocations</h2> <p>Collocations notes in 690 of the most important entries show over 26,000 collocations (words that are often used together), helping you to understand academic texts and improve your own academic writing.</p> <a class="secondaryButton flushbutton" target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/analyse" class="">Sample entry</a> </div> </div> <div class="product-item-box"> <img class="product-image" border="1" src="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/external/images/product/OLDAE_producthomeimage5.svg?version=2.3.67" title="" alt=""> <div class="box-content"> <h2>Corpus-based examples</h2> <p>50,000 corpus-based examples show how words work in relevant academic contexts, helping you to use words correctly. The examples are full sentences, all taken or adapted from genuine academic texts.</p> <a class="secondaryButton flushbutton" target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/significant" class="">Sample entry</a> </div> </div> <div class="product-item-box"> <img class="product-image" border="1" src="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/external/images/product/OLDAE_producthomeimage6.svg?version=2.3.67" title="" alt=""> <div class="box-content"> <h2>Reference pages</h2> <p>Explore and download lots of useful grammar and other reference material, covering topics such as irregular verbs, geographical names, academic grammar and punctuation.</p> <a class="secondaryButton flushbutton" target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/about/academic/resources" class="">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='ad_btmslot' class='am-home'> <script type='text/javascript'>iaw.cmd.push(function() { iaw.display('ad_btmslot'); });</script> </div> <div class="responsive_container "> <div class="responsive_row sample"> <h2>Sample entries</h2> <hr> <span> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/analyse" target="_blank">analyse</a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/data" target="_blank">data</a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/economic" target="_blank">economic</a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/feature1" target="_blank">feature <i>(noun)</i></a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/focus2" target="_blank">focus <i>(noun)</i></a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/focus1" target="_blank">focus <i>(verb)</i></a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/however" target="_blank">however</a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/research1" target="_blank">research <i>(noun)</i></a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/research2" target="_blank">research <i>(verb)</i></a> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/academic/significant" target="_blank">significant</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="responsive_row upgrade_section vrtcl_cntrd"> <h1>Upgrade to access all Academic English content</h1> <span> <a target="_blank" href="https://elt.oup.com/catalogue/items/global/dictionaries/9780194724883?utm_source=old-site&utm_medium=buy-a-code-button&utm_campaign=oldae" class="buyACodeButton flushbutton">Buy a code</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://account.oup.com/redeem" class="redeemButton flushbutton">Redeem a code</a> </span> </div> </div> <footer id="ox-footer" class="oup-footer"> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="container footer-social-media-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <ul> <li><a href="https://oxelt.gl/30yjpf1" class="facebook-logo" aria-label="Find us on Facebook" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="http://bit.ly/2TZifJB" class="wordpress-logo" aria-label="Find us on Wordpress" target="_blank"></a></li> <li><a href="https://oxelt.gl/37EtQlh" class="instagram-logo" aria-label="Find us on Instagram" target="_blank"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="container footer-content-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col _1eP1"> <p>Oxford Learner's Dictionaries</p> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/browse/">Browse Dictionaries & Grammar</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/search_widget_info">Search Box</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/system-requirements">System Requirements</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col _1eP1"> <p>More from us</p> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://languages.oup.com/dictionaries/english-language-learners/oxford-learners-dictionaries-api/">Oxford Learner's Dictionaries API</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://elt.oup.com/">English Language Teaching</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://elt.oup.com/teachersclub">Oxford Teacher's Club</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersbookshelf.com/home/homePage.html">Oxford Learner's Bookshelf</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://languages.oup.com/">Oxford Languages</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col _1eP1"> <p>Who we are</p> <ul> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.oup.com/about/">About Us</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.oup.com/about/oup_history/">Our history</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.oup.com/about/annualreport/">Annual report</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.oup.com/about/way_we_work/">The way we work</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://global.oup.com/jobs/">Working for OUP</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col _1eP1 empty"></div> <div class="col logo-container logo_desktop"> <p>Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. 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