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url(https://www.omniglot.com/radio/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-bg_radio_omniglot.jpg)"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/" rel="home">Radio Omniglot</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Podcasts about languages and words</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <button id="menu-button" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-22"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?page_id=9">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2627"><a 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class="page-title">Category: <span>Gaulish</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-3857" class="post-3857 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-french category-gaulish category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3857" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Windy Braying</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3857" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-29T16:12:13+00:00">29th March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-29T16:14:20+00:00">29th March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Windy Braying" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-29T16:12:13+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M53S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the flatulent Celtic roots of words for to bray and related things in English, French and other languages. The Proto-Celtic word *bragyeti means to fart or flatulate and comes from Proto-Celtic *braxsman (fart), from Pr..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/windybraying.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6451"> <audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3857-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/windybraying.mp3?_=1" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/windybraying.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/windybraying.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/windybraying.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3857-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/windybraying.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="windybraying.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the flatulent Celtic roots of words for <strong>to bray</strong> and related things in English, French and other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/chezdom/3473856920/in/photolist-eg2gC9-6hYqCQ-cXqLwj-7XdeYZ-VVq8A7-5Koy-6CSxT-fJ5xb2-ANMne-7VKe59-6CSxE-J8QKUh-nvsj93-b7Q2Q2-b7MZQF-b7Qc8i-gwxtpU-RhiEvJ-RMRWHm-6qZMWg-2cFUasD-2oEoKXz-6qZMQP-6eooR5-d1tsYA-e4uYgv-2oKnyX-5fNnvB-b7NGNi-b7RYWP-B1Byv-b7NSvr-dTaKyQ-b7Mfnz-h6VgvR-KnfQo-22RPhMP-jHmbiZ-3Pq7Wp-dwMUmu-LAAaJq-ceHAQL-2iK1hzt-5qw3He-ceHASs-6idfec-85gFbZ-2cbAe-7Y821P-7Ybfa3" title="Cacahuète braying"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/3387/3473856920_2e36d93241_z.jpg" width="640" height="425" alt="Cacahuète braying"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*bragyeti</strong> means to fart or flatulate and comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*braxsman</em> (fart), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*bʰreHg-</em> (to stink, smell, have a strong odour) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bragyeti">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>broim</strong> [bˠɾˠiːmʲ] = fart in Irish</li> <li><strong>braim</strong> [brãũm] = fart, breaking of wind in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>breim</strong> = fart in Manx</li> <li><strong>bram</strong> [bram] = fart, gentle puff in Welsh</li> <li><strong>bramm</strong> = fart in Cornish</li> <li><strong>bramm</strong> [brãmː ] = fart in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>fart</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/03/29/breaking-the-wind/">Breaking the Wind</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, Gaulish <em>*bragiū</em> (fart) and Latin <em>bragiō</em> (to bray, cry, weep), include <strong>(to) bray</strong> in English, <strong>braire</strong> (to bray, shout, cry, weep) and <strong>brailler</strong> (to shout, yell, speak very loudly) in French, and <strong>sbraitare</strong> (to shout, scream, yell, rant) in Italian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Latin/bragio">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root possibly include <strong>braña</strong> (mire, bog, fen, march, moorland) in Galician, <strong>flair</strong>, <strong>fragrant</strong> in English, <strong>flairer</strong> (to smell, sniff, scent, sense) in French, <strong>fragare</strong> (to smell) in Italian, and <strong>cheirar</strong> (to smell) in Portuguese [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/b%CA%B0reHg-">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3857" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Windy Braying"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3857&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Windy%20Braying" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3857&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Windy%20Braying" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3857&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Windy%20Braying" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3857#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3836" class="post-3836 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-czech category-english category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-irish category-language category-manx category-music category-podcast category-polish-polski category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-russian category-scottish-gaelic category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gaelic tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-soot tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Sooty Soot</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-15T17:24:20+00:00">15th March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-15T17:31:36+00:00">15th March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Sooty Soot" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-15T17:24:20+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M38S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for soot in English, French and various other languages. The Proto-Celtic word *sūdyā means soot and comes from Proto-Indo-European *suh₃d- (soot [?]), or from sed- (to sit) [source]. ..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.3" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6452"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3836-2" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3?_=2" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3836-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="soot.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>soot</strong> in English, French and various other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/112261457@N06/33398368658/in/photolist-STinqo-rhtLns-3zST4N-ZQKjEN-FYFEaF-rc2XP-cWg4yh-5N4HUM-8MQyG-r4xL96-3gKWnK-bXdyCx-8mPt11-2icdrms-2o5t4Fv-2jAmL2D-96MEHr-8kxCq4-RD8DE5-6hKwm-2mrYiS4-aMmhPe-aEHEEY-2kQce4L-cRTwyY-wCcoe-bGP358-5Z2Anw-2icbfBL-dXkZ7c-FLWER6-ZvPDXA-2gnW1fU-2qtJLWe-2ktoevy-2kfynGR-5YXj5z-kiQE3r-UT91Tu-uioey-2onwm66-2mwK2QD-2ms5mCe-2mrZzcE-2qsSAFc-2ontA2E-2pUapfy-s8V3zd-28i8yuK-pZdYzi" title="Anybody else smell smoke??"><img decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7903/33398368658_d79cd4108b_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Anybody else smell smoke??"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*sūdyā</strong> means soot and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*suh₃d-</em> (soot [?]), or from <em>sed-</em> (to sit) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/huddygl#Welsh">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>súiche</strong> [ˈsˠuːçɪ] = soot in Irish</li> <li><strong>sùith</strong> [suːj] = soot in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>sooie</strong> = smut, soot in Manx</li> <li><strong>huddygl</strong> [ˈhɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡl / ˈhɪðɪɡl] = soot in Welsh</li> <li><strong>hudhygel</strong> = soot in Cornish</li> <li><strong>huzil</strong> [ˈhyː(z)il] = soot in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>soot</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/03/15/soot/">Soot</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*sūdiā</em> (soot [?]), include <strong>sutge</strong> (soot) in Catalan, <strong>suie</strong> (soot) in French, and maybe <strong>soot</strong> in English, <strong>sot</strong> (soot) in Swedish, <strong>sadza</strong> (soot) in Polish, <strong>сажа</strong> (saža – soot) in Russian, and <strong>saze</strong> (soot) in Czech [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/s%C5%ABdy%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, another Welsh word for soot is <strong>fflacs</strong>, which refers specifically to soot blown down a chimney on a windy day [<a href="https://welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Sooty Soot"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=115" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=63" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=32" rel="category">Russian (Русский)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gaelic" rel="tag">gaelic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=soot" rel="tag">soot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3809" class="post-3809 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-bulgarian- category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-french category-galician-galego category-gaulish category-irish category-language category-latin category-music category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-swedish category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Quays</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-01T10:00:00+00:00">1st March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-27T15:19:24+00:00">27th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Quays" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-01T10:00:00+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M07S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for quay, jetty, pier, etc. in English, French and other languages. Bangor Pier. Photo by Simon Ager The Proto-Celtic word *kagyom means pen or enclosure, and comes from the Proto-Indo-European..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6453"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3809-3" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3?_=3" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3809-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="quays.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for <strong>quay</strong>, <strong>jetty</strong>, <strong>pier</strong>, etc. in English, French and other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/48032341046/in/photolist-2pT9vJo-2pT9vW2-2pT9XPf-2pT9XSg-2pUH4Ya-2pUKdkv-2pUKdpy-2hGP5Xs-2hGSNow-2jGzSq8-2jGEbMz-2jGEbN1-2krazqm-2kGSqHE-2kGSqT9-2kGSqVy-2kGWCnT-2kGWCt9-2kGWCtz-2kGWCAt-2mBgg2m-2mBgg4L-2mBoRiv-2mUr65v-2mUzHwR-2nyKeUi-2nBBMqj-2nBGJaa-2nBGRkE-2nBGRsi-2nBJbEA-2nBKgzK-Gs7Hrx-He83FJ-HguAjP-HjBaY7-KDZNws-KVXoyh-KYtBPn-L2XdFF-PUdhsc-Ts2ddx-Wjvyuo-XLnXQL-YNtEmJ-252DzHv-252YuYt-2a3gdsZ-2gbsiz9-2gbswgD" title="Bangor Pier"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48032341046_0eceb2f69d_z.jpg" width="640" height="361" alt="Bangor Pier"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>Bangor Pier. Photo by Simon Ager</em></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*kagyom</strong> means pen or enclosure, and comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kagʰyóm</em> (enclosure, hedge), from <em>*kagʰ-</em> (to keep, hold, close, enclose, fence, hedge, barrier, field, pasture) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kagyom">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>cae</strong> [kaːɨ̯ / kai̯] = hedge, fence, field, enclosure, circle, sphere, barrier, obstruction in Welsh</li> <li><strong>ke</strong> = hedge, fence in Cornish</li> <li><strong>kae</strong> [kɛː] = hedge, quay in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>field</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/07/31/fields-meadows-and-pastures/">Fields, Meadows and Pastures</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*kagyom</em> (enclosure) and Latin <em>caium</em> (storehouse, shop, workshop, quay, wharf) include <strong>quai</strong> (quay, wharf, platform) in French, <strong>quay</strong> in English, <strong>caes</strong> (quay, pier, wharf, breakwater) in Galician, <strong>cais</strong> (quay, pier, wharf, platform) in Portuguese, <strong>кей</strong> (kej – quay, pier, wharf, jetty) in Bulgarian, and <strong>cé</strong> (quay, wharf, pier) in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caium#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>hedge</strong> and <strong>inchoate</strong> (chaotic, disordered, confused) in English, <strong>haie</strong> (hedge, obstacle, line, row) and <strong>age</strong> (beam, shaft) in French, <strong>cael</strong> (to get, receive, have) and <strong>caer</strong> (fort[ress], castle, citadel) in Welsh, and <strong>häck</strong> (hedge, hurdle) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kag%CA%B0-">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Quays"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3809&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Quays" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3809&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Quays" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3809&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Quays" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=121" rel="category">Bulgarian (Български)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=143" rel="category">Galician (galego)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3761" class="post-3761 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-bulgarian- category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-croatian-hrvatski category-czech category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-polish-polski category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-slovak-slovencina category-slovenian-slovenscina category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Calamitous Swords</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-25T14:45:04+00:00">25th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Calamitous Swords" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-25T14:45:04+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M29S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for sword, hammer and related things in Romance and Slavic languages. The Proto-Celtic word *kladiwos means sword, and comes from Proto-Celtic *kladeti (to stab, dig), from Proto..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.7" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6454"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3761-4" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3?_=4" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3761-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="calamitousswords.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for <strong>sword</strong>, <strong>hammer</strong> and related things in Romance and Slavic languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/squage/26001024422/in/photolist-FBC3Gw-dTyQc-8uREX4-61r772-fCjHAV-22i9dUP-2j8zaaF-fXxpQg-ahqBzA-5kmX2G-eqyNzo-qmWEs4-orWuG-d97GK7-fC5q6Q-4vsims-ivas39-4ktch9-8rShYs-i2WYkb-8rPcHD-2gCdKV2-bsnyGL-5Jdbcy-VDm53d-AiujQB-p2mxSL-27L7HcB-7wQuNL-Tfati-obZmpX-igb8ut-ehBaGr-9UnGWs-bUFnmy-dtDTac-doagYm-b6fHJx-HrGTKQ-9DM3eq-YpPMmy-hoYAkN-b6fGbP-fPzccZ-7ArGfi-G2j2m8-b6fF68-Xp3S13-4gDGVY-b6fGqg" title="Swords"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1583/26001024422_76880e9047_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Swords"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*kladiwos</strong> means sword, and comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*kladeti</em> (to stab, dig), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kl̥h₂dʰ-é-ti</em>, from <em>*kelh₂-</em> (to beat, strike) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>claíomh</strong> [kl̪ˠiːvˠ/kl̪ˠiːw] = sword in Irish</li> <li><strong>claidheamh</strong> [kl̪ˠajəv] = sword in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>cliwe</strong> = sword in Manx</li> <li><strong>cleddyf</strong> [ˈklɛðɨ̞v/ˈkleːðɪv] = sword, blade, brace (<em>on a door or wall</em>) in Welsh</li> <li><strong>kledha</strong> = sword in Cornish</li> <li><strong>kleze</strong> [ˈkleː.ze] = sword, glaive (a light lance with a long, sharp-pointed head) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>sword</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/12/20/swords-spikes/">Swords & Spikes</a></p> <p>Words directly from the same Proto-Celtic root <em>*kladiwos</em> (sword) include <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, gavel) in Croatian, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, sledgehammer) in Czech, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, stamp, maul, hammerhead) in Slovak, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, sledgehammer) in Slovenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root <em>*kladiwos</em> (sword), via Gaulish <em>*kladyos</em> (sword), and Latin <em>gladius</em> (sword, death, a gladiatorial contest), possibly include <strong>gladiator</strong>, <strong>gladiolus</strong> and <strong>glaive</strong> in English, <strong>esglai</strong> (fright) in Catalan, <strong>ghiado</strong> (sword, dagger, knife, frost, cold), and <strong>giaggiolo</strong> (iris [flower]) in Italian, <strong>gládio</strong> (sword, power, strength) in Portuguese and <strong>glaïeul</strong> (gladiolus) in French [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gladius#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>calamity</strong>, <strong>clade</strong>, <strong>clergy</strong>, <strong>cleric</strong>, <strong>clerk</strong>, <strong>coup</strong>, and <strong>glaive</strong> in English, <strong>коля</strong> (kolja – to slaughter, butcher) in Bulgarian, <strong>kłoda </strong> (log, trunk, beehive, barrel) in Polish, and <strong>Holz</strong> (wood) in German [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Calamitous Swords"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3761&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Calamitous%20Swords" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=202" rel="category">Croatian (hrvatski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=63" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=72" rel="category">Slovak (slovenčina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=203" rel="category">Slovenian (slovenščina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3741" class="post-3741 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-french category-galician-galego category-gaulish category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-music category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-spanish tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-hound tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-sleuth tag-to-follow tag-to-pursue tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Follow That Hound!</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-11T21:42:58+00:00">11th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Follow That Hound!" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-11T21:42:58+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M45S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for hound and sleuth in Romance languages. The Proto-Celtic word sekʷetor means to follow, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor (to be following), from *sekʷ- (to follow)..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6455"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3741-5" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3?_=5" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3741-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="followthathound.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for <strong>hound</strong> and <strong>sleuth</strong> in Romance languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/geoftheref/6313957563/in/photolist-aBWFBi-9UHDwZ-5ZSZqS-5ZSSmN-5ZSYyw-m6da6-5ZNJ7r-kPDPWi-5ZNGGp-oeidih-5ZSXzf-4fYqku-2SV41q-4fX7wq-4fYqho-2gDGFTH-4ufSGn-2hvVUvn-4LNM6B-xpfwrJ-Fshf8-XpW2rM-62HMZo-nvNRfV-8JMz3D-nqnwkE-62HQWG-2jBjpGC-ab9KFe-5anatr-62Dye8-dk73wt-b5oGxK-joGoKY-b5p694-62HLpo-2mhQfgk-62HTeh-bUkp7Z-FBoQHk-hCF2Lg-62DvEk-62Dtmr-8ekUbv-67BkFP-Cie5zd-dk75n1-5arqUY-DGWWum-8dTXvg" title="Hunting Hounds"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/6216/6313957563_498a7c3975_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Hunting Hounds"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>sekʷetor</strong> means to follow, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*sékʷetor</em> (to be following), from <em>*sekʷ-</em> (to follow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sek%CA%B7etor">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: <strong>seicheamh</strong> (following, taking after, imitating, sequence, progression) and <strong>fosheicheamh</strong> (subsequence) in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seicheamh">source</a>], and <strong>sewya</strong> (to follow, result) in Cornish [<a href="https://archive.org/details/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft/page/320/mode/2up">source</a>].</p> <p>For more about words for <strong>(to) follow</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/01/11/pursuing-followers/">Pursuing Followers</a></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish (?) and Latin <em>segusius</em> (a hunting dog) include: <strong>sabuxo</strong> (hound) in Galician, <strong>segugio</strong> (hound, bloodhound, private eye, sleuth) in Spanish, and <strong>sabujo</strong> (hound, submissive person) in Portuguese [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sek%CA%B7etor">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include: <strong>associate</strong>, <strong>sector</strong>, <strong>sequence</strong>, <strong>society</strong>, <strong>(to) sue</strong>, <strong>suit</strong>, <strong>suite</strong> and <strong>subsequent</strong> in English, <strong>suivre</strong> (to follow) in French, <strong>segno</strong> (sign, mark, indication, target) in Italian, and <strong>seguir</strong> (to follow, continue, keep (on)) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sek%CA%B7-">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Follow That Hound!"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3741&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Follow%20That%20Hound%21" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3741&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Follow%20That%20Hound%21" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3741&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Follow%20That%20Hound%21" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=143" rel="category">Galician (galego)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=hound" rel="tag">hound</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=sleuth" rel="tag">sleuth</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=to-follow" rel="tag">to follow</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=to-pursue" rel="tag">to pursue</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741#comments">1 Comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3707" class="post-3707 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cimbrian-tzimbrisch category-cornish category-danish category-french category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-bro tag-broch tag-brugh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gaelic tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-pathways tag-podcast"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Country Gardens</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-12-08T15:03:50+00:00">8th December 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Country Gardens" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-12-08T15:03:50+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M09S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we uncover links between words for country and land in Celtic languages, and words for garden, wood and related things in other languages. Bodnant Garden / Gardd Bodnant The Proto-Celtic word *mrogis means border(land), march, mar..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6456"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3707-6" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3?_=6" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3707-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="countrygardens.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we uncover links between words for <strong>country</strong> and <strong>land</strong> in Celtic languages, and words for <strong>garden</strong>, <strong>wood</strong> and related things in other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/27480012075/in/album-72157680530437275" title="Bodnant"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7447/27480012075_d092212376_z.jpg" width="640" height="360" alt="Bodnant"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>Bodnant Garden / Gardd Bodnant </em></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*mrogis</strong> means border(land), march, mark, region, country, territory or province, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*mórǵs</em> (frontier, border) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mrogis">source</a>]</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>brugh</strong> = dwelling, mansion in Irish</li> <li><strong>brugh</strong> [bruh] = broch (a type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls – see below), fortified tower, large house, mansion, fairy mound in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>brogh</strong> = broch in Manx</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> [broː] = region, country, land, neighbourhood, border, limit, boundary in Welsh</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> = country, land in Cornish</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> [broː] = counry(-side) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>border</strong>, <strong>land</strong>, <strong>country</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2023/01/25/region-and-country/">Region and Country</a></p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/duncan/2275224652/in/photolist-4t482f-4tNDxn-4tSGh1-Gb1qbP-4KRvsQ-538mci-8XUDm5-5hbALx-8XRDgX-8XUHK1-5hbCix-d1uEMA-8xWZjV-8xQixU-5hbEbX-ajcVDM-d1uFDq-Ks2p7U-8XRDJD-d1uFdj-9nVPBx-8wfw2c-95SGNF-b4tChZ-95TDbT-jZCWc-9nVPBD-5Tfu18-jZDop-ajBp4N-8XV7to-qvijq-FZJfJz-Pto-Ptm-KwpnGf-qJBPzW-P3Mz9m-8Vu8e4-799eNm-8WjM3X-795Eht-8WjLNB-2gk1xph-8WjLW2-qviha-LzBxNk-pVQ94V-qvihZ-9srkUN" title="Mousa Broch"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2092/2275224652_5374218295_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Mousa Broch"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*brogis</em> and Latin <em>brogi-/broges</em>, include <strong>brolo</strong> (vegetable garden, orchard, grove) in Italian, and <strong>breuil</strong> (wood, copse, coppice) in French, <strong>bröol</strong> (a lawn or vegetable garden surrounding house) in Cimbrian, and <strong>Brühl</strong> (enclosed land, (wet/swampy) meadow) in German (<em>found mainly in place names</em>).</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>margin</strong>, and <strong>march</strong> (a border region; formal, rhythmic way of walking) in English, and <strong>marge</strong> (margin, markup) in French, <strong>marca</strong> (brand, make, trademark) in Italian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/margo#Latin">source</a>], <strong>Mark</strong> (a fortified border area, marches) in German, and <strong>mark</strong> (field) in Danish, as in <strong>Denmark</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mark%C5%8D">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Country Gardens"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=188" rel="category">Cimbrian (Tzimbrisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=bro" rel="tag">bro</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=broch" rel="tag">broch</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=brugh" rel="tag">brugh</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gaelic" rel="tag">gaelic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=pathways" rel="tag">pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3683" class="post-3683 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-albanian-shqip category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-german category-greek- category-irish category-language category-latin category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-sanskrit- category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-oak tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-tan tag-tannery tag-tannin tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Tan Oaks</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-23T13:51:25+00:00">23rd November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-23T14:36:10+00:00">23rd November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Tan Oaks" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-11-23T13:51:25+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M44S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words such as tan, tannin and Tannenbaum. The Proto-Celtic word *tannos means green oak, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰnwos/*(s)dʰonu (fir). Related words in the Celtic language..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.9" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6457"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3683-7" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3?_=7" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3683-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tanoaks.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="tanoaks.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words such as <strong>tan</strong>, <strong>tannin</strong> and <strong>Tannenbaum</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/treehouse1977/3978101840/in/photolist-74wP5L-8BjyYL-U5h1hU-qeY6Sr-qeY4Ui-qwjwZ9-24bjmU2-4wrr4-2oBmmJ6-J7pKYk-pxgvaP-2oMLYzF-2qdNpiC-2nD2Fh3-2pMiG9Q-25ivJZo-2qgj5X7-2qdG9hf-2pNUish-2oaao4D-2jJ38BR-2nSeimS-ovSnyy-2kJWsTG-2pN5Fx3-2kf4jwG-2kK1do9-2kJWtai-2izeouy-2iZtTAn-2mKaPC1-2kJWsX4-2pNTPJR-pzCcA4-2jz8f8m-2jz8f1Y-2izeozy-2BvRae-2jE6gGP-2ix3EpZ-qzkunt-bDEYrG-qeWpuX-4qiWna-8Qfjhc-2iujFii-2pgri8T-2jBTUvs-eQ4WN4-2jJ38xY" title="September"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2566/3978101840_687f5419bf_z.jpg" width="640" height="509" alt="September"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*tannos</strong> means green oak, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*(s)dʰnwos/*(s)dʰonu</em> (fir). </p> <p>Related words in the Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>tinne</strong> = the letter t in the Ogham alphabet (ᚈ) in Irish</li> <li><strong>tinne</strong> [tʲenə] = the letter t (ᚈ) in Ogham; gorse, whin, furze (archaic) in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>taneru</strong> = to tan (hide) in Welsh</li> <li><strong>glastanen gelyn</strong> = holm oak in Cornish</li> <li><strong>tann</strong> = sessile oaks in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>oak</strong> and related things, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/08/21/oaks/">Oak (trees)</a></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots, via Gaulish <em>*tannos</em> (oak) and Latin <em>tannum</em> (oak bark), include <strong>tan</strong> (pulped oak bark used in the tanning process of leather) in French, <strong>tano</strong> (stem, slip) in Galician, <strong>tanería</strong> (tannery) in Spanish, <strong>Tannenbaum</strong> (fir tree, Christmas tree) in German, <strong>θάμνος</strong> (thámnos – bush) in Greek, and <strong>tan</strong>, <strong>tannery</strong>, <strong>tannin</strong> (tannic acid) in English.</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>thanë</strong> (cranberry bush) in Albanian, and <strong>धनु</strong> (dhanu – bow, Sagittarius) in Sanskrit. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tannos">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Tan Oaks"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3683&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tan%20Oaks" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=65" rel="category">Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=oak" rel="tag">oak</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=tan" rel="tag">tan</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=tannery" rel="tag">tannery</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=tannin" rel="tag">tannin</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3683#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3642" class="post-3642 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-finnish-suomi category-french category-gaulish category-german category-icelandic category-language category-latin category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba category-middle-english category-occitan category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-spanish category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-omniglot tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Grinding Pebbles</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T21:07:01+00:00">9th November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-11T14:20:57+00:00">11th November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Grinding Pebbles" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-11-09T21:07:01+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M23S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode of the Celtic Pathways podcast, we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for gravel in English and other languages. Gravel [ˈɡɹævəl] is small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballas..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.0" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6458"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3642-8" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3?_=8" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3642-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/grindingpebbles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="grindingpebbles.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode of the Celtic Pathways podcast, we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>gravel</strong> in English and other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/darinmarshall/12547168/in/photolist-27iQu-BmtWKw-cPWUsu-piaWrC-5fJiLD-5fJim4-a8Q7CG-bMcxv6-ftVV8L-gNivNy-bbwU1g-h6AJ1U-9mxe4n-42WtR-fyw8qx-8p5y4j-dfZV1Q-6Qv7rN-kYvcpk-cdVSiL-byhS6s-8J54Nt-49YCvc-4qSWLV-5MVDUm-nEbaoR-6jWL38-gv3eJ-73iGzN-9AXiUS-nWDLWH-KnCR-5a56Qm-uPeD9-J3Mn5-nEamcu-cbASx1-s2P5CW-86diCA-cVvnRf-59Kyy7-Huins-6q94iJ-8vYm4N-2quR9-LEGRU-96t7o8-4LzQTS-j8N3wP-9zUErP" title="Roof Gravel"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/10/12547168_adadb92964_z.jpg" width="640" height="470" alt="Roof Gravel"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Gravel</strong> [ˈɡɹævəl] is small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast, and other things (other meanings are available).</p> <p>It comes from Middle English <strong>gravel / gravail(le)</strong> (sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles), from Old French <em>gravele</em> (gravel), a diminutive of <em>grave</em> (gravel, seashore), from Medieval Latin <em>grava</em>, possibly from Gaulish <em>grava</em>, from Proto-Celtic <em>grāwā</em> (gravel, pebbles), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gʰroh₁weh₂</em>, from <em>*gʰreh₁w-</em> (to grind) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gravel#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots in the modern Celtic languages include <strong>gro</strong> (gravel, shingle, gravelly shore, strand) in Welsh, <strong>grow</strong> (gravel) in Cornish, and <strong>grouan</strong> (gravel) in Breton [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gr%C4%81w%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>For more details of words for <strong>gravel</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/11/11/gritty-gravel/">Gritty Gravel</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic roots in the non-Celtic languages include <strong>grava</strong> (gravel) in Catalan, <strong>grève</strong> (flat, sandy land along the sea or a large river) in French, <strong>grava</strong> (gravel) in Spanish, and <strong>grave</strong> (gravel, shore, gravelly ground) in Occitan [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gr%C4%81w%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots in other languages include: <strong>grit</strong>, <strong>groat</strong>, <strong>grout</strong> and <strong>gruel</strong> in English, <strong>Grieß</strong> (semolina) in German, <strong>grjót</strong> (coarse stones, rubble) in Icelandic, <strong>gryt</strong> (a badger’s sett, a fox’s den) in Swedish, <strong>riutta</strong> (reef) in Finnish, and <strong>grúodas</strong> (frozen mud or earth) in Lithuanian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/greut%C4%85">source</a>]. </p> <p>Incidentally, one Old English word for gravel was <em>ċeosol</em> [ˈtʃeo.sol], which comes from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*kesul</em> (small stone, pebble). This became <strong>chisel</strong> and <strong>chessil</strong> (gravel or pebbles) in modern English, and is cognate with <strong>Kiesel</strong> (pebble) in German, <strong>kiezel</strong> (pebble, flint, silicon) in Dutch, and <strong>kisel</strong> (silicon) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ceosol#Old_English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Grinding Pebbles"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3642&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Grinding%20Pebbles" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3642&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Grinding%20Pebbles" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3642&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Grinding%20Pebbles" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=115" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=125" rel="category">Finnish (suomi)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=29" rel="category">Icelandic (Íslenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=156" rel="category">Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=154" rel="category">Occitan</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=109" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=119" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3642#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3613" class="post-3613 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-ancient-greek- category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-finnish-suomi category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Oaken Larches</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3613" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-26T14:32:02+00:00">26th October 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-10-26T14:33:14+00:00">26th October 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Oaken Larches" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-10-26T14:32:02+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M16S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for larch (tree) in various non-Celtic languages. A larch [ˈlɑːtʃ/ˈlɑɹtʃ] is a confierous tree of the genus Larix having deciduous leaves in fascicles (bundles). The most common type o..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6459"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3613-9" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3?_=9" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3613-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/oakenlarches.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="oakenlarches.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>larch</strong> (tree) in various non-Celtic languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/superdove/39870338794/in/photolist-23KcUEo-ztvVoC-db2dk8-2m73nzd-db2aTV-db2huJ-F9feA2-TcHPrj-dzE86X-7XUXMH-wkCZTk-zJZW6Y-eez89q-7XYdqb-r3r1e8-F7JWGg-zLMXrE-25Pm1bz-dzKCWW-6WK7Zy-yRFbHi-2i661mT-2jN1xo8-763k68-SbA7D8-SRz2J1-tAWSyh-Tryhk8-zu1QK3-2o1iJVp-AMSCed-7ShZPa-9D2G9D-HwfDiV-AjtmNw-tTx8H6-Hwf9mY-6WK7c1-FawhbW-njyE7c-7SmgQN-dzKBjY-dzE9CP-dzE8WM-9mbqQV-TgpinQ-24rgiH-7VLCRG-zMya6Z-e6rbT" title="Walk In A Larch Wood"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4662/39870338794_0156c90dd3_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Walk In A Larch Wood"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>larch</strong> [ˈlɑːtʃ/ˈlɑɹtʃ] is a confierous tree of the genus <em>Larix</em> having deciduous leaves in fascicles (bundles). The most common type of larch tree in Europe is the <strong>European larch</strong> (<em>Larix decidua</em>), which is native to northern Italy. Other types of larch are availble.</p> <p>The English word <strong>larch</strong> comes from early modern German <em>Larche/Lärche</em>, from Middle High German <em>larche</em>, from Old High German <em>larihha</em>, from Latin <em>larix</em> (larch), from Ancient Greek <em>λάριξ</em> (lárix – larch, Venice turpentine*), possibly from Gaulish <em>*devro</em> (oak?) from Proto-Celtic <em>*daru</em> (oak), from PIE <em>*dóru</em> (tree) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larch#English">source</a>].</p> <p><em><strong>*Venice turpentine</strong> = A thick substance made from the tree resin of the European larch (<em>Larix decidua</em>), formerly used as a component in the oil paintings to create glossy, translucent glazes [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Venice_turpentine#English">source</a>].</em></p> <p>Words in the modern Celtic languages from the same Proto-Celtic root include: <strong>dair</strong> [d̪ˠaɾʲ] (oak) in Irish, <strong>dair</strong> [darʲ] (oak) in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>darragh</strong> (oak) in Manx, <strong>dâr</strong> [ˈdaːr] (oak tree, leader, mighty lord) in Welsh, <strong>dar</strong> [daːr / dæːr] (oak) in Cornish, and <strong>dar</strong> [dɑːr] (oak) in Breton [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/daru">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root in other languages include: <strong>làrix</strong> in Catalan, <strong>lariks</strong> in Dutch <strong>learag</strong> in Scottish Gaelic, <strong>larch</strong> in English, <strong>Lärche</strong> in German, and <strong>lærk</strong> in Danish, all of which mean <strong>larch</strong> (tree) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/larix#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the French word <strong>mélèze</strong> (larch) has doubly Celtic roots: it comes from Franco-Provençal (Dauphinois) <em>melèzo</em> (larch tree), from Vulgar Latin <em>*melice</em> (larch), from Gaulish <em>*mel-</em> (larch) and Latin <em>larix</em> (larch). The Gaulish word <em>*mel-</em> comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*meli</em> (honey) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A9l%C3%A8ze">source</a>]. </p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>δόρυ</strong> (dóry – spear) in Greek, <strong>terva</strong> (tar) in Finnish, <strong>dearbh</strong> (sure, certain) in Irish, <strong>tree</strong>, <strong>trim</strong>, and <strong>trough</strong> and <strong>true</strong> in English, and <strong>trä</strong> (wood) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d%C3%B3ru">source</a>]. </p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/08/21/oaks/">Oak (trees)</a> for more details of words for <strong>oak</strong> and related things in Celtic languages. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. 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class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3596" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Garters</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3596" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-10-12T13:00:54+00:00">12th October 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Garters" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-10-12T13:00:54+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M07S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode, we discover the Celtic roots of words for garter in English and French. The English word garter refers to a band around the leg to hold up a sock or stocking. It comes from Old Northern French gartier (garter), from Old French gar..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/garters.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.3" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_6460"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3596-10" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/garters.mp3?_=10" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/garters.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/garters.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/garters.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3596-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/garters.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="garters.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode, we discover the Celtic roots of words for <strong>garter</strong> in English and French.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/4221450568/in/photolist-7r33bu-h9yGa-2oLr524-8NXCpB-7zoLZC-7zjZRV-6haL62-4MAvw1-bsqmR3-8auYn7-5nWWd9-8uD8jF-2q1qAro-bUAsqk-cbXFMU-km4Ve-ncwdq-eQ9Mu2-PXKfb-cbXFBo-oxRTYh-fht2dS-89h9FC-rpurih-KTUD-2wi7cA-aanjLD-quMPjo-LXqVK2-4GvbJz-cpUjwf-eQ9MH6-J96J7-8a8XkB-cceybE-6DrCgc-2m1yLV3-FhXMm9-aC3FVy-AtWsTX-XvgWRL-2fP4wEA-75HxjK-5uPVpU-FzGbj-bEYrji-cpUhZw-bUSiFF-Dc6oCd-ic5tm" title="Garter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4013/4221450568_3e2c92cddf_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Garter"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The English word <strong>garter</strong> refers to a band around the leg to hold up a sock or stocking. It comes from Old Northern French <em>gartier</em> (garter), from Old French <em>garet</em> (knee, leg), from Vulgar Latin <em>*garra</em> (shank, calf), from Gaulish <em>*garrā</em> (leg), from Proto-Celtic <em>*garros</em> (calf, shank), possibly from PIE <em>*ǵʰes-</em> (hand, to take) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/garter#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words in the modern Celtic languages from the same Proto-Celtic root include: <strong>gar</strong> [ɡar] (leg, shank, thigh, ham) in Welsh, <strong>garr</strong> [ɡarː/ɡɒr] (leg, stem) in Cornish, and <strong>gar</strong> [ɡɑːr] (leg, paw) in Breton [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garros">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root in other languages include: <strong>jarret</strong> (hock) and <strong>jarretière</strong> (garter) in French, and possibly <strong>garra</strong> (claw, talon, hand, paw, spirit) in Spanish, and <strong>garra</strong> (shank, tail, claw) in Catalan [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Latin/garra">source</a>]. </p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>chiropractor</strong>, <strong>million</strong> and <strong>surgeon</strong> in English; <strong>dorë</strong> (hand) in Albanian; <strong>paže</strong> (arm) in Czech, and <strong>pažastis</strong> (armpit) in Lithuanian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%C7%B5%CA%B0es-">source</a>].</p> <p><strong>Chiropractor</strong> comes from Ancient Greek <em>χείρ</em> (kheír – hand) & <em>πρᾶξις</em> (prâxis – action, activity, practice) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chiropractor">source</a>]; <strong>million</strong> comes ultimately from the PIE root <em>*ǵʰéslom</em> (thousand) or literally “full hand” [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%C7%B5%CA%B0%C3%A9slom">source</a>]; and <strong>surgeon</strong> comes from Ancient Greek <em>χειρουργός</em> (kheirourgós – craftsman, surgeon), from <em>χείρ</em> (kheír – hand) & <em>ἔργον</em> (érgon – work) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surgeon#English">source</a>]</p> <p>Incidentally, the English word <strong>hock</strong> [hɒk/hɑk] (also written <strong>hough</strong>) can refer to the hollow behind the knee, the tarsal joint of an animal such as a horse or pig, and the meat from that part of an animal. It’s also the name of a type of wine from the Hochheim region of Germany [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hock#English">source</a>].</p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2018/11/17/legs-feet/">Legs & Feet</a> for more details of words for <strong>shank</strong>, <strong>calf</strong>, <strong>leg</strong>, <strong>foot</strong> and related things in Celtic languages. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. 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