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Michael Donoghue - Wikipedia

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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American evolutionary biologist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Irish hurling manager and former player, see <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Donoghue" title="Micheál Donoghue">Micheál Donoghue</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michael Donoghue</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Donoghue</b> is an American evolutionary biologist, currently the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Professor" title="Sterling Professor">Sterling Professor</a> of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, and also a published author.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Donoghue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Donoghue earned a bachelor's degree in Botany and Plant Pathology from <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> in 1979. He attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> for his postgraduate work, attaining a Ph.D. in 1984. He found employment at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a> from 1982 to 1985, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> from 1985 to 1992, Harvard University from 1992 to 2000, and finally <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donoghue was also previously the Glaser Distinguished Visiting Professor at <a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a>. He is a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Botanical Society of America">Botanical Society of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">Donoghue</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Donoghue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeb.yale.edu/people/faculty/michael-donoghue">"Michael Donoghue | Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology"</a>. <i>eeb.yale.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=eeb.yale.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Michael+Donoghue+%7C+Department+of+Ecology+%26+Evolutionary+Biology&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeb.yale.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fmichael-donoghue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aspt.net/news-blog/2017/7/6/hans-walter-lack-receives-the-aspt-peter-raven-award-fjpmy-2xy47">"Michael Donoghue Receives the 2017 ASPT Asa Gray Award"</a>. <i>American Society of Plant Taxonomists</i>. 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Society+of+Plant+Taxonomists&amp;rft.atitle=Michael+Donoghue+Receives+the+2017+ASPT+Asa+Gray+Award&amp;rft.date=2017-07-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspt.net%2Fnews-blog%2F2017%2F7%2F6%2Fhans-walter-lack-receives-the-aspt-peter-raven-award-fjpmy-2xy47&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eeb.yale.edu/people/faculty/michael-donoghue">"Michael Donoghue"</a>. yale.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Donoghue&amp;rft.pub=yale.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feeb.yale.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fmichael-donoghue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J67CrV8AAAAJ&amp;hl=en">"Michael Donoghue"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Donoghue&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fcitations%3Fuser%3DJ67CrV8AAAAJ%26hl%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90633365/">"Donoghue, Michael"</a>. worldcat.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Donoghue%2C+Michael&amp;rft.pub=worldcat.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Fidentities%2Flccn-n90633365%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donoghuelab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Donoghue_CV_2015Oct22_full.pdf">"CV"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. yale.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=CV&amp;rft.pub=yale.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdonoghuelab.yale.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FDonoghue_CV_2015Oct22_full.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://botany.org/home/about/current-officers.html">"Current Officers of the Botanical Society of America"</a>. <i>The Botanical Society of America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Botanical+Society+of+America&amp;rft.atitle=Current+Officers+of+the+Botanical+Society+of+America&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbotany.org%2Fhome%2Fabout%2Fcurrent-officers.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Donoghue"><i>&#160;Donoghue</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=+Donoghue&amp;rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DDonoghue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Donoghue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Botanical Society of America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Botanical Society of America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Society_of_America" title="Botanical Society of America">Botanical Society of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1894–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Trelease" title="William Trelease">William Trelease</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edwin_Bessey" title="Charles Edwin Bessey">Charles Edwin Bessey</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Merle_Coulter" title="John Merle Coulter">John Merle Coulter</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton" title="Nathaniel Lord Britton">Nathaniel Lord Britton</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Marcus_Underwood" title="Lucien Marcus Underwood">Lucien Marcus Underwood</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln_Robinson" title="Benjamin Lincoln Robinson">Benjamin Lincoln Robinson</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Halsted" title="Byron Halsted">Byron Halsted</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Charles_Arthur" title="Joseph Charles Arthur">Joseph Charles Arthur</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Thomas_Galloway" title="Beverly Thomas Galloway">Beverly Thomas Galloway</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Reid_Barnes" title="Charles Reid Barnes">Charles Reid Barnes</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Almer_Harper" title="Robert Almer Harper">Robert Almer Harper</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ashbrook_Kellerman" title="William Ashbrook Kellerman">William Ashbrook Kellerman</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Sumner_Earle" title="Franklin Sumner Earle">Franklin Sumner Earle</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Atkinson" title="George Francis Atkinson">George Francis Atkinson</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Ganong" title="William Francis Ganong">William Francis Ganong</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Thaxter" title="Roland Thaxter">Roland Thaxter</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Frink_Smith" title="Erwin Frink Smith">Erwin Frink Smith</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gilson_Farlow" title="William Gilson Farlow">William Gilson Farlow</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Ralph_Jones" title="Lewis Ralph Jones">Lewis Ralph Jones</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton_Campbell" title="Douglas Houghton Campbell">Douglas Houghton Campbell</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Hitchcock" title="A. S. Hitchcock">A. S. Hitchcock</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Merle_Coulter" title="John Merle Coulter">John Merle Coulter</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Almer_Harper" title="Robert Almer Harper">Robert Almer Harper</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Newcombe" title="Frederick Charles Newcombe">Frederick Charles Newcombe</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trelease" title="William Trelease">William Trelease</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Charles_Arthur" title="Joseph Charles Arthur">Joseph Charles Arthur</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton" title="Nathaniel Lord Britton">Nathaniel Lord Britton</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Elmer_Allen" title="Charles Elmer Allen">Charles Elmer Allen</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chandler_Cowles" title="Henry Chandler Cowles">Henry Chandler Cowles</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Minge_Duggar" title="Benjamin Minge Duggar">Benjamin Minge Duggar</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chambers_Coker" title="William Chambers Coker">William Chambers Coker</a> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_R._Schramm" title="Jacob R. Schramm">Jacob R. Schramm</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hyde_Bailey" title="Liberty Hyde Bailey">Liberty Hyde Bailey</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Harris_Bartlett" title="Harley Harris Bartlett">Harley Harris Bartlett</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henry_Reginald_Buller" title="Arthur Henry Reginald Buller">Arthur Henry Reginald Buller</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Clay_Ferguson" title="Margaret Clay Ferguson">Margaret Clay Ferguson</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_W._Sharp" title="Lester W. Sharp">Lester W. Sharp</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Charles Joseph Chamberlain">Charles Joseph Chamberlain</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_James_Peirce" title="George James Peirce">George James Peirce</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Jacob_Kraus" title="Ezra Jacob Kraus">Ezra Jacob Kraus</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Merrill" class="mw-redirect" title="E. D. Merrill">E. D. Merrill</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aven_Nelson" title="Aven Nelson">Aven Nelson</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Stuart_Gager" title="C. Stuart Gager">C. Stuart Gager</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ware_Sinnott" title="Edmund Ware Sinnott">Edmund Ware Sinnott</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Johnson_Eames" title="Arthur Johnson Eames">Arthur Johnson Eames</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_McKay_Wiegand" title="Karl McKay Wiegand">Karl McKay Wiegand</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Nelson_Transeau" title="Edgar Nelson Transeau">Edgar Nelson Transeau</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Theodore_Buchholz" title="John Theodore Buchholz">John Theodore Buchholz</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merritt_Lyndon_Fernald" title="Merritt Lyndon Fernald">Merritt Lyndon Fernald</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jacob_Robbins" title="William Jacob Robbins">William Jacob Robbins</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Morgan_Smith" title="Gilbert Morgan Smith">Gilbert Morgan Smith</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Widmer_Bailey" title="Irving Widmer Bailey">Irving Widmer Bailey</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Everett_Stevens" title="Neil Everett Stevens">Neil Everett Stevens</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Erskine_Cleland" title="Ralph Erskine Cleland">Ralph Erskine Cleland</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Gleason_(botanist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry A. Gleason (botanist)">Henry Allan Gleason</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivey_Foreman_Lewis" title="Ivey Foreman Lewis">Ivey Foreman Lewis</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Francis_Blakeslee" title="Albert Francis Blakeslee">Albert Francis Blakeslee</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Anderson" title="Edgar Anderson">Edgar Anderson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Wetmore" title="Ralph H. Wetmore">Ralph H. Wetmore</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriance_S._Foster" title="Adriance S. Foster">Adriance S. Foster</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Tippo" title="Oswald Tippo">Oswald Tippo</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Creighton" title="Harriet Creighton">Harriet Creighton</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sherman_Avery,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George Sherman Avery, Jr.">George Sherman Avery, Jr.</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Warmolt_Went" title="Frits Warmolt Went">Frits Warmolt Went</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_Steere" class="mw-redirect" title="William Campbell Steere">William Campbell Steere</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_V._Thimann" title="Kenneth V. Thimann">Kenneth V. Thimann</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Cheadle" title="Vernon Cheadle">Vernon Cheadle</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">G. Ledyard Stebbins</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_John_Alexopoulos" title="Constantine John Alexopoulos">Constantine John Alexopoulos</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Kramer" title="Paul J. Kramer">Paul J. Kramer</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_John_Sharp" title="Aaron John Sharp">Aaron John Sharp</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Charles_Bold" title="Harold Charles Bold">Harold Charles Bold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Emerson_(botanist)" title="Ralph Emerson (botanist)">Ralph Emerson</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Galston" title="Arthur Galston">Arthur Galston</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Parker_Banks" title="Harlan Parker Banks">Harlan Parker Banks</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Constance" title="Lincoln Constance">Lincoln Constance</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Starr" title="Richard C. Starr">Richard C. Starr</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Heimsch" title="Charles Heimsch">Charles Heimsch</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cronquist" title="Arthur Cronquist">Arthur Cronquist</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Delevoryas" title="Theodore Delevoryas">Theodore Delevoryas</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Frances_Palser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Frances Palser (page does not exist)">Barbara Frances Palser</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Wagner" title="Warren H. Wagner">Warren H. Wagner</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_August_Jensen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William August Jensen (page does not exist)">William August Jensen</a> ( 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_George_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert George Baker">Herbert George Baker</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bixler_Heiser" title="Charles Bixler Heiser">Charles Bixler Heiser</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kern_Holmgren" title="Patricia Kern Holmgren">Patricia Kern Holmgren</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_M._Gifford,_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest M. Gifford, Jr. (page does not exist)">Ernest M. Gifford, Jr.</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_D._Webster" title="Barbara D. Webster">Barbara D. Webster</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Esther_Mathias" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildred Esther Mathias">Mildred Esther Mathias</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Louis_Stern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Louis Stern (page does not exist)">William Louis Stern</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Franklin_Evert&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Franklin Evert (page does not exist)">Ray Franklin Evert</a> (1986–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Cotter_Tucker" title="Shirley Cotter Tucker">Shirley Cotter Tucker</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Hardy_Eshbaugh" title="W. Hardy Eshbaugh">W. Hardy Eshbaugh</a> (1988–89)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Leonard_Dilcher&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Leonard Dilcher (page does not exist)">David Leonard Dilcher</a> (1989–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_B._Simpson" title="Beryl B. Simpson">Beryl B. Simpson</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Louis_Culberson" title="William Louis Culberson">William Louis Culberson</a> (1991–92)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Joseph_Anderson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Joseph Anderson (page does not exist)">Gregory Joseph Anderson</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Webster" title="Grady Webster">Grady Webster</a> (1993–94)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_T._Horner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry T. Horner (page does not exist)">Harry T. Horner</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_A._Schaal" title="Barbara A. Schaal">Barbara A. Schaal</a> (1995–96)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Crawford_(botanist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Crawford (botanist) (page does not exist)">Daniel Crawford</a> (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Dengler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Dengler (page does not exist)">Nancy Dengler</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_C._Baskin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol C. Baskin (page does not exist)">Carol C. Baskin</a> (1998–99)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Soltis" title="Douglas E. Soltis">Douglas E. Soltis</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_G._Gensel" title="Patricia G. Gensel">Patricia G. Gensel</a> (2000–1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Jernstedt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Judy Jernstedt (page does not exist)">Judy Jernstedt</a> (2001–2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_D._Russell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott D. Russell (page does not exist)">Scott D. Russell</a> (2002–3)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_E._Graham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda E. Graham (page does not exist)">Linda E. Graham</a> (2003–4)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_A._Snow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison A. Snow (page does not exist)">Allison A. Snow</a> (2004–5)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_L._Schneider_(botanist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward L. Schneider (botanist) (page does not exist)">Edward L. Schneider</a> (2005–6)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_H._Haufler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher H. Haufler (page does not exist)">Christopher H. Haufler</a> (2006–7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Soltis" title="Pamela S. Soltis">Pamela S. Soltis</a> (2007–8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_J._Niklas" title="Karl J. Niklas">Karl J. Niklas</a> (2008–9)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kent_Holsinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kent Holsinger (page does not exist)">Kent Holsinger</a> (2009–10)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Skog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Skog (page does not exist)">Judith Skog</a> (2010–11)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_G._Weller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen G. Weller (page does not exist)">Stephen G. Weller</a> (2011–12)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Kellogg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Kellogg (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Kellogg</a> (2012–13)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamela_Diggle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamela Diggle (page does not exist)">Pamela Diggle</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Ranker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Ranker (page does not exist)">Tom Ranker</a> (2014–15)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Olmstead&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Olmstead (page does not exist)">Richard Olmstead</a> (2015–16)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Uno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Uno (page does not exist)">Gordon Uno</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Rieseberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Loren Rieseberg">Loren Rieseberg</a> (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Wolfe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Wolfe (page does not exist)">Andrea Wolfe</a> (2018–19)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Watson_(botanist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Watson (botanist) (page does not exist)">Linda Watson</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_S._Jones&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia S. Jones (page does not exist)">Cynthia S. Jones</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Donoghue</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivian_Negron-Ortiz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivian Negron-Ortiz (page does not exist)">Vivian Negron-Ortiz</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Molano-Flores&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Molano-Flores (page does not exist)">Brenda Molano-Flores</a> (2023–24)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Xiang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Xiang (page does not exist)">Jenny Xiang</a> (2024–2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5481381#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5481381#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5481381#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083334145">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109550330">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11676891">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfcRPJWvJh8wBdbXt8Hmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122776202X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86870979">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2003004562">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=xx0220593&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p271403667">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4083664">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201100459">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007439650205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14966788?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Donoghue">International Plant Names Index</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-4831">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=61145">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J67CrV8AAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/090418018">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/53px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-35px; margin-right:5px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scientist.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Scientist icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Scientist.svg/30px-Scientist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Scientist.svg/45px-Scientist.svg.png 1.5x, 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