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if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1318082251717939'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1318082251717939&ev=PageView &noscript=1"/> </noscript>  <div id="informational-content"> <div class="h-g"> <div class="top-g"> <div class="core_block"> <span class="pagetitle"><h1 class="h">Practical English Usage</h1></span> <p class="author-name">by Michael Swan</p> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="peu-home-un-authorized"> <div id="firsttext"></div> <div id="generaltext" class="peu-content"> <h3>Your indispensable guide to problems in English</h3> <h3>Over 2 million copies sold worldwide</h3> <p><i>Practical English Usage</i> has a new fully revised fourth edition available in print and online.</p> <div class="peu-sales-box"> <p>Already have an access code for the online edition? <a class="link-right box-space" href="https://go.oup.com/redeem">Redeem your code</a></p> <p>No access code? Buy one here.</p> <div class="btn btn-premium"> <a href="https://elt.oup.com/catalogue/items/global/grammar_vocabulary/practical_english_usage_4th_edition/9780194202510?utm_source=old-site&utm_medium=buy-a-code-button&utm_campaign=peu4e" target="_blank" title="link opens in a new window">BUY PRACTICAL ENGLISH USAGE</a> </div> </div> <p><i>Practical English Usage</i> answers the questions that teachers and learners ask about English grammar and vocabulary, using clear, corpus-informed explanations and examples.</p> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> if (document.readyState != 'loading'){ initWordlistPanel(); } else if (document.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){initWordlistPanel()}); } else { document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { if (document.readyState != 'loading') initWordlistPanel(); }); } </script> <dl class='open-close ui-plain'> <dt class="hide">Read more ...</dt> <dd> <p><strong>28 sections covering all the grammar and usage that learners need to know</strong>, including:</p> <ul class="disc"> <li><span class="blacktext">the grammar of speech and formal writing</span></li> <li><span class="blacktext">British-American differences</span></li> <li><span class="blacktext">changes in English</span></li> <li><span class="blacktext">questions of style and idiom</span></li> <li><span class="blacktext">lists of learners' most common mistakes</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>A comprehensive guide to vocabulary problems</strong>:</p> <ul class="disc"> <li><span class="blacktext">rules for word formation and spelling</span></li> <li><span class="blacktext">a survey of high-priority vocabulary areas</span></li> <li><span class="blacktext">an A–Z guide to over 250 common word problems</span></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <h2>Sample material</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-the-future-introduction" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>When do we use <i>will</i>, <i>going to</i> or present progressive to talk about the future?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-they" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>Can <i>they</i> and <i>them</i> have a singular meaning?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-in-general" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>Why can't we say <i><del>'She's very interested in the nature'</del></i>?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-as-passive-auxiliary-he-got-caught" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>When do we use <i>get</i> as a passive auxiliary? For example: <i>He got caught</i>.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-introduction" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>The truth about conditionals</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>When do we use <i>bring</i> and when do we use <i>take</i>?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>When do we use <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>may</i> or <i>might</i> to talk about permission?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>How do we read out an email address?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions#politeness-using-questions__2" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>How can we use a question to sound more polite?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/classic-and-classical" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>When do we use <i>classic</i> and when do we use <i>classical</i>?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects-in-the-passive" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>How do we use passives like '<i>Her sister was given the car'</i>?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>Why can't we say <i><del>'I look forward to hear from you'</del></i>?</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules" target='_blank' title='link opens in a new window'>When do we use <i>do/does/did</i> in questions beginning <i>Who...</i>? And when not?</a></li> </ul> <h2>Diagnostic Tests</h2> <p>Find out what you know and what you don't know about grammar and vocabulary problems with our <i>Diagnostic Tests</i>.</p> <p><a class='link-right' href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/about/practical-english-usage/diagnostic-tests">Find out more</a></p> <h2>Recommendations</h2> <p><a class="link-right box-space" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/about/practical-english-usage/what-teachers-say">Read what teachers think about <i>Practical English Usage</i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='ad_btmslot' class='am-default'> <script type='text/javascript'>iaw.cmd.push(function() { iaw.display('ad_btmslot'); });</script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="rightcolumn" class="responsive_entry_center_right"> <div class="responsive_row responsive_premium toc data-fold" id="tocBox"> <script type="text/javascript"> var tocUnFold = (document.cookie.indexOf("tocUnFold") != -1); if(tocUnFold) { var element = document.getElementById("tocBox"); var pattern = new RegExp('\\s*data-fold\\s*'); element.className = element.className.replace(pattern, ''); } </script> <div class="toc_header"> <i class="toc-toggle icon"></i> <h4>Contents overview</h4> </div> <div class="toc_content"> <a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/grammar/practical-english-usage/table-of-content">see detailed version</a> <div class="relatedBlock"> <ul><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-introduction">Verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-verbs">irregular verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-verbs#irregular-verbs__10">common irregular verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-verbs#irregular-verbs__629">verbs that are easily confused</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-verbs#irregular-verbs__742">notes</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-verb-tenses">active verb tenses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-verb-tenses#active-verb-tenses__10">present, future and past; simple, progressive and perfect</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-verb-tenses#active-verb-tenses__60">tenses and time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-verb-tenses#active-verb-tenses__73">table of active verb tenses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/progressive-structures">progressive structures</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/progressive-structures#progressive-structures__10">construction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/progressive-structures#progressive-structures__41">terminology and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/progressive-structures#progressive-structures__72">distancing: <i>I was wondering …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-progressive-verbs">non-progressive verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-progressive-verbs#non-progressive-verbs__10">verbs not often used in progressive (‘continuous’) forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-progressive-verbs#non-progressive-verbs__57">common non-progressive verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-progressive-verbs#non-progressive-verbs__225">progressive and non-progressive uses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-progressive-verbs#non-progressive-verbs__356"><i>can see</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-progressive-verbs#non-progressive-verbs__382"><i>-ing</i> forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/progressive-with-always-etc">progressive with <i>always</i>, etc </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/perfect-structures">perfect structures</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/perfect-structures#perfect-structures__10">construction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/perfect-structures#perfect-structures__44">terminology and use</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjects-objects-and-complements">subjects, objects and complements</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjects-objects-and-complements#subjects-objects-and-complements__12">subjects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjects-objects-and-complements#subjects-objects-and-complements__53">transitive and intransitive verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjects-objects-and-complements#subjects-objects-and-complements__159">complements of place</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjects-objects-and-complements#subjects-objects-and-complements__199">linking verbs</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects">verbs with two objects</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__10">indirect and direct objects: <i>I gave Jack the keys.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__122">indirect object last: <i>I gave the keys to Jack.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__142">two pronouns: <i>Lend them to her.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__169"><i>wh</i>-questions: <i>Who did you buy it for?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__193">passives: <i>I’ve been given a picture.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__224">structures with <i>donate</i>, <i>push</i>, <i>carry</i>, <i>explain</i>, <i>suggest</i>, <i>describe</i> and <i>take</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects#verbs-with-two-objects__297">one object or two</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-both-active-and-passive-meanings">verbs with both active and passive meanings</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-both-active-and-passive-meanings#verbs-with-both-active-and-passive-meanings__10"><i>She opened the door. / The door opened.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-both-active-and-passive-meanings#verbs-with-both-active-and-passive-meanings__69"><i>It scratches easily.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous">verb + object + complement: <i>You make me nervous.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous#verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous__12">adjective and noun complements</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous#verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous__53"><i>I see you as …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous#verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous__79"><i>I considered him to be …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous#verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous__146"><i>They found her (to be) …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous#verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous__170">introductory <i>it</i>: <i>She made it clear that …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous#verb-object-complement-you-make-me-nervous__197">passive structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc">linking verbs: <i>be</i>, <i>seem</i>, <i>look</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc#linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc__14">common linking verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc#linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc__48">adjectives after linking verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc#linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc__65">other uses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc#linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc__108">change: <i>become</i>, <i>get</i>, <i>grow</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc#linking-verbs-be-seem-look-etc__151">other verbs followed by adjectives</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs">two-part verbs: phrasal verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs#two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs__11">verb + adverb particle: <i>get back</i>, <i>walk out</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs#two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs__65">idiomatic meanings: <i>break out</i>; <i>turn up</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs#two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs__94">phrasal verbs with and without objects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs#two-part-verbs-phrasal-verbs__111">word order with objects</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs">two-part verbs: prepositional verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs#two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs__11">verb + preposition: <i>listen to</i>; <i>look at</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs#two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs__38">idiomatic meanings: <i>look after</i>, <i>get over</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs#two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs__57">word order: <i>What are you thinking about?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs#two-part-verbs-prepositional-verbs__82">verbs with prepositions and particles together</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-of-movement-she-ran-in-etc">verbs of movement: <i>she ran in</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs">verb + verb: auxiliary verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs#verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs__11">the need for auxiliary verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs#verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs__23"><i>be</i>, <i>do</i> and <i>have</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs#verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs__59">modal auxiliary verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs#verb-verb-auxiliary-verbs__86">other verb + verb structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-other-structures">verb + verb: other structures</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-other-structures#verb-verb-other-structures__11">infinitives, <i>-ing</i> forms and clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-verb-other-structures#verb-verb-other-structures__94">verb + object + verb</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-have-and-do-introduction"><i>Be</i>, <i>have</i> and <i>do</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-have-and-do-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-general"><i>be</i>: general</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-progressive-forms"><i>be</i>: progressive forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-with-auxiliary-do"><i>be</i> with auxiliary <i>do</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1"><i>there is</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__14">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__62">indefinite subjects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__117">all tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__144">structures with auxiliary <i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__177">more complex structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__229">other verbs: <i>there lived</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-is_1#there-is_1__248">definite subjects</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-introduction"><i>have</i>: introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-auxiliary-verb"><i>have</i>: auxiliary verb</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-auxiliary-verb#have-auxiliary-verb__20">perfect verb forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-auxiliary-verb#have-auxiliary-verb__69">questions and negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-auxiliary-verb#have-auxiliary-verb__93">progressive forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-actions"><i>have</i>: actions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-actions#have-actions__15">meaning and typical expressions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-actions#have-actions__109">grammar</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states"><i>have (got)</i>: possession, relationships and other states</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__15">meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__41">progressive forms not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__64">questions and negatives with <i>do</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__79">shorter question and negative forms: <i>have you …?</i>; <i>she has not</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__112"><i>have got</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__135"><i>have got</i>: details</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__234">repeated states: <i>got</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states#have-got-possession-relationships-and-other-states__273">repetition: a change in British English</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-and-have"><i>be</i> and <i>have</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-and-have#be-and-have__15">physical conditions: hunger, thirst, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-and-have#be-and-have__42">age, height, weight, size and colour</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-introduction"><i>do</i>: introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-introduction#do-introduction__19">auxiliary verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-introduction#do-introduction__47">general-purpose verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-introduction#do-introduction__67">substitute verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-introduction#do-introduction__104">combined forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-auxiliary-verb"><i>do</i>: auxiliary verb</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-auxiliary-verb#do-auxiliary-verb__20">questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-auxiliary-verb#do-auxiliary-verb__53">negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-auxiliary-verb#do-auxiliary-verb__88">emphasis</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-auxiliary-verb#do-auxiliary-verb__104">inversion</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-auxiliary-verb#do-auxiliary-verb__119">ellipsis</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-substitute-verb-i-may-do"><i>do</i>: substitute verb (<i>I may do.</i>)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-substitute-verb-i-may-do#do-substitute-verb-i-may-do__16">auxiliary verb + <i>do</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-so-it-that"><i>do so</i>/<i>it</i>/<i>that</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-so-it-that#do-so-it-that__16"><i>do so</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-so-it-that#do-so-it-that__40"><i>do so</i> and <i>do it/that</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-so-it-that#do-so-it-that__93"><i>do so/it/that</i>: deliberate actions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-so-it-that#do-so-it-that__136">other verbs</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-introduction">Present Tenses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-forms">simple present: forms</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-forms#simple-present-forms__11">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-forms#simple-present-forms__70">spelling of third person singular forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-forms#simple-present-forms__165">pronunciation of third person singular forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use">simple present: use</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use#simple-present-use__11">general time: <i>It always rains in November.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use#simple-present-use__37">not used for things happening just around the present</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use#simple-present-use__89">non-progressive verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use#simple-present-use__116">talking about the future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use#simple-present-use__209">series of events: demonstrations, commentaries, instructions, stories</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-use#simple-present-use__251"><i>how long?</i> present tenses not used</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1">present progressive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__10">present progressive: forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__41">use: ‘around now’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__81">repeated actions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__99">changes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__110">talking about the future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__127">things that happen all the time: present progressive not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__177">verbs not generally used in progressive forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive_1#present-progressive_1__207"><i>how long?</i> present tenses not used</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/stories-commentaries-and-instructions">stories, commentaries and instructions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/stories-commentaries-and-instructions#stories-commentaries-and-instructions__10">stories</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/stories-commentaries-and-instructions#stories-commentaries-and-instructions__43">commentaries</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/stories-commentaries-and-instructions#stories-commentaries-and-instructions__59">instructions and demonstrations</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points">present tenses: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__11">repeated actions: simple or progressive?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__43">long-lasting changes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__59"><i>I promise …</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__92"><i>I hear</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__123"><i>Here comes …</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__143"><i>I feel / I’m feeling</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-tenses-advanced-points#present-tenses-advanced-points__166">formal correspondence</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-the-future-introduction">Talking about the Future</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-the-future-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/going-to_1"><i>going to</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/going-to_1#going-to_1__11">a present tense</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/going-to_1#going-to_1__20">plans: <i>We’re going to get a new car.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/going-to_1#going-to_1__40">things that are on the way: <i>She’s going to have a baby.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/going-to_1#going-to_1__55">commands and refusals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/going-to_1#going-to_1__73"><i>gonna</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive-for-future">present progressive for future</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive-for-future#present-progressive-for-future__10">present reality: <i>I’m washing my hair this evening.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive-for-future#present-progressive-for-future__70">present progressive and <i>going to …</i>: differences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-progressive-for-future#present-progressive-for-future__135">commands and refusals</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-for-future">simple present for future</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-for-future#simple-present-for-future__10">timetables, etc: <i>The summer term starts …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-for-future#simple-present-for-future__32">subordinate clauses: <i>when she gets a job</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-for-future#simple-present-for-future__77">instructions: <i>Where do I pay</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-present-for-future#simple-present-for-future__96">other cases</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will_1"><i>will</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will_1#will_1__11">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will_1#will_1__41">use: giving information about the future; predicting</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will_1#will_1__71">conditional use: <i>You’ll fall if you’re not careful.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will_1#will_1__103">future events already decided: <i>will</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will_1#will_1__123">not used in subordinate clauses: <i>when I arrive</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points"><i>will</i>, <i>going to</i> and present progressive: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__18">present reality</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__49">predictions: thinking and guessing about the future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__102"><i>will</i> and present forms: both possible</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__181">official arrangements: <i>The Princess will meet the President at 14.30.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__196">predictions as orders: <i>The regiment will attack at dawn.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__208">different meanings of <i>will you …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__255">expressing certainty about the present or past</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points#will-going-to-and-present-progressive-advanced-points__301">obligation: <i>shall</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/future-perfect">future perfect</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/future-progressive">future progressive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/future-progressive#future-progressive__17">events in progress in the future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/future-progressive#future-progressive__29">events that are fixed or expected to happen</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/future-progressive#future-progressive__77">progressive form with <i>going to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc"><i>be to</i> + infinitive: <i>I am to …</i>, <i>you are to …</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc#be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc__14">plans and arrangements: <i>He is to visit Nigeria.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc#be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc__33">‘fate’: <i>We were to meet again.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc#be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc__43">pre-conditions: <i>If we are to get there in time …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc#be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc__56">orders: <i>You are to do your homework.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc#be-to-infinitive-i-am-to-you-are-to-etc__68"><i>be</i> + passive infinitive: <i>It is not to be removed.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/future-in-the-past">future in the past</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-and-perfect-tenses-introduction">Past and Perfect Tenses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-and-perfect-tenses-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-past_1">simple past</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-past_1#simple-past_1__13">forms (regular verbs)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-past_1#simple-past_1__84">pronunciation of <i>-ed</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-past_1#simple-past_1__185">spelling of regular affirmative past tense forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/simple-past_1#simple-past_1__297">use</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1">past progressive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__10">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__50">use: <i>What were you doing at eight o’clock?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__88">past progressive and simple past: ‘background’ events</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__106">not used for repeated actions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__132">non-progressive verbs: <i>She said she believed</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__153">used for shorter, temporary actions and situations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-progressive_1#past-progressive_1__178">special uses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning">past verb form with present or future meaning</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning#past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning__16">after conjunctions, instead of <i>would</i>: <i>If I paid now …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning#past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning__73">distancing in questions, requests, etc: <i>I wondered if …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning#past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning__116">‘past’ modals: <i>could</i>, <i>might</i>, <i>would</i>, <i>should</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning#past-verb-form-with-present-or-future-meaning__151">past focus on continuing situations: <i>It was such a nice place</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information">present perfect: basic information</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information#present-perfect-basic-information__18">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information#present-perfect-basic-information__66">other languages</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information#present-perfect-basic-information__77">finished events connected with the present</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information#present-perfect-basic-information__140">time words: <i>ever</i>, <i>before</i>, <i>recently</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information#present-perfect-basic-information__188">repetition up to now: <i>I’ve written six emails …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-basic-information#present-perfect-basic-information__208">continuation up to now: <i>I’ve known her for years</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past">present perfect or past?</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past#present-perfect-or-past__10">not thinking about the present</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past#present-perfect-or-past__61">finished-time words: present perfect not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past#present-perfect-or-past__168">time not mentioned</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past#present-perfect-or-past__192">news and details</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points">present perfect or past: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__11">causes and origins: <i>Who gave you that?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__81">expectation and reality: <i>You’re older than I thought.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__121"><i>today</i>, <i>this week</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__151"><i>always</i>, <i>ever</i> and <i>never</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__177">present perfect with past time expressions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__209">simple past for news</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__222">American English</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__299">bad rules (1): ‘definite time’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__316">bad rules (2): ‘finished actions’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__331">bad rules (3): ‘recent actions’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points#present-perfect-or-past-advanced-points__344">both possible</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1">present perfect progressive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__10">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__33">continuing actions and situations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__64">actions and situations that have just stopped</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__86">repeated actions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__97">time expressions: <i>recently</i>, <i>lately</i>, <i>this week</i>, <i>since …</i>, <i>for …</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__134">not used with finished time expressions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__157"><i>how long?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__188">present perfect progressive and (simple) present perfect</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-progressive_1#present-perfect-progressive_1__217">a bad rule</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-simple-or-progressive">present perfect simple or progressive?</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-simple-or-progressive#present-perfect-simple-or-progressive__11">non-progressive verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-simple-or-progressive#present-perfect-simple-or-progressive__51">temporary or permanent</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-simple-or-progressive#present-perfect-simple-or-progressive__90"><i>how much?</i> <i>how often?</i> simple present perfect</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-present">present perfect or present?</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-present#present-perfect-or-present__11"><i>how long?</i> present perfect</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/present-perfect-or-present#present-perfect-or-present__120"><i>This is the first time</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-basic-information">past perfect: basic information</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-basic-information#past-perfect-basic-information__18">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-basic-information#past-perfect-basic-information__38">meaning and use: earlier past</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-basic-information#past-perfect-basic-information__89">past perfect not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-basic-information#past-perfect-basic-information__112">unreal events: <i>if</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-basic-information#past-perfect-basic-information__147"><i>how long?</i> past perfect, not simple past</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-advanced-points">past perfect: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-advanced-points#past-perfect-advanced-points__11">past perfect or simple past with <i>after</i>, <i>as soon as</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-advanced-points#past-perfect-advanced-points__72">unrealised hopes and wishes; things that did not happen</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-advanced-points#past-perfect-advanced-points__86">past perfect with <i>It was the first/second … that …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-progressive">past perfect progressive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-progressive#past-perfect-progressive__10">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-progressive#past-perfect-progressive__32">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-progressive#past-perfect-progressive__47"><i>how long?</i> past perfect progressive, not past progressive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/past-perfect-progressive#past-perfect-progressive__81">progressive and simple: differences</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-is-the-first-last-etc"><i>This is the first/last</i> …, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-is-the-first-last-etc#this-is-the-first-last-etc__11"><i>This is the first time</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-is-the-first-last-etc#this-is-the-first-last-etc__53">tenses with <i>This is the last …</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passives-introduction">Passives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passives-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passive-structures-and-verb-forms">passive structures and verb forms </a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passive-structures-and-verb-forms#passive-structures-and-verb-forms__11">passive verb forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passive-structures-and-verb-forms#passive-structures-and-verb-forms__126">use of tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passive-structures-and-verb-forms#passive-structures-and-verb-forms__153">verbs not used in the passive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passive-structures-and-verb-forms#passive-structures-and-verb-forms__208">confusing forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-agent"><i>by</i> + agent</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/passive-modal-structures-it-can-be-done-tomorrow">passive modal structures: <i>It can be done tomorrow.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-as-passive-auxiliary-he-got-caught"><i>get</i> as passive auxiliary: <i>He got caught.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-two-objects-in-the-passive">verbs with two objects in the passive</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive">verbs with prepositions in the passive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive#verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive__10"><i>The plan has been looked at carefully.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive#verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive__43"><i>Stones were thrown at him.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive#verbs-with-prepositions-in-the-passive__93"><i>give</i>, <i>send</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/it-was-thought-that"><i>It was thought that …</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/it-was-thought-that#it-was-thought-that__11">clause objects: <i>Nobody thought that she was a spy.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/it-was-thought-that#it-was-thought-that__56">infinitive objects: <i>They decided to …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be"><i>He is believed to be …</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be#he-is-believed-to-be__11"><i>I was asked to send …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be#he-is-believed-to-be__39"><i>He is believed to be dangerous.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be#he-is-believed-to-be__77"><i>hear</i>, <i>see</i>, <i>make</i> and <i>help</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be#he-is-believed-to-be__116">preparatory <i>there</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be#he-is-believed-to-be__137">perfect, progressive and passive infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-is-believed-to-be#he-is-believed-to-be__150">exceptions: wanting and liking</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/he-was-considered-a-genius"><i>He was considered a genius.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/my-suitcase-is-packed"><i>My suitcase is packed.</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/when-do-we-use-passive-structures">When do we use passive structures?</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/when-do-we-use-passive-structures#when-do-we-use-passive-structures__10">interest in the action</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/when-do-we-use-passive-structures#when-do-we-use-passive-structures__29">putting the news at the end</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/when-do-we-use-passive-structures#when-do-we-use-passive-structures__50">keeping the same subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/when-do-we-use-passive-structures#when-do-we-use-passive-structures__69">putting heavier expressions at the end</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/modal-auxiliary-verbs-introduction">Modal Auxiliary Verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/modal-auxiliary-verbs-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/modals-grammar-pronunciation-and-contractions">modals: grammar, pronunciation and contractions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/modals-grammar-pronunciation-and-contractions#modals-grammar-pronunciation-and-contractions__14">grammar</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/modals-grammar-pronunciation-and-contractions#modals-grammar-pronunciation-and-contractions__141">pronunciation and contractions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc">deduction (deciding that something is certain): <i>must</i>, <i>can’t</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__13">statements: <i>Emily must have a problem.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__47">negatives: <i>It can’t be Emily.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__95"><i>need not / does not have to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__129"><i>That must have been nice.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__166"><i>will</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__208">indirect speech</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__218"><i>must</i> and <i>should</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__240">a British-American difference: <i>can’t</i> and <i>must not</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-certain-must-can-t-etc__277"><i>must</i>: not used for predictions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc">deduction (deciding that something is probable): <i>should</i>, <i>ought to</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc__13">present or future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc__48">past: <i>should have</i> / <i>ought to have …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc#deduction-deciding-that-something-is-probable-should-ought-to-etc__77"><i>be supposed to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could">chances: <i>may</i>, <i>might</i> and <i>could</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__14"><i>You may be right</i>; <i>We may go climbing.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__78"><i>may</i>, <i>might</i> and <i>could</i>: the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__101">questions: <i>may</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__140">two negatives: <i>may/might not</i> and <i>can’t</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__180"><i>might</i> meaning ‘would perhaps’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__198">indirect speech: <i>might</i>/<i>could</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__225">past: <i>might</i>/<i>could</i> + infinitive not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__250"><i>may/might/could have …</i>: <i>She may have missed her train.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__289"><i>might/could have</i> …: <i>You might/could have killed yourself.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/chances-may-might-and-could#chances-may-might-and-could__320">the difference between <i>may/might/could</i> and <i>should/ought to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/may-and-might-some-special-uses"><i>may</i> and <i>might</i>: some special uses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/may-and-might-some-special-uses#may-and-might-some-special-uses__13"><i>may</i> in wishes and hopes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/may-and-might-some-special-uses#may-and-might-some-special-uses__39"><i>may</i>/<i>might … but</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/may-and-might-some-special-uses#may-and-might-some-special-uses__67"><i>may</i>/<i>might as well</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will">strong obligation: <i>must</i>, <i>will</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__25">statements: <i>I really must stop smoking.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__47">questions: <i>Must I …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__60">negatives: <i>You mustn’t/can’t …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__74"><i>mustn’t</i> and <i>needn’t / don’t have to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__117">past necessity and obligation: <i>They had to work very hard.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__150">orders with <i>will</i>: <i>Will you be quiet!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__171">indirect speech: <i>He said I must stop.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-must-will#strong-obligation-must-will__188"><i>must</i> and <i>should</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-have-got-to">strong obligation: <i>have (got) to</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-have-got-to#strong-obligation-have-got-to__12">meaning: obligation, certainty</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-have-got-to#strong-obligation-have-got-to__32">grammar: with or without <i>do</i>; <i>got</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/strong-obligation-have-got-to#strong-obligation-have-got-to__72">pronunciation of <i>have to</i>; <i>gotta</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-to-and-must"><i>have (got) to</i> and <i>must</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-to-and-must#have-got-to-and-must__13">Where does the obligation come from? </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/have-got-to-and-must#have-got-to-and-must__97">future obligation: <i>will have to</i>, <i>have (got) to</i> and <i>must</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to">weaker obligation: <i>should</i> and <i>ought to</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to#weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to__13">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to#weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to__65">past use: <i>should have …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to#weaker-obligation-should-and-ought-to__97"><i>ought</i>: forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-had-better">weaker obligation: <i>had better</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-had-better#weaker-obligation-had-better__12">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/weaker-obligation-had-better#weaker-obligation-had-better__49">forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expectations-supposed-to">expectations: <i>supposed to</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/willingness-will-can">willingness: <i>will</i>, <i>can</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/willingness-will-can#willingness-will-can__13">announcing decisions: <i>I’ll answer it.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/willingness-will-can#willingness-will-can__92">refusals: <i>I won’t do it!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/willingness-will-can#willingness-will-can__106">promises and threats: <i>I’ll phone you tonight.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/willingness-will-can#willingness-will-can__151">offers: <i>Can I carry your bag?</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall">instructions and requests: <i>will</i>, <i>would</i>, <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>might</i>, <i>shall</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall#instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall__17">instructions, requests and suggestions: <i>will</i>, <i>would</i>, <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>might</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall#instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall__75">asking for instructions and decisions: <i>shall</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall#instructions-and-requests-will-would-can-could-might-shall__102">criticisms: <i>You could have told me …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to">permission: <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>may</i>, <i>might</i>, <i>be allowed to</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to#permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to__16">asking for, giving and refusing permission: <i>Can I …?</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to#permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to__114">talking about permission: <i>Can everybody …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to#permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to__131">past permission: <i>could</i> is not always possible</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to#permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to__169">indirect speech</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to#permission-can-could-may-might-be-allowed-to__193"><i>be allowed to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could">ability: <i>can</i> and <i>could</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__13">knowledge, skill, strength, etc: <i>I can read Italian.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__47">possible in the situation: <i>We can go to Paris.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__77">past: <i>She could read when she was four.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__101">past: <i>could</i> is not always possible</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__154">other uses of <i>could</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__200"><i>could have …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-can-and-could#ability-can-and-could__255">chances: <i>Will it happen?</i> / <i>Is it happening?</i> – <i>can</i> not used</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-advanced-points">ability: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-advanced-points#ability-advanced-points__11">future: <i>can</i> or <i>will be able</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-advanced-points#ability-advanced-points__46"><i>could</i> in the past</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-advanced-points#ability-advanced-points__102">languages and instruments: <i>She speaks Greek.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ability-advanced-points#ability-advanced-points__117"><i>can/could always</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc"><i>can</i> and <i>could</i> with <i>see</i>, <i>hear</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc#can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc__14"><i>see</i>, <i>hear</i>, <i>feel</i>, <i>smell</i>, <i>taste</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc#can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc__48"><i>guess</i>, <i>tell</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc#can-and-could-with-see-hear-etc__82"><i>understand</i>, <i>follow</i>, <i>remember</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-able-to"><i>be able to</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would">typical behaviour: <i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>may</i>, <i>might</i>, <i>will</i>, <i>would</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would#typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would__17"><i>can</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>may</i> and <i>might</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would#typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would__44"><i>will</i> and <i>would</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would#typical-behaviour-can-could-may-might-will-would__69">criticisms: <i>She</i> will<i> fall in love with the wrong people.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive">typical behaviour: <i>used to</i> + infinitive</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__12">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__33">only past</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__56">questions and negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__106">when <i>used to …</i> is not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__136">word order</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__156">pronunciation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__166"><i>used</i> + infinitive and <i>be used to …ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive#typical-behaviour-used-to-infinitive__194"><i>used to</i> and <i>would</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-ing-forms-and-past-participles-introduction">Infinitives, <i>-ing</i> forms and Past Participles </a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-ing-forms-and-past-participles-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-introduction">infinitives: introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms">infinitives: forms</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__28">progressive infinitive: <i>(to) be …ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__55">perfect infinitive: <i>(to) have</i> + past participle</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__85">passive infinitive: <i>(to) be</i> + past participle</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__115">combinations: <i>to have been sitting</i>; <i>could have been killed</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__143">negative forms: <i>Try not to be late.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__166"><i>to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-forms#infinitives-forms__191">split infinitive: <i>to really understand</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left">use of perfect infinitives: <i>glad to have left</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left#use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left__13">perfect or past meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left#use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left__31">perfect infinitive for ‘unreal’ past</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left#use-of-perfect-infinitives-glad-to-have-left__57">modals: <i>He could have killed himself.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in">infinitives without <i>to</i>: <i>I saw you come in.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in#infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in__21">after modal auxiliary verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in#infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in__83">after <i>let</i>, <i>make</i>, <i>hear</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in#infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in__200">after <i>why (not)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in#infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in__222">after <i>and</i>, <i>or</i>, <i>except</i>, <i>but</i>, <i>than</i>, <i>as</i> and <i>like</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in#infinitives-without-to-i-saw-you-come-in__266">after <i>do</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-as-subject-or-complement">infinitive as subject or complement</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-as-subject-or-complement#infinitive-as-subject-or-complement__11">subject: <i>To practise is important.</i> / <i>It’s important to practise.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-as-subject-or-complement#infinitive-as-subject-or-complement__50">complement: <i>Your task is to get across the river.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-introduction"><i>-ing</i> forms: introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-introduction#ing-forms-introduction__13">‘participles and ‘gerunds’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-introduction#ing-forms-introduction__75">perfect, passive and negative <i>-ing</i> forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-introduction#ing-forms-introduction__96">‘participles’ and ‘gerunds’: an unclear difference</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement"><i>-ing</i> form as subject, object or complement</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement#ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement__12"><i>Smoking is bad for you.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement#ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement__40"><i>-ing</i> form with its own object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement#ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement__55"><i>the opening of Parliament</i>; <i>my smoking</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement#ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement__127">object forms: <i>Do you mind me smoking?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement#ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement__159"><i>It’s nice being with you.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement#ing-form-as-subject-object-or-complement__203">nouns and <i>-ing</i> forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-or-ing-form">infinitive or <i>-ing</i> form?</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives">participles: <i>-ing</i> and <i>-ed</i> forms used like adjectives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__14">names</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__46">active and passive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__68">participles and adjectives: <i>interested</i> and <i>interesting</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__137">active past participles: <i>a fallen leaf</i>; <i>advanced students</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__234">compound structures: <i>English-speaking Canadians</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__267">after nouns: <i>the people questioned</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__321">differences of meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__355"><i>much admired</i>; <i>very frightened</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__429"><i>frightened by</i> / <i>frightened of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives#participles-ing-and-ed-forms-used-like-adjectives__496">special past participle forms: <i>drunken laughter</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-ing-forms-and-past-participles-after-nouns-verbs-etc-introduction">Infinitives, <i>-ing</i> forms and Past Participles after Nouns, Verbs, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-ing-forms-and-past-participles-after-nouns-verbs-etc-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-verbs-it-s-beginning-to-rain">infinitives after verbs: <i>It’s beginning to rain.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/verb-object-infinitive-i-want-you-to-listen">verb + object + infinitive: <i>I want you to listen.</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/try-and-go-and-etc"><i>try and …</i>, <i>go and …</i>, etc </a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/try-and-go-and-etc#try-and-go-and-etc__13"><i>try / be sure / wait and …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/try-and-go-and-etc#try-and-go-and-etc__80"><i>come</i>/<i>go</i>, etc <i>and</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/try-and-go-and-etc#try-and-go-and-etc__109">American English</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling"><i>-ing</i> forms after verbs: <i>I enjoy travelling.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling#ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling__14">verbs that can be followed by <i>-ing</i> forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling#ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling__214">verb + object + <i>-ing</i> form: <i>I dislike people telling me …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling#ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling__258"><i>-ing</i> form with passive meaning: <i>Your hair needs cutting.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling#ing-forms-after-verbs-i-enjoy-travelling__283"><i>-ing</i> form or infinitive</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you">infinitives after adjectives: <i>pleased to see you</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you#infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you__13">reactions and feelings: <i>pleased to see you</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you#infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you__64">other adjectives: <i>certain to win</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you#infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you__126">superlatives, etc: <i>the oldest athlete to win …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you#infinitives-after-adjectives-pleased-to-see-you__167"><i>easy to please</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave">infinitives after nouns and pronouns: <i>my decision to leave</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave#infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave__13">nouns related to verbs: <i>no wish to change</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave#infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave__66">nouns related to adjectives: <i>You were a fool to agree.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave#infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave__83">purpose: <i>a key to open the door</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave#infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave__135"><i>enough</i>, <i>too much</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave#infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave__169">infinitive with preposition: <i>a friend to play with</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave#infinitives-after-nouns-and-pronouns-my-decision-to-leave__196"><i>the life to come</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening"><i>-ing</i> forms after nouns and adjectives: <i>tired of listening</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening#ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening__14"><i>the idea of getting old</i>; <i>tired of listening</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening#ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening__72">purpose: <i>a machine for cutting</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening#ing-forms-after-nouns-and-adjectives-tired-of-listening__101"><i>-ing</i> form or infinitive</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs"><i>-ing</i> forms after prepositions: <i>without breaking eggs</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs#ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs__14">after all prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs#ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs__51"><i>to</i> as a preposition: <i>I look forward to …ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs#ing-forms-after-prepositions-without-breaking-eggs__147">object + infinitive after <i>for</i>: <i>for her to arrive</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses">infinitives or <i>-ing</i> forms: both possible with different uses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__31"><i>remember</i> and <i>forget</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__61"><i>go on</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__80"><i>regret</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__101"><i>advise</i>, <i>allow</i>, <i>permit</i> and <i>forbid</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__160"><i>see</i>, <i>watch</i> and <i>hear</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__196"><i>try</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__225"><i>mean</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__247"><i>learn</i> and <i>teach</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__269"><i>like</i>, <i>love</i>, <i>hate</i> and <i>prefer</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__360"><i>begin</i> and <i>start</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__412"><i>attempt</i>, <i>intend</i>, <i>continue</i>, <i>can’t bear</i>, <i>be accustomed to</i>, <i>be committed to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__443"><i>-ing</i> form or infinitive of purpose: <i>stop</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__470"><i>afraid</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__503"><i>sorry</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__545"><i>certain</i> and <i>sure</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses#infinitives-or-ing-forms-both-possible-with-different-uses__578"><i>interested</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning">active and passive infinitive with similar meaning</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning#active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning__11">obligation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning#active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning__79"><i>to be seen</i>/<i>found</i>/<i>congratulated</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning#active-and-passive-infinitive-with-similar-meaning__128"><i>nothing to do</i> and <i>nothing to be done</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-structures-with-make">causative structures with <i>make</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-structures-with-make#causative-structures-with-make__12">object + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-structures-with-make#causative-structures-with-make__51"><i>make oneself understood</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-structures-with-make#causative-structures-with-make__74">with object + object complement: <i>make people welcome</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-get">causative and similar structures with <i>get</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-get#causative-and-similar-structures-with-get__12">causative: <i>Don’t get him talking.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-get#causative-and-similar-structures-with-get__27">causative: <i>Get Penny to help us.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-get#causative-and-similar-structures-with-get__53">causative: <i>get something done</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-get#causative-and-similar-structures-with-get__75">experience: <i>We got our roof blown off.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-get#causative-and-similar-structures-with-get__95"><i>Get the children dressed.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-have">causative and similar structures with <i>have</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-have#causative-and-similar-structures-with-have__21">causative: <i>have somebody do/doing something</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-have#causative-and-similar-structures-with-have__50">causative: <i>have something done</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-have#causative-and-similar-structures-with-have__75">experience: <i>have something happen/happening</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-have#causative-and-similar-structures-with-have__103">experience: <i>We had our roof blown off.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/causative-and-similar-structures-with-have#causative-and-similar-structures-with-have__117"><i>I won’t have …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-see-etc-object-verb-form"><i>hear, see</i>, etc + object + verb form</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-see-etc-object-verb-form#hear-see-etc-object-verb-form__13"><i>I heard him go/going.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-see-etc-object-verb-form#hear-see-etc-object-verb-form__125">possessives not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-see-etc-object-verb-form#hear-see-etc-object-verb-form__140"><i>I heard my name repeated.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-see-etc-object-verb-form#hear-see-etc-object-verb-form__161"><i>Look at him eating!</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-ing-forms-and-past-participles-other-uses-introduction">Infinitives, <i>-ing</i> forms and Past Participles: Other Uses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-ing-forms-and-past-participles-other-uses-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc">infinitives after question words: <i>who to …</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc#infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc__13">indirect questions: <i>Tell us what to do.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc#infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc__51">direct questions: <i>What shall we do?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc#infinitives-after-question-words-who-to-etc__83">titles: <i>What to do if fire breaks out.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-of-purpose-i-sat-down-to-rest">infinitive of purpose: <i>I sat down to rest.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-of-purpose-i-sat-down-to-rest#infinitive-of-purpose-i-sat-down-to-rest__13"><i>I sat down to rest.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitive-of-purpose-i-sat-down-to-rest#infinitive-of-purpose-i-sat-down-to-rest__34"><i>in order to</i>; <i>so as to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to"><i>for …</i> <i>to …</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__13">infinitive with its own subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__62">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__74">after adjectives: <i>anxious for us to see …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__98"><i>It’s impossible for … to …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__176">after nouns: <i>It’s a good idea for us to …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__206"><i>something for me to do</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__227">after verbs: <i>ask for … to …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__291">after <i>too</i> and <i>enough</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__313">as subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__337"><i>for there to be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-to#for-to__352"><i>that</i>-clauses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-other-uses">infinitives: other uses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-other-uses#infinitives-other-uses__12"><i>I arrived home to find …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-other-uses#infinitives-other-uses__29"><i>To hear her talk, you’d think …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/infinitives-other-uses#infinitives-other-uses__49"><i> to be honest</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses">participle clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__11">structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__30">after nouns: <i>the people invited to the party</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__74">adverbial clauses: <i>Putting down my paper, I …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__112">misrelated participles: <i>Looking out of the window, the mountains …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__155">participle clauses with their own subjects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__177">participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/participle-clauses#participle-clauses__236">object complements</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-and-noun-phrases-agreement-introduction">Nouns and Noun Phrases; Agreement</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-and-noun-phrases-agreement-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-of-plurals">spelling of plurals</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-of-plurals#spelling-of-plurals__14">plural of nouns ending in consonant + <i>y</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-of-plurals#spelling-of-plurals__107">plural of nouns ending in <i>-sh</i>, <i>-ch</i>, <i>-s</i>, <i>-x</i> or <i>-z</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-of-plurals#spelling-of-plurals__184">plural of nouns ending in <i>-o</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals">irregular and special plurals</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__10">irregular plurals in <i>-ves</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__134">other irregular plurals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__223">plural same as singular</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__369">foreign plurals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__529">plurals in <i>’s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__555">compound nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/irregular-and-special-plurals#irregular-and-special-plurals__604">plurals with no singular forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-of-plurals">pronunciation of plurals</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-of-plurals#pronunciation-of-plurals__10">nouns ending in /s/, /z/ and other sibilants</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-of-plurals#pronunciation-of-plurals__69">nouns ending in other unvoiced sounds</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-of-plurals#pronunciation-of-plurals__118">nouns ending in other voiced sounds</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-of-plurals#pronunciation-of-plurals__200">plurals with irregular pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information">countable and uncountable nouns: basic information</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__11">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__115">problems</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__129"><i>travel</i> and <i>a journey</i>; <i>a piece of advice</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__303">materials: <i>glass</i>, <i>paper</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__339"><i>fruit</i>, <i>rice</i>, <i>wheat</i>, <i>spaghetti</i>, <i>hair</i>; <i>vegetables</i>, <i>peas</i>, <i>grapes</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__411">abstract nouns: <i>time</i>, <i>life</i>, <i>experience</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-basic-information__480">illnesses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points">countable and uncountable nouns: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points__11"><i>20 square metres of wall</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points__30"><i>not much difference</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points__75"><i>in all weathers</i>; <i>on your travels</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points__91"><i>a/an</i> with uncountable nouns: <i>a first-class knowledge</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points#countable-and-uncountable-nouns-advanced-points__169">plural uncountables: <i>the groceries</i>; <i>the customs</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers">piece- and group-words: <i>a blade of grass</i>; <i>a bunch of flowers</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers#piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers__13">uncountable nouns: pieces</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers#piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers__63"><i>not a … of …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers#piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers__81"><i>pair</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers#piece-and-group-words-a-blade-of-grass-a-bunch-of-flowers__106">plural nouns: collections</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/noun-complement-what-can-follow-a-noun">noun + complement: What can follow a noun?</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessives-noun-s-forms">possessives: noun + <i>’s</i> (forms)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessives-noun-s-forms#possessives-noun-s-forms__19">spelling</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessives-noun-s-forms#possessives-noun-s-forms__56">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house">nouns in combination: <i>my father’s house</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__12">possessive <i>’s</i> and other determiners</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__90">meanings of the <i>’s</i> structure</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__156"><i>’s</i> not used: <i>the name of the street</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__235">like a subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__270">measurement of time: <i>a day’s journey</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__297">other expressions of time: <i>yesterday’s news</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__312"><i>worth</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house#nouns-in-combination-my-father-s-house__336">possessive without a noun</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate">nouns in combination: <i>milk chocolate</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__12"><i>milk chocolate</i>; <i>chocolate milk</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__57">the first noun is singular: <i>a shoe shop</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__87">measurement: <i>a five-litre can</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__145">exceptions: first noun plural – <i>a clothes shop</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__268">articles</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__284">more than two nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__304">pronunciation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__352">spelling</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate#nouns-in-combination-milk-chocolate__381">other structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure">classifying expressions: noun + noun or preposition structure?</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure#classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure__11">classifying expressions: <i>a sheepdog</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure#classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure__73">containers: <i>a matchbox</i>; <i>a box of matches</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure#classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure__92">units, selections and collections: <i>piece</i>, <i>group</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure#classifying-expressions-noun-noun-or-preposition-structure__125">‘made of’: <i>a silk dress</i>; <i>silken skin</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk">classifying expressions with <i>’s</i>: <i>a child’s toy</i>; <i>cow’s milk</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk#classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk__14">noun + <i>’s</i> + noun: <i>children’s clothes</i>; <i>a bird’s nest</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk#classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk__80">noun + <i>’s</i> + noun: <i>cow’s milk</i>; <i>a hen’s egg</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk#classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk__129">parts: <i>a man’s leg</i>; <i>a table leg</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk#classifying-expressions-with-s-a-child-s-toy-cow-s-milk__162">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-expressions-with-plural-verbs">singular expressions with plural verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-expressions-with-plural-verbs#singular-expressions-with-plural-verbs__10">groups of people: <i>The team is/are …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-expressions-with-plural-verbs#singular-expressions-with-plural-verbs__159"><i>A number of people have …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs">plural expressions with singular verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs#plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs__10">amounts and quantities: <i>that five pounds</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs#plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs__42">calculations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs#plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs__67"><i>more than one</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs#plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs__78"><i>one of …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs#plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs__104"><i>and</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs#plural-expressions-with-singular-verbs__124">countries and organisations: <i>The United States is …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures"> mixed singular and plural: other structures</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__14"><i>one of the few women who have climbed Everest</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__51"><i>A serious problem is wasps.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__77">singular subject, plural continuation, plural verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__106">co-ordinated subjects: <i>A and B</i>, <i>A or B</i>, <i>A as well as B</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__160"><i>who</i> and <i>what</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__245"><i>here’s</i>, <i>there’s</i> and <i>where’s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__267"><i>another</i>, <i>a/an</i> + adjective</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__303"><i>kind</i>, <i>sort</i> and <i>type</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__322"><i>every</i> (frequency)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures#mixed-singular-and-plural-other-structures__333">fractions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats">distributive plural: <i>Tell them to bring raincoats.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats#distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats__12">people doing the same thing</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats#distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats__45">repeated events</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats#distributive-plural-tell-them-to-bring-raincoats__76">generalisations and rules</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/turning-verbs-into-nouns-a-cough-a-taste">turning verbs into nouns: <i>a cough</i>, <i>a taste</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/turning-verbs-into-nouns-a-cough-a-taste#turning-verbs-into-nouns-a-cough-a-taste__13">using nouns for actions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/turning-verbs-into-nouns-a-cough-a-taste#turning-verbs-into-nouns-a-cough-a-taste__34">common structures</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/determiners-a-an-and-the-my-your-etc-this-that-etc-introduction">Determiners: <i>a/an</i> and <i>the</i>; <i>my</i>, <i>your</i>, etc; <i>this</i>, <i>that</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/determiners-a-an-and-the-my-your-etc-this-that-etc-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-introduction">articles: introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-introduction#articles-introduction__18">What are articles?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-introduction#articles-introduction__30">What are articles used for?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-introduction#articles-introduction__36">How much do articles matter?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-introduction#articles-introduction__49">speakers of Western European languages</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-introduction#articles-introduction__67">speakers of other languages</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-basic-information-a">articles: basic information (A)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-basic-information-a#articles-basic-information-a__27">talking in general: <i>Life is complicated.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-basic-information-a#articles-basic-information-a__51">talking about jobs, types, etc: <i>She’s a dentist.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-basic-information-b">articles: basic information (B)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-basic-information-b#articles-basic-information-b__28">two basic rules</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/articles-basic-information-b#articles-basic-information-b__71">four common mistakes to avoid</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the">more about <i>the</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__18"><i>the</i> = ‘you know which one(s)’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__126"><i>the</i> = ‘the only one(s) around’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__153">superlatives: <i>I’m the oldest.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__180"><i>the</i> meaning ‘the well-known’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__193">possessives and demonstratives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__225">proper nouns (names)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__261">things in general</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-the#more-about-the__288">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an">more about <i>a</i>/<i>an</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__19">countable and uncountable nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__62"><i>a</i>/<i>an</i> with singular countable nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__93">uses of <i>a</i>/<i>an</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__170">when <i>a/an</i> cannot be left out</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__230">when <i>a</i>/<i>an</i> is not used: adjectives alone; possessives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__267"><i>a</i>/<i>an</i> and <i>the</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more-about-a-an#more-about-a-an__291"><i>a</i> and <i>an</i>: the difference</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns">no article with plural and uncountable nouns</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns#no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns__17"><i>a/an</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns#no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns__63">confusing nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns#no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns__114"><i>some</i> and <i>any</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns#no-article-with-plural-and-uncountable-nouns__134"><i>the</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difference-between-some-any-and-no-article">the difference between <i>some</i>/<i>any</i> and no article</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difference-between-some-any-and-no-article#the-difference-between-some-any-and-no-article__19">use with uncountable and plural nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difference-between-some-any-and-no-article#the-difference-between-some-any-and-no-article__43"><i>some</i>/<i>any</i> or no article?</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-in-general">talking in general</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-in-general#talking-in-general__17"><i>the</i> does not mean ‘all’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-in-general#talking-in-general__118">generalisations with singular countable nouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases"><i>the</i>: difficult cases</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases#the-difficult-cases__37">groups: <i>nurses</i> or <i>the nurses</i>; <i>railways</i> or <i>the railways</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases#the-difficult-cases__92"><i>French painters</i>; <i>the Impressionists</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases#the-difficult-cases__123"><i>1960s music</i>; <i>the music of the 1960s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases#the-difficult-cases__150">physical environment: <i>the town</i>, <i>the sea</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases#the-difficult-cases__188"><i>on the bus</i>; <i>at the gym</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-difficult-cases#the-difficult-cases__218"><i>She kicked him on the knee.</i>; <i>He sat at the side.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions">special rules and exceptions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__17">common expressions without articles: <i>in bed;</i> <i>at school</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__70">double expressions: <i>with knife and fork</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__97">possessive <i>’s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__131">noun modifiers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__144"><i>both</i> and <i>all</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__177"><i>kind of</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__201"><i>amount</i> and <i>number</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__222"><i>man</i> and <i>woman</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__260">days, months and seasons</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__293">musical instruments</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__314"><i>(the) radio</i>, <i>(the) cinema</i>, <i>(the) theatre</i> and <i>television</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__349">jobs and positions: <i>He was elected President.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__379">addressing people: <i>Good morning, children.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__395">exclamations: <i>What a …!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__426">illnesses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__475">parts of the body, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__514">measurements: <i>by the hour</i>; <i>twice a week</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__542">place names</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__697">newspapers and magazines</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-rules-and-exceptions#special-rules-and-exceptions__713">abbreviated styles</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc">possessive determiners: <i>my</i>, <i>your</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc#possessive-determiners-my-your-etc__20">What kind of words are they?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc#possessive-determiners-my-your-etc__53"><i>one’s</i> and <i>whose</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc#possessive-determiners-my-your-etc__86">not used with other determiners</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc#possessive-determiners-my-your-etc__135">distributive use: <i>She told them to open their books</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc#possessive-determiners-my-your-etc__155">articles instead of possessives: <i>a pain in the head</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-determiners-my-your-etc#possessive-determiners-my-your-etc__203">spelling: <i>its</i>, <i>whose</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that"><i>this</i> and <i>that</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__19">determiners or pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__40">people and things</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__105">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__140">time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__205">acceptance and rejection</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__220">on the telephone</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__237"><i>that</i>, <i>those</i> meaning ‘the one(s)’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__254"><i>this</i> and <i>that</i> meaning ‘so’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-and-that#this-and-that__294">other uses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned"><i>this</i>/<i>that</i> and <i>it</i>: things that have just been mentioned</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned#this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned__22">referring back</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned#this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned__52">more than one thing</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned#this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned__80">focus</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned#this-that-and-it-things-that-have-just-been-mentioned__102">referring forward</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/determiners-quantifiers-introduction">Determiners: Quantifiers</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/determiners-quantifiers-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-introduction"><i>all</i>: introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-introduction#all-introduction__12">three or more items</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-introduction#all-introduction__31"><i>all (of)</i> with noun phrases and pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-introduction#all-introduction__54">with the subject or the verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-introduction#all-introduction__73"><i>all</i> without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-introduction#all-introduction__91"><i>all</i> with adjectives, adverbs, etc: <i>all alone</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns"><i>all (of)</i> with noun phrases and pronouns</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns#all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns__11"><i>all</i> and <i>all of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns#all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns__45"><i>all of</i> + personal pronoun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns#all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns__72">pronoun + <i>all</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns#all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns__133">types of noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns#all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns__168">leaving out <i>the</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns#all-of-with-noun-phrases-and-pronouns__197"><i>not all …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-with-the-verb-we-can-all-swim"><i>all</i> with the verb: <i>We can all swim.</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-everybody-everyone-and-everything"><i>all</i>, <i>everybody</i>/<i>everyone</i> and <i>everything</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-everybody-everyone-and-everything#all-everybody-everyone-and-everything__14"><i>all</i> and <i>everybody</i>/<i>everyone</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-everybody-everyone-and-everything#all-everybody-everyone-and-everything__36"><i>all</i> and <i>everything</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-everybody-everyone-and-everything#all-everybody-everyone-and-everything__92">older English</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole"><i>all</i> and <i>whole</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole#all-and-whole__13">pronunciation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole#all-and-whole__29">word order</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole#all-and-whole__57">indefinite reference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole#all-and-whole__74">uncountable nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole#all-and-whole__91"><i>the whole of</i> (mainly BrE)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-and-whole#all-and-whole__123">plural nouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one"><i>every (one)</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__11"><i>every</i> + singular</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__44"><i>every one of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__68"><i>every one</i> without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__79">negative structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__92"><i>every</i> + plural noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__107"><i>everybody</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__158"><i>everyday</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-one#every-one__172">common expressions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-and-all"><i>every</i> and <i>all</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-and-all#every-and-all__19"><i>every</i> with singular nouns; <i>all</i> with plurals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-and-all#every-and-all__49"><i>every</i> not used with determiners</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-and-all#every-and-all__88"><i>all</i> with uncountables</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/every-and-all#every-and-all__107"><i>all day</i> and <i>every day</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each_1"><i>each</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each_1#each_1__11"><i>each</i> + singular</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each_1#each_1__38"><i>each of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each_1#each_1__58">position with object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each_1#each_1__84">without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each_1#each_1__96">with the verb</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each-and-every-the-difference"><i>each</i> and <i>every</i>: the difference</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each-and-every-the-difference#each-and-every-the-difference__14"><i>each</i> with two or more; <i>every</i> with three or more</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each-and-every-the-difference#each-and-every-the-difference__53">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/each-and-every-the-difference#each-and-every-the-difference__77">structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1"><i>both</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1#both_1__11">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1#both_1__27"><i>both</i> and <i>both of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1#both_1__60"><i>the</i> not used before <i>both</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1#both_1__78">personal pronouns: <i>both of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1#both_1__142">position with verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/both_1#both_1__174">negative structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1"><i>either</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1#either_1__11"><i>either</i> + singular</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1#either_1__36"><i>either of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1#either_1__61">without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1#either_1__79">pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1#either_1__90"><i>either side/end</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/either_1#either_1__101">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/neither_1"><i>neither</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/neither_1#neither_1__11"><i>neither</i> + singular noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/neither_1#neither_1__30"><i>neither of</i> + plural</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/neither_1#neither_1__62"><i>neither</i> used alone</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/neither_1#neither_1__81">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1"><i>some</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__11">meaning: indefinite quantity/number</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__23">pronunciation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__50"><i>some</i> and <i>any</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__78"><i>some</i> and <i>a</i>/<i>an</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__113">when <i>some</i> is not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__142"><i>some</i> and <i>some of</i>; <i>some</i> with no following noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__207">contrast with <i>others</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__237">an unknown person or thing</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__266"><i>some party!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some_1#some_1__279">with numbers</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1"><i>any</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__11">meaning: indefinite amount or number</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__55"><i>any</i> and <i>some</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__77"><i>any</i> and <i>not any</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__137">when <i>any</i> is not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__175"><i>any</i> and <i>any of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__224">without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any_1#any_1__287">compounds</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any-it-doesn-t-matter-who-which-what"><i>any</i> = ‘it doesn’t matter who/which/what’</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some-and-any-the-main-differences"><i>some</i> and <i>any</i>: the main differences</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some-and-any-the-main-differences#some-and-any-the-main-differences__14">indefinite quantities</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some-and-any-the-main-differences#some-and-any-the-main-differences__57"><i>some</i> in questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some-and-any-the-main-differences#some-and-any-the-main-differences__77"><i>any</i> in affirmative clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some-and-any-the-main-differences#some-and-any-the-main-differences__109"><i>if</i>-clauses</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any-and-every-the-difference"><i>any</i> and <i>every</i>: the difference</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any"><i>no</i>, <i>none</i> and <i>not a</i>/<i>any</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any#no-none-and-not-a-any__15"><i>no</i>: emphatic</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any#no-none-and-not-a-any__38"><i>none of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any#no-none-and-not-a-any__86"><i>not a</i>/<i>any</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any#no-none-and-not-a-any__106">subjects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any#no-none-and-not-a-any__141"><i>not</i> used to talk about two</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-none-and-not-a-any#no-none-and-not-a-any__165"><i>nobody</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-one-and-none"><i>no one</i> and <i>none</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-one-and-none#no-one-and-none__12"><i>no one</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-one-and-none#no-one-and-none__35"><i>none</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1"><i>much</i> and <i>many</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__12">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__26"><i>much/many of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__65"><i>much/many</i> without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__106">not used in affirmative clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__172">after <i>so</i>, <i>as</i> and <i>too</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__191"><i>my many friends</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-and-many_1#much-and-many_1__201"><i>much</i> as adverb</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more_1"><i>more</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more_1#more_1__11"><i>more (of)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more_1#more_1__45"><i>more</i> without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more_1#more_1__56"><i>one more</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/more_1#more_1__70"><i>more</i> as an adverb</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/most_1"><i>most</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/most_1#most_1__11"><i>most (of)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/most_1#most_1__58"><i>most</i> without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/most_1#most_1__69"><i>the most</i> (= ‘more than any other/others’) with nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/most_1#most_1__86"><i>the most</i> as an adverb</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few"><i>(a) little</i> and <i>(a) few</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few#a-little-and-a-few__13">uncountable and plural</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few#a-little-and-a-few__50">use of <i>a</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few#a-little-and-a-few__102">formal and informal language</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few#a-little-and-a-few__125"><i>(a) little</i> and <i>(a) few</i> without nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few#a-little-and-a-few__145">not used after <i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-little-and-a-few#a-little-and-a-few__163"><i>his few friends</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/less-and-fewer"><i>less</i> and <i>fewer</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/less-and-fewer#less-and-fewer__13">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/less-and-fewer#less-and-fewer__33"><i>less</i>/<i>fewer</i> with and without <i>of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/less-and-fewer#less-and-fewer__70"><i>less</i> and <i>fewer</i> without nouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest"><i>least</i> and <i>fewest</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__13"><i>the least</i> as determiner: superlative of <i>little</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__50">‘any … at all’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__70"><i>the fewest</i> as determiner: superlative of <i>few</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__97"><i>(the) least</i> with adjectives: the opposite of <i>(the) most</i> or <i>(the) …est</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__127"><i>least</i> as adverb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__141"><i>at least</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/least-and-fewest#least-and-fewest__173"><i>not in the least</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_1"><i>enough</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_1#enough_1__11"><i>enough</i> + noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_1#enough_1__80">without a noun</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc">quantifying expressions: <i>a lot</i>, <i>lots</i>, <i>a great deal</i>, <i>the majority</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__15">introduction; use of <i>of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__62"><i>a lot of</i> and <i>lots of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__101"><i>plenty of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__114"><i>a great deal of</i>, <i>a large amount of</i> and <i>a large number of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__144"><i>the majority of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__161">not used with measurement nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc#quantifying-expressions-a-lot-lots-a-great-deal-the-majority-etc__184">use without following nouns</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronouns-introduction">Pronouns</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronouns-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information">personal pronouns: basic information</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__11">terminology and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__54">subject and object forms: <i>I</i> and <i>me</i>, <i>he</i> and <i>him</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__102">other uses of object forms: <i>It was her</i>.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__180">Personal pronouns cannot be left out.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__232">One subject is enough.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__283">personal and relative pronouns: one or the other, not both</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__313"><i>it</i> referring to <i>nothing</i>, the situation, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__338"><i>it</i> as ‘empty’ subject: <i>It’s ten o’clock.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__366"><i>it</i> used to identify</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-basic-information#personal-pronouns-basic-information__417"><i>we women</i>, <i>you men</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points">personal pronouns: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__11"><i>Jack and me went</i>; <i>between you and I</i>; <i>us women understand</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__42"><i>as</i>, <i>than</i>, <i>but</i> and <i>except</i> + <i>me</i> or <i>I</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__90"><i>It is</i>/<i>was me that …</i> / <i>I who …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__121">mixed subject and object: <i>It’s for him to decide.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__144">inclusive and exclusive <i>we</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__164"><i>us</i> meaning ‘me’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__176"><i>Poor you!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__189"><i>you</i>: different singular and plural forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__229"><i>he</i>/<i>she who …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__255">politeness</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/personal-pronouns-advanced-points#personal-pronouns-advanced-points__309">leaving out personal pronouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-they">singular <i>they</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-they#singular-they__11"><i>Somebody left their umbrella.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/singular-they#singular-they__83">correctness</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possessive-pronouns-mine-yours-etc">possessive pronouns: <i>mine</i>, <i>yours</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-friend-of-mine-etc"><i>a friend of mine</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc">reflexive pronouns: <i>myself</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__12">What are reflexive pronouns?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__27">use: <i>I cut myself shaving.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__67">same clause</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__82">after prepositions: <i>She took her dog with her.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__111">emphatic use: <i>Do it yourself.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__127">reflexives used instead of personal pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__161"><i>by oneself</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__183"><i>-selves</i> and <i>each other</i> / <i>one another</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__207"><i>own</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc#reflexive-pronouns-myself-etc__227">reflexives not used</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another">reciprocal pronouns: <i>each other</i> and <i>one another</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another#reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another__13">no difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another#reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another__27">not used as subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another#reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another__43"><i>each other’s / one another’s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another#reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another__53"><i>-selves</i>, possessives and <i>each other</i> / <i>one another</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another#reciprocal-pronouns-each-other-and-one-another__81">words used without <i>each other</i> / <i>one another</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc"><i>somebody</i>, <i>someone</i>, <i>anybody</i>, <i>anyone</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__17"><i>-body</i> and <i>-one</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__35"><i>some-</i> and <i>any-</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__78">singular</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__106">use of <i>they</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__143">complementation: <i>somebody nice</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__181"><i>someplace</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__196"><i>anyone</i> and <i>any one</i>; <i>everyone</i> and <i>every one</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc#somebody-someone-anybody-anyone-etc__222"><i>sometime</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general"><i>one</i>, <i>you</i> and <i>they</i>: used for people in general</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general#one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general__15"><i>one</i> and <i>you</i>: meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general#one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general__30"><i>one</i> and <i>you</i>: formality and class</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general#one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general__49"><i>one</i> and <i>you</i>: only used in generalisations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general#one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general__106">people including the speaker/hearer</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general#one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general__124"><i>one/you</i> as subject, object, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general#one-you-and-they-used-for-people-in-general__169"><i>they</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one"><i>one</i> (substitute word): <i>a big one</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__13">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__43"><i>a … one</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__62"><i>ones</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__99">uncountable nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__118"><i>which (one)</i>, <i>this (one)</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__171">not used after <i>my</i>, etc, <i>some</i>, <i>several</i>, <i>a few</i>, <i>both</i> or a number</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__264"><i>that of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__300">noun modifiers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-substitute-word-a-big-one#one-substitute-word-a-big-one__316"><i>One(s)</i> always refers back.</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-introduction">Adjectives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-normal-position">adjectives: normal position</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-normal-position#adjectives-normal-position__11">two positions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-normal-position#adjectives-normal-position__65">adjectives used only before nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-normal-position#adjectives-normal-position__150">adjectives used only after verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-normal-position#adjectives-normal-position__222">verb + object + adjective</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives">order of adjectives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__13">description before classification: <i>an old political idea</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__91">opinion before description: <i>a wonderful old house</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__177">order of descriptive words</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__279">numbers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__304">noun modifiers after adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__315">commas</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/order-of-adjectives#order-of-adjectives__352">after a verb</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-with-and">adjectives with <i>and</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-with-and#adjectives-with-and__15">after a verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-with-and#adjectives-with-and__38">before a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-with-and#adjectives-with-and__76"><i>and</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-with-and#adjectives-with-and__99"><i>nice and …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns">adjectives after nouns and pronouns</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns#adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns__13">fixed phrases: <i>Secretary General</i>; <i>court martial</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns#adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns__37"><i>available</i>, <i>possible</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns#adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns__58"><i>present</i>, <i>proper</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns#adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns__89">expressions of measurement: <i>two metres high</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns#adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns__113">adjectives with complements: <i>people skilled in design</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns#adjectives-after-nouns-and-pronouns__166"><i>something</i>, <i>everything</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-position-after-as-how-so-too">adjectives: position after <i>as</i>, <i>how</i>, <i>so</i>, <i>too</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns">adjectives without nouns</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns#adjectives-without-nouns__30">well-known groups: <i>the old</i>; <i>the poor</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns#adjectives-without-nouns__144">adjectives of nationality: <i>the Irish</i>; <i>the Dutch</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns#adjectives-without-nouns__192">singular examples: <i>the accused</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns#adjectives-without-nouns__211">abstract ideas: <i>the supernatural</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns#adjectives-without-nouns__228">choices: <i>White or brown?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adjectives-without-nouns#adjectives-without-nouns__257">superlatives: <i>We bought the cheapest.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gradable-and-non-gradable-adjectives">gradable and non-gradable adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/measurements-marked-and-unmarked-forms">measurements: ‘marked’ and ‘unmarked’ forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-of-aged-naked-etc">pronunciation of <i>aged</i>, <i>naked</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what-can-follow-an-adjective">What can follow an adjective?</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-and-adverbials-introduction">Adverbs and Adverbials</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-and-adverbials-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-of-manner-and-adjectives">adverbs of manner and adjectives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-of-manner-and-adjectives#adverbs-of-manner-and-adjectives__10">adverbs of manner with verbs: <i>He sang badly.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-of-manner-and-adjectives#adverbs-of-manner-and-adjectives__71">other uses: <i>terribly cold</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases">adverbs or adjectives: confusing cases</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases#adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases__11">adjectives ending in <i>-ly</i>: <i>friendly</i>, <i>lively</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases#adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases__71">adjectives and adverbs with the same form; adverbs with two forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases#adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases__631">comparatives and superlatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases#adverbs-or-adjectives-confusing-cases__642">American English</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc">adverb particles: <i>up</i>, <i>down</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>away</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc#adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc__15">adverb particles and prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc#adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc__93">phrasal verbs: <i>give up</i>, <i>break down</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc#adverb-particles-up-down-back-away-etc__109">adverb particles with <i>be</i>: <i>I’m off!</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/position-of-adverbials-introduction">position of adverbials: introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/position-of-adverbials-introduction#position-of-adverbials-introduction__18">verb and object: <i>She speaks English well.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/position-of-adverbials-introduction#position-of-adverbials-introduction__52">front, mid- and end position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/position-of-adverbials-introduction#position-of-adverbials-introduction__93">What goes where?</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/connecting-and-comment-adverbials">connecting and comment adverbials</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness">indefinite frequency, certainty and completeness</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness#indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness__18">adverbials of indefinite frequency: <i>usually</i>, <i>often</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness#indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness__99">adverbials of certainty: <i>probably</i>, <i>certainly</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness#indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness__132">adverbials of completeness: <i>practically</i>, <i>partly</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness#indefinite-frequency-certainty-and-completeness__178">longer adverbials: <i>from time to time</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/focusing-adverbials">focusing adverbials</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mid-position-details">mid-position: details</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mid-position-details#mid-position-details__11">What exactly is mid-position?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mid-position-details#mid-position-details__99">mid-position (details): adverbials with negative verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mid-position-details#mid-position-details__141">mid-position (details): adverbials with emphatic verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mid-position-details#mid-position-details__172">mid-position (details): American English</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/manner-place-and-time">manner, place and time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/manner-place-and-time#manner-place-and-time__13">manner</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/manner-place-and-time#manner-place-and-time__53">place</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/manner-place-and-time#manner-place-and-time__126">time and definite frequency</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/manner-place-and-time#manner-place-and-time__165">order</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/adverbials-modifying-adverbials-terribly-sorry-right-past-me">adverbials modifying adverbials: <i>terribly sorry</i>; <i>right past me</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-introduction">Comparison</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as"><i>as … as</i>; <i>as much</i>/<i>many as</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__13">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__33">negative structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__48"><i>as … as possible</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__72">pronouns after <i>as</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__93"><i>as much/many … as</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__120">emphatic use: <i>as much as 80kg</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__140"><i>half as … as</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__172">modification: <i>nearly as …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__198">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__218">leaving out the second part: <i>twice as long …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-as-as-much-many-as#as-as-as-much-many-as__235">traditional expressions: <i>as cold as ice</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives">comparative and superlative adjectives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives#comparative-and-superlative-adjectives__19">one-syllable adjectives (regular comparison)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives#comparative-and-superlative-adjectives__52">irregular comparison</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives#comparative-and-superlative-adjectives__180">two-syllable adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives#comparative-and-superlative-adjectives__269">longer adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives#comparative-and-superlative-adjectives__372"><i>more</i>, <i>most</i> with short adjectives</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparative-and-superlative-adverbs">comparative and superlative adverbs</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives">using comparatives and superlatives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__10"><i>than</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__35">the difference between comparatives and superlatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__77">groups with two members</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__91">double comparatives: <i>fatter and fatter</i>; <i>more and more slowly</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__110"><i>the … the …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__170"><i>than me</i>; <i>than I (am)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__188"><i>the happiest man in the world</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/using-comparatives-and-superlatives#using-comparatives-and-superlatives__228"><i>than anybody</i>; <i>the best … ever</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc"><i>much older</i>, <i>by far the oldest</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc#much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc__12"><i>much</i>, <i>far</i>, etc with comparatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc#much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc__98"><i>many more</i>/<i>less</i>/<i>fewer</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc#much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc__134"><i>much</i>, <i>by far</i>, <i>quite</i>, etc with superlative noun phrases</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc#much-older-by-far-the-oldest-etc__169"><i>very</i> with superlatives</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points">comparison: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points#comparison-advanced-points__11">comparative meaning ‘relatively’, ‘more than average’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points#comparison-advanced-points__30"><i>all/any/none the</i> + comparative</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points#comparison-advanced-points__56"><i>three times …er</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points#comparison-advanced-points__92">words left out after <i>than</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points#comparison-advanced-points__133"><i>the youngest person to</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comparison-advanced-points#comparison-advanced-points__166">superlatives with or without <i>the</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-introduction">Prepositions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses">prepositions at the ends of clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__10">introduction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__42"><i>wh</i>-questions: <i>What are you looking at?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__97">relative clauses: <i>the house I told you about</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__137">passives: <i>She likes to be looked at.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__156">infinitive structures: <i>pleasant to live in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__179">exceptions: <i>During which period …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses#prepositions-at-the-ends-of-clauses__203">formal structures: <i>With whom …?</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-before-conjunctions">prepositions before conjunctions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-before-conjunctions#prepositions-before-conjunctions__13">indirect speech: prepositions dropped before <i>that</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-before-conjunctions#prepositions-before-conjunctions__58">emotional reactions: prepositions dropped</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-before-conjunctions#prepositions-before-conjunctions__92"><i>the fact that</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-before-conjunctions#prepositions-before-conjunctions__125">question words</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ing-forms-and-infinitives"><i>-ing</i> forms and infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-before-particular-words-and-expressions">prepositions before particular words and expressions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prepositions-after-particular-words-and-expressions">prepositions after particular words and expressions</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions">expressions without prepositions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__13"><i>discuss</i>, <i>emphasise</i>, <i>enter</i>, <i>marry</i>, <i>lack</i>, <i>resemble</i> and <i>approach</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__108"><i>next</i>, <i>last</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__148">days of the week</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__158"><i>a</i> meaning ‘each’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__180"><i>What time …?</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__203"><i>about</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__216">‘how long’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__229">measurement expressions, etc after <i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__263"><i>(in) this way</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__277"><i>home</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__300"><i>place</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expressions-without-prepositions#expressions-without-prepositions__315">infinitive structures</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/basic-clause-types-introduction">Basic Clause Types</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/basic-clause-types-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order">sentence structure: basic word order</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__11">subject – verb – object/complement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__44">preparatory <i>it</i> and <i>there</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__76">direct and indirect objects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__94">questions: auxiliary before subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__114">negatives: auxiliary + <i>not</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__136">adverbials: possible positions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__164">subordinate clauses (<i>who …</i>, <i>after …</i> , <i>if …</i>, <i>because …</i>, <i>that …</i>, etc)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sentence-structure-basic-word-order#sentence-structure-basic-word-order__220">prepositions: <i>in what …</i> / <i>what … in</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules">questions: basic rules</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__38">auxiliary verb before subject: <i>Have you …</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__82"><i>do</i>: <i>Do you like …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__110"><i>do</i> not used with other auxiliaries</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__136">infinitive after <i>do</i>: <i>What does he want?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__166">only auxiliary verb before subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__208"><i>Who phoned? / Who did you phone?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__284">indirect questions: <i>Tell me when you are leaving.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/questions-basic-rules#questions-basic-rules__303">prepositions: <i>What are you talking about?</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules">negative structures: basic rules</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__11">negative verb forms: auxiliary + <i>not</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__107">imperatives: <i>Don’t worry.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__143">infinitives and <i>-ing</i> forms: <i>It’s important not to worry.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__165">other parts of a clause: <i>not his wife</i>, <i>not before six</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__209">other negative words: <i>never</i>, <i>seldom</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__251">question tags: <i>You don’t …</i>, <i>do you?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-basic-rules#negative-structures-basic-rules__297">‘non-affirmative’ words: <i>any</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-questions">negative questions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-questions#negative-questions__10">structure: <i>Doesn’t she understand?</i> / <i>Does she not understand?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-questions#negative-questions__48">two meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-questions#negative-questions__115">polite requests, invitations, offers, complaints and criticisms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-questions#negative-questions__158"><i>yes</i> and <i>no</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc">negative structures with <i>think</i>, <i>hope</i>, <i>seem</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc#negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc__14"><i>I don’t think …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc#negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc__54"><i>I hope that … not …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc#negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc__71">short answers: <i>I suppose not</i>.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc#negative-structures-with-think-hope-seem-etc__126">verbs followed by infinitives</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody">multiple negatives: I couldn’t see nobody.</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody#multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody__12">English and other languages</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody#multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody__63"><i>nobody</i> and <i>not anybody</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody#multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody__115">double and multiple negatives and their meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody#multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody__139">dialects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody#multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody__171"><i>… I don’t think</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody#multiple-negatives-i-couldn-t-see-nobody__185">extra negative in expressions of doubt</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ambiguous-negatives">ambiguous negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/non-affirmative-words-anybody-ever-yet-etc">non-affirmative words: <i>anybody</i>, <i>ever</i>, <i>yet</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/exclamations_1">exclamations</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/exclamations_1#exclamations_1__17">exclamations with <i>how</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/exclamations_1#exclamations_1__62">exclamations with <i>what</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/exclamations_1#exclamations_1__117">exclamations with <i>so</i> and <i>such</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/exclamations_1#exclamations_1__172">negative question forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1">imperatives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__10">forms and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__58">emphatic imperative: <i>Do sit down.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__73">passive imperative: <i>Get vaccinated.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__93"><i>do(n’t) be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__115">subject with imperative: <i>Somebody answer the phone.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__156">question tags</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/imperatives_1#imperatives_1__191">word order with <i>always</i> and <i>never</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let-introducing-imperatives"><i>let</i> introducing imperatives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let-introducing-imperatives#let-introducing-imperatives__17">first person plural imperative: <i>let’s …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let-introducing-imperatives#let-introducing-imperatives__72">first person singular imperative: <i>let me …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let-introducing-imperatives#let-introducing-imperatives__109">third-person imperative: <i>let him …</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/conjunctions-sentences-and-clauses-introduction">Conjunctions, Sentences and Clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/conjunctions-sentences-and-clauses-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/putting-things-together-and-but-or">putting things together: <i>and</i>, <i>but</i>, <i>or</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/putting-things-together-and-but-or#putting-things-together-and-but-or__14"><i>and</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/putting-things-together-and-but-or#putting-things-together-and-but-or__87">fixed expressions: <i>bread and butter</i>, <i>hands and knees</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/putting-things-together-and-but-or#putting-things-together-and-but-or__127"><i>but</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/putting-things-together-and-but-or#putting-things-together-and-but-or__147"><i>or</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/not-or-not-nor-and-not"><i>not … or</i>; <i>not … nor</i>; <i>and not</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/not-or-not-nor-and-not#not-or-not-nor-and-not__13"><i>not</i> used once for two negative ideas</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/not-or-not-nor-and-not#not-or-not-nor-and-not__71">two separate negative clauses: <i>not either</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/not-or-not-nor-and-not#not-or-not-nor-and-not__120">positive + negative: <i>also / as well / too</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only">emphatic coordination: <i>both … and</i>; <i>(n)either … (n)or</i>; <i>not only</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only#emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only__17"><i>both … and</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only#emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only__64"><i>either … or</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only#emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only__128"><i>neither … nor</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only#emphatic-coordination-both-and-n-either-n-or-not-only__175"><i>not only … but also</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points">subordinate clauses: some general points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points#subordinate-clauses-some-general-points__14">position of subordinate clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points#subordinate-clauses-some-general-points__70">punctuation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points#subordinate-clauses-some-general-points__90">leaving words out</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points#subordinate-clauses-some-general-points__157">conjunctions in separate sentences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points#subordinate-clauses-some-general-points__193">one conjunction for two clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subordinate-clauses-some-general-points#subordinate-clauses-some-general-points__246">relative pronouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/who-which-what-etc-after-prepositions"><i>who</i>, <i>which</i>, <i>what</i>, etc after prepositions</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses">tense simplification in subordinate clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__10">reasons for tense simplification</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__54">present instead of future: <i>I’ll write when I have time.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__126">present perfect: <i>… when I’ve finished</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__150">future in subordinate clauses: <i>… where she will be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__178"><i>in case</i>, <i>I hope</i>, <i>I bet, it doesn’t matter</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__224">past instead of <i>would …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__286">simplification of perfect and progressive verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses#tense-simplification-in-subordinate-clauses__311">exceptions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc">subjunctive: <i>that she go</i>, <i>that they be</i>, <i>if I were</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc#subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc__14">What is the subjunctive?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc#subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc__39"><i>that she see</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc#subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc__75"><i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc#subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc__113">fixed phrases: <i>as it were</i>; <i>so be it</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc#subjunctive-that-she-go-that-they-be-if-i-were-etc__142">other structures</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relative-clauses-introduction">Relative Clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relative-clauses-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information">relatives: basic information</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__11"><i>who</i>, <i>whom</i> and <i>which</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__42">subject and object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__75"><i>that</i> = <i>who</i>/<i>which</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__96"><i>all that</i>, <i>only … that</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__148">leaving out object pronouns: <i>the people we met</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__167">one subject or object is enough</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__238">whose: <i>a girl whose hair …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__263"><i>which</i> referring to a whole clause</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-basic-information#relatives-basic-information__290">relative <i>when</i>, <i>where</i> and <i>why</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who">identifying and non-identifying clauses: <i>the tall man who …</i>; <i>Mr Rogers, who …</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who#identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who__13">two kinds of relative clause</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who#identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who__35">pronunciation and punctuation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who#identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who__79">use of <i>that</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who#identifying-and-non-identifying-clauses-the-tall-man-who-mr-rogers-who__115">leaving out object pronouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose_1"><i>whose</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose_1#whose_1__11">relative possessive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose_1#whose_1__40">things: <i>of which</i>; <i>that … of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose_1#whose_1__78">only used as a determiner</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose_1#whose_1__101">formality</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what_1"><i>what</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what_1#what_1__11">meaning and use: <i>the thing(s) which</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what_1#what_1__45"><i>what</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what_1#what_1__91"><i>what</i> as a determiner: <i>what money he has</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points">relatives: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__11">double use of relative pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__17">relative pronouns as general-purpose connectors</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__38"><i>who</i> and <i>whom</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__65">an unsatisfactory rule</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__87"><i>that</i> for people</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__122"><i>which</i> as determiner; <i>in which case</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__142"><i>when</i>, <i>where</i>, etc replaced by <i>that</i> or dropped</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__210">position of prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__257"><i>some of whom</i>, <i>none of which</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__324"><i>whatever</i>, <i>whoever</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__380">reduced relative clauses: <i>the girl dancing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__409">separating a noun from its relative pronoun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__435">agreement of person</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__465">relative + infinitive: <i>a garden in which to play</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__506">relative clauses after indefinite noun phrases</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__540"><i>It was Alice who …</i>; <i>What I need is …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__559"><i>somebody I know you’ll like</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__599"><i>a car that I didn’t know how fast it could go</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__621">omission of subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__632">double object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/relatives-advanced-points#relatives-advanced-points__666">older English: <i>who</i> and <i>that which</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-introduction"><i>If</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ordinary-structures">ordinary structures</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ordinary-structures#ordinary-structures__19">the same tenses as with other conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ordinary-structures#ordinary-structures__66">present tense with future meaning</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would">special structures with past tenses and <i>would</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would#special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would__20">unreal situations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would#special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would__28"><i>if</i> + past; <i>would</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would#special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would__77"><i>would</i>, <i>should</i> and ’<i>d</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would#special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would__130"><i>if I were</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would#special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would__161">Ordinary tense-use or special tense-use? <i>If I come</i> or <i>if I came</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would#special-structures-with-past-tenses-and-would__198"><i>could</i> and <i>might</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-i-were-you"><i>if I were you</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-i-were-you#if-i-were-you__12">advice</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-i-were-you#if-i-were-you__35"><i>I should/would …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unreal-past-situations">unreal past situations</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unreal-past-situations#unreal-past-situations__16"><i>if</i> + past perfect; <i>would have</i> + past participle</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unreal-past-situations#unreal-past-situations__53"><i>could have …</i> and <i>might have</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unreal-past-situations#unreal-past-situations__70">present use: situations that are no longer possible</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-only"><i>if only</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-will"><i>if … will</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-will#if-will__47">results</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-will#if-will__73">‘If it is true now that …’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-will#if-will__87">indirect questions: <i>I don’t know if</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-will#if-will__111">polite requests: <i>If you will come this way …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-will#if-will__137">insistence: <i>If you WILL eat so much …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points">other points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__11"><i>if … happen to</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__33"><i>if … was/were to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__75"><i>if it was/were not for</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__98">leaving out <i>if</i>: conversational – <i>You want to get in, you pay.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__111">leaving out <i>if</i>: formal inversion structures – <i>Had I realised …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__150">leaving out words after <i>if</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__187"><i>if so</i> and <i>if not</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__205">extra negative: <i>I wonder if we shouldn’t …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__223"><i>if … then</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__236"><i>if</i> meaning ‘even if’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__255">admitting facts with <i>if</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__266"><i>if</i> meaning ‘I’m saying this in case’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-points#other-points__279"><i>if</i> meaning ‘although’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-structures-found-in-spoken-english">other structures found in spoken English</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-structures-found-in-spoken-english#other-structures-found-in-spoken-english__11"><i>would</i> in both clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-structures-found-in-spoken-english#other-structures-found-in-spoken-english__38"><i>’d have … ’d have</i>; <i>would have … would have</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-structures-found-in-spoken-english#other-structures-found-in-spoken-english__59"><i>had’ve</i> and <i>would’ve</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-structures-found-in-spoken-english#other-structures-found-in-spoken-english__87">mixed tenses</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-words-and-expressions-with-similar-uses">other words and expressions with similar uses</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unless_1"><i>unless</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unless_1#unless_1__12">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unless_1#unless_1__39">when <i>unless</i> cannot be used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/unless_1#unless_1__76">tenses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-case-and-if"><i>in case</i> and <i>if</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-case-and-if#in-case-and-if__14">precautions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-case-and-if#in-case-and-if__43"><i>in case … happen to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-case-and-if#in-case-and-if__62"><i>in case</i> and <i>if</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-case-and-if#in-case-and-if__124"><i>in case of</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-adverbial-clauses-introduction">Other Adverbial Clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-adverbial-clauses-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-conjunction"><i>after</i>: conjunction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-conjunction#after-conjunction__20">use and position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-conjunction#after-conjunction__42">present with future meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-conjunction#after-conjunction__63">perfect tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-conjunction#after-conjunction__92"><i>after …ing</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-conjunction"><i>before</i>: conjunction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-conjunction#before-conjunction__20">use and position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-conjunction#before-conjunction__42">present or present perfect tense with future meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-conjunction#before-conjunction__66">perfect tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-conjunction#before-conjunction__84">before things that don’t happen</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-conjunction#before-conjunction__96"><i>before …ing</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events"><i>as</i>, <i>when</i> and <i>while</i>: simultaneous events</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events#as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events__21">‘backgrounds’: <i>as</i>, <i>when</i> or <i>while</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events#as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events__64">simultaneous long actions: <i>while</i>; <i>as</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events#as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events__102">simultaneous short actions: <i>(just) as</i>; <i>(just) when</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events#as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events__121">future reference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events#as-when-and-while-simultaneous-events__137">reduced clauses with <i>when</i> and <i>while</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc"><i>whoever</i>, <i>whatever</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__12">meaning and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__50"><i>whoever</i>, <i>whichever</i> and <i>whatever</i>: subjects and objects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__86">clauses as subjects or objects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__124"><i>whenever</i> = ‘every time that’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__137"><i>whoever</i>, etc … <i>may</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__153">leaving out the verb: <i>whatever his problems</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__176">informal uses: short answers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whoever-whatever-etc#whoever-whatever-etc__225"><i>whatever</i> meaning ‘at all’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-matter-who-etc"><i>no matter who</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-matter-who-etc#no-matter-who-etc__11">conjunction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-matter-who-etc#no-matter-who-etc__42"><i>no matter who</i>, etc and <i>whoever</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-matter-who-etc#no-matter-who-etc__93"><i>no matter</i> and <i>it doesn’t matter</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-matter-who-etc#no-matter-who-etc__115"><i>no matter what</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-or"><i>whether … or …</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-and-though-special-word-order"><i>as</i> and <i>though</i>: special word order</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-and-though-special-word-order#as-and-though-special-word-order__14">adjective/adverb/noun + <i>as</i> + clause</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/than-and-as-clauses-leaving-out-subjects-etc"><i>than-</i> and <i>as-</i>clauses: leaving out subjects, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/than-and-as-clauses-leaving-out-subjects-etc#than-and-as-clauses-leaving-out-subjects-etc__14">subjects: <i>more than is necessary</i>; <i>as happened</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/than-and-as-clauses-leaving-out-subjects-etc#than-and-as-clauses-leaving-out-subjects-etc__96">objects and complements: <i>as I did last year</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/noun-clauses-direct-and-indirect-speech-introduction">Noun Clauses, Direct and Indirect Speech</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/noun-clauses-direct-and-indirect-speech-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order">direct speech: reporting verbs and word order</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order#direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order__11">informal spoken reports: <i>said</i>, <i>thought</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order#direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order__27">literary direct speech: <i>ask</i>, <i>exclaim</i>, <i>suggest …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order#direct-speech-reporting-verbs-and-word-order__72"><i>I was like …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-introduction">indirect speech: introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-introduction#indirect-speech-introduction__11">change of situation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-introduction#indirect-speech-introduction__35">pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-introduction#indirect-speech-introduction__53">‘here and now’ words</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-introduction#indirect-speech-introduction__130">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-introduction#indirect-speech-introduction__144">dropping <i>that</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-tenses">indirect speech: tenses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-tenses#indirect-speech-tenses__11">past reporting verbs: <i>He said he didn’t like the party.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-tenses#indirect-speech-tenses__42">examples of natural tense changes after past reporting verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-tenses#indirect-speech-tenses__159"><i>would</i>, <i>could</i>, etc: no change</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-tenses#indirect-speech-tenses__186"><i>I told them I was British.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-tenses#indirect-speech-tenses__250">No tense change after <i>He says</i>, <i>I’ll tell her</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-questions-and-answers">indirect speech: questions and answers</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-questions-and-answers#indirect-speech-questions-and-answers__11">word order: <i>I asked where Alice was.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-questions-and-answers#indirect-speech-questions-and-answers__107">no question marks</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-questions-and-answers#indirect-speech-questions-and-answers__122"><i>yes/no</i> questions: <i>He asked if</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-questions-and-answers#indirect-speech-questions-and-answers__154"><i>say</i> and <i>tell</i>: answers, not questions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-and-if"><i>whether</i> and <i>if</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-and-if#whether-and-if__13">indirect questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-and-if#whether-and-if__54">prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-and-if#whether-and-if__73">infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-and-if#whether-and-if__91">subject, complement and adverbial clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whether-and-if#whether-and-if__110">not used in echo questions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-infinitives">indirect speech: infinitives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-infinitives#indirect-speech-infinitives__11"><i>He promised to write.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-infinitives#indirect-speech-infinitives__45"><i>He asked her how to</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-infinitives#indirect-speech-infinitives__69"><i>suggest</i>, <i>say</i>: infinitives not used</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points">indirect speech: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__11">reporting past tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__56">reporting present and future tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__112">modal verbs in indirect speech</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__208">reporting <i>‘Shall I …?’</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__242">conditionals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__280">negative questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__321">word order with <i>what</i>, <i>who</i> and <i>which</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__405"><i>She’s written I don’t know how many books.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indirect-speech-advanced-points#indirect-speech-advanced-points__434">indirect speech without reporting verbs</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1"><i>that-</i>clauses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__12"><i>that</i> as a connector</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__27"><i>that</i>-clauses in sentences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__57"><i>the fact that …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__118">preparatory <i>it</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__154"><i>that</i>-clauses after verbs, nouns and adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__200"><i>should</i> in <i>that</i>-clauses: <i>It’s important that … should</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__264"><i>should</i> in <i>that</i>-clauses: <i>It’s surprising that … should</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__340"><i>Who do you wish (that) you’d married?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/that-clauses_1#that-clauses_1__378">compound conjunctions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leaving-out-that">leaving out <i>that</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leaving-out-that#leaving-out-that__15">indirect speech: <i>He said (that) …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leaving-out-that#leaving-out-that__51">after adjectives: <i>I’m glad you’re all right.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leaving-out-that#leaving-out-that__66">not dropped after nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leaving-out-that#leaving-out-that__87">conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leaving-out-that#leaving-out-that__114">relative structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/interrogative-question-word-clauses">interrogative (question-word) clauses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-introduction">Information Structure</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations">information structure: normal order and variations</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__11">normal order: important new information last</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__72">choosing the right verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__92">choosing the right structure</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__142">end-weight: <i>It worried me that she hadn’t been in touch.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__203">changing the order: inversion and fronting</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__237">separating out what is important: cleft sentences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/information-structure-normal-order-and-variations#information-structure-normal-order-and-variations__256">dropping what is unimportant: ellipses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject">preparatory <i>it</i>: subject</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__12"><i>It’s nice to talk to you.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__69"><i>It’s probable that we’ll be late.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__93"><i>It was nice seeing you.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__135"><i>It takes …</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__152"><i>if</i>, <i>as if</i> and <i>as though</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__178"><i>It’s amazing the way they work together.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-subject#preparatory-it-subject__217">preparatory <i>it</i> not possible for complements</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-object">preparatory <i>it</i>: object</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-object#preparatory-it-object__12"><i>I find it difficult to talk to you.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-object#preparatory-it-object__77"><i>I found it strange being …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-object#preparatory-it-object__89"><i>I would appreciate it if</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/preparatory-it-object#preparatory-it-object__108"><i>owe</i> and <i>leave</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject">inversion: auxiliary verb before subject</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__16">questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__69">exclamations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__106">with <i>may</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__119">after <i>so</i>, <i>neither</i>, <i>nor</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__157">after <i>as</i>, <i>than</i> and <i>so</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__177">conditional clauses: <i>Were she my daughter …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject#inversion-auxiliary-verb-before-subject__208">after negative and restrictive expressions: <i>At no time was he …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-full-verb-before-subject">inversion: full verb before subject</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-full-verb-before-subject#inversion-full-verb-before-subject__11">after adverbial expressions of place: <i>Along the road came …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/inversion-full-verb-before-subject#inversion-full-verb-before-subject__81">reporting: <i>‘What do you mean?’ asked Henry.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed">fronting: <i>This question we have already discussed.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed#fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed__12"><i>People like that I just can’t stand.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed#fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed__58"><i>Very good lesson we had.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed#fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed__77">adverbs, etc: <i>Off we go!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed#fronting-this-question-we-have-already-discussed__115">fronting with <i>as</i> or <i>though</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-it-was-my-secretary-who">cleft sentences: <i>It was my secretary who …</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-it-was-my-secretary-who#cleft-sentences-it-was-my-secretary-who__16">preparatory <i>it</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-it-was-my-secretary-who#cleft-sentences-it-was-my-secretary-who__83"><i>It is I who …</i> ; <i>It is me that …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest">cleft sentences: <i>What I need is a rest.</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest#cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest__12"><i>What I need is …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest#cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest__72"><i>the place where</i> …; <i>the day when</i> …; <i>the reason why</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest#cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest__117">emphasising verbs: <i>What he did was …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest#cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest__148">emphasising a whole sentence: <i>What happened was that …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest#cleft-sentences-what-i-need-is-a-rest__161">other structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction">ellipsis (leaving words out): introduction</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__14">replies</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__68">structures with <i>and</i>, <i>but</i> and <i>or</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__89">at the beginning of a sentence</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__106">at the end of a noun phrase</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__146">at the end of a verb phrase</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__185">infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__229">comparative structures with <i>as</i> and <i>than</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__256">question-word clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__268"><i>that</i> and relative pronouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__292">reduced relative structures: <i>the tickets available</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__314"><i>be</i> after conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__341">prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__370">pronouns after prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction#ellipsis-leaving-words-out-introduction__385">abbreviated styles</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or">ellipsis with <i>and</i>, <i>but</i> and <i>or</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or#ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or__13">various kinds of word left out</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or#ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or__53">word order</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or#ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or__78">other conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or#ellipsis-with-and-but-and-or__117"><i>(and) then</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence">ellipsis at the beginning of a sentence</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence#ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence__10">words that can be left out</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence#ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence__54">unstressed forms of <i>be</i>, <i>will</i>, <i>would</i>, <i>have</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence#ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence__98">before pronouns: <i>You ready?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence#ellipsis-at-the-beginning-of-a-sentence__121"><i>Dutch, aren’t you?</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-in-noun-phrases">ellipsis in noun phrases</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-in-noun-phrases#ellipsis-in-noun-phrases__10">ellipsis after adjectives: <i>boiled</i>, <i>please</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-in-noun-phrases#ellipsis-in-noun-phrases__43">ellipsis after <i>this</i>, numbers, possessives, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-in-noun-phrases#ellipsis-in-noun-phrases__96">well-known names</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-in-noun-phrases#ellipsis-in-noun-phrases__121">other situations</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs">ellipsis after auxiliary verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs#ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs__10">auxiliary instead of complete verb phrase</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs#ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs__134">short answers, etc: <i>Yes, I have</i>.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs#ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs__181"><i>so am I</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs#ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs__210">ellipsis before complete form: <i>If you can, call me …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs#ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs__228">more than one auxiliary: <i>I could have been.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs#ellipsis-after-auxiliary-verbs__293">substitution with <i>do</i>: <i>He might do.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-infinitives">ellipsis: infinitives</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-infinitives#ellipsis-infinitives__11"><i>to</i> used instead of whole infinitive: <i>We hope to.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-infinitives#ellipsis-infinitives__85">ellipsis of whole infinitive: <i>I’ll try.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ellipsis-infinitives#ellipsis-infinitives__109"><i>(would) like</i>, <i>want</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/written-texts-introduction">Written Texts</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/written-texts-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/formality">formality</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/formality#formality__10">formal and informal language</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/formality#formality__24">grammar</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronouns-and-other-proforms">pronouns and other proforms</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronouns-and-other-proforms#pronouns-and-other-proforms__10">avoiding unnatural/ungrammatical repetition</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronouns-and-other-proforms#pronouns-and-other-proforms__68">avoiding ambiguity</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronouns-and-other-proforms#pronouns-and-other-proforms__95">avoiding duplication</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials">linking with conjunctions and adverbials</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials#linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials__10">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials#linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials__59"><i>but</i> and <i>however</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials#linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials__96">position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials#linking-with-conjunctions-and-adverbials__144">one-clause sentences</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-writing">discourse markers in writing</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-writing#discourse-markers-in-writing__40">What am I talking about?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-writing#discourse-markers-in-writing__94">What am I doing?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-writing#discourse-markers-in-writing__252">attitude</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-writing#discourse-markers-in-writing__302">reporting verbs showing attitude</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures">reading complicated structures</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__13">complex noun phrases: premodification</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__46">complex noun phrases: postmodification</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__58">nominalisation and coordination: <i>Daniel’s failure</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__81">clause subjects: <i>getting up early</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__94">Why do these structures make reading difficult? breaking things up</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__142">leaving out <i>that</i>: <i>people Martin knew well</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__168">reduced relative clauses: <i>the objects recovered</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__194">embedded adverbial clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__210">heavy indirect object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__222">complicated negative structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__240">reporting expressions: <i>the man who Anna had said would tell us</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reading-complicated-structures#reading-complicated-structures__252">more examples</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/paragraphs">paragraphs</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/repetition">repetition</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/repetition#repetition__10">avoidance of repetition</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/repetition#repetition__60">deliberate repetition</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/repetition#repetition__81">literary examples</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing">academic writing</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing#academic-writing__13">vocabulary</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing#academic-writing__35">impersonal writing</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing#academic-writing__68">nominalisation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing#academic-writing__87">pre- and post-modifiers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing#academic-writing__123">discourse markers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/academic-writing#academic-writing__159">collocations and formulaic language</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-letters">correspondence: letters</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc">correspondence: emails, text messages, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc#correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc__11">formal emails: style and layout</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc#correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc__17">personal messages</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc#correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc__33">addresses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc#correspondence-emails-text-messages-etc__62">txt msgs (text messages)</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviated-styles">abbreviated styles</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviated-styles#abbreviated-styles__13">advertisements and instructions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviated-styles#abbreviated-styles__24">notes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviated-styles#abbreviated-styles__41">commentaries</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviated-styles#abbreviated-styles__49">titles, notices, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviated-styles#abbreviated-styles__62">headlines</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/headlines">headlines</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/headlines#headlines__10">special language</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/headlines#headlines__18">grammar</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/headlines#headlines__194">vocabulary</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark">punctuation: full stop, question mark and exclamation mark</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark#punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark__11">sentence division</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark#punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark__49">abbreviations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark#punctuation-full-stop-question-mark-and-exclamation-mark__66">indirect questions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon">punctuation: colon</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon#punctuation-colon__11">explanations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon#punctuation-colon__20">lists</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon#punctuation-colon__29">subdivisions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon#punctuation-colon__39">capitals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon#punctuation-colon__51">letters</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-colon#punctuation-colon__64">direct speech</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-semi-colon">punctuation: semi-colon</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-semi-colon#punctuation-semi-colon__11">instead of full stops</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-semi-colon#punctuation-semi-colon__27">in lists</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma">punctuation: comma</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__11">the basic sentence</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__30">before and after the basic sentence</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__47">inside the basic sentence</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__58">noun phrases</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__87">sentences with conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__102">indirect speech</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__129">between grammatically separate sentences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__147">conjunctions and adverbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__176">commas between adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__225">lists</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-comma#punctuation-comma__242">numbers</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-dash">punctuation: dash</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-quotation-marks">punctuation: quotation marks</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-quotation-marks#punctuation-quotation-marks__14">direct speech</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/punctuation-quotation-marks#punctuation-quotation-marks__23">special use of words</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speech-and-spoken-exchanges-introduction">Speech and Spoken Exchanges</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speech-and-spoken-exchanges-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spoken-sentence-structure">spoken sentence structure</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spoken-sentence-structure#spoken-sentence-structure__10">spacing out information: <i>a course with three levels, it’s carefully put together</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spoken-sentence-structure#spoken-sentence-structure__29">fronting and topicalisation: <i>Your friend Alex, now he speaks German.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spoken-sentence-structure#spoken-sentence-structure__85">tags: <i>They work very hard, most of them.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spoken-sentence-structure#spoken-sentence-structure__130">emphasising tags: <i>You’ve gone mad, you have.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/avoiding-repetition-wonderful-isn-t-it">avoiding repetition: <i>Wonderful, isn’t it?</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-speech">discourse markers in speech</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-speech#discourse-markers-in-speech__35">What are we talking about?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-speech#discourse-markers-in-speech__107">What are we doing?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discourse-markers-in-speech#discourse-markers-in-speech__267">attitude</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/declarative-questions-that-s-the-boss">declarative questions: <i>That’s the boss?</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rhetorical-questions-who-cares">rhetorical questions: <i>Who cares?</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rhetorical-questions-who-cares#rhetorical-questions-who-cares__12">questions that do not expect an answer</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rhetorical-questions-who-cares#rhetorical-questions-who-cares__75"><i>Why/How should …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rhetorical-questions-who-cares#rhetorical-questions-who-cares__117">negative <i>yes/no</i> questions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many">echo questions: <i>She’s invited how many?</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many#echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many__12"><i>You’re getting married?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many#echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many__32"><i>Take a look at what?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many#echo-questions-she-s-invited-how-many__93">repeating a question: <i>Where am I going? Home.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information">question tags: basic information</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information#question-tags-basic-information__11">What are question tags?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information#question-tags-basic-information__30">negative after affirmative, and vice versa</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information#question-tags-basic-information__60">auxiliaries</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information#question-tags-basic-information__73">negative words</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information#question-tags-basic-information__110">meaning and intonation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-basic-information#question-tags-basic-information__126">requests: <i>You couldn’t …, could you?</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points">question tags: advanced points</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__11"><i>aren’t I?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__25">imperatives: <i>Come in, won’t you?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__55"><i>Let’s …, shall we?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__73"><i>There’s …, isn’t there?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__100"><i>it</i> and <i>they</i> with <i>nothing</i>, <i>nobody</i>, <i>somebody</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__136">non-auxiliary <i>have</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__160">‘same-way’ question tags: <i>You’re getting married</i>, <i>are you?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__200">ellipsis: <i>Nice day</i>, <i>isn’t it?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__228"><i>I (don’t) think</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/question-tags-advanced-points#question-tags-advanced-points__260">simpler question tags</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reply-questions-was-it-did-you-dear">reply questions: <i>Was it?</i> <i>Did you, dear?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/short-answers-yes-he-can-etc">short answers: <i>Yes, he can</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc"><i>so am I</i>, <i>neither do they</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc#so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc__12"><i>so</i> + auxiliary + subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc#so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc__88"><i>neither do I</i>, <i>I can’t either</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc#so-am-i-neither-do-they-etc__222"><i>so</i> + subject + auxiliary: <i>So it is!</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions">politeness: using questions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions#politeness-using-questions__11">requests: <i>Could you …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions#politeness-using-questions__42">other structures: telling people to do things</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions#politeness-using-questions__60">shops, restaurants, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions#politeness-using-questions__88">negative questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-using-questions#politeness-using-questions__116">expressions of opinion</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-distancing-verb-forms">politeness: distancing verb forms</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-distancing-verb-forms#politeness-distancing-verb-forms__11">past tenses: <i>How much did you want to spend?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-distancing-verb-forms#politeness-distancing-verb-forms__30">progressives: <i>I’m hoping …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-distancing-verb-forms#politeness-distancing-verb-forms__63">future: <i>You’ll need to</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-distancing-verb-forms#politeness-distancing-verb-forms__89">modal verbs: <i>would</i>, <i>could</i> and <i>might</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-distancing-verb-forms#politeness-distancing-verb-forms__145">conditional and negative expressions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-softening-expressions">politeness: softening expressions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-softening-expressions#politeness-softening-expressions__11"><i>quite</i>, <i>maybe</i>, <i>I think</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-softening-expressions#politeness-softening-expressions__58"><i>I think I’ll</i> …</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politeness-softening-expressions#politeness-softening-expressions__72"><i>We would like to</i> …</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm">pronunciation: stress and rhythm</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm#pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm__19">stress</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm#pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm__45">word stress</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm#pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm__143">variable stress</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm#pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm__222">stress and pronunciation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm#pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm__312">emotive and contrastive stress</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm#pronunciation-stress-and-rhythm__416">stress in sentences; rhythm</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-intonation">pronunciation: intonation</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-intonation#pronunciation-intonation__14">intonation in conversation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-intonation#pronunciation-intonation__20">attitude</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-intonation#pronunciation-intonation__26">three patterns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-intonation#pronunciation-intonation__132">intonation and misunderstandings</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms">pronunciation: weak and strong forms</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms#pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms__11">What are weak and strong forms?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms#pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms__33">stressed or not?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms#pronunciation-weak-and-strong-forms__103">list of words with weak and strong forms</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/varieties-of-english-introduction">Varieties of English</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/varieties-of-english-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/standard-english-and-dialects_1">standard English and dialects</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/standard-english-and-dialects_1#standard-english-and-dialects_1__16">What is ‘standard English’?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/standard-english-and-dialects_1#standard-english-and-dialects_1__24">What is a dialect?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/standard-english-and-dialects_1#standard-english-and-dialects_1__73">pronunciation: dialect and accent; ‘received pronunciation’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/standard-english-and-dialects_1#standard-english-and-dialects_1__79">showing accent in writing: <i>’e’s gone ’ome</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/standard-english-and-dialects_1#standard-english-and-dialects_1__152">the languages of Britain</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correctness">correctness</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correctness#correctness__13">slips and mistakes: <i>He works in wildlife conversation.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correctness#correctness__36">dialect forms: <i>I ain’t done nothing.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correctness#correctness__54">divided usage: <i>different from</i>; <i>different to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correctness#correctness__110">prescriptive and descriptive rules</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/correctness#correctness__135">When do mistakes become correct? <i>a concerted effort</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english">changes in English</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__13">communicative need</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__23">influence from other varieties</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__40">Languages simplify themselves.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__52">Small, less important distinctions are confused or disappear.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__75">New forms and uses spread through the language.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__94">‘Underground’ forms become respectable.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__144">Mistakes become part of the language.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__165">Phonetically weak forms disappear.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__183">some more examples of changes in modern British English</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/changes-in-english#changes-in-english__338">older English verb forms: <i>Tell me what thou knowest.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/american-and-british-english">American and British English</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/american-and-british-english#american-and-british-english__16">grammar: <i>I’ve never gotten …</i> / <i>I’ve never got …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/american-and-british-english#american-and-british-english__193">vocabulary: <i>sidewalk</i>/<i>pavement</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/american-and-british-english#american-and-british-english__534">spelling: <i>color</i>/<i>colour</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/american-and-british-english#american-and-british-english__667">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-varieties-of-english">other varieties of English</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-varieties-of-english#other-varieties-of-english__13">native-speaker varieties</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-varieties-of-english#other-varieties-of-english__19">non-native varieties</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-varieties-of-english#other-varieties-of-english__42">notes on some varieties</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-varieties-of-english#other-varieties-of-english__203">English as a lingua franca (‘ELF’)</a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/vocabulary-areas-introduction">Vocabulary Areas</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/vocabulary-areas-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nationalities-countries-and-regions">nationalities, countries and regions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nationalities-countries-and-regions#nationalities-countries-and-regions__11">introduction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nationalities-countries-and-regions#nationalities-countries-and-regions__87">Examples</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nationalities-countries-and-regions#nationalities-countries-and-regions__189">exceptions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1">numbers</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__10">fractions and decimals: <i>two fifths</i>; <i>nought point four</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__95">before nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__169">singular or plural verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__211">telephone numbers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__226">Roman numerals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__339">cardinal and ordinal numbers: books, chapters, etc; kings and queens</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__372">centuries</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__380">floors</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__394"><i>and</i>: punctuation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__459"><i>a</i> and <i>one</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__539">numbers with determiners</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__557"><i>eleven hundred</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__582"><i>billion</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__591"><i>five hundred</i>, etc without <i>-s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__675">British money</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__720">American money</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__732">metric and non-metric measures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__771">area and volume</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__791"><i>a</i> and <i>per</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__817">numbers not used as complements after <i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__840">spoken calculations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/numbers_1#numbers_1__880">example of a spoken calculation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-age">talking about age</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-age#talking-about-age__10">use of <i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-age#talking-about-age__47"><i>be</i> + <i>… age</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talking-about-age#talking-about-age__71">prepositions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dates_1">dates</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dates_1#dates_1__10">writing</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dates_1#dates_1__73">speaking</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dates_1#dates_1__116"><i>BC</i> and <i>AD</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telling-the-time">telling the time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telling-the-time#telling-the-time__10">saying what time it is</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telling-the-time#telling-the-time__114">asking what time it is</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telling-the-time#telling-the-time__134">the twenty-four hour clock</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis">names and titles: <i>Daniel</i>; <i>Mr Lewis</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis#names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis__17">talking about people</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis#names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis__96">talking to people</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis#names-and-titles-daniel-mr-lewis__176">notes on titles</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-florence-homer-etc">names: <i>Florence</i>, <i>Homer</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-florence-homer-etc#names-florence-homer-etc__13">cities</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-florence-homer-etc#names-florence-homer-etc__36">classical names</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-florence-homer-etc#names-florence-homer-etc__44">artists</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/names-florence-homer-etc#names-florence-homer-etc__52">countries</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females">gender (references to males and females)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females#gender-references-to-males-and-females__17">animals, cars, ships and countries</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females#gender-references-to-males-and-females__64"><i>he or she</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females#gender-references-to-males-and-females__88">singular <i>they</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females#gender-references-to-males-and-females__120"><i>actor</i> and <i>actress</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females#gender-references-to-males-and-females__204">words ending in <i>-man</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gender-references-to-males-and-females#gender-references-to-males-and-females__235"><i>man</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language">‘social’ language</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__13">introductions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__40">greetings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__80">asking about health, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__126">special greetings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__149">small talk</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__165">getting people’s attention</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__180">apologies</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__201">asking people to repeat</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__257">journeys, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__283">holidays</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__299">meals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__317">drinking</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__337">sending good wishes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__353">sympathy</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__363">invitations and visits</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__381">offers and replies</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__406">asking for things</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__426">handing over things</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__451">thanks</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/social-language#social-language__496">sleep</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/meals_1">meals</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/meals_1#meals_1__13">British usage</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/meals_1#meals_1__60">American usage</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning">telephoning</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__10">answering a phone</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__20">asking for a person</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__31">saying who you are</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__59">asking who somebody is</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__76">asking for a number</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__92">if you want the other person to pay for the call</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__110">if somebody is not there</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__127">asking people to wait</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__142">things a switchboard operator may say</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__159">wrong number</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/telephoning#telephoning__169">problems</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions">idioms, collocations and formulaic expressions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions#idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions__11">What are idioms? <i>break even</i>; <i>a can of worms</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions#idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions__26">verbs with particles or prepositions: <i>bring up</i>; <i>look after</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions#idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions__83">collocations: <i>burning desire</i>; <i>blazing disagreement</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions#idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions__153">formulaic expressions: <i>Sorry I kept you waiting.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions#idioms-collocations-and-formulaic-expressions__188">using idioms, collocations and fixed expressions.</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/formal-and-informal-vocabulary">formal and informal vocabulary</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/slang_1">slang</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/slang_1#slang_1__10">What is slang?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/slang_1#slang_1__35">strong feelings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/slang_1#slang_1__77">group membership; using slang</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/discriminatory-and-offensive-language-taboo-words-and-swear-words">discriminatory and offensive language, taboo words and swear words</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/word-formation-and-spelling-introduction">Word Formation and Spelling</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/word-formation-and-spelling-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviations">abbreviations</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviations#abbreviations__10">punctuation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviations#abbreviations__31">initial-letter abbreviations</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviations#abbreviations__114">acronyms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviations#abbreviations__147">plurals</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/abbreviations#abbreviations__158">some common abbreviations</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc">contractions: <i>I’ll</i>, <i>don’t</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc#contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc__13">general rules</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc#contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc__109">alternative contractions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc#contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc__132">position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc#contractions-i-ll-don-t-etc__169">list of contractions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes">prefixes and suffixes</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__14">prefixes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__592">suffixes that form nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__803">suffixes that form nouns or adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__847">suffixes that form adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__995">suffixes that form adverbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__1023">suffixes that form verbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__1073">combining forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__1087">negative words with no positive equivalent</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefixes-and-suffixes#prefixes-and-suffixes__1099">productivity</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ic-and-ical"><i>-ic</i> and <i>-ical</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ic-and-ical#ic-and-ical__18">some adjectives normally ending in <i>-ic</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ic-and-ical#ic-and-ical__145">some adjectives ending in <i>-ical</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ic-and-ical#ic-and-ical__227">differences of meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ic-and-ical#ic-and-ical__246">adverbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ic-and-ical#ic-and-ical__263">nouns ending in <i>-ics</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/apostrophes">apostrophes</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/apostrophes#apostrophes__14">missing letters</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/apostrophes#apostrophes__36">possessives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/apostrophes#apostrophes__84">special plurals</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/capital-letters_1">capital letters</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hyphens">hyphens</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hyphens#hyphens__10">What are hyphens?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hyphens#hyphens__22">Are hyphens disappearing?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hyphens#hyphens__36">When are hyphens used?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hyphens#hyphens__146">word division</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ise-and-ize"><i>-ise</i> and <i>-ize</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/able-and-ible"><i>-able</i> and <i>-ible</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ly_1"><i>-ly</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ly_1#ly_1__11">adverb formation</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ly_1#ly_1__55"><i>-y</i> and <i>-i-</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ly_1#ly_1__99">adjectives ending in consonant + <i>le</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ly_1#ly_1__118">adjectives ending in <i>-ic</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/final-e">final <i>e</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/final-e#final-e__11">final <i>-e</i> dropped before vowels</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/final-e#final-e__61">final <i>-e</i> not dropped before consonants</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants">doubling final consonants</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__10">doubling before vowels</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__35">Which consonants are doubled?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__146">only at the end of a word</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__191">one consonant after one vowel letter</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__234">only stressed syllables</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__300">exception: final <i>l</i> in unstressed syllables</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__321">other exceptions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__358">final <i>c</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubling-final-consonants#doubling-final-consonants__383">Why double?</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/y-and-i"><i>y</i> and <i>i</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/y-and-i#y-and-i__12">changing <i>y</i> to <i>i</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/y-and-i#y-and-i__61">exceptions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/y-and-i#y-and-i__96">no change before <i>i</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/y-and-i#y-and-i__119">no change after a vowel</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/y-and-i#y-and-i__153">changing <i>ie</i> to <i>y</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ch-and-tch-k-and-ck"><i>ch</i> and <i>tch</i>, <i>k</i> and <i>ck</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ie-and-ei"><i>ie</i> and <i>ei</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation">spelling and pronunciation</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__13">usually two syllables, not three</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__89">usually three syllables, not four</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__135">silent letters</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__458"><i>a</i> = /e/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__479"><i>ch</i> = /k/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__527"><i>ea</i> = /e/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__637"><i>ea</i> = /eɪ/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__657"><i>gh</i> = /f/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__699"><i>o</i> = /ʌ/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__847"><i>o</i> = /uː/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__867"><i>ou</i> = /ʌ/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__911"><i>u</i> or <i>ou</i> = /ʊ/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__968">words pronounced with /aɪ/</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__1021">other strange spellings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/spelling-and-pronunciation#spelling-and-pronunciation__1236">silent <i>r</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/word-problems-from-a-to-z-introduction">Word Problems from A to Z</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/word-problems-from-a-to-z-introduction">Introduction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/about-and-on"><i>about</i> and <i>on</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/about-to"><i>about to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/about-and-around"><i>about</i> and <i>around</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over"><i>above</i> and <i>over</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over#above-and-over__12">‘higher than’: <i>above</i> or <i>over</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over#above-and-over__30">‘not directly over’: <i>above</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over#above-and-over__47">‘covering’: <i>over</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over#above-and-over__75">measurements: <i>above</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over#above-and-over__90">ages, speeds, ‘more than’: <i>over</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/above-and-over#above-and-over__106">books and papers</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/accept-and-agree"><i>accept</i> and <i>agree</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/according-to"><i>according to</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/across-over-and-through"><i>across</i>, <i>over</i> and <i>through</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/across-over-and-through#across-over-and-through__13">on/to the other side of (a line): <i>across</i> and <i>over</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/across-over-and-through#across-over-and-through__30">high things: <i>over</i> preferred</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/across-over-and-through#across-over-and-through__47">flat areas: <i>across</i> preferred</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/across-over-and-through#across-over-and-through__60">the adverb <i>over (to)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/across-over-and-through#across-over-and-through__75"><i>across</i> and <i>through</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/actual-ly"><i>actual(ly)</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/actual-ly#actual-ly__11">meaning and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/actual-ly#actual-ly__73">‘false friends’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/afraid_1"><i>afraid</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/afraid_1#afraid_1__11"><i>afraid</i> and <i>fear</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/afraid_1#afraid_1__39"><i>I’m afraid</i> = ‘I’m sorry’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/afraid_1#afraid_1__76">not used before a noun</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-adverb"><i>after</i>: adverb</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-adverb#after-adverb__12"><i>shortly after</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-adverb#after-adverb__31"><i>after</i> not used alone</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-all_1"><i>after all</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-all_1#after-all_1__11">two meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/after-all_1#after-all_1__29">not used for ‘finally’</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/again-and-back"><i>again</i> and <i>back</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ago_1"><i>ago</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ago_1#ago_1__11">word order: <i>six weeks ago</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ago_1#ago_1__30">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ago_1#ago_1__62">the difference between <i>ago</i> and <i>for</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ago_1#ago_1__89"><i>ago</i> and <i>before</i> with time expressions: counting back</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/agree-and-accept"><i>agree</i> and <i>accept</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/alike_1"><i>alike</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/all-right-and-alright"><i>all right</i> and <i>alright</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/allow-permit-and-let"><i>allow</i>, <i>permit</i> and <i>let</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/allow-permit-and-let#allow-permit-and-let__13"><i>allow</i> and <i>permit</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/allow-permit-and-let#allow-permit-and-let__59"><i>let</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/almost-and-nearly-practically"><i>almost</i> and <i>nearly</i>; <i>practically</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/almost-and-nearly-practically#almost-and-nearly-practically__13">progress, measurement and counting</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/almost-and-nearly-practically#almost-and-nearly-practically__55">other meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/almost-and-nearly-practically#almost-and-nearly-practically__90"><i>never</i>, <i>nobody</i>, <i>nothing</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/almost-and-nearly-practically#almost-and-nearly-practically__122"><i>everybody</i>, <i>everything</i>, <i>anybody</i>, <i>anything</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/almost-and-nearly-practically#almost-and-nearly-practically__154"><i>practically</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/alone-lonely-lonesome-and-lone"><i>alone</i>, <i>lonely</i>, <i>lonesome</i> and <i>lone</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/along"><i>along</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/aloud-and-loudly"><i>aloud</i> and <i>loudly</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time"><i>already</i>, <i>still</i> and <i>yet</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/also-as-well-and-too"><i>also</i>, <i>as well</i> and <i>too</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/also-as-well-and-too#also-as-well-and-too__13">position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/also-as-well-and-too#also-as-well-and-too__45">reference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/also-as-well-and-too#also-as-well-and-too__66">imperatives and short answers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/also-as-well-and-too#also-as-well-and-too__133"><i>too</i> in a formal style</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/alternate-ly-and-alternative-ly"><i>alternate(ly)</i> and <i>alternative(ly)</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/although-though-but-and-however-contrast"><i>although</i>, <i>though</i>, <i>but</i> and <i>however</i>: contrast</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/although-though-but-and-however-contrast#although-though-but-and-however-contrast__15"><i>although</i> and <i>though</i>: conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/although-though-but-and-however-contrast#although-though-but-and-however-contrast__30"><i>but</i> and <i>however</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/although-though-but-and-however-contrast#although-though-but-and-however-contrast__49"><i>but</i> and <i>however</i>: the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/although-though-but-and-however-contrast#although-though-but-and-however-contrast__68"><i>though</i> used as an adverb</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/altogether-and-all-together"><i>altogether</i> and <i>all together</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/among-and-between"><i>among</i> and <i>between</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/another-and-other-s"><i>another</i> and <i>other(s)</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any-and-no-adverbs"><i>any</i> and <i>no</i>: adverbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any-and-no-adverbs#any-and-no-adverbs__13"><i>any</i> and <i>no</i> with comparatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any-and-no-adverbs#any-and-no-adverbs__43"><i>any/no different</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/any-and-no-adverbs#any-and-no-adverbs__66"><i>any/no good; any/no use</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/appear_1"><i>appear</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/appear_1#appear_1__11">linking verb: ‘seem’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/appear_1#appear_1__67"><i>appear</i> and <i>seem</i>: differences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/appear_1#appear_1__119">‘come into sight’</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/arise-and-rise"><i>arise</i> and <i>rise</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-round-and-about"><i>(a)round</i> and <i>about</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-round-and-about#a-round-and-about__12">circular movement, etc: <i>(a)round</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-round-and-about#a-round-and-about__38">touring, distribution: <i>round</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-round-and-about#a-round-and-about__56">indefinite movement and position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-round-and-about#a-round-and-about__87">approximately</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-and-like"><i>as</i> and <i>like</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-because-since-and-for"><i>as</i>, <i>because</i>, <i>since</i> and <i>for</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-because-since-and-for#as-because-since-and-for__34"><i>as</i> and <i>since</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-because-since-and-for#as-because-since-and-for__58"><i>because</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-because-since-and-for#as-because-since-and-for__107"><i>for</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-if-and-as-though-like"><i>as if</i> and <i>as though</i>; <i>like</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-if-and-as-though-like#as-if-and-as-though-like__13">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-if-and-as-though-like#as-if-and-as-though-like__34">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-if-and-as-though-like#as-if-and-as-though-like__70"><i>like</i> meaning ‘as if/though’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-long-as_1"><i>as long as</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-long-as_1#as-long-as_1__11">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-long-as_1#as-long-as_1__34">conditions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-long-as_1#as-long-as_1__48">emphatic use</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-such"><i>as such</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-usual"><i>as usual</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-well-also-and-too"><i>as well</i>, <i>also</i> and <i>too</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-well-as_1"><i>as well as</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-well-as_1#as-well-as_1__11">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/as-well-as_1#as-well-as_1__43">verbs after <i>as well as</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ask_1"><i>ask</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ask_1#ask_1__11"><i>ask</i> and <i>ask for</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ask_1#ask_1__69">infinitive structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place"><i>at</i>, <i>on</i> and <i>in</i>: place</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__14"><i>at</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__105"><i>on</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__148"><i>in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__170">public transport</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__205"><i>arrive</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__227">addresses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-place#at-on-and-in-place__265">special expressions</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-in-and-to"><i>at</i>/<i>in</i> and <i>to</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-in-and-to#at-in-and-to__13">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-in-and-to#at-in-and-to__41">expressions of purpose</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-in-and-to#at-in-and-to__73">targets</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time"><i>at</i>, <i>on</i> and <i>in</i>: time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__31">clock times: <i>at</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__56">parts of the day: <i>in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__90">days: <i>on</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__114">public holidays and weekends: <i>at</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__138">longer periods: <i>in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__155">other uses of <i>in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-on-and-in-time#at-on-and-in-time__189">expressions with no preposition</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-all"><i>at all</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-all#at-all__11"><i>at all</i> with a negative</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-all#at-all__25">questions, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-all#at-all__43"><i>Not at all.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-first-and-first"><i>at first</i> and <i>first</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/at-last-finally-in-the-end-and-at-the-end"><i>at last</i>, <i>finally</i>, <i>in the end</i> and <i>at the end</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-wake-and-a-waken"><i>(a)wake</i> and <i>(a)waken</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-wake-and-a-waken#a-wake-and-a-waken__12">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-wake-and-a-waken#a-wake-and-a-waken__53"><i>awake</i> and <i>asleep</i> (adjectives)</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again"><i>back</i> (adverb) and <i>again</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again#back-adverb-and-again__17"><i>back</i> with a verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again#back-adverb-and-again__41"><i>again</i> with a verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again#back-adverb-and-again__80">cases when <i>back</i> is not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again#back-adverb-and-again__111">adverb particles, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again#back-adverb-and-again__128"><i>ring</i>/<i>call back</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/back-adverb-and-again#back-adverb-and-again__162">word order</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bath-and-bathe"><i>bath</i> and <i>bathe</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bath-and-bathe#bath-and-bathe__12"><i>bath</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bath-and-bathe#bath-and-bathe__59"><i>bathe</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bear_2"><i>bear</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/beat-and-win"><i>beat</i> and <i>win</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/because_1"><i>because</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/because_1#because_1__11"><i>because</i> and <i>because of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/because_1#because_1__47">position of <i>because</i>-clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/because_1#because_1__75"><i>just because … (it) doesn’t mean …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/because-as-since-and-for"><i>because</i>, <i>as</i>, <i>since</i> and <i>for</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes"><i>become</i>, <i>get</i>, <i>go</i>, <i>grow</i>, etc: changes</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__24"><i>become dark</i>, <i>become a pilot</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__48"><i>get dark</i>, <i>younger</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__104"><i>get</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__117"><i>go red</i>, <i>go mad</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__214"><i>come true</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__237"><i>grow old</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__263"><i>turn red</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__311"><i>fall ill</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__322">verbs related to adjectives: <i>thicken</i>, <i>brighten</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/become-get-go-grow-etc-changes#become-get-go-grow-etc-changes__345">no change: <i>stay</i>, <i>keep</i>, <i>remain</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/been-meaning-come-or-gone"><i>been</i> meaning ‘come’ or ‘gone’</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-adverb"><i>before</i>: adverb</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-adverb#before-adverb__12">‘at any time before now/then’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-adverb#before-adverb__35">counting back from a past time: <i>eight years before</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-adverb#before-adverb__70"><i>before</i>, <i>before that</i> and <i>first</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/before-preposition-and-in-front-of"><i>before</i> (preposition) and <i>in front of</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/begin-and-start"><i>begin</i> and <i>start</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/begin-and-start#begin-and-start__12">meaning; formality</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/begin-and-start#begin-and-start__34">cases where <i>begin</i> is not possible</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath"><i>below</i>, <i>under</i>, <i>underneath</i> and <i>beneath</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__14">‘lower than’: <i>below</i> or <i>under</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__28">not directly under: <i>below</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__41">covered: <i>under</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__62">measurements: <i>below</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__79">‘less than’: <i>under</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__93"><i>underneath</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__113"><i>beneath</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/below-under-underneath-and-beneath#below-under-underneath-and-beneath__132">adverbs</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/beside-and-besides_1"><i>beside</i> and <i>besides</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bet_1"><i>bet</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bet_1#bet_1__11">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bet_1#bet_1__29">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bet_1#bet_1__45">two objects</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/better_1"><i>better</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/better_1#better_1__11">‘recovered’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/better_1#better_1__23">correcting mistakes</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/between-and-among"><i>between</i> and <i>among</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/between-and-among#between-and-among__12"><i>between</i> two</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/between-and-among#between-and-among__38"><i>between</i> or <i>among</i> more than two</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/between-and-among#between-and-among__68">dividing and sharing; <i>difference</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/between-and-among#between-and-among__96">‘one of’, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/big-large-and-great"><i>big</i>, <i>large</i> and <i>great</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/big-large-and-great#big-large-and-great__13">concrete nouns: usually <i>big</i> or <i>large</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/big-large-and-great#big-large-and-great__31"><i>great</i> with concrete nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/big-large-and-great#big-large-and-great__50">abstract nouns: usually <i>great</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/big-large-and-great#big-large-and-great__100"><i>large</i> and <i>wide</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/birthday-and-date-of-birth"><i>birthday</i> and <i>date of birth</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-bit_1"><i>(a) bit</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-bit_1#a-bit_1__11">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-bit_1#a-bit_1__47"><i>a bit of a</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-bit_1#a-bit_1__66"><i>not a bit</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/born-and-borne"><i>born</i> and <i>borne</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/born-and-borne#born-and-borne__12"><i>be born</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/born-and-borne#born-and-borne__36">the verb <i>bear</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/borrow-and-lend"><i>borrow</i> and <i>lend</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take"><i>bring</i> and <i>take</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take#bring-and-take__12">speaker’s/hearer’s position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take#bring-and-take__47">speaker’s/hearer’s past or future position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take#bring-and-take__82">joining a movement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take#bring-and-take__94">somebody else’s position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-and-take#bring-and-take__104">American English</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/bring-up-and-educate"><i>bring up</i> and <i>educate</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/britain-the-united-kingdom-the-british-isles-and-england"><i>Britain</i>, <i>the United Kingdom</i>, <i>the British Isles</i> and <i>England</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/broad-and-wide"><i>broad</i> and <i>wide</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/broad-and-wide#broad-and-wide__12">physical distance</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/broad-and-wide#broad-and-wide__51">abstract meanings</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/but-although-though-and-however"><i>but</i>, <i>although</i>, <i>though</i> and <i>however</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/but-meaning-except"><i>but</i> meaning ‘except’</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/but-meaning-except#but-meaning-except__11">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/but-meaning-except#but-meaning-except__65">pronouns after <i>but</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/but-meaning-except#but-meaning-except__82">verbs after <i>but</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/but-meaning-except#but-meaning-except__126"><i>but</i> meaning ‘only’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-time"><i>by</i>: time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-time#by-time__12">not later than</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-time#by-time__56">other meanings</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-and-near"><i>by</i> and <i>near</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-method-agent-and-with-tools-etc"><i>by</i> (method, agent) and <i>with</i> (tools, etc)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-method-agent-and-with-tools-etc#by-method-agent-and-with-tools-etc__12">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/by-method-agent-and-with-tools-etc#by-method-agent-and-with-tools-etc__75">passive clauses</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/call_1"><i>call</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/can-t-help"><i>can’t help</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for"><i>care</i>: <i>take care (of)</i>, <i>care (about)</i> and <i>care for</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for#care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for__15"><i>take care of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for#care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for__46"><i>care (about)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for#care-take-care-of-care-about-and-care-for__87"><i>care for</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/city-and-town"><i>city</i> and <i>town</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/classic-and-classical"><i>classic</i> and <i>classical</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/close-and-shut"><i>close</i> and <i>shut</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/close-and-shut#close-and-shut__12">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/close-and-shut#close-and-shut__45">past participles</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/close-and-shut#close-and-shut__74">cases where <i>close</i> is preferred</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/cloth-and-clothes"><i>cloth</i> and <i>clothes</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/come-and-go"><i>come</i> and <i>go</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/come-and-go#come-and-go__12">speaker’s/hearer’s position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/come-and-go#come-and-go__51">speaker’s/hearer’s past or future position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/come-and-go#come-and-go__79">joining a movement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/come-and-go#come-and-go__91">somebody else’s position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/come-and-go#come-and-go__101"><i>come to</i>; <i>come from</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/comic-and-comical"><i>comic</i> and <i>comical</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/complement-and-compliment-noun-and-verb"><i>complement</i> and <i>compliment</i> (noun and verb)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/continual-ly-and-continuous-ly"><i>continual(ly)</i> and <i>continuous(ly)</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contrary_1"><i>contrary</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contrary_1#contrary_1__11"><i>on the contrary</i> and <i>on the other hand</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/contrary_1#contrary_1__61"><i>contrary</i> and <i>opposite</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/control"><i>control</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/country_1"><i>country</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/country_1#country_1__11">countable use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/country_1#country_1__25">uncountable use</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/date-of-birth-and-birthday"><i>date of birth</i> and <i>birthday</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dare_1"><i>dare</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dare_1#dare_1__11">uncommon</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dare_1#dare_1__22">negative use; <i>daren’t</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dare_1#dare_1__49">special expressions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dead-died-and-death"><i>dead</i>, <i>died</i> and <i>death</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/different_1"><i>different</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/different_1#different_1__11">modifiers: <i>any different</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/different_1#different_1__59">prepositions: <i>different from/to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/disinterested"><i>disinterested</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/divorce"><i>divorce</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make"><i>do</i>: general-purpose verb; <i>do</i> and <i>make</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make#do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make__24"><i>do</i> for indefinite activities</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make#do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make__59"><i>do</i> for work</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make#do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make__87"><i>do …ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make#do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make__124"><i>make</i> for constructing, creating, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make#do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make__139"><i>do</i> instead of <i>make</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make#do-general-purpose-verb-do-and-make__160">common fixed expressions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/doubt_1"><i>doubt</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/down"><i>down</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dress_1"><i>dress</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dress_1#dress_1__11">noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dress_1#dress_1__36">verb: putting clothes on</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/dress_1#dress_1__67">verb: wearing clothes</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/drown"><i>drown</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/due-to-and-owing-to"><i>due to</i> and <i>owing to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/during-and-for"><i>during</i> and <i>for</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/during-and-in"><i>during</i> and <i>in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/early-soon-and-quickly"><i>early</i>, <i>soon</i> and <i>quickly</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc"><i>east</i> and <i>eastern</i>, <i>north</i> and <i>northern</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc#east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc__14">adjectives: the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc#east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc__82">‘belonging to’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc#east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc__95">capital letters</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc#east-and-eastern-north-and-northern-etc__133">prepositions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/economic-and-economical"><i>economic</i> and <i>economical</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/educate-and-bring-up"><i>educate</i> and <i>bring up</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/efficient-and-effective"><i>efficient</i> and <i>effective</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/elder-and-eldest_1"><i>elder</i> and <i>eldest</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/electric-and-electrical"><i>electric</i> and <i>electrical</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1"><i>else</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1#else_1__11">use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1#else_1__47">word order</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1#else_1__62"><i>else’s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1#else_1__74">singular only</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1#else_1__90"><i>or else</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/else_1#else_1__106"><i>elsewhere</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/end-and-finish-verbs"><i>end</i> and <i>finish</i>: verbs</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/end-and-finish-verbs#end-and-finish-verbs__13">both used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/end-and-finish-verbs#end-and-finish-verbs__26">completing an activity</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/end-and-finish-verbs#end-and-finish-verbs__49">changes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/end-and-finish-verbs#end-and-finish-verbs__83"><i>-ing</i> forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/england-britain-the-united-kingdom-and-the-british-isles"><i>England</i>, <i>Britain</i>, <i>the United Kingdom</i> and <i>the British Isles</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enjoy"><i>enjoy</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2"><i>enough</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2#enough_2__11">adjective/adverb + <i>enough</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2#enough_2__31"><i>enough</i> + noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2#enough_2__70">position with adjective + noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2#enough_2__88"><i>enough</i> + infinitive; structure with <i>for</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2#enough_2__110"><i>It’s small enough to put in your pocket</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/enough_2#enough_2__168"><i>the</i> = <i>enough</i>; leaving out <i>enough</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/especial-ly-and-special-ly"><i>especial(ly)</i> and <i>special(ly)</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/especial-ly-and-special-ly#especial-ly-and-special-ly__12"><i>especially</i> and <i>specially</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/especial-ly-and-special-ly#especial-ly-and-special-ly__25"><i>especially</i> meaning ‘above all’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/especial-ly-and-special-ly#especial-ly-and-special-ly__53"><i>especially</i> before prepositions and conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/especial-ly-and-special-ly#especial-ly-and-special-ly__66"><i>specially</i> with past participles</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/especial-ly-and-special-ly#especial-ly-and-special-ly__79"><i>especial</i> and <i>special</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/even_1"><i>even</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/even_1#even_1__11">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/even_1#even_1__24">position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/even_1#even_1__64"><i>even</i> and <i>also</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/even_1#even_1__87"><i>even if</i> and <i>even though</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/even_1#even_1__126"><i>even so</i>; <i>even now</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/eventual-ly"><i>eventual(ly)</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever_1">ever</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever_1#ever_1__10"><i>ever</i> meaning ‘at any time’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever_1#ever_1__64">with comparatives, superlatives, <i>as</i> and <i>only</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever_1#ever_1__88"><i>ever</i> + perfect</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever_1#ever_1__113"><i>ever</i> and <i>before</i>; <i>ever before</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever_1#ever_1__137"><i>ever</i> meaning ‘always’</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ever-so-ever-such"><i>ever so</i>, <i>ever such</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for"><i>except</i> and <i>except for</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for#except-and-except-for__12"><i>except for</i> before nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for#except-and-except-for__25"><i>except (for)</i> after <i>all</i>, <i>any</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for#except-and-except-for__68"><i>except</i> before prepositions and conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for#except-and-except-for__92"><i>except (for)</i> + pronoun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for#except-and-except-for__111"><i>except</i> + verb: <i>He does nothing except eat.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/except-and-except-for#except-and-except-for__137"><i>except</i> and <i>without</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward"><i>expect</i>, <i>hope</i>, <i>wait</i> and <i>look forward</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__14"><i>expect</i> and <i>hope</i>: difference of meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__47"><i>expect</i> and <i>wait</i>: difference of meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__101"><i>look forward</i>: meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__124">all four expressions compared</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__143">prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__194">simple and progressive forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__213"><i>that</i>-clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward#expect-hope-wait-and-look-forward__253"><i>expect</i>: other points</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/experiment-and-experience"><i>experiment</i> and <i>experience</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/explain_1"><i>explain</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/facing-opposite-and-in-front-of"><i>facing</i>, <i>opposite</i> and <i>in front of</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree"><i>fairly</i>, <i>quite</i>, <i>rather</i> and <i>pretty</i>: adverbs of degree</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree#fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree__32"><i>fairly</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree#fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree__55"><i>quite</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree#fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree__88"><i>rather</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree#fairly-quite-rather-and-pretty-adverbs-of-degree__131"><i>pretty</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/far-and-a-long-way"><i>far</i> and <i>a long way</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/far-and-a-long-way#far-and-a-long-way__12"><i>far</i> in questions and negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/far-and-a-long-way#far-and-a-long-way__39"><i>far</i> in affirmative clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/far-and-a-long-way#far-and-a-long-way__75"><i>far</i> with comparatives, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/far-and-a-long-way#far-and-a-long-way__91">before a noun: <i>a far country</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/farther-and-further"><i>farther</i> and <i>further</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/farther-and-further#farther-and-further__12">distance</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/farther-and-further#farther-and-further__25">‘additional’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1"><i>feel</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__21">linking verb: <i>I feel fine</i>.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__58">linking verb: <i>That feels nice!</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__71">linking verb: <i>feel like</i>; <i>feel as if</i>/<i>though</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__96"><i>feel like</i> meaning ‘want’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__122">reactions and opinions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__163">‘receive physical sensations’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/feel_1#feel_1__178">‘touch’</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/female-and-feminine-male-and-masculine"><i>female</i> and <i>feminine</i>; <i>male</i> and <i>masculine</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end"><i>finally</i>, <i>at last</i>, <i>in the end</i> and <i>at the end</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end#finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end__14"><i>finally</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end#finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end__44"><i>at last</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end#finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end__76"><i>in the end</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end#finally-at-last-in-the-end-and-at-the-end__98"><i>at the end</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finish-and-end"><i>finish</i> and <i>end</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/finished_1"><i>finished</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/first-and-at-first"><i>first</i> and <i>at first</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fit-and-suit"><i>fit</i> and <i>suit</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-purpose-and-cause"><i>for</i>: purpose and cause</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-purpose-and-cause#for-purpose-and-cause__12">people’s purposes: <i>I went for an interview</i>.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-purpose-and-cause#for-purpose-and-cause__52">the purposes of things: <i>-ing</i> forms and infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-purpose-and-cause#for-purpose-and-cause__71">causes of reactions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-as-because-and-since"><i>for</i>, <i>as</i>, <i>because</i> and <i>since</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-and-during"><i>for</i> and <i>during</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-since-in-and-from-time"><i>for</i>, <i>since</i>, <i>in</i> and <i>from</i>: time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-since-in-and-from-time#for-since-in-and-from-time__15"><i>for</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-since-in-and-from-time#for-since-in-and-from-time__82"><i>for</i> and <i>since</i> with perfect tenses: the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-since-in-and-from-time#for-since-in-and-from-time__128"><i>in</i> after negatives and superlatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/for-since-in-and-from-time#for-since-in-and-from-time__147"><i>from</i> and <i>since</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/forget-and-leave"><i>forget</i> and <i>leave</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/from-and-since-time"><i>from</i> and <i>since</i>: time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/fun-and-funny"><i>fun</i> and <i>funny</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/further-and-farther"><i>further</i> and <i>farther</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/game-and-play"><i>game</i> and <i>play</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings"><i>get</i>: basic structures and meanings</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings#get-basic-structures-and-meanings__17"><i>get</i> + noun/pronoun: <i>I got an email</i>.</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings#get-basic-structures-and-meanings__72"><i>get</i> + adjective: <i>getting old</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings#get-basic-structures-and-meanings__112"><i>get</i> + adverb particle or preposition: <i>get out</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings#get-basic-structures-and-meanings__155"><i>get</i> + past participle: <i>get washed</i>, <i>dressed</i>, <i>married</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings#get-basic-structures-and-meanings__176"><i>get</i> <i>…ing</i>; <i>get</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-basic-structures-and-meanings#get-basic-structures-and-meanings__206"><i>got</i> and <i>gotten</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-and-go-movement"><i>get</i> and <i>go</i>: movement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/get-become-go-grow-etc-changes"><i>get</i>, <i>become</i>, <i>go</i>, <i>grow</i>, etc: changes</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/give-with-action-nouns"><i>give</i> with action nouns</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/give-with-action-nouns#give-with-action-nouns__11"><i>give a cough</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/give-with-action-nouns#give-with-action-nouns__30"><i>give somebody a smile</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-and-come"><i>go</i> and <i>come</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-and-get-movement"><i>go</i> and <i>get</i>: movement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-become-get-grow-etc-changes"><i>go,</i> <i>become,</i> <i>get</i>, <i>grow</i>, etc: changes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-come-for-a"><i>go</i>/<i>come for a</i> …</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-come-ing"><i>go</i>/<i>come …ing</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-come-ing#go-come-ing__12"><i>go …ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-come-ing#go-come-ing__54"><i>come …ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/go-come-ing#go-come-ing__72">prepositions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/gone-with-be"><i>gone</i> with <i>be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/grateful-and-thankful"><i>grateful</i> and <i>thankful</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/great-big-and-large"><i>great</i>, <i>big</i> and <i>large</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/grow-become-get-go-etc-changes"><i>grow</i>, <i>become</i>, <i>get</i>, <i>go</i>, etc: changes</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/half_1"><i>half</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/half_1#half_1__11"><i>half (of)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/half_1#half_1__83">no following noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/half_1#half_1__99"><i>the half</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/half_1#half_1__115"><i>half a</i> and <i>a half</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/half_1#half_1__133"><i>one and a half</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/happen-to_1"><i>happen to …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hardly-scarcely-and-no-sooner"><i>hardly</i>, <i>scarcely</i> and <i>no sooner</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-and-listen-to"><i>hear</i> and <i>listen (to)</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-and-listen-to#hear-and-listen-to__12"><i>hear</i>: meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-and-listen-to#hear-and-listen-to__30"><i>listen (to)</i>: meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-and-listen-to#hear-and-listen-to__56">complete experiences: <i>hear</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-and-listen-to#hear-and-listen-to__98"><i>hear</i> not used in progressive forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-and-listen-to#hear-and-listen-to__121"><i>listen</i> and <i>listen to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hear-see-etc-with-that-clause"><i>hear</i>, <i>see</i>, etc with <i>that</i>-clause</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/help_1"><i>help</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/here-and-there"><i>here</i> and <i>there</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/high-and-tall"><i>high</i> and <i>tall</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/high-and-tall#high-and-tall__12">What kind of things are <i>tall</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/high-and-tall#high-and-tall__37">measurements</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/high-and-tall#high-and-tall__50">distance above the ground</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/high-and-tall#high-and-tall__64">parts of the body</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hire-rent-and-let"><i>hire</i>, <i>rent</i> and <i>let</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hire-rent-and-let#hire-rent-and-let__13"><i>hire</i> and <i>rent</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hire-rent-and-let#hire-rent-and-let__40"><i>let</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/historic-and-historical"><i>historic</i> and <i>historical</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/holiday-and-holidays_1"><i>holiday</i> and <i>holidays</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/home_1"><i>home</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/home_1#home_1__11">articles and prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/home_1#home_1__54"><i>house</i> and <i>home</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hope_1"><i>hope</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hope_1#hope_1__11">tenses after <i>hope</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hope_1#hope_1__33">negative sentences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hope_1#hope_1__58">special uses of past tenses</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hope-expect-wait-and-look-forward"><i>hope</i>, <i>expect</i>, <i>wait</i> and <i>look forward</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/hopefully"><i>hopefully</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1"><i>how</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1#how_1__11">use and word order</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1#how_1__81">with adjectives/adverbs: <i>how</i>, not <i>how much</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1#how_1__108">comparisons: <i>how</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1#how_1__135"><i>how</i>, <i>what</i> and <i>why</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1#how_1__208"><i>how much</i>, <i>how many</i>, <i>how old</i>, <i>how far</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how_1#how_1__252"><i>the way</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how-and-what-like"><i>how</i> and <i>what … like?</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how-and-what-like#how-and-what-like__12">changes: <i>How’s Ron?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/how-and-what-like#how-and-what-like__69">reactions: <i>How was the film?</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/however-although-though-and-but"><i>however</i>, <i>although</i>, <i>though</i> and <i>but</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/if-and-when"><i>if</i> and <i>when</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ill-and-sick"><i>ill</i> and <i>sick</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/immediately-the-moment-etc-conjunctions"><i>immediately</i>, <i>the moment</i>, etc: conjunctions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-at-and-on-place"><i>in</i>, <i>at</i> and <i>on</i>: place</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-at-and-on-time"><i>in</i>, <i>at</i> and <i>on</i>: time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-during"><i>in</i> and <i>during</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-for-time"><i>in</i> and <i>for</i>: time</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions"><i>in</i> and <i>into</i>, <i>on</i> and <i>onto</i>: prepositions</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions#in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions__15">position and direction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions#in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions__58"><i>in</i> and <i>on</i> for movement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions#in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions__135"><i>into</i> for change</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions#in-and-into-on-and-onto-prepositions__180"><i>in</i> and <i>on</i> as adverbs</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-and-later"><i>in</i> and <i>later</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-at-and-to"><i>in/at</i> and <i>to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indifferent"><i>indifferent</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-front-of-and-before"><i>in front of</i> and <i>before</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-front-of-and-opposite"><i>in front of</i> and <i>opposite</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-order-that-and-so-that"><i>in order that</i> and <i>so that</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-spite-of_1"><i>in spite of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/in-the-end-at-the-end-at-last-and-finally"><i>in the end</i>, <i>at the end</i>, <i>at last</i> and <i>finally</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indeed"><i>indeed</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indeed#indeed__11"><i>very … indeed</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/indeed#indeed__42"><i>indeed</i> with verb</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instead-and-instead-of"><i>instead</i> and <i>instead of</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instead-and-instead-of#instead-and-instead-of__12">preposition: <i>instead of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instead-and-instead-of#instead-and-instead-of__44"><i>instead of</i> and <i>without</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/instead-and-instead-of#instead-and-instead-of__88">adverb: <i>instead</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/its-and-it-s"><i>its</i> and <i>it’s</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/it-s-time"><i>it’s time</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/it-s-time#it-s-time__11">followed by infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/it-s-time#it-s-time__33">followed by past tense with present or future reference</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/journey-travel-trip-and-voyage"><i>journey</i>, <i>travel</i>, <i>trip</i> and <i>voyage</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/just_1"><i>just</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/just_1#just_1__11">meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/just_1#just_1__106">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/just_1#just_1__140"><i>just now</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/kind-of-sort-of-and-type-of"><i>kind of</i>, <i>sort of</i> and <i>type of</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1"><i>know</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1#know_1__11"><i>know how</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1#know_1__34">object + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1#know_1__63">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1#know_1__98"><i>know</i> and <i>know about</i>/<i>of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1#know_1__130"><i>know</i> and <i>find out</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/know_1#know_1__183"><i>I know</i> and <i>I know it</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/large-great-and-big"><i>large</i>, <i>great</i> and <i>big</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/last-the-last-the-latest"><i>last</i>, <i>the last</i>, <i>the latest</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/last-the-last-the-latest#last-the-last-the-latest__13"><i>last week</i>, <i>month</i>, etc; <i>the last week</i>, <i>month</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/last-the-last-the-latest#last-the-last-the-latest__63"><i>the last three …</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/last-the-last-the-latest#last-the-last-the-latest__93">the last in a series</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/last-the-last-the-latest#last-the-last-the-latest__105"><i>latest</i> and <i>last</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/later-and-in"><i>later</i> and <i>in</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lay-and-lie"><i>lay</i> and <i>lie</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lay-and-lie#lay-and-lie__18"><i>lay</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lay-and-lie#lay-and-lie__62"><i>lie</i> (irregular)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lay-and-lie#lay-and-lie__106"><i>lie</i> (regular)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lay-and-lie#lay-and-lie__118">dialect forms</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/learn_1"><i>learn</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/learn_1#learn_1__11">forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/learn_1#learn_1__34"><i>learn (how) to …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/leave-and-forget"><i>leave</i> and <i>forget</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/left"><i>left</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lend-and-borrow"><i>lend</i> and <i>borrow</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lesser"><i>lesser</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lest"><i>lest</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let_1"><i>let</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let_1#let_1__11">followed by infinitive without <i>to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let_1#let_1__53">not used in passives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let_1#let_1__63">with object + preposition / adverb particle</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let-allow-and-permit"><i>let</i>, <i>allow</i> and <i>permit</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/let-rent-and-hire"><i>let</i>, <i>rent</i> and <i>hire</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lie-and-lay"><i>lie</i> and <i>lay</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/life-countable-or-uncountable-noun"><i>life</i>: countable or uncountable noun</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb"><i>like</i>: verb</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__12">not used in progressive forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__41">not used without an object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__71"><i>very much</i>: position</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__108"><i>like …ing</i>: enjoyment</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__135"><i>like</i> + infinitive: choices and habits</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__168"><i>would like</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-verb#like-verb__247"><i>if you like</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function"><i>like</i> and <i>as</i>: similarity, function</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__20"><i>like</i> (similarity): <i>like me</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__75"><i>as</i> (similarity): <i>as I do</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__99"><i>like I do</i> (informal)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__111">inverted word order: <i>as did all his family</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__130"><i>as you know</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__173">comparison with <i>as</i> and <i>like</i> after negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-similarity-function#like-and-as-similarity-function__202">function or role: <i>He worked as a waiter.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/like-and-as-if"><i>like</i> and <i>as if</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/likely_1"><i>likely</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/likely_1#likely_1__11">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/likely_1#likely_1__34"><i>it is (un)likely</i> + <i>that</i>-clause</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/likely_1#likely_1__54">infinitive after <i>be (un)likely</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/listen-to-and-hear"><i>listen (to)</i> and <i>hear</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/little-and-small"><i>little</i> and <i>small</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lonely-and-alone"><i>lonely</i> and <i>alone</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/a-long-way-and-far"><i>(a) long way</i> and <i>far</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time"><i>long</i> and <i>(for) a long time</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time#long-and-for-a-long-time__12"><i>long</i> in questions and negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time#long-and-for-a-long-time__29"><i>(for) a long time</i> in affirmative clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time#long-and-for-a-long-time__54"><i>long</i> in affirmative clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time#long-and-for-a-long-time__91"><i>for a long time</i> in negative clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time#long-and-for-a-long-time__125"><i>How long are you here for</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/long-and-for-a-long-time#long-and-for-a-long-time__154">comparative</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look_1"><i>look</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look_1#look_1__11">linking verb (= ‘seem’)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look_1#look_1__87">ordinary verb (= ‘direct one’s eyes’)</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look_1#look_1__113">not followed by <i>if</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look_1#look_1__149"><i>look after</i> and <i>look for</i>; <i>fetch</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look-at-see-and-watch"><i>look (at)</i>, <i>see</i> and <i>watch</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/look-forward-hope-expect-and-wait"><i>look forward</i>, <i>hope</i>, <i>expect</i> and <i>wait</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/lose-and-loose"><i>lose</i> and <i>loose</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/loudly-and-aloud"><i>loudly</i> and <i>aloud</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/magic-and-magical"><i>magic</i> and <i>magical</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/make-prepositions"><i>make</i>: prepositions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/make-and-do"><i>make</i> and <i>do</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/male-and-masculine"><i>male</i> and <i>masculine</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/marry-and-divorce"><i>marry</i> and <i>divorce</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/marry-and-divorce#marry-and-divorce__12"><i>get married/divorced</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/marry-and-divorce#marry-and-divorce__39">no preposition before object</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/marry-and-divorce#marry-and-divorce__57"><i>get/be married to</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-matter-with"><i>the matter (with)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/maybe-and-perhaps"><i>maybe</i> and <i>perhaps</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1"><i>mean</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1#mean_1__11">questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1#mean_1__31"><i>mean</i> and <i>think</i>, <i>meaning</i> and <i>opinion</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1#mean_1__59">structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1#mean_1__80"><i>I mean</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1#mean_1__119"><i>What do you mean …</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mean_1#mean_1__132">no progressive form</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/means_1"><i>means</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/means_1#means_1__11">singular and plural ending in <i>-s</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/means_1#means_1__41"><i>by all/any/no means</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mind-do-you-mind-etc"><i>mind</i>: <i>do you mind</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mind-do-you-mind-etc#mind-do-you-mind-etc__13">meaning and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mind-do-you-mind-etc#mind-do-you-mind-etc__53"><i>Would you mind …</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mind-do-you-mind-etc#mind-do-you-mind-etc__67"><i>Do/Would you mind my …ing?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mind-do-you-mind-etc#mind-do-you-mind-etc__91">answers</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/mind-do-you-mind-etc#mind-do-you-mind-etc__112">tenses</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/miss_1"><i>miss</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/miss_1#miss_1__11">‘fail to contact’, ‘be late for’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/miss_1#miss_1__40">‘be sorry to be without’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/miss_1#miss_1__61">‘notice the absence of’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/miss_1#miss_1__71"><i>miss</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/miss_1#miss_1__95"><i>missing</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-moment-conjunction"><i>the moment</i>: conjunction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/name"><i>name</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/near-to"><i>near (to)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/near-and-by"><i>near</i> and <i>by</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nearest-and-next"><i>nearest</i> and <i>next</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nearly-almost-and-practically"><i>nearly</i>, <i>almost</i> and <i>practically</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1"><i>need</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__11">ordinary verb: <i>Everybody needs to rest.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__28">modal auxiliary forms: <i>he needn’t</i>; <i>need I?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__72"><i>needn’t</i>, <i>need I?</i>: immediate necessity</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__93">talking about the future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__123"><i>need …ing</i>: <i>The sofa needs cleaning.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__149"><i>need not have …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/need_1#need_1__175"><i>need not</i> and <i>must not</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/next-and-the-next-nearest"><i>next</i> and <i>the next</i>; <i>nearest</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/next-and-the-next-nearest#next-and-the-next-nearest__13"><i>next week</i>, <i>month</i>, etc; <i>the next week</i>, <i>month</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/next-and-the-next-nearest#next-and-the-next-nearest__69"><i>the next three …</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/next-and-the-next-nearest#next-and-the-next-nearest__93"><i>next Sunday</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/next-and-the-next-nearest#next-and-the-next-nearest__123">place: <i>next</i> and <i>nearest</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-and-not"><i>no</i> and <i>not</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-doubt_1"><i>no doubt</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-more-not-any-more-no-longer-not-any-longer"><i>no more</i>, <i>not any more</i>, <i>no longer</i>, <i>not any longer</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/no-sooner-hardly-and-scarcely"><i>no sooner</i>, <i>hardly</i> and <i>scarcely</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/north-and-northern-etc"><i>north</i> and <i>northern</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/not-and-no"><i>not</i> and <i>no</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nought-zero-nil-etc"><i>nought</i>, <i>zero</i>, <i>nil</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/now-that_1"><i>now (that)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/nowadays"><i>nowadays</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/of-course_1"><i>of course</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/often_1"><i>often</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/on-and-about"><i>on</i> and <i>about</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/on-in-and-at-place"><i>on</i>, <i>in</i> and <i>at</i>: place</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/on-in-and-at-time"><i>on</i>, <i>in</i> and <i>at</i>: time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/once-adverb"><i>once</i>: adverb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/once-conjunction"><i>once</i>: conjunction</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/one-of"><i>one of …</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/only-focusing-adverbial"><i>only</i>: focusing adverbial</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/only-focusing-adverbial#only-focusing-adverbial__21">referring to the subject</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/only-focusing-adverbial#only-focusing-adverbial__33">referring to other parts of a sentence</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/only-focusing-adverbial#only-focusing-adverbial__59">ambiguous sentences</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/only-focusing-adverbial#only-focusing-adverbial__87"><i>only today</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/open_1"><i>open</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/open_1#open_1__11"><i>open</i> and <i>opened</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/open_1#open_1__46">when <i>open</i> is not used</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/opportunity-and-possibility"><i>opportunity</i> and <i>possibility</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/opposite-adjective-position"><i>opposite</i> (adjective): position</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/opposite-facing-and-in-front-of"><i>opposite</i>, <i>facing</i> and <i>in front of</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/opposite-facing-and-in-front-of#opposite-facing-and-in-front-of__13">‘across a road/room, etc from’: <i>opposite</i>/<i>facing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/opposite-facing-and-in-front-of#opposite-facing-and-in-front-of__46"><i>in front of</i> and <i>opposite</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/opposite-facing-and-in-front-of#opposite-facing-and-in-front-of__68"><i>in front of</i> and <i>in the front of</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-s-and-another"><i>other(s)</i> and <i>another</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-s-and-another#other-s-and-another__12"><i>other</i> and <i>others</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-s-and-another#other-s-and-another__53">not used like an adjective</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-s-and-another#other-s-and-another__85">‘additional, extra’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/other-s-and-another#other-s-and-another__142">‘alternative’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/out-of"><i>out of</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/out-of#out-of__11">movement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/out-of#out-of__47">position</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/over-across-and-through"><i>over</i>, <i>across</i> and <i>through</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/over-and-above"><i>over</i> and <i>above</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/owing-to-and-due-to"><i>owing to</i> and <i>due to</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/own_1"><i>own</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/own_1#own_1__11">after possessives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/own_1#own_1__37"><i>a/some … of one’s own</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/own_1#own_1__53"><i>own</i> with no following noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/own_1#own_1__82"><i>own</i> and <i>-self</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/own_1#own_1__117"><i>on one’s own</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/part"><i>part</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/perhaps-and-maybe"><i>perhaps</i> and <i>maybe</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/permit-allow-and-let"><i>permit</i>, <i>allow</i> and <i>let</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/place-a-place-to-live-etc"><i>place</i>: <i>a place to live</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/play-and-game"><i>play</i> and <i>game</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/play-and-game#play-and-game__12">nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/play-and-game#play-and-game__38">verbs</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/please-and-thank-you"><i>please</i> and <i>thank you</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/please-and-thank-you#please-and-thank-you__12">requests</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/please-and-thank-you#please-and-thank-you__56">when <i>please</i> is not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/please-and-thank-you#please-and-thank-you__120"><i>thank you</i> and <i>thanks</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/please-and-thank-you#please-and-thank-you__195">accepting and refusing</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/please-and-thank-you#please-and-thank-you__252">replies to thanks</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/point-of-view_1"><i>point of view</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politic-and-political"><i>politic</i> and <i>political</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/politics-and-policy"><i>politics</i> and <i>policy</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/possibility-and-opportunity"><i>possibility</i> and <i>opportunity</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/practically-nearly-and-almost"><i>practically</i>, <i>nearly</i> and <i>almost</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/prefer_1"><i>prefer</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/presently"><i>presently</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/pretty-fairly-quite-and-rather"><i>pretty</i>, <i>fairly</i>, <i>quite</i> and <i>rather</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/price-and-prize"><i>price</i> and <i>prize</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/principal-and-principle"><i>principal</i> and <i>principle</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quickly-soon-and-early"><i>quickly</i>, <i>soon</i> and <i>early</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite_1"><i>quite</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite_1#quite_1__11">two meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite_1#quite_1__71">word order with nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite_1#quite_1__106">comparisons</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite_1#quite_1__127"><i>quite a bit/few/lot</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite_1#quite_1__142"><i>not quite</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/quite-fairly-pretty-and-rather"><i>quite</i>, <i>fairly</i>, <i>pretty</i> and <i>rather</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc"><i>rather</i>: adverb of degree (<i>rather good</i>, etc)</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc#rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc__13">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc#rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc__54">word order with articles</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc#rather-adverb-of-degree-rather-good-etc__74">plural nouns</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-preference"><i>rather</i>: preference</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-preference#rather-preference__12"><i>rather than</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-preference#rather-preference__41"><i>would rather</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-preference#rather-preference__94"><i>would rather</i>: past tense with present or future meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-preference#rather-preference__149"><i>or rather</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-preference#rather-preference__166"><i>would rather</i> and <i>had better</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rather-quite-pretty-and-fairly"><i>rather</i>, <i>quite</i>, <i>pretty</i> and <i>fairly</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/reason_1"><i>reason</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/remind-and-remember"><i>remind</i> and <i>remember</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/remind-and-remember#remind-and-remember__12">meaning: <i>remind</i> and <i>remember</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/remind-and-remember#remind-and-remember__62">structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/remind-and-remember#remind-and-remember__81"><i>remind … of …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rent-let-and-hire"><i>rent</i>, <i>let</i> and <i>hire</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-rest"><i>(the) rest</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/rise-and-arise"><i>rise</i> and <i>arise</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/road-and-street"><i>road</i> and <i>street</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/road-and-street#road-and-street__12">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/road-and-street#road-and-street__38">street names: stress</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-same"><i>(the) same</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-same#the-same__11"><i>the same (as)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-same#the-same__56">other structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/say-and-tell"><i>say</i> and <i>tell</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/say-and-tell#say-and-tell__12">meaning and use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/say-and-tell#say-and-tell__64"><i>say</i>: objects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/say-and-tell#say-and-tell__100"><i>tell</i>: objects</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/say-and-tell#say-and-tell__173">infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/say-and-tell#say-and-tell__190">indirect questions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/scarcely-hardly-and-no-sooner"><i>scarcely</i>, <i>hardly</i> and <i>no sooner</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/school_1"><i>school</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see_1"><i>see</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see_1#see_1__11">progressive forms not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see_1#see_1__78">changes</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see_1#see_1__89">‘meet’, ‘arrange’, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see_1#see_1__104">other meanings: ‘consider’, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-hear-etc-with-that-clause"><i>see</i>, <i>hear</i>, etc with <i>that</i>-clause </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch"><i>see</i>, <i>look (at)</i> and <i>watch</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch#see-look-at-and-watch__13"><i>see</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch#see-look-at-and-watch__31"><i>look (at)</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch#see-look-at-and-watch__94"><i>watch</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch#see-look-at-and-watch__109">complete experiences: <i>see</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch#see-look-at-and-watch__134"><i>watch TV</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/see-look-at-and-watch#see-look-at-and-watch__151"><i>see if</i>/<i>whether</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1"><i>seem</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__11">linking verb: used with adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__32"><i>seem</i> and <i>seem to be</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__83">with nouns</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__122">other infinitives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__158"><i>seem like</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__178"><i>it seems</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/seem_1#seem_1__199"><i>there seems</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sensible-and-sensitive"><i>sensible</i> and <i>sensitive</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/shade-and-shadow"><i>shade</i> and <i>shadow</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/shut-and-close"><i>shut</i> and <i>close</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sick-and-ill"><i>sick</i> and <i>ill</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/since-tenses"><i>since</i>: tenses</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/since-tenses#since-tenses__12">main clause: <i>I’ve known her since …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/since-tenses#since-tenses__44"><i>It’s a long time since …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/since-tenses#since-tenses__70"><i>since</i>-clause: <i>since we were at school</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/since-for-in-and-from-time"><i>since</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>in</i> and <i>from</i>: time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/since-as-because-and-for"><i>since</i>, <i>as</i>, <i>because</i> and <i>for</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/small-and-little"><i>small</i> and <i>little</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/smell_1"><i>smell</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/smell_1#smell_1__11">British and American forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/smell_1#smell_1__19">linking verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/smell_1#smell_1__62">transitive verb: ‘perceive’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/smell_1#smell_1__80">transitive verb: ‘investigate’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-adverb-meaning-like-this-that"><i>so</i>: adverb meaning ‘like this/that’</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-adverb-meaning-like-this-that#so-adverb-meaning-like-this-that__12">after <i>seem</i>, <i>appear</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-adverb-meaning-like-this-that#so-adverb-meaning-like-this-that__43">not used in other cases</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-conjunction-and-then"><i>so</i> (conjunction) and <i>then</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast"><i>so</i> (degree adverb): <i>so tired</i>, <i>so fast</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__14">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__31"><i>so</i> and <i>very</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__64">emphatic use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__83"><i>so … that</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__111">before adjectives and adverbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__150"><i>so much</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__174"><i>so</i> and <i>so much</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__228"><i>so … as to …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast#so-degree-adverb-so-tired-so-fast__252"><i>so … a …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc"><i>so</i> and <i>not</i> with <i>hope</i>, <i>believe</i>, etc</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc#so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc__14">instead of <i>that</i>-clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc#so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc__117">negative structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc#so-and-not-with-hope-believe-etc__189"><i>so</i> at the beginning of a clause</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-with-say-and-tell"><i>so</i> with <i>say</i> and <i>tell</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-with-say-and-tell#so-with-say-and-tell__13">instead of <i>that</i>-clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-with-say-and-tell#so-with-say-and-tell__73"><i>I told you so.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-with-say-and-tell#so-with-say-and-tell__92">other verbs</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-such"><i>so</i> and <i>such</i> </a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-much-and-so-many"><i>so much</i> and <i>so many</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-much-and-so-many#so-much-and-so-many__12">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-much-and-so-many#so-much-and-so-many__68"><i>so much</i>/<i>many</i> without a noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-much-and-so-many#so-much-and-so-many__83"><i>so much</i> as an adverb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-much-and-so-many#so-much-and-so-many__94">special structures with <i>so much</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-that-and-in-order-that"><i>so that</i> and <i>in order that</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-that-and-in-order-that#so-that-and-in-order-that__12">purpose</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-that-and-in-order-that#so-that-and-in-order-that__44">present tenses for future</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-that-and-in-order-that#so-that-and-in-order-that__60">past structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-so-so-so"><i>so-and-so</i>; <i>so-so</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-so-so-so#so-and-so-so-so__12"><i>so-and-so</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/so-and-so-so-so#so-and-so-so-so__27"><i>so-so</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/some-time-sometime-and-sometimes"><i>some time</i>, <i>sometime</i> and <i>sometimes</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/soon-early-and-quickly"><i>soon</i>, <i>early</i> and <i>quickly</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/soon-early-and-quickly#soon-early-and-quickly__13"><i>soon</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/soon-early-and-quickly#soon-early-and-quickly__49"><i>early</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/soon-early-and-quickly#soon-early-and-quickly__107"><i>quickly</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of"><i>sort of</i>, <i>kind of</i> and <i>type of</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of#sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of__13">articles</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of#sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of__29">singular and plural; <i>these sort of</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of#sort-of-kind-of-and-type-of__75">softeners</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sound_1"><i>sound</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/south-and-southern-etc"><i>south</i> and <i>southern</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speak-and-talk"><i>speak</i> and <i>talk</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speak-and-talk#speak-and-talk__12">little difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speak-and-talk#speak-and-talk__20">formality</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speak-and-talk#speak-and-talk__41">lectures, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speak-and-talk#speak-and-talk__57">languages</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/speak-and-talk#speak-and-talk__71">other cases</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/start-and-begin"><i>start</i> and <i>begin</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time"><i>still</i>, <i>yet</i> and <i>already</i>: time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__14">meanings</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__29"><i>still</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__53"><i>yet</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__91"><i>already</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__144"><i>still not</i> or <i>not yet</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__175"><i>yet</i> or <i>already</i> in questions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__200">tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__233">related to a past moment</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__244"><i>yet</i> meaning ‘still’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/still-yet-and-already-time#still-yet-and-already-time__256"><i>all ready</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/street-and-road"><i>street</i> and <i>road</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1"><i>such</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__11">word order</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__32">‘of this/that kind’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__59">high degree</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__81"><i>such</i> and <i>very</i>, <i>great</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__124"><i>such … that</i>; <i>such … as to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__157"><i>such as</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such_1#such_1__168"><i>such-and-such</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such-and-so"><i>such</i> and <i>so</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such-and-so#such-and-so__12"><i>such</i> before (adjective +) noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/such-and-so#such-and-so__51"><i>so</i> before adjective, adverb, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suggest_1"><i>suggest</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suggest_1#suggest_1__11">infinitive not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suggest_1#suggest_1__32">indirect object not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suggest_1#suggest_1__48">verb forms in <i>that</i>-clauses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suggest_1#suggest_1__94">direct suggestions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suit-and-fit"><i>suit</i> and <i>fit</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/suppose-supposing-and-what-if"><i>suppose</i>, <i>supposing</i> and <i>what if</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/surely_1"><i>surely</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/surely_1#surely_1__15">not the same as <i>certainly</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/surely_1#surely_1__44">belief in spite of …</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/sympathetic"><i>sympathetic</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-time"><i>take</i>: time</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-time#take-time__16">The person is the subject:</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-time#take-time__31">The activity is the subject:</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-time#take-time__46">The object of the activity is the subject:</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-time#take-time__59">Preparatory <i>it</i> is the subject:</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-time#take-time__74"><i>Before</i>/<i>until</i> is used:</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/take-and-bring"><i>take</i> and <i>bring</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/talk-and-speak"><i>talk</i> and <i>speak</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tall-and-high"><i>tall</i> and <i>high</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/taste_1"><i>taste</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/taste_1#taste_1__11">linking verb</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/taste_1#taste_1__51">transitive verb: ‘perceive’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/taste_1#taste_1__73">transitive verb: ‘investigate’</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tell-and-say"><i>tell</i> and <i>say</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/thank-you_1"><i>thank you</i> </a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/thankful-and-grateful"><i>thankful</i> and <i>grateful</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/then-and-so"><i>then</i> and <i>so</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there_1"><i>there</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there_1#there_1__15">adverb of place</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there_1#there_1__43">introductory subject</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/there-and-here"><i>there</i> and <i>here</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1"><i>think</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__11">‘have an opinion’: not progressive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__36">other meanings: progressive possible</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__57"><i>-ing</i> forms</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__87"><i>think</i> + object (+ <i>to be</i>) + complement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__134">transferred negation: <i>I don’t think …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__162">indirect speech</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__174"><i>I thought …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/think_1#think_1__205"><i>I had thought …</i>, <i>I should think</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/though-and-although"><i>though</i> and <i>although</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/through-time"><i>through</i>: time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/through-across-and-over"><i>through</i>, <i>across</i> and <i>over</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/time_1"><i>time</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/time_1#time_1__11">countability and article use</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/time_1#time_1__83">without preposition</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/time_1#time_1__123"><i>on time</i> and <i>in time</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/to-and-at-in"><i>to</i> and <i>at/in</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/tonight"><i>tonight</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1"><i>too</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__11"><i>too</i> and <i>very</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__36"><i>too</i> and <i>too much</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__70">modification: <i>much too</i>, <i>far too</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__104">not used before adjective + noun</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__146"><i>too …</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__178"><i>too salty to drink</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__211"><i>That’s really too kind of you.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too_1#too_1__224"><i>only too …</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too-also-and-as-well"><i>too</i>, <i>also</i> and <i>as well</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too-much-and-too-many"><i>too much</i> and <i>too many</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too-much-and-too-many#too-much-and-too-many__12">the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too-much-and-too-many#too-much-and-too-many__42"><i>a bit too much</i>, <i>rather too many</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/too-much-and-too-many#too-much-and-too-many__74"><i>too much</i>/<i>many</i> without a noun</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/town-and-city"><i>town</i> and <i>city</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/travel-journey-trip-and-voyage"><i>travel</i>, <i>journey</i>, <i>trip</i> and <i>voyage</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/type-of-kind-of-and-sort-of"><i>type of</i>, <i>kind of</i> and <i>sort of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/the-united-kingdom-england-britain-and-the-british-isles"><i>(the) United Kingdom</i>, <i>England</i>, <i>Britain</i> and <i>the British Isles</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1"><i>until</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__11"><i>until</i> and <i>till</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__33"><i>until</i>/<i>till</i> and <i>to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__87">distance and quantity: <i>until</i>/<i>till</i> not used</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__123">tenses with <i>until</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__154">structure with <i>Not until …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__174"><i>until</i> and <i>by</i>: states and actions</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/until_1#until_1__210"><i>until</i> and <i>before</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/up-down"><i>up</i>, <i>down</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/up-down#up-down__12">‘towards/away from the centre’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/up-down#up-down__30">north and south</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/up-down#up-down__41">‘along’</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-used-to"><i>(be) used to</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-used-to#be-used-to__11">meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-used-to#be-used-to__23">structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-used-to#be-used-to__55"><i>get used to …ing</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/be-used-to#be-used-to__78">pronunciation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/very-and-very-much"><i>very</i> and <i>very much</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/very-and-very-much#very-and-very-much__12">adjectives and adverbs: <i>very kind</i>, <i>very quickly</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/very-and-very-much#very-and-very-much__76"><i>not very</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/very-and-very-much#very-and-very-much__100">past participles: <i>very much loved</i>, <i>very worried</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/very-and-very-much#very-and-very-much__147"><i>very much</i> (adverbial)</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/voyage-journey-travel-and-trip"><i>voyage</i>, <i>journey</i>, <i>travel</i> and <i>trip</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wait_1"><i>wait</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wait-hope-expect-and-look-forward"><i>wait</i>, <i>hope</i>, <i>expect</i> and <i>look forward</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wake-n-and-awake-n"><i>wake(n)</i> and <i>awake(n)</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/want_1"><i>want</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/want_1#want_1__11">infinitive with <i>to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/want_1#want_1__54">structure with object complement</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/want_1#want_1__88"><i>want</i> meaning ‘need’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/want_1#want_1__113"><i>I wanna hold your hand.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/want-and-will"><i>want</i> and <i>will</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ward-s"><i>-ward(s)</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ward-s#ward-s__18">adjectives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ward-s#ward-s__32">adverbs</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/ward-s#ward-s__59">other words</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/watch-look-at-and-see"><i>watch,</i> <i>look (at)</i> and <i>see</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/way_1"><i>way</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/way_1#way_1__11">preposition dropped</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/way_1#way_1__31">relative structures</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/way_1#way_1__45">infinitive or <i>-ing</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/way_1#way_1__59"><i>way of</i> and <i>means of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/way_1#way_1__82"><i>in the way</i> and <i>on the way</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/welcome_1"><i>welcome</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/well_1"><i>well</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/well_1#well_1__11"><i>well</i> and <i>good</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/well_1#well_1__78"><i>well</i> = ‘in good health’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/well_1#well_1__115"><i>I’m good.</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/west-and-western-etc"><i>west</i> and <i>western</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what-if"><i>what if</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what-like-and-how"><i>what … like</i> and <i>how</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/what-which-and-who-question-words"><i>what</i>, <i>which</i> and <i>who</i>: question words</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/when-and-if"><i>when</i> and <i>if</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/where-to"><i>where (to)</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/which-what-and-who-question-words"><i>which</i>, <i>what</i> and <i>who</i>: question words</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/which-what-and-who-question-words#which-what-and-who-question-words__14"><i>which</i> and <i>what</i>: the difference</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/which-what-and-who-question-words#which-what-and-who-question-words__60">determiners: <i>which</i> and <i>what</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/which-what-and-who-question-words#which-what-and-who-question-words__79"><i>which of</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/which-what-and-who-question-words#which-what-and-who-question-words__118">without nouns: <i>who</i> for people</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/who-and-whom"><i>who</i> and <i>whom</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/who-and-whom#who-and-whom__16">questions: <i>Who did they arrest</i>?</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/who-and-whom#who-and-whom__49">relative clauses: <i>the man (who) we met</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/who-and-whom#who-and-whom__88"><i>who(m) he thought</i>, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/who-ever-what-ever-etc"><i>who ever</i>, <i>what ever</i>, etc</a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose-question-word"><i>whose</i>: question word</a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose-question-word#whose-question-word__12">with a noun or alone</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose-question-word#whose-question-word__43">prepositions</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/whose-and-who-s"><i>whose</i> and <i>who’s</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/why-and-why-not"><i>why</i> and <i>why not</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/why-and-why-not#why-and-why-not__12">replies</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/why-and-why-not#why-and-why-not__56"><i>Why should …?</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/why-and-why-not#why-and-why-not__93">infinitive structures</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wide-and-broad"><i>wide</i> and <i>broad</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/will-and-want"><i>will</i> and <i>want</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/win-and-beat"><i>win</i> and <i>beat</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wish_1"><i>wish</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wish_1#wish_1__11"><i>wish</i> + infinitive</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wish_1#wish_1__51"><i>I wish you …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wish_1#wish_1__66"><i>wish</i> + <i>that</i>-clause: meaning</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wish_1#wish_1__111"><i>wish</i> + <i>that</i>-clause: tenses</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/wish_1#wish_1__161"><i>wish … would</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1"><i>with</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1#with_1__11"><i>trembling with rage</i>, <i>blue with cold</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1#with_1__40"><i>angry with</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1#with_1__79"><i>with</i> meaning ‘against’</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1#with_1__99">accompanying circumstances and reasons</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1#with_1__122">possession</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with_1#with_1__136">clothing, voices, transport, etc</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/with-and-by"><i>with</i> and <i>by</i></a></div></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1"><i>worth</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1#worth_1__11"><i>worth a lot</i>, etc</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1#worth_1__41"><i>a million dollars’ worth of …</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1#worth_1__52"><i>It’s worth talking to Joe</i>; <i>Joe’s worth talking to</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1#worth_1__106"><i>It’s worth it.</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1#worth_1__127"><i>worthwhile</i></a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/worth_1#worth_1__151"><i>well worth</i></a></div></li></ul></li><li class="expandable"><div><i class="toggle icon-plus"> </i><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/yes-and-no"><i>yes</i> and <i>no</i></a></div><ul><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/yes-and-no#yes-and-no__12">answers to negatives</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/yes-and-no#yes-and-no__68">contradicting</a></div></li></ul></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/yet-still-and-already-time"><i>yet</i>, <i>still</i> and <i>already</i>: time</a></div></li><li><div><a href="/grammar/practical-english-usage/zero"><i>zero</i></a></div></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="ox-footer" class="oup-footer"> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="container footer-social-media-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <ul> <li><a href="https://oxelt.gl/30yjpf1" 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