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snowpack simulations in for... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Esteban Alonso-González" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABhlBMVEV4hM13hM13g813g8x7h856hs55hc16hs10gctmdMZlc8Zq d8d5hM1xfcpsech2gsx0gMt9iM6wt+Gqst+psd+qsd+psN+uteGiqtxxfsqD jtGUntd1gcx6hc1ue8mLldT////5+fxpd8f7+/2fqNtndcd7hs6FkNLq7Pd+ is+MltSKldONl9WJk9NzgMuUndfe4fJkcsXo6vZbasJteslvfMljccXY3PDR 1e58h85wfcrn6fZca8Jueslzf8tyf8vN0ey2vOSHktKGkNJodceosN+hqdxd bMP5+vxndcaGkdL5+v3U1+/U2O/Z3fGAi9Blcsbs7vhIWLu0u+OOmNVreMjm 6PVTYr9kccVve8n4+fzP0+3S1u7b3vHJzuticMXp6/dgbsRyfspwfMpjcMXB xuju8Pj6+/39/f7y8/qFkNF+ic+KlNNhb8S2veSep9tmc8aXoNjKz+t8iM6E jtHv8flqeMh9ic+xuOKrs+Crst+rsuCbpNqRm9a9w+azuuN4g80AAADo63FN 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Data assimilation techniques are emerging as promising tools to improve uncertain snowpack simulations by fusing state-of-the-art numerical models with information rich, but noisy observations. However, the occlusion of the ground below the forest canopy limits the retrieval of snowpack information from remote sensing tools. Thus, remote sensing observations in these environments are spatially incomplete, impeding the implementation of fully distributed data assimilation techniques. Here we propose different experiments to propagate the information obtained in forest clearings, where it is possible to retrieve observations, towards the sub-canopy, where the point of view of remote sensors is occluded. The experiments were conducted in forests within Sagehen Creek watershed (California, USA), by updating simulations conducted with the Flexible Snow Model (FSM2) with airborne lidar snow data using the Multiple Snow data Assimilation system (MuSA). The successful experiments improved the reference simulations significantly both in terms of validation metrics (correlation coefficient from R=0.1 to R ~0.8 in average) and spatial patterns. Both data assimilation configurations, using geographical distances or a space of topographical dimensions, managed to improve the reference run. However, those creating a space of synthetic coordinates by combining the spatiotemporal data assimilation with a principal components analysis did not show any improvement, even degrading some validation metrics. Future data assimilation initiatives would benefit from building specific localization functions that are able to model the spatial snowpack relationships at different resolutions. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272758.85099453/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Methane sources in Cluj-Napoca, Romania: Insights from isotopic analysis </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Jacoline van Es" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABSlBMVEVSvIlRvIlRvIhRu4hUvYtUvIpWvYtWvYxVvYtEtn9Gt4FQ u4c9tHo7s3k6snlAtX1Qu4hOuoZyyJ9sxptKuYSU1baV1baR1LSS1LSQ1LOY 17iI0a5JuINTvIlNuoX////6/fz3/Pk/tHxTvIpMuYTu+PQ6snhMuoXp9vBZ v45rxppqxZltxpxoxJhMuYXv+fTm9e4srW9FtoBDtn9Ctn7k9O0urnBPuoc5 snhwx55Ft4BUvYr8/v2+5dLI6dnG6djU7uFlw5ZJuIJPuoY/tXzv+PTj9Owi qWg4sndNuoZSu4ng8+m85dE3sXdHuII+tHvt+PLn9e8yr3NKuYNIuIJHt4H5 /Pt1yaGY17nM69w1sXVPu4dZvo1pxZhsxpppxZl0yaBXvYw+tHxbv4+W1rib 2LuN0rFGt4CW1reT1bWS1bWO07I9s3oAAACBr2VwAAAAAWJLR0RtuwYArQAA AAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXEVXBoucAAAE6SURBVDgR3cHXUsIAFAXAkxxKACPG3pKr EgM2sIu9K9hF7B0bqP//LOjIJINf4C7+KUWtUPAXuqEW4fMTgWCFRtQgGAoj UqeX1UdBwotoMBqbmiMtrW3tHZ1d3QDhQdMypEenfOvti4HwoGnZ0u/EJTEw ODQ8kgRUeNC0bEk5toyOjU9MhkHCTSVNy5aUk5Sp6dBkaIYk3Eiali2ptCHf ZufmCRfC5zfjtqTShiwsLi2vrK7FiCoS6/qGZhiy6diyte1kMlmTO6giDOzu 7R8cylE6Lse5k7X8KUFUEZw7k/PchVxeXUviZuj27j5LEL9UatEHKVt4DEF+ 5BtAVKn0F56eX17zb7guFkul984PmyBcqHXrzqfhZ+RTL6svEIQHY8FgwCQR CFZoILz4A/yFGoqqoExRKxT8K19UjChm4MdBsgAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVh dGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxNyswMDowMB9QTcMAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6 bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTcrMDA6MDBuDfV/AAAAIHRFWHRz b2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFn ZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgA NjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4A AAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTk3KqPH4AAAABJ0RVh0VGh1 bWI6OlNpemUAODIwMkJCj2EfiwAAADx0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlVSSQBmaWxlOi8v dG1wL2xldHRlcl9hdmF0YXJzLzIvSkUvODJfMTg4XzEzNy82MDAucG5nxG9e 2QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Carina van der Veen" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABQVBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8aMu8acu8Z8q4X8iyUsOxT8KzU8O5 Yci1WMW3Xse3XMeyUcPSmtzYp+DPlNq0VsXLi9e5YMi3XcfBcs7Unt3GftKx UMLQltv////JhNSqQL3lxuvaq+KwTcLs1PDRmNuzVMS1WcXEedH8+f3Ee9G+ bc3y4/W6Y8m2W8awTcHlxevFfNKtRr+qPrzetOXVoN6pPrz27Pi9a8y4YMiz VcTNjdjivuiwTMG2Wsb9+v3KiNavS8HXpuDWot/pze7Gf9O0V8W5Ysnw3fOu ScD69fvx4PTIg9Tds+S6Ysm3XMb+/f64XsfQldrHgNPguebAcs67Z8rpzu7c sOOzU8Tq0e/58/r47/m8Z8v05/e0VsTFfdK4X8e9acvVod7Nj9jAcc7YpuDT m9zYqOHRl9uyUMO6ZMoAAABcTcADAAAAAWJLR0RqJWKVDgAAAAd0SU1FB+gL FRAXEszI810AAAFpSURBVDgR3cGJWlJRGAXQffb574HLCbGIa9LGJmy60GSR laVWNJiNalY2z73/CwRdPhy+nsC1sN845zDg8I/DHtwGgEPYhd4S82QwEKA3 T+xEK5XTSgw4UIkgfbU84ekwxlDj5MFD1Xo8POkb8NnUkemqJ0ZIax7VUGvm mI6nZidO6lTb6FBgmD2tM2cbLal8TuebVsqlTgRRIK17QRcv4fIVzV29pt71 +Ru6eSshUSDyhdvKcsvtztTikpYr5bu6dz/QoUDfiFIWgTjbz4IePGzo0TxB jNA3opRFIJ+IIX2s+oqedBMSI8Tq02d6ngf66R7KL/TyldYW1ukwQlp3Q2uL NvNac5t51Ju371IPYoxb9RW97334KOHT5+6GtNQ0OoyRIf2iodZmsMpXKWSe DttIX/u2/P0H24Ho93/+6gDETmToNNNaaYsgVn+3wT/YjVxPEvMEQCRGh71Y wAAH8B/OORScwz7zF5wgJh6hVdeRAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAyMDI0 LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjE4KzAwOjAw6Rg9KgAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2RpZnkA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxOCswMDowMJhFhZYAAAAgdEVYdHNvZnR3YXJl AGh0dHBzOi8vaW1hZ2VtYWdpY2sub3JnvM8dnQAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkRv Y3VtZW50OjpQYWdlcwAxp/+7LwAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpIZWln aHQANjAwet69tQAAABd0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpXaWR0aAA2MDDpL+3o AAAAGXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6TWltZXR5cGUAaW1hZ2UvcG5nP7JWTgAAABd0RVh0 VGh1bWI6Ok1UaW1lADE3MzIyMDYxOTi6HNpxAAAAE3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6U2l6 ZQAyMjgyM0JC8QbibgAAAD10RVh0VGh1bWI6OlVSSQBmaWxlOi8vdG1wL2xl dHRlcl9hdmF0YXJzLzIvQ1YvMTg3XzEwMV8yMDIvNjAwLnBuZx2ijTwAAAAA SUVORK5CYII= " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/862502"><p class="blog-card__owner">Jacoline van Es</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 6 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272758.85099453/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Increased emissions of methane (CH4) have contributed to global temperature rise since pre-industrial times by 0.3-0.8C. Reducing these emissions is crucial to mitigate climate change. Various sources produce CH4 with distinguishable isotopic compositions, allowing CH4 source identification using CH4, δ13C and δ2H values. This study reports continuous measurements of CH4 mole fraction, δ13C and δ2H for eight months in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. An automated extraction and purification system, coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer alternately measured δ13C and δ2H of CH4 with 20-minute time resolution at the campus of the Babe.s-Bolyai University. In addition, samples from the vicinity of the continuous measurement location were measured to isotopically characterise CH4 sources in the region. The time series show a pronounced diurnal cycle, characterised by CH4 elevations during the night, occasionally superimposed on multi-day events. From these elevations, we identified three main CH4 emission categories: CH4 similar in isotopic composition to Transylvanian biogenic gas, biogenic emissions from rivers and wastewater, predominantly observed during the summer and a third source emitting δ13C-enriched CH4 in winter, likely of pyrogenic origin. Simulations with the FLEXPART-COSMO model underestimated the CH4 mole fractions in winter and with eastern wind (city centre), indicating that the emission inventory is not granular enough to represent the city centre. The strong underestimation in winter suggests that the emission inventory did not include the pyrogenic winter source. Despite this, when the model accurately estimated the CH4 mole fraction, it also predicted the isotopic compositions well. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272510.06944647/v1"> <div class="blog-card__image-container"> <img onerror="$(this).closest('a').remove()" height="200" class="blog-card__image-tag" loading="lazy" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/users/862494/articles/1244717-decadal-analysis-of-lightning-activity-of-rel%C3%A1mpago-del-catatumbo-2014-2023/master/file/figures/Figura 1/Figura 1.png?1732751500" /> </div> </a> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272510.06944647/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Decadal Analysis of Lightning Activity of ’Relámpago del Catatumbo’ (2014-2023) </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Daiana Baissac" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABUFBMVEWVcs+Vcc+Ucc6WdM+XddCXdM+Vc8+Wc8+Ucc+NZ8uGXsiH YMiLZMqRbs2KY8qGX8iHX8iJY8mOacyrkNnDr+O7peC8puCqjtiRbc2Pa8y3 n97Aq+K7pOC9qOGwl9udfdKFXcjXyez////BrOOIYsn08Prh1/GOacuTcM7O v+nBreOYdtCpjNjt6Pe8peCIYcnv6vehg9ShgtTn4PSIYMnPwOmymdyAVsWJ YsmHYMmQa8yFXMfy7vmNaMt9UsScfNLXyu2FXcfQwOm4od+DWsbUxuuxmNx8 UcOEW8fRwuq3oN6aeNG/quK9p+F6TsP49vz6+Px/VcV6TsLb0O/f1fDWyOz2 9PuihNWMZ8vVx+yCWcZ+VMSaedHm3/SEXMeLZcqKZMrz7/mpjdju6ffArOLt 5/askNnEsOS8p+GPasy+qeG2nt6JY8qSbs2XdNAAAACQCsF3AAAAAWJLR0Rv VQhhgQAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXCUatOrEAAAF9SURBVDgR3cFrW9IAGAbg5332 so1hMKhoWsZ8i0qophSIhSlImaidz+fsfPz/H4Nr80r9Cd43jhYRQUrGcBgz ADM4iI6q5lwSzOmYB2Ifn24+KBSmjimIYqkQliseiP/oVY6fOFk9FQUupmdO 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class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Rodrigo Bürgesser" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABYlBMVEWPpK+OpK+Oo66QpK+SprGRprGRpbCRprCJn6t/l6SAmKSA l6SBmKWEm6eMoa2No66BmaWDm6ecr7jBzNK4xcy6x823xMujtL2LoayDmqaN oq25xs2nuMCTp7H///+pucKQpa/H0dexwMfT2+Cbrrixv8eInqrw8/SUqLKd r7n6+/ufsbqGnamQpbCywMjM1dp2kJ1zjZvS2t+dsLnv8vN4kZ6MoaxuiZe1 wsrL1dra4eSbrbeCmabt8PKFnKjr7/GarbeHnqnV3eGSp7GgsrvF0Nb19/j4 +fr7/Px6k6C0wsnj6Ov+/v7X3uLd5OfU3OD09veKoKuzwcl5kp9viphyjZqv vsbJ09h1j5x8lKHn7O7v8vSMoq2WqrTW3uJ+lqOCmaXO19zm6+13kZ6Tp7Ke sLqbrrfo7e+2xMt9laLm6u3H0tent8CJn6qVqbOuvcWHnam8yc+7yM6tvMSC mqYAAAAOtxNhAAAAAWJLR0R1qGqY+wAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXDtjJrxIAAAFy SURBVDgR3cELVwxhAAbgd96Zb75pdqwPu7Y2XqE2l2a05RbaSC5Fsu5RdhFF rvH/j9PayXYcf6DnwR7jefjD8/Av5sAu7EY/MIEJQcIaY0KfRA8SUV9cSPYV Q+53cRwfiEIQf9GPDh4qlQ9X+gdQLZdLg0eOxgSxg9aV1HEsHlLHcTdEIkfr 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class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/862494"><p class="blog-card__owner">Daiana Baissac</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 7 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272510.06944647/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> The ”Relámpago del Catatumbo” is a unique phenomenon that occurs over Lake Maracaibo, where the most intense lightning activity on the planet takes place. In this work, we extend the study of lightning activity in Lake Maracaibo and its surroundings by a decade, evaluating the period from 2014 to 2023. The results show that the hourly distributions of lightning activity are correlated with the variations of deep convective events in the region; while, the seasonal variations in lightning strikes are correlated with the monthly variations in the mean water temperature of Lake Maracaibo. These findings suggest that the Lake may be providing the necessary water vapor for the development of storm systems that form in the region. It was found that the diurnal and monthly variations of the lightning activity have not changed substantially over the years, as these variations are, with a high degree of significance, very similar to those found in the period 2005-2010 by Bürgesser et al. (2012). The analysis of the interannual variations in lightning strikes for the period does not show any indication of a systematic increase or decrease in lightning activity; however, it can be noted that there is an increase in lightning activity in the last two years analyzed, 2022 and 2023. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272440.08582693/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Measuring the shape of cloud particle size distributions in high-latitude marine cold... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Larry Ger B Aragon" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP 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drive significant evolutions in marine boundary layer clouds and play a crucial role in high-latitude climate systems. This study examines the variability of cloud particle size distributions (PSDs) and the representation of the Gamma shape parameter μ for high-latitude MCAO clouds in the Northern Hemisphere, focusing on the initial stratocumulus stages and cumulus regime transitions. Aircraft in-situ measurements from 20 flights with identified MCAO conditions were collected during two recent field campaigns: M-Phase conducted over the Labrador Sea in March 2022, and Arctic Cold-Air Outbreak (ACAO) conducted over the Nordic Seas in October to November 2022. Results show that high-latitude MCAO clouds in the Northern Hemisphere exhibit narrow PSDs, characterized by higher μ values (mean μ=20) that imply more reflective clouds compared to the fixed μ=2.5 assumption in some bulk microphysics schemes. Cloud PSDs narrow and μ values increase with height in near-adiabatic stratocumulus clouds, while their patterns are more variable in broken cumulus clouds. Liquid water content correlates more strongly with μ variability than cloud number concentrations, suggesting its better predictability as a prognostic variable for PSD variability in these cloud systems. Both the μ=20 and its derived relation with cloud liquid water content can be applied in bulk microphysics schemes to better represent the microphysical and radiative properties of high-latitude MCAO clouds. The proposed high μ values for MCAO clouds are applicable mainly to typical horizontal resolutions of numerical weather prediction and regional climate models. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272431.15458859/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Harmonizing aerosol model parameters with retrieval property assumptions: BrC as a ca... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Maegan Anne DeLessio" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABaFBMVEX+2hD+2g/+2Q/92Q/+2hH+2hX+2hT+2hP+2hb+2hL92Ab9 1QD91gD92Qz91wD92Aj92AT92Af+3ST+5V3+5FX92Q392Qv+4kj+5mD+4Dn+ 3B/+6XX+52f+6Gv+40v+2xj91AD92Qr+52j////+5l/91wH+3CH+87L90QD+ 4T/+8an92Qn+5l7+9sj+7Yv+8af+4DX+8q3+3zD+8qv+9b7+++r+/O7+/vr+ 8qr+75z+9Ln+3zX+5l3+63/+7IT+4T7+8qz+8ab+403+75n+5Vv+4kP+9b/9 0wD+87T+3CL+8aT+2xn+3i7+8aX+5Vr+4kX+40r+3iz+3i3+6nr90gD+7Y7+ 3CD+2xv+40/+75r+75j9zgD+/vz++NP+/vn+8aj+9L3+4Df+5Vn+7pD+4UL+ 6nz+8q7+9cD+52T+75v+/fL+3B7+87D92An+3iv+7In+4UD+7IX+6nj+6Gr+ 6G3+2xb92AUAAADxF/buAAAAAWJLR0R3RmT51wAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXDDbH zj4AAAG0SURBVDgR3cGHWhNBFAbQ/96Zye466xIbiqIO/hAHULMgloiIILZg QUWwK/be4/O7iYWPV+AcbCYi6BERQCrYQLSCivYYY1RVsE6tc1BAUXOJ2jRN XaaKf0TtFp9vhaoi90XW573P6zWr+Evttu07du7qB1DfvWeg2LtvcP+Bg2Eo U/SIcf4QOexdNtIgD8dRdo3l41YFFTHOHyGPhiQNx8hmLDmRTB7nlM+gqIhx fpgn2BjJ/MlTPB1LtmIRz3A6r6kAEOP8Wc7wnC9mOcPzseRcaPh5XgipEQBi nF/gxUvML1/hVY7Fku2wWFzj9ZAaASDG+Ru8ucRbnq1+NmPJdlgsbrMdUiMA xDi/wDvLvDvAlVU2Y8m50PD3eD+kRgCIcX6BDx5OPXr8ZHmST2PJViziM67l NRUAYpx/zhfxJfkqTrMdS04kk6/5xmdQVMQ4/5bvQv6eH/waP8ZRdjXzT1YF XZrVP3/5Wi/mB4vx1W9L+cr3Hz+XOmEoU/yhan+FwtrcWzseiqTPe5/XnVX8 p1knUa05VdtJ1HbS1GWqWCdqtAfaZYxRVWwgAogAEAGkgs3lNyoFN6Xe39kc AAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAyMDI0LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjEwKzAwOjAw 2vdzTQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2RpZnkAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxMCsw MDowMKuqy/EAAAAgdEVYdHNvZnR3YXJlAGh0dHBzOi8vaW1hZ2VtYWdpY2su b3JnvM8dnQAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkRvY3VtZW50OjpQYWdlcwAxp/+7LwAA ABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpIZWlnaHQANjAwet69tQAAABd0RVh0VGh1 bWI6OkltYWdlOjpXaWR0aAA2MDDpL+3oAAAAGXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6TWltZXR5 cGUAaW1hZ2UvcG5nP7JWTgAAABd0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1UaW1lADE3MzIyMDYx OTC0x1JDAAAAE3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6U2l6ZQAxNzc0MEJCNV4fFAAAADx0RVh0 VGh1bWI6OlVSSQBmaWxlOi8vdG1wL2xldHRlcl9hdmF0YXJzLzIvTUQvMjU0 XzIxOF8xNi82MDAucG5nLmuNGwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Susanne E. Bauer" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABelBMVEWiiH6iiH2ih32hh32jiX+ki4GkioGjioCiiH+dgneWeG2V d2yXem+ghXufhXqVeG2WeW2ZfHKfhHqljIPEs63KvLa+rKWcgXeZfXKghnyl jILIubPEtK7Ds6y0n5eWeW6iiX+hiH7Fta////+ynZSSc2exm5LAr6ibgHWs lo349/aslYyafnO3o5uYfHGpkYjt6eemjoS7qKGkioCeg3nBsKqDYFOQcWXT xsGoj4bs5uSPcGSFY1bc0s6bf3Wtl478+/uynJSrlIvq5OKKal2VeGz8/Puj iYD8/PzSxsGmjYOYe3CcgXb59/f9/PyUdmuih36okIfVycXCsaqQcWaul476 +fje1dLh2dbf1tLn4d+afnSafXO1oZmnj4bq5OGHZlmKaVzPwbzArqfWy8bU ycSqkons5+WQcmahh3yNbWG9qqOXem7GtrDo4d/t6Oetlo76+fmznpbVycTJ urTOwLvHt7HIubTJurXFtK63pJycgHadgngAAAB6HH6BAAAAAWJLR0R9prEQ yQAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXDtjJrxIAAAFxSURBVDgR3cGJWhJRAAXgM/fM9daA QGolZg3NKSohyDBbbFGTLKVsT1tsT1tsz1J7+EAYPjWfwP/HTuMZNHjGGGyD TWALtiB9aztAwta5XTTYhHS7g0Sy0yEVBOnMni5HbEQi092zd9/+3mzfgf7+ g4eyYY6H0Ua6IFLDkaN5rTuWdCRi9I+f0ECheFIqlXVqsHBaqgzliBZDm4l0 Ztg/e07n+3RhZOjiJeWLjojRv3xFo2NhIl0sjevqRDV1TZ1dIGLkZCaSrt+Y mq4VpJu3pPEZS6LtNv3gzl1J9+4/0MNHs3N6XMuCiJF4UnqaCJ9JtXk9fxG+ fKXXyQ56aGElfKP5pBt+q3dOC4vvP3xUFFgaNHmsfFrSZ/aWR5Ud1Jepr2Pf 9L3oiBiB9A81/BzJa92vwCfRRnCmvPx7uRymuv9EK0urNgCIDQi3Vk1U1yaR StdN/3UgNiF9a61Pwta5HIkt2AS24H/GGNR5xhjsNP8A93EzYkfHOIAAAAAl dEVYdGRhdGU6Y3JlYXRlADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTQrMDA6MDAuuFde AAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOm1vZGlmeQAyMDI0LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjE0KzAwOjAw X+Xv4gAAACB0RVh0c29mdHdhcmUAaHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZW1hZ2ljay5vcme8 zx2dAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1lbnQ6OlBhZ2VzADGn/7svAAAAGHRF WHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OkhlaWdodAA2MDB63r21AAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6 SW1hZ2U6OldpZHRoADYwMOkv7egAAAAZdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNaW1ldHlwZQBp bWFnZS9wbmc/slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6TVRpbWUAMTczMjIwNjE5NLOq lloAAAATdEVYdFRodW1iOjpTaXplADIzMzE4QkJTakDVAAAAPXRFWHRUaHVt Yjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0dGVyX2F2YXRhcnMvMi9TQi8xNjJfMTM2 XzEyNi82MDAucG5nwSLrnAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/862489"><p class="blog-card__owner">Maegan Anne DeLessio</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 3 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272431.15458859/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Brown carbon (BrC) is an absorbing organic aerosol, primarily emitted through biomass burning (BB), with a large degree of variability in observed chemical and microphysical properties. This makes model representation of the species difficult. Retrievals of BrC from measured radiance fields have the potential to constrain model schemes and improve estimates of BrC radiative effects. We used a retrieval of BrC optical depth and mass from AERONET sites in BB regions to evaluate GISS ModelE Earth system model’s BrC module. We approached this evaluation by comparing BrC properties defined in ModelE with underlying properties prescribed by the AERONET retrieval, then constrained our scheme to match those assumptions. Our analysis showed that, just with this initial harmonization, model bias was decreased, and performance, relative to the retrieval, was improved. This allowed for an estimate of global average BrC radiative effect, 0.03 Wm-2, grounded in the measured radiance fields represented by the retrieval. Through this work, we demonstrate the necessity of harmonizing model scheme parameters with a speciated retrieval’s assumptions, even if such assumptions are not necessarily more physically correct, to ensure an “apples-to-apples” comparison and ultimately improve the estimate of individual aerosol direct effects within a climate model. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173257596.62658483/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> The August 2024 Bangladesh Flood: Examining Meteorological Triggers, Forecasting Limi... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Mostofa Kamal" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/user/857595/profile_image/thumbnail-efa4206abc66feec598edc0f3c4a8aa3.jpeg" /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Torikul Islam Sanjid" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAAAAmJLR0QAAKqNIzIAAAAHdElNRQfoCxUQGAsvO0dSAAABfUlEQVQ4 EYXBTWsTURSA4fecuZnJlzELBe1OLFW3uqwW3YgiuvIv6B/LXxAENy7qytKV uPCDUJWGJqIVm4TEzNzjnRktxIX3eWTA/ykRSoQSoUQoEUqEo2L8S6g5aipU zCMK3kyoOAJD5rkQWKMp+cxLlnoTSg4wYbXZzgUs/T7K3ZXu8tPPrpkQOCqr 7ZTK0dtr94HtV2963gRwBCbZs/Rk68b++978zD1efO4/vHk8aXoCBQRLfkzG U6bjyfFZ+bqXHu3SL4SSIxAsS1YNGq2Wm/rzt94lH4eNdkFJqXlvhpnX4jk7 T+5ueAdCoFSEP3z7cLC/uPzo9gwxAsc6WbLYe33uwdUvB20jUNbofOvpZt4f 7tIphJKyxpJv7FyYXbzOQqk4TiUkWHP08s5jYPih4ynJgIpJ3t0YTZ3pSedS ZuPDtpoQyICKIfkycyaW/FoYjZaZUHLUBHOpN0EK1wMzEyqOU1ZQsYJAqDn+ EmrCGiVCiVAilAglQon4DcnyjCxdJPuWAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAy MDI0LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjU3KzAwOjAwmxpDOQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2Rp ZnkAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzo1NyswMDowMOpH+4UAAAAgdEVYdHNvZnR3 YXJlAGh0dHBzOi8vaW1hZ2VtYWdpY2sub3JnvM8dnQAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OkRvY3VtZW50OjpQYWdlcwAxp/+7LwAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpI ZWlnaHQANjAwet69tQAAABd0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpXaWR0aAA2MDDp L+3oAAAAGXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6TWltZXR5cGUAaW1hZ2UvcG5nP7JWTgAAABd0 RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1UaW1lADE3MzIyMDYyMzfSCpEzAAAAEnRFWHRUaHVtYjo6 U2l6ZQA4MDcxQkJqMMoLAAAAPXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAv bGV0dGVyX2F2YXRhcnMvMi9UUy8xNjNfMTYzXzE2My82MDAucG5nLZO3pgAA AABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/857595"><p class="blog-card__owner">Mostofa Kamal</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 3 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-25" class="blog-card__date">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173257596.62658483/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Bangladesh, the eighth-most populated country with around 180 million people, is highly vulnerable to flooding due to its location in the Bengal Delta and its low-lying, flat topography. The country faces two main types of flooding: flash floods during the pre-monsoon season (March to mid-June), and seasonal flooding during the South Asian monsoon (June to October). In August 2024, an unprecedented flash flood hit Bangladesh’s northeastern and southeastern regions, diverging from typical flood patterns. The flood, occurring between August 21 and 28, killed 71 people, affected six million, and displaced half a million residents who took shelter in over 3,400 emergency locations. More than 7,000 schools closed, interrupting education for 1.7 million students. Initial estimates place the economic impact at around $1.2 billion USD.Despite these impacts, the Bangladesh Meteorological Department and flood forecasting agencies failed to predict the flood, leading to a severe humanitarian and public health crisis across 11 districts. This study aims to investigate the meteorological factors that contributed to this catastrophic flood. Using satellite, radar, and ERA5 reanalysis data, we identified favorable local, regional, and large-scale conditions that led to extreme rainfall over eastern Bangladesh and India in the third week of August. From August 17 to 22, a low-pressure system was positioned over Bangladesh and the Indian states of Tripura, Assam, and West Bengal due to downstream atmospheric blocking. This coincided with a sea surface temperature anomaly exceeding 2°C in the northeastern Bay of Bengal, an MJO amplitude over 2 in Phases 2 and 3, a westerly wind burst near 70°E, and a strong extratropical jet over the Indian subcontinent. These factors together produced around 700 mm of rain in six days, with 24-hour totals over 300 mm, leading to widespread flooding. Uncoordinated water releases from upstream dams in India’s Tripura state further intensified transboundary river flooding. The August 2024 flood underscores the urgent need for improved flood forecasting and cross-border water management protocols. Enhanced regional cooperation, particularly regarding dam water release notifications, and investment in predictive technology could help reduce the impact of future floods. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173259080.06304992/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Modeling forest growth under climate change </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Issam Boukhris" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABNVBMVEVItqxHtqxHtatHtqtKtq1Mt65Kt61NuK5Mt61Jtqw8saYy 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class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173259080.06304992/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Purpose of ReviewForests are integral to global ecological stability, climate regulation, and economic resilience. They function as major carbon sinks, act as biodiversity reservoirs, and provide ecosystem services. Accurately modeling forest growth is essential to predict ecosystem responses to climate change and optimize ecosystem services. However, predicting forest growth remains challenging due to complex interactions between ecological processes, external drivers like climate change, and intrinsic dynamics, such as legacy effects and emergent properties, that influence forest responses over time.This work offers a detailed examination of theories in forest growth modeling, with a focus on emergent approaches as implemented in 18 forest growth models, which vary in their approaches and goals. Recent FindingsForest modeling requires a deep understanding of forest growth theories driven by multiple, often interacting, processes. Our findings reveal distinct model clusters with varying process integrations and complexity, ranging from stand-level to terrestrial ecosystem models. Additionally, we highlight the trade-offs between model detail and scalability.SummaryOur review showcases multiple theories, such as Functional Balance, Local Determination of Growth, and Optimality Principles of forest growth, thus providing a synthetic overview of the main frameworks for resource allocation in plants. As multiple studies emphasize the importance of integrating different and recent theories to better capture growth dynamics, we build on a state-of-the-art multi-modelling comparison to discuss what the implications of different theories might be at different temporal and spatial resolutions. Finally, we explore how emerging technologies, such as machine learning, can enhance predictive accuracy and help address current modeling limitations. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173257578.86033568/v1"> <div class="blog-card__image-container"> <img onerror="$(this).closest('a').remove()" height="200" class="blog-card__image-tag" loading="lazy" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/tagdashboard/banner/large-e73efc713d600e97fa60b2e049b6dc4e.jpg" /> </div> </a> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173257578.86033568/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Tropical Dynamics and Warming in Simplified Atmosphere-Ocean Simulations </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="PJ Tuckman" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABL1BMVEX/imD/iV//il//jGL/imH/i2H/jWT/jGP/h13/f1L/gFL/ hlr/g1f/eUr/e0v/ekv/fE3/iF7/iWD/h1z/o4L/nnv/nXr/e0z/hFj/mnb/ vKX/tJn/tZv/tpv/tJr/tpz/gFP/n3z/////v6j/azf/v6n/hlv/2Mr/jmX/ m3f/ooH/9/T/qIn/kmv/18j/m3j/iF3/mXX/z77/bzz/c0H/1MT/dEP/hVn/ dkb/bjr/gVP/mnX/0L//cT7/d0b/kWr/eUn/kWn/glX/08T/ekr/j2b/i2L/ 1sj/mXT/k23/5t3/uqH/jmb/0sP/eEf/jGT/nHn/08P/mnf/49n/rI7/s5j/ lG7/zLr/ZzH/fU//0sL/kGj/0cH/nHj/18n/eEj/j2f/w67/pYX/glYAAACA S36MAAAAAWJLR0Rkwtq4CQAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAYClg8d8QAAAFASURBVDgR 3cGFQsJQGAXgc7hjk1BBdBOL6283YDsDUWcyu1vf/x0kpjPewO/DP8WGCH7i X/iOUDUGGTUbLBAhoikWi8XjCctINre01qTSYBsCRMZq7+iwbTqd2a7unt6e vlwunQYRoNL9UjcwOCSB6LBBBKh0VkZGx8YnZDI5PjUp05Y9kyeIAJUuSHE2 P5eV+YXFpSkpLidXCOITlXZldY3rGzJf2izPyNb2jgfiC5XOym5mb/9ADp2j uCsV/5hEiEqfSN2pA0u7UvFNEiEqfSbnF4eXV04ennal4pskQlS6INc3t07Z A5V2peKbJEJUuiB3zr3lgVS6IA++SSJEpR9l2rdIgkqfyNOzSSJEI/Hy+vYe ZQQgMma33WkQ35AYLmmDRBWRSZUNEj8Qpkc0EJZH/MYqBFiFPyIIRfDffAC/ cSangMPK/gAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyNDox MCswMDowMDgraDQAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6 MjQ6MTArMDA6MDBJdtCIAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdl bWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMA Maf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAX dEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6 Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAx NzMyMjA2MjUwGjSjFgAAABJ0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUANzg4MUJC83UjSQAA ADx0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlVSSQBmaWxlOi8vdG1wL2xldHRlcl9hdmF0YXJzLzIv UFQvMjU1XzEzOF85Ni82MDAucG5njBr7dAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/574459"><p class="blog-card__owner">PJ Tuckman</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 1 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-25" class="blog-card__date">November 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173257578.86033568/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> A document by PJ Tuckman. Click on the document to view its contents. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272443.36838431/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Transformer-based joint-station seismological analysis applied to focal-mechanism det... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Xiaohan Song" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABL1BMVEV83ut73ut73ep93ut/3ut+3utx2+ls2uh33Opw2+lu2uhp 2ehq2ehz2+l73et23Oqd5vCr6fKB3+uq6fKg5/B43eqb5u+07POw6/KJ4e16 3ept2ui27PP////i9/pn2OeA3+vk+Pq67fRm2OeD3+z2/P3I8fZl2Ofj+Pqf 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Deep learning models have been widely applied in seismological signal processing, including phase picking, signal denoising, polarity determination, and phase association. But when it comes to the tasks to process phase information across a station network, most current workflows rely on either traditional physics informed optimization (e.g., hypocenter and grid search for source locations and focal mechanisms), or machine leaning models pre-trained on fixed station arrays, which limits the generality of the model to specific areas. We propose that by making proper use of transformer encoders (self-attention layers), in which we treat every station’s phase information as a “token vector” and append with the station locations/metadata as “positional encodings”, we can train a model capable of processing phase information from any general set of station networks.To demonstrate this idea, we built a transformer-based focal-mechanism determination model, named FOCONET, which directly solves for the strike, dip, and rake angles of a double couple focal mechanism, based on the locations, first-motion polarities, S/P amplitude ratios, and SNRs from a set of stations. FOCONET is trained on 440,000 noise-added synthetics generated with random source locations, focal mechanisms, and station distributions. We use the Kagan angle - the minimum rotation angle between the predicted and the (known) ground truth mechanism - to evaluate the prediction quality. Tested on the noised synthetics with known focal mechanisms, FOCONET reaches average Kagan angles of 29°, 16° and 12° when using data from 12, 24 or 32 stations. This is well within typical focal mechanism errors (25°–30°), and 3º–10° lower than the predictions from traditional methods including: FPFIT and HASH (S/P included or excluded). We also tested our FOCONET on 200+ M>2.5 events of the 2016 Amatrice, Italy earthquake sequence with A-class HASH solutions for comparison, and achieved an average Kagan angle of 20º. Given its stronger performance on the synthetic test data, it is plausible that the FOCONET predictions may in fact be closer to the unknown ground truths. The success of FOCONET in focal mechanism determination from a network of stations suggests that similar joint-station seismological task would benefit from transformer-based models. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272456.69006273/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Improving Streamflow Predictions in the Arid Southwestern United States Through Under... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Mohammad A. Farmani" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABdFBMVEX+2hD+2g/+2Q/92Q/+2hP+2hX+2hT+2hH+2xb+2hb91wH9 1QD91gD92Qz92Af91wD91AD92An92AT+4Dj+5mD+4kf92Qv92Q7+5Fb+5Vz+ 3CL+4kT+6nf+52b+52j+52f+6XT+3B392Aj+8q/////+3CD+2hL+5mL+5l39 0AD+8aj+4UD+8KT+637+99D+5FT+75b+6XL+2xn+3zX+3jD+8an+/fT+/O/+ 3CH+++b+5VX+75j+5FX90wD92Qj92AP+7Yz+3zT+7ZH+6XX+5FP+4kb9zwD+ 8ab+3Sb+87P+9Ln+4UH+5FH+75v+98r+8qz+87X+98v+8aT92Qn+8qv+4Dv+ 407+75z+/fX+8J/+3i3+4Df+7Y/90gD+7Y3+8aX+3i/++NX+87D9zgD+5l/+ 2xj+8KH90QD+7IX+4Dr+8KD+5E/+5V3+8q3+3ST+++j+5Vj+4kj+7Ib+2xv+ 6G7+4kX+7If+3Sf+3SP92hD92AYAAACWRROBAAAAAWJLR0R7T9K1/AAAAAd0 SU1FB+gLFRAXGVsaKtUAAAGXSURBVDgR3cGHWhNBFAbQ/97ZZTI7CzsEwYag +Lu62JAIlhg72KJo7GJv2Hvl6U2WfBJ9BM7BWiIiKIkAsgI9tANtWjIlxSqN 4j4ooIhjq1HFtVWsokvUJj6FqqI/9QNRFnzHoFVBSW11aN1wFcDI+g0bN6Wb R7eMjY1v3TZhFR1iXNhO7kjy2O8kdxWTLO3O+lTQJsaFPeTe4HK/j9xfTPHA dO3gUNQPRYcYF2Y4eyjNk8M8wqNFnccax09kI1CUxLgww5M8lfjTPMOzRZ1z 876R5ooVYlw4x/O8EFJevMRmcZlXFq5eG037VNAhxoUWr99go8abt9gsbvPO 7Czv+lgFHWJcaHH6Hhfv88FDNos6h+d9SKGKkhgXHvFxg0/49Nkkm0Wdz/2L 3Cq6xLjwkrWlV+TrpTd8W0zxnXcGii4xLrznYvjAj2lY4KeixXHvjOIvzZPP X75OJN++Z9W5Hz/T2tivAatYJWqzMGh/+yy3WViOEr9sVdBLo4pVxJFqVLGa x1bxL22D9hD8RwSACCACQLDW/AG/qjQelpx3LQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVh dGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxMCswMDowMNr3c00AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6 bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTArMDA6MDCrqsvxAAAAIHRFWHRz b2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFn ZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgA NjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4A AAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTkwtMdSQwAAABN0RVh0VGh1 bWI6OlNpemUAMTE5NzBCQk6C7YYAAAA8dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTov L3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL01GLzI1NF8yMThfMTYvNjAwLnBuZ+Sl +5cAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Ahmad Tavakoly" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABOFBMVEXiX1HiXlDhXlDiYFLiYlTiY1XhWkzfUEDhW0ziX1LeSTre SjrhWUviYVPohHniYVThWkviYFPjZ1ruoprsmZDsmpHsm5LsmpLdRjb1ysX/ ///zv7ndRjXjZVjfUULnf3TfUkLiX1DgWUrhXE7hXU/ne2/lcWTlcmX76efm dmrmem7yubPqjYTeSzvhW03fU0TeTT7eTT366ObbPSzdRzf77Or54d7iYlX7 6+nkbWD1ycTZMR/308/gVkfdRTXxs6zXIxDlcGPvq6T99fT1zMj1yMP87+7e TD3eTj788fD+/f388vHnfXLfUEHdQzPkbF/bOinbOCfldGjcQjLjZFfka17h XE388/LeSzzgV0nlcWXwsarngHTgVEXphXvwsKnlb2PgWErqkIbphnvgWEnf Tj/iY1YAAAD4WaeJAAAAAWJLR0RnW9PpswAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXJu18B+gA AAFbSURBVDgR3cGJVtNQFAXQ885NwpCGpEBBLjS1aRFUbKhEG0FELZMDMikq KpPI/38CXazyKv0E9sY9ZbrQz5A0AC30oThCEG4XiDso3sDgEOEN+zeGPdCg h0OFYCSMioXRsfHSxGRpfGy0IIRFOg+mdHqmHFe0q/IwZBVdhpLUVDUarBdn H83pfPnxk6AG4pah65f0qS48cxvpYlOfL6VxDYRFFLMXmunLLECr3tC86YYg LMMgfaXLK6+1tSqIEs19IdFj6L5ZU+ftO32fufASzX0B0UPU47Yur2/o5hbF SzT3BYRl6GyP6If2x/Yn/bzjRonmvoCwyNaXDd3da+4f6PTh1yjReV9AWCyu ftP2tgSIVcuFo4Z+/yEgLMrP41+/04Dy5+T07BxHF38vAQPLUC6zVAhKnCWC +r8YNPgf5SogAIZXQgMnJO6qsgMAOwB2oJ/BjapBRxX3zTX+JSV/q6+pnwAA ACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzozOCswMDowMKs9 OlcAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MzgrMDA6 MDDaYILrAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9y Z7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAY dEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1i OjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBl AGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjE4 cIPuIAAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUAMTI4NTVCQlm0vPgAAAA7dEVYdFRo dW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0FULzIyNl85 NV84MS82MDAucG5n12gJOgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/791005"><p class="blog-card__owner">Mohammad A. Farmani</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 9 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272456.69006273/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Understanding factors controlling baseflow (or groundwater discharge) is critical for improving streamflow prediction skills in the arid southwest US. We used a version of Noah-MP with newly-advanced hydrology features and the Routing Application for Parallel computation of Discharge (RAPID) to investigate the impacts of uncertainties in representations of hydrological processes, soil hydraulic parameters, and precipitation data on baseflow production and streamflow prediction skill. We conducted model experiments by combining different options of hydrological processes, hydraulic parameters, and precipitation datasets in the southwest US. These experiments were driven by three gridded precipitation products: the NLDAS-2, the IMERG Final, and AORC. RAPID was then used to route Noah-MP modeled surface and subsurface runoff to predict daily streamflow at 390 USGS gauges. We evaluated the modeled ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (or baseflow index, BFI) against those derived from the USGS streamflow. Our results suggest that 1) soil water retention curve model plays a dominant role, with the Van-Genuchten hydraulic scheme reducing the overestimated BFI produced by the Brooks-Corey (also used by the National Water Model, NWM), 2) hydraulic parameters strongly affect streamflow prediction, a machine learning-based dataset captures the USGS BFI, showing a better performance than the optimized NWM by a median KGE of 21%, and 3) the ponding depth threshold that increases infiltration is preferred. Overall, most of our models with the advanced hydrology show a better performance in modeling BFI and thus a better skill in streamflow predictions than the optimized NWM in the dry southwestern river basins. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272462.21906776/v1"> <div class="blog-card__image-container"> <img onerror="$(this).closest('a').remove()" height="200" class="blog-card__image-tag" loading="lazy" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/tagdashboard/29/banner/large-06b8d1cb9b651c01c711dd11f9effa09.jpg" /> </div> </a> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272462.21906776/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Subseasonal prediction of heat-related mortality in Switzerland </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Maria Pyrina" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABUFBMVEX+2hD+2g/+2Q/+2hH+2hX+2hT+2hP+2hL92Qr91gD91QD9 1wD92Qv92AX+2xj+5Vr92Qn91wL+4UH+5mL+4Dj+2xb+4UP+4Dn91AD92Q/+ 4Dr////+63792Af92Qz+87L90QD+4UD+7Y3+3zT++uD+2hb+52j+8ab+4Db+ 8q/+2xf+3zX+4Df++Nb+52f+983+3zP++dr+/ff+8q3+4DX+8J390wD++NP+ 3zL+6XX+8ar+3CP+6nz+/v3+87T+8J/90gD92AP++d7+3zD+6nr+75n+7pP+ 8qz+3i/+3B/+64T+7Yz+3Sb+5FX+9cL+8aj+9L3+8KL90AD+9Lv+2xz+4T7+ 8af+9sb+5FT+6XH+3ir+8qr9zgD+75r+9b/+3iv+75f9zwD+8aT++Nj+87D9 2Aj+2xv+7Ib+4kj92AT91wH+7IX+40r+3B392AkAAABNoLXmAAAAAWJLR0Rv VQhhgQAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXG7UUS/kAAAGaSURBVDgR3cFpWxJRGAbg533P nIE5R5AKYoYn6SQtImYLZHtZpFlZtthie1RmWP7/jwFylfkTvG8cJCIYERFA hvAfHRAAuhf+URNFRgGojWI1diinijFRk09c3ijUeOdzE8lQIYJil5p8cXIy Khk1hw4fKfvK0Wq1XC6mGRRDotbXyGNpxUzVyePhBEemnYFiQNT6BnkyyU65 0+SZMMPmbGvuLOddlAkAUetbPMfzyWx64SLbocNLobRQ5GUXQwGIWn+FV3kt LVznjZu3Qoe3F+vuDu+6HBSAqPVd3ltiYWGZls0ww/v5lQdNPkyjTACIWt/l o1U+DnwywbVQ48hTXzeKAVHru3z2nC/W+dLyVZjj6zcb829dyahgQNT6Lt+9 /8CPdJ+4Fjr8/CVxPjaKEVHrV9hbXCWXQou90GDPrUcxFLtErW+xnSZf2UjL /BZqbKdRpioYU/N988fWz351oz+1uf0r+b291c+p4C9RU0q9yfVdZnZSH++k 3qhgLzWVWDWOoKYSq6nEin10DDqG/UQAEQAigAgOmj+O7i+YkIMqMgAAACV0 RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNyswMDowMJHfSiAA AAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MjcrMDA6MDDg gvKcAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zP HZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVY dFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJ bWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGlt YWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjA3+SfC 8AAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUAMTYxNzBCQmP3lv8AAAA8dEVYdFRodW1i OjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL01QLzI1NF8yMThf MTYvNjAwLnBuZ4BAzWcAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/861500"><p class="blog-card__owner">Maria Pyrina</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 5 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272462.21906776/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> A document by Maria Pyrina. Click on the document to view its contents. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173238571.17307721/v1"> <div class="blog-card__image-container"> <img onerror="$(this).closest('a').remove()" height="200" class="blog-card__image-tag" loading="lazy" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/tagdashboard/banner/large-243fcdb05f224a75295a129767fd9215.jpg" /> </div> </a> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173238571.17307721/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Westward- or eastward-propagating Rossby waves: Schematic illustrations </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Hing Ong" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABVlBMVEVF0OJE0OJEz+FG0OJJ0eJI0OJK0eJI0eI9zuAuyt41zN8x y99Dz+E9zeAryd4xy95H0OJW1OSL4exy2+l+3upBz+Etyt6G4OyT4+513Okz y984zOAtyd6O4u3////x+/xAzuEsyd73/P03zN9E0OGI4OyI4exL0eLm+Pts 2ehk2OZO0uON4u32/P05zOBCz+GJ4ewoyN0pyd3n+PtBzuEmyN3Y9fhS0+Qi x9w+zuAXxNqq6fF93uovyt6C3+s6zeAjx9zj+Po5zeDt+vwryd1M0eM2zN9e 1ua37POM4u08zeBf1ubf9/rU9Pi27PPB7/XA7/W17PP7/v7h9/p33OkNwdkP wtng9/rq+fte1uW67fQyy9/p+fve9vlN0uMnyN2a5e+H4Ozk+PpR0+M1y996 3er8/v7w+/yV5O5c1eU7zeCl6PGE3+uU5O5T0+SB3+tEz+IAAAAFBKucAAAA AWJLR0Rxrwdc4gAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXE7vPw8sAAAGXSURBVDgR3cFpQxJh FAbQ5z73nZEpzBFjLByuTJZSlixtaiFFRJntO9mm7ZTl//8UM1nhX/AcHCiC jCAlIthPSArAIYAZwSiqUwL0HChU54+B+E+ouSCnJA4dzoPeeHBkIh8S/1Bz k4XJnGJ86mgxH0bh9LHjpRmP2CN0cdnKsa/BrFXyScGGTvhzIU8iI3TRKZsP FsKgasXotM2eWTxr55ZqIDJCF9dtuqG15nm7cPGSXV5eWb1iV1uOgpTQJXVb W15pX7tunSW70XU3e7fsdtNRkBK6ZN323OlYNVKvt2F3AwWRErqkYPfuP3j4 6LG1O1aN1Ott2JOWgkgJXTJvT58ljecvrNOxl13nz/XtVdNRkBK6uG7rm4sL m6+t0nhjb9/p6ntbCxwFKaGLtmwrdhptWy2Zsu0PHz/Z53ZRiYzQxWUrx74G X6xSS75a6lvJo+AP6qD/vT8IMfixU6xp8rO882um5BF/CXXQHCiJiSgPeu2k 2yp6xAiqrwQ45sBdhs53SowSkgJwCGBmF/sJUiJIiQgOlt/G2THJSYay4gAA ACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxOSswMDowME9v Np4AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTkrMDA6 MDA+Mo4iAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9y Z7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAY dEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1i OjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBl AGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTk5 zRvq5wAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUAMTYzNDlCQgRTUf4AAAA8dEVYdFRo dW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0hPLzY5XzIw OF8yMjYvNjAwLnBuZ5hmlDoAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/861509"><p class="blog-card__owner">Hing Ong</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 1 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-23" class="blog-card__date">November 23, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173238571.17307721/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> A document by Hing Ong. Click on the document to view its contents. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272469.91172574/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Widespread and thick weathering layer promotes rapid infiltration beneath steep topog... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Kapiolani Teagai" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABRFBMVEWbzl+bzl6azV6dz2KczmGbzmCdz2OYzFuPyEyUylSXzFmO x0uSyVGTylONx0iOx0qNx0qPyEuazV2ez2O/35ir1nqVy1a/35mz2oat13zF 46PA4JrA4JvB4JzB4JuZzV2TylKq1Xj////d7smNx0mQyU73+/O63ZHW676c zmCYzFqo1HTZ7MKMxkfn89nI5KiDwjml0m+i0Wq12ojc7siczmKr1nmq1XeZ zVyo1HXb7cV5vSnc7seJxUKdzmKWy1eKxkXW672DwjjK5aqx2YPr9d+PyE2e z2SUylXa7MOf0GaSylKp1Xbq9N35/Pal02+Lxkb+/v7x+OjV6rzO57HX67+A wTX7/fiu133X68D7/fmQyE6Wy1jY7MHd7sig0GiJxUPQ6LTo9NuRyU/M5q6y 2YXE4qDK5auez2WZzVuMx0gAAAB6odvaAAAAAWJLR0RrUmWlmAAAAAd0SU1F B+gLFRAXEVXBoucAAAFiSURBVDgR3cGJVtNQFAXQ807uu20RrUIpIiqvl6pI UlQc0qpYZ5A6RJyVyXn4/w8wXQZD9Q/YGweLw5ADXAGjmANHYD8iEoJeRfSP CESJqFRrnjJ2aPzwkfrQ0WMTIPYQlcnGVFNr0fTxmRON2ZOz06dOz82BKFBC y+bbPHPWzi1Y4fyiJwqUEFvSaS/ZhYuXZpYv25Wr19IuQRQooWfXbyzYzZVb /drtZbtztxkIYg8lxHbvvj14WPF+dS21R+11AfEXZfDYnjy1Z51VUgaxJZmS KFEGLbPntlEnKKFnSaZ0KFEGqVn0wl6uKCX0LMmUDiVKiO3V6+Ybe1tVCT1L MqVDiRJie1cdT+39h00NsW1lSocSJaS2ne3sfrRPnzW0bL6jdCjRj61/+bom 3f637z+6P7Ux1ffEPiQWfwVPTNTbXaBSrXk6jCBUCEIVJCIh/sUcHHMAc/iP w5BzyDkcNL8BwlEpmSQqm6UAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6Y3JlYXRlADIwMjQtMTEt MjFUMTY6MjM6MTcrMDA6MDAfUE3DAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOm1vZGlmeQAyMDI0 LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjE3KzAwOjAwbg31fwAAACB0RVh0c29mdHdhcmUAaHR0 cHM6Ly9pbWFnZW1hZ2ljay5vcme8zx2dAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1l bnQ6OlBhZ2VzADGn/7svAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OkhlaWdodAA2 MDB63r21AAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OldpZHRoADYwMOkv7egAAAAZ dEVYdFRodW1iOjpNaW1ldHlwZQBpbWFnZS9wbmc/slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVt Yjo6TVRpbWUAMTczMjIwNjE5Nyqjx+AAAAATdEVYdFRodW1iOjpTaXplADEx NzExQkLVG2YMAAAAPHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0dGVy X2F2YXRhcnMvMi9LVC8xNTVfMjA2Xzk1LzYwMC5wbmdigxmhAAAAAElFTkSu QmCC " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="John J. Armitage" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABU1BMVEVSvIlRu4hTvIpVvYtUvIpUvYtRu4lIuIJCtn5PuodHt4FE tn9RvIlMuYRlw5Z4yqNPuoZJuINoxJhxyJ5LuYQ6snjR7eD///9uxpxWvYtQ u4dBtX1RvIg5snjH6dlpxZlZvo07s3mL0q/B59U4snfI6dlqxZlXvYzr9/Hu +PPN69xNuoVTvIlGt4FKuINav46j28BtxpuH0K08s3qr3sVvx50/tHzf8ulU vYrJ6tpDtn9AtX39/v3s9/IiqWgYpWG4489AtXxXvozG6dgzsHN7zKXC59XE 6Nfa8OWq3sU3sXZWvYze8uhGt4AtrXBnxJcqrG7o9u/7/fz8/v3z+vdBtX7G 6Nie2bwyr3NyyJ/9/v5KuYPx+fYwrnEkqmm95dJ5y6QsrW+h2r9Yvo10yaBF t4CO07Gb2LuW1riBzqmn3cOZ17qZ17lOuoY9s3o9tHsAAADsgffPAAAAAWJL R0Rw2ABsdAAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXHCtw3loAAAFPSURBVDgR5cHnVhpRGAXQ c7hjnWtXPkGuOiqIMo6FSIhd7GLvvfdY3v9fZmXNikh8At0b3w99AOjDpxhS IECrBMT/Somy8gqQqLQJopgmqqprrFqgrr6hkSCKkKopLM12pCoq0tCiGMNH pDKt0ma3Ox0inV2KxEekMnFJ2N0m2dMrdSmXGoVIKhOXRJ/XLwODMpSOUKMA fcrEpa3M+SHDGfnZlSVRgJaCMr8kMTI6Nj4xOSX9lRZjCGiS004058zI4Oyc JOcXFmVpOU8iQLj2/MqqtxaW9Y1W2dzaTsrOLkEEyIjZk/2DQznKHMvJ6XL6 7FyGM4oaAYY8a0t8F5cDcmWucy03Ek4rEgHSuvXu7h+uR73Hp1yji2jq9/ML QfxD6+W1yfGyGDEpl0Q0/UZQ4x3dSD4fIrPdLgEir0AU4jsNgD4U0TENn8Zf WuMr+QMUuiiSuHDELAAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQx NjoyMzowNiswMDowMHWNRukAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEt MjFUMTY6MjM6MDYrMDA6MDAE0P5VAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczov L2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6 UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHre vbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0 VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpN VGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTg2RL/GNwAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUAMTY3MzRC QmTcXNQAAAA8dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZh dGFycy8yL0pBLzgyXzE4OF8xMzcvNjAwLnBuZ4qCtYAAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/861385"><p class="blog-card__owner">Kapiolani Teagai</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 7 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272469.91172574/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Groundwater flow paths in mountainous regions dictate how water is transferred from the surface, through the weathering zone, and into the bedrock aquifer system. Previous studies have established the critical role of bedrock aquifers in sustaining mountain river flow through the gradual release of water. However, the specific pathways that groundwater takes in the weathering zone to reach deeper aquifers remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the compartmentalization and transfer of water from surface rainfall input to a deep groundwater reservoir within a steep Himalayan catchment in central Nepal covering a pre-, during and post-monsoon season. We employed a comprehensive approach, integrating inverted electrical resistivity changes in the upper few tens of meters below the surface with geochemical and hydrological measurements, including infiltration rates. This has helped us to determine groundwater distribution and dynamics. We found a laterally extensive weathering zone with predominantly very high surface infiltration capacity. In steep mountain topography, this permeable mantle plays a key role in regulating catchment hydrology by efficiently absorbing rainfall and transferring surface water into groundwater from the onset of monsoon. In the study catchment, groundwater flows both vertically downward into the mountain bedrock interior, and parallel to the subsurface within the weathering zone and colluvial hollows. Our work enhances understanding of the mechanisms that recharge the mountain groundwater reservoir, govern spring location and activity, and may support water resource management in regions vulnerable to climate variability and change. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272480.04202788/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Plant community shifts as early indicators of abrupt permafrost thaw and associated c... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="William Dale Cox" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAAAAmJLR0QAAKqNIzIAAAAHdElNRQfoCxUQFxFVwaLnAAABpUlEQVQ4 EYXBsU8TcRzG4c/7vd+1PcS2ogZEiDEsGoOLgyb+7S5MJsbEOJG4GCFApKWV IpRr716vuDh5z6MD/i9oEbQIWgQtghZBi0TDgAzIgDArYiUBlqhBMkg2EtgW jQSWbyO3FnUHVYs8g3mtlNsCEpZ5ejtJy2H3PKt625N5XT1er8aznixINOqX /pCq/fzjvHyx9WV6730HODrsySKB42Y67JZFzvAoBkz1pvPtJN/f/XXWMwQC TRjOh/Bw2Sl+X20Wp4eafWXPxiQa2fj5YPGk/LlDwUW1wbjI1haf6SATgNMV fW1MT+gVTKPLddTOLi/DFkEjyvL+OqNLBn1mmbkjISBAls+zXaZlvT2srlNJ UUt1sVYjCFayC/YW8+xsqz+u04QHc8/j7esSTNBwNiMbVWkMF8pHy51nZecV 35FFYiW7WaaR8glMk/j0bh84/VEY0AEYLR71j6tYbuXHQZTa7Hoy6ckCHdCw yqob1q27wlGVJuVYQGJF7mLLPWypjgKMRSPxVw2CGgTYNMRK4o5YEXfEP4IW QYugRdAiaBG0+AO85be79JsA6gAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0x MS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxNyswMDowMB9QTcMAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIw MjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTcrMDA6MDBuDfV/AAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBo dHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1 bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0 ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAA ABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTk3KqPH4AAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUA MTI4MzRCQn0diRMAAAA9dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0 ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL1dDLzE5NF8xOTRfMTk0LzYwMC5wbmc3b1TDAAAAAElF TkSuQmCC " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Catherine Dieleman" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABHVBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8aMu8acu8Z8q4XseyUcOxT8KzU8S5 Ysm6Y8mzU8OyUMO2WcbTnN3Yp+DPktm2W8a0VsW5YcjUnt3Vod7Un97QldrC dtC1WMW8Z8vSm9z////FfdL58vrAcs66ZMq0VsTHgtS4YMjNj9j9+/20VcT+ /v7Cd9CxTsLs1PDBcs6uScCpPrzlxOrQlNqwTMGyUsOrQb3MjdfhvOiwTcG4 X8i6YsnLita+bcz9+v22Wsa5YMj16ve3XcezVMT47/mxUMLGf9O9acu1Wca3 XMfu2vK+bMywTcKqP73hvejRmNuvS8Hiv+nKiNby4vXHgdPAcc7VoN7ZquHH gtP48PrWo9/YpuDSmdzWot/Cdc+7Z8oAAADd2FBNAAAAAWJLR0ReBNZhuwAA AAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXGsITe28AAAFeSURBVDgR3cGJVtNAAAXQN28m08W0Uduw JT6oNWBR3IpS1IZA3Pd99/9/w/aMKKBfwL04bYwxmDEz+A8GYGBwgqF1kQMJ F0XOgziOdI1mq33GM+50m50EnjiKtF179tz5Xt+mC4tLyyudLCf+In3zguZW 27Hm1gb9nBdxiPnwktZWinVtXO6NtDlYkNiwxG9kfuWqtq7x+g3dvCWNs+3b urMTkQiIdCIlcLvR3XuZVIA93Z/GIALacqK9riXSpKqkKrX7BypLSwS05UR7 tSV2q0YlValtH6gsLREQaaFRAh/bBw8fSQX4WBvTGERA+vqJnj7Ln7/Qy1fS ONte1+sdRyIwdPtv9Nb230nT6Uib7z9IaFjiEOlbHzX3qUnNfR4McxJ/EKi3 vnz9lg5tuvR9cfnHOMuJo4i8V7fGhWfcqbudBJ44jvwZRc6ScFHkPIiTGICB wb+MMZgxMzhtfgF0YCXPvej0zAAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0x MS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNiswMDowMDeoQZQAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIw MjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MjYrMDA6MDBG9fkoAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBo dHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1 bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0 ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAA ABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjA2jiDyZgAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUA MjAyODFCQppHb84AAAA9dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0 ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0NELzE4N18xMDFfMjAyLzYwMC5wbmeygp6tAAAAAElF TkSuQmCC " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/852160"><p class="blog-card__owner">William Dale Cox</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 6 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272480.04202788/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Widespread changes to near-surface permafrost in northern ecosystems are occurring through top-down thaw of near-surface permafrost and more abrupt localized thermokarst. Both types of thaw are associated with a loss of ecosystem services, including soil hydrothermal and mechanical stability and long-term carbon storage. Here, we analyze relationships between ground layer vegetation, active layer thickness, and greenhouse gas fluxes along a thaw gradient from permafrost peat plateau to thaw bog in Interior Alaska. We used active layer thickness to define four distinct stages of thaw: Stable, Early, Intermediate, and Advanced, and we identified key plant taxa that serve as reliable indicators of each stage. Advanced thaw, with a thicker active layer and thermokarst, was associated with increased abundance of graminoids and Sphagnum mosses but decreased plant species richness and ericoid abundance. Early thaw, driven by active layer thickening with little visible evidence of thermokarst, coincided with a fivefold increase in CH4 emissions, accounting for ~30% of the total increase in methane emissions occurring in ~10% of the timeline of the forest-to-bog transition. Our findings suggest that early stages of thaw, prior to the formation of thermokarst features, are associated with distinct vegetation and soil moisture changes that lead to abrupt increases in methane emissions, which then are perpetuated through ground collapse and collapse scar bog formation. Current modeling of permafrost peatlands will underestimate carbon emissions from thawing permafrost unless these linkages between plant community, nonlinear active layer dynamics, and carbon fluxes of emerging thaw features are integrated into modeling frameworks. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272491.14760192/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Impact of climate change on cost and cost efficiency of solar irrigation in Sub-Sahar... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Hua Xie" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP 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datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272491.14760192/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Irrigation is considered a promising option for improving agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. To support irrigation expansion in the region, solar-powered irrigation systems are increasingly being promoted due to limited grid connections, fuel supply constraints, and gradual declines in their costs. However, compared to fossil fuel-based irrigation systems, the performance of solar irrigation systems is more sensitive to climate changes. This paper evaluates the impact of climate change on the cost and cost efficiency of stand-alone solar irrigation systems across Sub-Saharan Africa under five CMIP6 SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios. We find that climate change will increase the investment cost and erode the cost efficiency of solar irrigation systems relative to diesel irrigation in most countries and crop areas across the region. However, the decline in the cost performance of solar irrigation is expected to be moderate and might well be offset if the cost of solar panels continues to decrease. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272499.92810883/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Development and Analysis of a Global Refractive Index of Water Data Layer for Spacebo... </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="James Dietrich" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/user/657809/profile_image/thumbnail-3723ff99125aef7c4e37976cd38090d8.jpeg" /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Christopher Parrish" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABVlBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8aMu8acu7Z8q8Z8u8Z8q4YMiyUsOx T8KzUsO2Wsa0V8W1V8WzU8O5YcjRmNvYp+DQltq5YsmzVcS4X8jFfdLIg9TG ftLGf9PCds+3XMeyUcPNjtj////JhdW0VsX48Prz5fa6Ysm3XcfAcs79/P3H gtOvS8H26/jDeNDDedDhvOjv2/K6ZMqwTsLjv+nHgtSsRL6qP73aq+LZqeGp Prz47/m0VcS2WcauSMD27Pi+bcz37fi6Y8nKiNbCdc+wTMG1WMW4XsesQ77y 4/W3W8a5YMi1WcbAcc7Bcs6/b83Vot+5Ysj05/fDedGzVMSwTcL26vjTnN3T nd3Wo9/JhtXkwurGf9KrQb3XpuDarOKpPbz48PmvTMG0VsTEetH69fvAcM69 asuvSsCxUMLSm9zOkNj58vqyUMO+bMzUnt3SmdzYpuCyUMIAAAB1f07rAAAA AWJLR0Rxrwdc4gAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXCUatOrEAAAFfSURBVDgR3cFpOxtR GAbgZ55zZnqSiMnQECHTV1VStYWqJQ2mJG1HS9vQ2pcu6Ir//4kYar38APeN +8ayLNyBEfCMhWuotK0VQeeBOQHiKupYPNEQM0Sy0XXdpFLEZTQpr6n5YbrF tGbasu3ZjnjOIf4jtf9I6jpbHndJ3ZPuvCLO0UkW5Gl7rEdEP+uVvv6OARn0 FYhIkXpoWJ6P4MWojI1PSKnxZXlSpvKKiBBITUtroGlezcxOilupvn4jhbcO EaEKPZEwBNJzYbxX3r2fX5CJEkBEqMIPIl4IBDkv9VFOfaoYEhECtS6pdhsy U1hcks9fllfmXEOcK1Ivrspa2V7fkM2tbZnd8b8GhrhAU/km33+U+kV295Yk 4K4GcQmp939K3a9a6bd4MZDEFXT+/F3Y+Kd8kzs4TAcgriF1/ijhVzVR8wMQ NxSpbNtWBLUN4haMgCdwO8uyUGfh/jkG+OUsbsjJ5h0AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6 Y3JlYXRlADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MDcrMDA6MDDT+k1dAAAAJXRFWHRk YXRlOm1vZGlmeQAyMDI0LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjA3KzAwOjAwoqf14QAAACB0 RVh0c29mdHdhcmUAaHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZW1hZ2ljay5vcme8zx2dAAAAGHRF WHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1lbnQ6OlBhZ2VzADGn/7svAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6 SW1hZ2U6OkhlaWdodAA2MDB63r21AAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6Oldp ZHRoADYwMOkv7egAAAAZdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNaW1ldHlwZQBpbWFnZS9wbmc/ slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6TVRpbWUAMTczMjIwNjE4NzO49qEAAAATdEVY dFRodW1iOjpTaXplADE4OTIxQkJfkSZLAAAAPXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZp bGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0dGVyX2F2YXRhcnMvMi9DUC8xODdfMTAxXzIwMi82MDAu cG5n65+I+gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/657809"><p class="blog-card__owner">James T Dietrich</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 1 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272499.92810883/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> After over a half-century of development, bathymetric lidar is a mature and widely used technology for mapping the littoral zone in support of nautical charting, benthic habitat assessment, inundation modeling and other applications. In 2018, bathymetric lidar transitioned from a purely airborne technology to also a spaceborne capability with the launch of NASA’s ICESat-2 satellite. An important aspect of obtaining accurate seafloor elevations and horizontal coordinates in bathymetric lidar is refraction correction, which corrects for the change in the speed and direction of the laser at the air-water interface. Unfortunately, data on the refractive index of seawater needed for correction are largely lacking—especially over global extents, which are required for ICESat-2 bathymetry. This study developed and evaluated a new global refractive index of water data layer. A two-phased sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate how systematic and random uncertainties in the refractive index layers impact bathymetric lidar uncertainty. We then developed the global refractive index of water layer using global marine datasets and evaluated it using a combination of Argo Float data and in situ refractometer measurements. The results provide a strong indication of the usefulness of the global refractive index layer, which is currently being implanted into the workflow for generating a new ICESat-2 bathymetric dataset (ATL24). To benefit other studies, the global refractive index layer is publicly available. Future improvements are possible, leveraging crowdsourced data collection to continually improve the spatial resolution and nearshore accuracy of the refractive index data set. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272530.03851385/v1"> <div class="blog-card__image-container"> <img onerror="$(this).closest('a').remove()" height="200" class="blog-card__image-tag" loading="lazy" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/users/573566/articles/1243878-wave-influenced-deltas-grow-through-cyclical-accretion-of-barrier-spits/master/file/data/ms05/ms05.gif?1732725303" /> </div> </a> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272530.03851385/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Wave-influenced deltas grow through cyclical accretion of barrier-spits </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Connor Broaddus" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABVlBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8aMu8acu7Z8q8Z8q5YcizU8OxT8Ky UsO4X8i0VcSxUMKyUcOzVMS2W8a3XcfQltvYp+DRmNvWpN/TnN3VoN7MjdfA cc64YMi6ZMqzU8THgdP////OkNi0VsT37vnr0/C6Y8m3XMe+bMzIgtTGgNP+ /f69asuvSsD16vfDd9DCdtDw3fPUnt2xTsLeteXOkNmrQr6rQL3TnNypPLz4 8PmzVcS2WsbAcM3lxevz5fbJhtXEedGwTMH37PjhvOjRl9v27Pi4Xse5YMi2 Wcb06Pf69fv7+Pzhu+etRr/16ffozO3q0e/kw+r58/rDedC1WMX05/bFfNLB dM+wTcGvS8GsRL6+bczv3PKyUMPguufIhNS1V8WzUsP37fn9+v3Bc8/Acs6u SMD26vjhvejQltrSmdu0VsXz5Pa8Z8vXpuDXpeDVod7QldoAAAB+3FwuAAAA AWJLR0Rxrwdc4gAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXEVXBoucAAAF0SURBVDgR3cHnWhNB GAXgM2dmMptskgmLJYbgB7hWTCSIghEFTQEFewEUGyjY5f5/wT67PFLugPfF 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Mi9DQi8xODdfMTAxXzIwMi82MDAucG5nRL+bawAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> <div class="blog-card__second-avatar"> <img alt="Jaap H Nienhuis" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABXFBMVEVSvIlRvIlRu4hRvIhUvYtUvIpVvYtTvIpWvYtTvIlEtn9G t4FOuoY+tHxCtn5KuYM9s3pKuYRQu4hyyJ9sxppIuIKK0a95y6RDtn5kw5WT 1bViwpRLuYRNuoX////2+/kxr3Jrxpp2yqI+tHtav446s3me2b2W1rc7s3lW vYzr9/EwrnFnxJfv+fQ9tHuX1riQ1LPr9/IvrnH9/v6r3sU5snhAtXyY17iR 1LTs9/Jlw5bW7+PU7uFhwZMtrXCb2LtPu4fn9e4iqWia17pMuoVMuYTq9/Ef qGay4cp0yaB+zadAtX1MuYXm9e7+/v73+/mS1bVdwJCz4cs4sndFt4Dl9O1B tX2AzqiU1bZmxJc1sHWf2b2/5tNmw5fi8+s8s3pXvow0sHTI6tqI0a73/Plq xZnt+PJJuINgwZKc2Lui2r+K0q9CtX6p3cRpxZlJuIJUvYpHuII6sngAAAC9 VBGlAAAAAWJLR0RzQQk9zgAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXFsulN0QAAAFySURBVDgR 3cFpWxJRAAXgM+cyg1cmA0srmzlaZN0rBmWpMFlhu+1l+0or7Zn//0PYaBJP 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YXJzLzIvSk4vODJfMTg4XzEzNy82MDAucG5n9h3FoQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== " /> </div> </div> <div> <div class="blog-card__authors-text"> <div class="blog-card-author-list" style="width: 100%;"> <a href="/users/573566"><p class="blog-card__owner">Connor Broaddus</p></a> <p class='blog-card__remaining-text'>and 3 more</p> </div> </div> <time datetime="2024-11-27" class="blog-card__date">November 27, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> <div class='blog-card__preview-content-container'> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272530.03851385/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> Wave-influenced deltas are the most abundant delta type and are also potentially the most at-risk to human-caused changes, owing to the effects of wave-driven sediment transport processes and the short timescales on which they operate. Despite this, the processes controlling wave-influenced growth are poorly understood, and the role of fine-grained cohesive sediment (mud) is typically neglected. Here we simulate idealized river deltas in Delft3D across a range of conditions to interrogate how relative wave-influence and fluvial sediment composition impact delta evolution on decadal-millennial timescales. Our simulations capture the barrier-spit formation and accretion process characteristic of prograding wave-influenced deltas, such as those of the Red (Vietnam), Sinu (Colombia), and Coco (Nicaragua) rivers. Barrier-spit accretion exhibits multi-decadal cyclicity driven by subaqueous accumulation of fluvial sediment near river mouths. Using a range of metrics, we quantify how waves and mud influence delta morphology and dynamics. Results show that waves stabilize and simplify channel networks, smooth shorelines, increase shoreline reworking rates, reduce mud retention in the delta plain, and rework mouth bar sediments to form barrier-spits. Higher fluvial mud concentrations produce simpler and more stable distributary networks, rougher shorelines, and limit back-barrier lagoon preservation without altering shoreline reworking rates. Our findings reveal distinct controls on shoreline change between river-dominated and wave-influenced deltas and demonstrate that mud plays a critical role in delta evolution, even under strong wave influence. These insights could enhance paleoenvironmental reconstructions and inform predictions of delta responses to climate and land-use changes. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="blog-card"> <div class="blog-card__container"> <div class='blog-card__top-row'> </div> <div class='blog-card__heading-container '> <a href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272540.07171668/v1"> <div class="blog-card__title"> Variability of the kinetic energy in seasonally ice-covered oceans. </div> </a> </div> <div class="blog-card__author-container"> <div class="blog-card__author-information"> <div class="blog-card__images-container"> <div class="blog-card__first-avatar"> <img alt="Josué Martínez-Moreno" width="24" height="24" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABqlBMVEVSvIlRvIlRu4hVvYtTvIpTvIlWvYtUvIpPuodCtn5JuINL 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href="/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173272540.07171668/v1"> <div class='blog-card__preview-content'> The seasonality of Arctic sea ice cover significantly influences heat, salt, buoyancy fluxes, ocean-ice stresses, and the potential and kinetic energy stored in the ocean mixed layer. This study examines the seasonal variability of oceanic scales and cross-scale flux of kinetic energy in the seasonally ice-covered Arctic, using a high-resolution, idealized coupled ocean-sea ice model. Our simulations demonstrate pronounced seasonality in the scales of oceanic motion within the mixed layer, governed by distinct mechanisms during summer and winter. In summer, an inverse energy cascade sustains mesoscale dynamics and enhances kinetic energy. In winter, ice-induced dissipation suppresses kinetic energy and mesoscale, allowing only the persistence of submesoscale processes. These results underscore the critical role of sea ice in modulating the seasonal dynamics of oceanic motion and their dominant scales, a behavior markedly different from that in the open ocean. Thus, understanding these coupled processes is essential for improving predictions of the ocean's energy evolution as the Arctic transitions toward a summer ice-free regime. </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Pagination" class="pagination"><span class="previous_page disabled">← Previous</span> <em class="current" aria-label="Page 1" aria-current="page">1</em> <a rel="next" aria-label="Page 2" href="/inst/20904?page=2">2</a> <a aria-label="Page 3" href="/inst/20904?page=3">3</a> <a aria-label="Page 4" href="/inst/20904?page=4">4</a> <a aria-label="Page 5" href="/inst/20904?page=5">5</a> <a aria-label="Page 6" href="/inst/20904?page=6">6</a> <a aria-label="Page 7" href="/inst/20904?page=7">7</a> <a aria-label="Page 8" href="/inst/20904?page=8">8</a> <a aria-label="Page 9" href="/inst/20904?page=9">9</a> <span class="gap">…</span> <a aria-label="Page 892" href="/inst/20904?page=892">892</a> <a aria-label="Page 893" href="/inst/20904?page=893">893</a> <a class="next_page" rel="next" href="/inst/20904?page=2">Next →</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="marketing-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="span12"> <div class="footer-logo"> <div class="paid-institution-footer"> <strong>ESS Open Archive </strong> <p>| Powered by <strong><a href="https://www.authorea.com/"> Authorea.com </a></strong></p> </div> <div class= "inst-footer"> <a target="blank" href="https://www.agu.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/17/image/1444bc1906abd91c131276b1777bc07e.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.agronomy.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/18/image/cb7906734564497de0a3f31437041a3a.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.aslo.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/19/image/2ba7b49d4e9ebfb8d6a63594e4a197bc.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.crops.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/20/image/5f09f3ba01ee824640618b4fab647408.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.esa.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/21/image/0a84fb71c769d225d2f482e5694749f9.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.soils.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/24/image/07d8633dd99ed1c0623537c2f2bd3c3f.png" /></a> </div> </div> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="/"><strong>Home</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/advisory-board">Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/editorial-board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li><a href="/submission-guide">Submission Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </body> </html>