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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آدو موكا سفاناسانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آدو موكا سفاناسانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhomukha_Shvanasana" title="Adhomukha Shvanasana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Adhomukha Shvanasana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adho_mukha_%C5%A1van%C3%A1sana" title="Adho mukha švanásana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adho mukha švanásana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adho_Mukha_Svanasana_(Ci_ar_i_Lawr)" title="Adho Mukha Svanasana (Ci ar i Lawr) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adho Mukha Svanasana (Ci ar i Lawr)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhomukha_Shvanasana" title="Adhomukha Shvanasana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adhomukha Shvanasana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B3%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="تعظیم سگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تعظیم سگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adho_Mukha_Svanasana" title="Adho Mukha Svanasana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adho Mukha Svanasana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A8" title="અધોમુક્ત શ્વાનાસન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અધોમુક્ત શ્વાનાસન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adho_mukha_svanasana" title="Adho mukha svanasana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adho mukha svanasana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="अधोमुख श्वानासन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अधोमुख श्वानासन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adho_mukha_svanasana" title="Adho mukha svanasana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adho mukha svanasana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="अधोमुखश्वानासन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अधोमुखश्वानासन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Адхо мукха шванасана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адхо мукха шванасана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned%C3%A5tg%C3%A5ende_hund" title="Nedåtgående hund – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nedåtgående hund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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For the television series, see <a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_(TV_series)" title="Downward Dog (TV series)">Downward Dog (TV series)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG/280px-Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG/420px-Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG/560px-Downward-Facing-Dog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="1493" /></a><figcaption>Downward Dog Pose</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/40px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Downward Dog Pose</b> or <b>Downward-facing Dog Pose</b>, also called <b>Adho Mukha Svanasana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">अधोमुखश्वानासन</span>; <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i>Adho Mukha Śvānāsana</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VanEs2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanEs2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CalhounCalhoun2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CalhounCalhoun2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an inversion <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asana</a>, often practised as part of a flowing sequence of poses, especially <a href="/wiki/Surya_Namaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Surya Namaskar">Surya Namaskar</a>, the Salute to the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-ashtangayoga.info_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashtangayoga.info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The asana is commonly used in modern <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a>. The asana does not have formally named variations, but several playful variants are used to assist beginning practitioners to become comfortable in the pose. </p><p>Downward Dog stretches the hamstring and calf muscles in the backs of the legs, and builds strength in the shoulders. Some popular sites have advised against it during pregnancy, but an experimental study of pregnant women found it beneficial.<sup id="cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolisGussman2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Downward Dog has been called "deservedly one of yoga's most widely recognized yoga poses"<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_recognised_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ_recognised-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "quintessential yoga pose".<sup id="cite_ref-McLennan_2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLennan_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such it is often the asana of choice when yoga is depicted in film, literature, and advertising. The pose has frequently appeared in Western culture, including in the titles of novels, a painting, and a television series, and it is implied in the commercial name, <a href="/wiki/Lenovo_Yoga" title="Lenovo Yoga">"YOGΛ"</a>, of a foldable computer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origins">Etymology and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg/260px-Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg/390px-Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg/520px-Gajasana_in_Sritattvanidhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Gajāsana, Elephant Pose. Hand-drawn illustration in <i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i>, 19th century Mysore Palace manuscript. The instruction to perform this pose "over and over again" in the 18th century <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%C8%9Bh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hațhābhyāsapaddhati">Hațhābhyāsapaddhati</a></i> is suggestive of the repetition of Downward Dog in the <a href="/wiki/Surya_Namaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Surya Namaskar">Surya Namaskar</a> sequence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124,_"the_Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati's_Gajāsana_(elephant_posture)_involves_repetitions_of_what_is_today_known_as_the_adhomukhaśvanāsana_(downward_dog),_a_constituent_of_the_modern_sun_salutation"_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124,_"the_Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati's_Gajāsana_(elephant_posture)_involves_repetitions_of_what_is_today_known_as_the_adhomukhaśvanāsana_(downward_dog),_a_constituent_of_the_modern_sun_salutation"-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The name comes from the pose's similarity to the way a dog stretches when getting up. The Sanskrit name is from <i>adhas</i> (अधस्) meaning "down", <i>mukha</i> (मुख) meaning "face", <i>śvāna</i> (श्वान) meaning "dog",<sup id="cite_ref-ashtangayoga.info_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashtangayoga.info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>āsana</i> (आसन) meaning "posture" or "seat".<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha1996_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name is not found in the medieval <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a> texts, but a similar posture, <i>Gajāsana</i> (Elephant Pose), was described in the 18th century <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati</a></i>; the text calls for it to be repeated "over and over again" from a prone position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pant_Pratinidhi_1928_Surya_Namaskar_Sequence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d8/Pant_Pratinidhi_1928_Surya_Namaskar_Sequence.jpg" decoding="async" width="374" height="264" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bhawanrao_Shriniwasrao_Pant_Pratinidhi" title="Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi">Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi</a> popularised the <a href="/wiki/Surya_Namaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Surya Namaskar">Sun Salutation</a> in his 1928 book. The sequence uses Downward Dog Pose twice (numbers 4 and 7).<sup id="cite_ref-PP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A similar pose, together with a 5-count format and a method of jumps between poses resembling <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a>'s system, was described in <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Niels Bukh</a>'s early 20th century Danish text <i>Primitive Gymnastics</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBukh201038_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBukh201038-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn was derived from a 19th-century Scandinavian tradition of gymnastics; the system had arrived in India by the 1920s. Indian gymnastics, too, had a system of postures, called "dands" (from Sanskrit दण्ड <i>daṇḍa</i>, a staff<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), linked by jumps, and one of the dands is close to Downward Dog.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, in the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Bhawanrao_Shriniwasrao_Pant_Pratinidhi" title="Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi">Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi</a>, the Rajah of <a href="/wiki/Aundh_State" title="Aundh State">Aundh</a>, (1868–1951; in office 1909–1947) popularized and named the practice of <a href="/wiki/Surya_Namaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Surya Namaskar">Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation)</a>, describing it in his 1928 book <i>The Ten-Point Way to Health: Surya Namaskars</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PP_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Downward Dog appears twice in its sequence of 12 postures.<sup id="cite_ref-PP_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither the dand exercises nor Surya Namaskar were considered to be yoga in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a> incorporated Downward Dog into his system of exercises in the early 1930s, from where it was taken up by his pupil the influential yoga teacher <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He in turn taught <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pattabhi_Jois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattabhi Jois">Pattabhi Jois</a>, the founders of <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> respectively. Both styles make some use of <a href="/wiki/Vinyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyasa">vinyasas</a>, sequences of postures often including Downward Dog with movements between them, to connect up the main postures in a class.<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010200–206_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton2010200–206-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern "flow" yoga styles, which can be vigorous, are based on the vinyasa approach.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pose has the head down, ultimately touching the floor, with the weight of the body on the palms and the feet. The arms are stretched straight forward, shoulder width apart; the feet are a foot apart, the legs are straight, and the hips are raised as high as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979110–111_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979110–111-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pose is approached differently in different schools of yoga. In <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a>, the pose can be entered from a prone position, with the hands beside the chest, setting the distance between hands and feet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979110–111_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979110–111-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In schools such as <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivananda Yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a>, the pose is practiced as part of Surya Namaskar, the Salute to the Sun, for example following <a href="/wiki/Urdhva_Mukha_Shvanasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana">Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana</a> (Upward Dog Pose) by exhaling, curling the toes under, and raising the hips.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell198334–35_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELidell198334–35-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a>, the pose is named Parvatasana, Mountain Pose, the hands and feet somewhat closer to each other so that the angle at the hips is sharper; it is entered from a lunge (<a href="/wiki/Anjaneyasana" title="Anjaneyasana">Ashwa Sanchalanasana</a>) in a variant of Surya Namaskar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraswati2003166_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraswati2003166-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Downward Dog is a restorative pose for experienced practitioners, but can be hard work for beginners. The pose can be varied by bending the knees, allowing the heels to lift slightly;<sup id="cite_ref-Motz_2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motz_2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by supporting the heels, such as with a rolled-up <a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">yoga mat</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Motz_2015_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motz_2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by lowering one forearm to the floor, extending the other hand forward; and by combinations of these.<sup id="cite_ref-Motz_2015_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motz_2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other variations include bending one knee and lowering the hip on that side;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushman201462–64_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECushman201462–64-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alternately "pedalling" by bending one knee and raising the ankle on that side, then the other, and then hooking each foot in turn behind the other ankle;<sup id="cite_ref-Copham_2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copham_2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> raising one leg, either stretching it straight out, or bending the knee, and flexing and extending the foot;<sup id="cite_ref-Copham_2016_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copham_2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buchanan_2019_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buchanan_2019-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alternating between bending both knees and straightening the legs while bringing the shoulders forward directly above the hands;<sup id="cite_ref-Copham_2016_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copham_2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and twisting the body, reaching back with one hand to grasp the opposite ankle.<sup id="cite_ref-Copham_2016_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copham_2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buchanan_2019_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buchanan_2019-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variety of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_with_props" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga with props">props can be used to assist</a> in Downward Dog. For example, the pose can be supported with a strap from a secure waist-level wall anchor around the hips, or with a bolster under the forehead—combined if required with a rolled blanket or towel under the feet.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelley_2019_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelley_2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pose can also be modified with the back horizontal and the hands on top of the back of a chair, putting less pressure on the shoulders; this is useful for people with an injury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwanson2019125_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwanson2019125-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_and_contra-indications">Effects and contra-indications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Effects and contra-indications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Downward Dog has positive effects on the <a href="/wiki/Musculoskeletal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculoskeletal system">musculoskeletal system</a>. It stretches the <a href="/wiki/Hamstring" title="Hamstring">hamstring</a> and calf muscles in the backs of the legs and builds strength in the shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwanson2019124–127_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwanson2019124–127-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pose has sometimes been advised against during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a> in popular sources,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that advice has been contested by a 2015 study which found no ill-effects on healthy women between 35 and 37 weeks pregnant from any of the 26 asanas investigated, including Downward Dog.<sup id="cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolisGussman2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors stated that contrary to the earlier claims, there was evidence that <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women#Pregnancy" title="Yoga for women">yoga was suitable for pregnant women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolisGussman2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CurtisWeinrib2012_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CurtisWeinrib2012-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twentieth-century yoga gurus such as <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a> made claims for the <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">effects of yoga on specific organs</a>, without adducing any evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcombe2019203–227,_Chapter_"Yoga_as_Therapy"_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcombe2019203–227,_Chapter_"Yoga_as_Therapy"-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJain201582–83_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain201582–83-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iyengar claimed that Downward Dog "remove[d] fatigue", especially for runners. He claimed that <a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">sprinters</a> would develop "speed and lightness in the legs",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979111–112_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979111–112-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the pose would soften <a href="/wiki/Calcaneal_spur" title="Calcaneal spur">calcaneal spurs</a>, strengthen the ankles, counteract stiffness and <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> in the shoulders, strengthen the abdominal muscles, and slow the heart.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979111–112_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1979111–112-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_(15356226748).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_%2815356226748%29.jpg/220px-Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_%2815356226748%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_%2815356226748%29.jpg/330px-Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_%2815356226748%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_%2815356226748%29.jpg/440px-Lenovo_YOGA_3_Pro_%2815356226748%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The foldable <a href="/wiki/Lenovo_Yoga" title="Lenovo Yoga">Lenovo "YOGΛ"</a> computer<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i> has called Downward Dog "deservedly one of yoga's most widely recognized yoga poses".<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_recognised_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ_recognised-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tico_Times" title="The Tico Times">The Tico Times</a></i> and others have called it the "quintessential yoga pose",<sup id="cite_ref-McLennan_2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLennan_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shelley_2019_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelley_2019-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noting that it is often chosen by film-makers when they need to depict a yoga class in progress.<sup id="cite_ref-McLennan_2011_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLennan_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukti Jane Campion, presenter of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> programme <i>The Secret History of Yoga</i>, called the pose "iconic".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Downward Dog has been used in advertising for the <a href="/wiki/Lenovo_Yoga" title="Lenovo Yoga">Lenovo "YOGΛ"</a> device which can be folded (hence its name) to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Laptop_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laptop computer">laptop computer</a> or as a <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_2014_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A form of yoga practised by dog owners with their dogs, <a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a>, founded in America at the start of the 21st century, is typified by dog pose, though the author and Doga teacher Mahny Djahanguiri states that whatever the appearance, dogs do not really do yoga.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2009_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2009-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahny_2015_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahny_2015-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downward_Dog_Pose_(Doga).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Downward_Dog_Pose_%28Doga%29.jpg/220px-Downward_Dog_Pose_%28Doga%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Downward_Dog_Pose_%28Doga%29.jpg/330px-Downward_Dog_Pose_%28Doga%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Downward_Dog_Pose_%28Doga%29.jpg/440px-Downward_Dog_Pose_%28Doga%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="2747" /></a><figcaption>Downward dog and <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Downward Dog Pose is mentioned in many artistic and literary contexts: for example, <a href="/wiki/Saatchi_Art" title="Saatchi Art">Saatchi Art</a> features an acrylic on canvas painting entitled "Downward Dog" by Steve Palumbo,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the name of the pose was chosen for an <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a> <a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_(TV_series)" title="Downward Dog (TV series)">television comedy show which ran in 2017</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the title of a 2013 novel by Edward Vilga.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chantel Guertin named her 2013 <a href="/wiki/Chick_lit" title="Chick lit">chick lit</a> novel, balancing relationships, yoga, and <a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmetic surgery">cosmetic surgery</a> <i>Stuck in Downward Dog</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the yoga teacher and author Tracy Weber named her series of <a href="/wiki/Crime_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime novel">crime novels</a> <i>The Downward Dog Mysteries</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i> used the name for its review of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">downfall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anusara_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Anusara Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> founder, <a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mindful_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindful yoga">mindful yoga</a> instructor <a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a>'s 2014 book <i>Moving into Meditation</i> invites the reader to take the "Journey of Downward Dog", a playful exploration of variations of the pose, "with an eye to awakening the flow of aliveness".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushman201462–64_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECushman201462–64-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fitnessproguru.com/yoga/how-to-do-adho-mukha-svanasana-its-benefits-and-precautions/">How to do Adho Mukha Svanasana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polis et al cite <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/category/poses/contraindications-modifications/pregnancy-contraindications-modifications/"><i>Yoga Journal</i>, "Pregnancy contraindication"</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livestrong.com/article/93583-contraindications-yoga-poses-pregnant"><i>Livestrong.com</i>, "Contraindications of some yoga poses while pregnant"</a>. Polis et al did not find "any scientific evidence to support these concerns".<sup id="cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolisGussman2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/491">"Downward-Facing Dog"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110307142321/http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/491">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downward-Facing+Dog&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fposes%2F491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanEs2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VanEs2002_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanEs2002" class="citation book cs1">VanEs, Howard Allan (12 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T2x_HIoUN7AC"><i>Beginning Yoga: A Practice Manual</i></a>. Letsdoyoga.com. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9722094-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9722094-0-3"><bdi>978-0-9722094-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+Yoga%3A+A+Practice+Manual&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Letsdoyoga.com&rft.date=2002-11-12&rft.isbn=978-0-9722094-0-3&rft.aulast=VanEs&rft.aufirst=Howard+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT2x_HIoUN7AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CalhounCalhoun2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CalhounCalhoun2006_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalhounCalhoun2006" class="citation book cs1">Calhoun, Yael; Calhoun, Matthew R. (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3k6BmczBg4AC&pg=PA36"><i>Create a Yoga Practice for Kids: Fun, Flexibility, And Focus</i></a>. Sunstone Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86534-490-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86534-490-7"><bdi>978-0-86534-490-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Create+a+Yoga+Practice+for+Kids%3A+Fun%2C+Flexibility%2C+And+Focus&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Sunstone+Press&rft.date=2006-06&rft.isbn=978-0-86534-490-7&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Yael&rft.au=Calhoun%2C+Matthew+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3k6BmczBg4AC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashtangayoga.info-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ashtangayoga.info_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ashtangayoga.info_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423060943/http://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/asana-vinyasa-series/surya-namaskara-a-sun-salutation/item/adho-mukha-shvanasana/">"Adho Mukha Shvanasana"</a>. Ashtanga Yoga. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/asana-vinyasa-series/surya-namaskara-a-sun-salutation/item/adho-mukha-shvanasana/">the original</a> on 23 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adho+Mukha+Shvanasana&rft.pub=Ashtanga+Yoga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashtangayoga.info%2Fpractice%2Fasana-vinyasa-series%2Fsurya-namaskara-a-sun-salutation%2Fitem%2Fadho-mukha-shvanasana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PolisGussman2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PolisGussman2015_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolisGussmanKuo2015" class="citation journal cs1">Polis, Rachael L.; Gussman, Debra; Kuo, Yen-Hong (2015). "Yoga in Pregnancy". <i>Obstetrics & Gynecology</i>. <b>126</b> (6): 1237–1241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FAOG.0000000000001137">10.1097/AOG.0000000000001137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7844">0029-7844</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26551176">26551176</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205467344">205467344</a>. <q>All 26 yoga postures were well-tolerated with no acute adverse maternal physiologic or fetal heart rate changes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+%26+Gynecology&rft.atitle=Yoga+in+Pregnancy&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1237-1241&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=0029-7844&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205467344%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26551176&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FAOG.0000000000001137&rft.aulast=Polis&rft.aufirst=Rachael+L.&rft.au=Gussman%2C+Debra&rft.au=Kuo%2C+Yen-Hong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YJ_recognised-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YJ_recognised_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-YJ_recognised_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2007" class="citation web cs1">Anon (28 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/poses/downward-facing-dog">"Downward-Facing Dog"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downward-Facing+Dog&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fposes%2Fdownward-facing-dog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLennan_2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLennan_2011_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLennan_2011_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLennan_2011_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLennan2011" class="citation web cs1">McLennan, Jennifer (23 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ticotimes.net/2011/06/23/downward-dog-get-your-butt-in-the-air">"Downward dog: Get your butt in the air"</a>. The Tico Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downward+dog%3A+Get+your+butt+in+the+air&rft.pub=The+Tico+Times&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft.aulast=McLennan&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fticotimes.net%2F2011%2F06%2F23%2Fdownward-dog-get-your-butt-in-the-air&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124,_"the_Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati's_Gajāsana_(elephant_posture)_involves_repetitions_of_what_is_today_known_as_the_adhomukhaśvanāsana_(downward_dog),_a_constituent_of_the_modern_sun_salutation"-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124,_"the_Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati's_Gajāsana_(elephant_posture)_involves_repetitions_of_what_is_today_known_as_the_adhomukhaśvanāsana_(downward_dog),_a_constituent_of_the_modern_sun_salutation"_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, pp. 95, 124, "the Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati's Gajāsana (elephant posture) involves repetitions of what is today known as the adhomukhaśvanāsana (downward dog), a constituent of the modern sun salutation".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinha1996-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sinha1996_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha1996" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, S. C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zzRvh1fRzEC&pg=PA18"><i>Dictionary of Philosophy</i></a>. Anmol Publications. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7041-293-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7041-293-9"><bdi>978-81-7041-293-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Philosophy&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-7041-293-9&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=S.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zzRvh1fRzEC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton201795,_124_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, pp. 95, 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PP-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PP_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PP_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PP_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratinidhi1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bhawanrao_Shriniwasrao_Pant_Pratinidhi" title="Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi">Pratinidhi, Pant</a> (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123075747/https://pdfslide.net/documents/surya-namaskara-1928-the-ten-point-way-to-health-by-shrimant-balasahib-rajah-of-aundh.html"><i>The Ten-Point Way to Health | Surya Namaskars</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/J._M._Dent_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. Dent and Sons">J. M. Dent and Sons</a>. pp. 113–115 and whole book. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfslide.net/documents/surya-namaskara-1928-the-ten-point-way-to-health-by-shrimant-balasahib-rajah-of-aundh.html">the original</a> on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten-Point+Way+to+Health+%7C+Surya+Namaskars&rft.pages=113-115+and+whole+book&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+and+Sons&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Pratinidhi&rft.aufirst=Pant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfslide.net%2Fdocuments%2Fsurya-namaskara-1928-the-ten-point-way-to-health-by-shrimant-balasahib-rajah-of-aundh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton2010180–181,_204–206_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingleton2010">Singleton 2010</a>, pp. 180–181, 204–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singleton_2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (4 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/yoga-s-greater-truth">"The Ancient & Modern Roots of Yoga"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+%26+Modern+Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fyoga-101%2Fyoga-s-greater-truth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBukh201038-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBukh201038_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBukh2010">Bukh 2010</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110213141948/http://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/asana-vinyasa-series/primary-series-yoga-chikitsa/item/dandasana/">"Dandasana"</a>. Ashtanga Yoga. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashtangayoga.info/practice/asana-vinyasa-series/primary-series-yoga-chikitsa/item/dandasana/">the original</a> on 13 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downward+Dog%2C+a+weirdly+lovely+show+about+a+talking+dog%2C+belongs+on+TV+%E2%80%94+just+not+ABC&rft.pub=Vox&rft.date=2017-07-02&rft.aulast=Framke&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fculture%2F2017%2F7%2F2%2F15887716%2Fdownward-dog-abc-canceled-why&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilga2013" class="citation book cs1">Vilga, Edward (2013). <i>Downward Dog</i> (Kindle ed.). Diversion Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Downward+Dog&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Diversion+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Vilga&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuertin2013" class="citation book cs1">Guertin, Chantel (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stuckindownwardd0000guer"><i>Stuck in Downward Dog</i></a></span>. ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1770411609" title="Special:BookSources/978-1770411609"><bdi>978-1770411609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stuck+in+Downward+Dog&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1770411609&rft.aulast=Guertin&rft.aufirst=Chantel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstuckindownwardd0000guer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2014" class="citation book cs1">Weber, Tracy (2014). <i>Murder Strikes a Pose (Downward Dog Mysteries)</i>. Midnight Ink. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0738739687" title="Special:BookSources/978-0738739687"><bdi>978-0738739687</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murder+Strikes+a+Pose+%28Downward+Dog+Mysteries%29&rft.pub=Midnight+Ink&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0738739687&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwartz2012" class="citation news cs1">Swartz, Mimi (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/downward-dog/">"Downward Dog"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+Monthly&rft.atitle=Downward+Dog&rft.date=2012-05&rft.aulast=Swartz&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Fthe-culture%2Fdownward-dog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downward_Dog_Pose&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adho_Mukha_Svanasana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Adho Mukha Svanasana">Adho Mukha Svanasana</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBukh2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Bukh, Niels</a> (2010) [1924]. <i>Primary Gymnastics</i>. Tufts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1446527351" title="Special:BookSources/978-1446527351"><bdi>978-1446527351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primary+Gymnastics&rft.pub=Tufts+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1446527351&rft.aulast=Bukh&rft.aufirst=Niels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCushman2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Cushman, Anne</a> (2014). <i>Moving into Meditation: A 12-Week Mindfulness Program for Yoga Practitioners</i>. <a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Publications" title="Shambhala Publications">Shambhala Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611800982" title="Special:BookSources/978-1611800982"><bdi>978-1611800982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moving+into+Meditation%3A+A+12-Week+Mindfulness+Program+for+Yoga+Practitioners&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1611800982&rft.aulast=Cushman&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar, B. K. S.</a> (1979) [1966]. <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Unwin_Paperbacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwin Paperbacks">Unwin Paperbacks</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1855381667" title="Special:BookSources/978-1855381667"><bdi>978-1855381667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+on+Yoga%3A+Yoga+Dipika&rft.pub=Unwin+Paperbacks&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-1855381667&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=B.+K.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Jain">Jain, Andrea</a> (2015). <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a>: from Counterculture to Pop culture</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939024-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939024-3"><bdi>978-0-19-939024-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/878953765">878953765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Yoga%3A+from+Counterculture+to+Pop+culture&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F878953765&rft.isbn=978-0-19-939024-3&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLidell1983" class="citation book cs1">Lidell, Lucy; <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">The Sivananda Yoga Centre</a> (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofyoga0000lide"><i>The Book of Yoga: the complete step-by-step guide</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85223-297-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85223-297-2"><bdi>978-0-85223-297-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12457963">12457963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Yoga%3A+the+complete+step-by-step+guide&rft.pub=Ebury+Publishing&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12457963&rft.isbn=978-0-85223-297-2&rft.aulast=Lidell&rft.aufirst=Lucy%3B+The+Sivananda+Yoga+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofyoga0000lide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga"><i>Roots of Yoga</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewcombe2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Newcombe" title="Suzanne Newcombe">Newcombe, Suzanne</a> (2019). <i>Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis</i>. Bristol, England: <a href="/wiki/Equinox_Publishing_(Sheffield)" title="Equinox Publishing (Sheffield)">Equinox Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78179-661-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78179-661-0"><bdi>978-1-78179-661-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+in+Britain%3A+Stretching+Spirituality+and+Educating+Yogis&rft.place=Bristol%2C+England&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-78179-661-0&rft.aulast=Newcombe&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraswati2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satyananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Satyananda Saraswati">Saraswati, Swami Satyananda</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YpR1QgAACAAJ"><i>Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha</i></a>. Nesma Books India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-86336-14-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-86336-14-4"><bdi>978-81-86336-14-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asana+Pranayama+Mudra+Bandha&rft.pub=Nesma+Books+India&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-86336-14-4&rft.aulast=Saraswati&rft.aufirst=Swami+Satyananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYpR1QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body: the origins of modern posture practice</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539534-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539534-1"><bdi>978-0-19-539534-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318191988">318191988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+Body%3A+the+origins+of+modern+posture+practice&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318191988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539534-1&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2019" class="citation book cs1">Swanson, Ann (2019). <i>Science of yoga: understand the anatomy and physiology to perfect your practice</i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">DK Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7935-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7935-8"><bdi>978-1-4654-7935-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1030608283">1030608283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+of+yoga%3A+understand+the+anatomy+and+physiology+to+perfect+your+practice&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1030608283&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-7935-8&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADownward+Dog+Pose" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asanas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asanas" title="Template talk:Asanas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asanas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vinyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyasa">Vinyasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Yoga as therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Backbend#Asanas" title="Backbend">Backbends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjaneyasana" title="Anjaneyasana">Anjaneyasana (crescent moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidalasana" title="Bidalasana">Bidalasana (cat)/Bitilasana (cow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana (cobra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrasana" title="Chakrasana">Chakrasana (wheel) or Urdhva Dhanurasana (upward bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Dandasana" title="Viparita Dandasana">Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapotasana" title="Kapotasana">Kapotasana (pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eka_Pada_Rajakapotasana" title="Eka Pada Rajakapotasana">Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (king pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustrasana" title="Ustrasana">Ushtrasana (camel)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapala_Asana_(headstand)_from_Jogapradipika_1830_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830"><img alt="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arm balances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astavakrasana" title="Astavakrasana">Ashtavakrasana (8-angled)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana (crane) or Kakasana (crow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koundinyasana" title="Koundinyasana">Koundinyasana (the sage Kaundinya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana (cockerel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana (peacock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana (firefly)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inverted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adho Mukha Svanasana (downward dog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrkshasana (handstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana (plough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">Sarvangasana (shoulderstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana (headstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani (legs up the wall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrischikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrischikasana">Vrischikasana (scorpion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reclining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantasana" title="Anantasana">Anantasana (Vishnu's couch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Namaskara" title="Ashtanga Namaskara">Ashtanga Namaskara (eight-limbed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhekasana" title="Bhekasana">Bhekasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga_Dandasana" title="Chaturanga Dandasana">Chaturanga Dandasana (low plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana (bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathara_Parivartanasana" title="Jathara Parivartanasana">Jathara Parivartanasana (belly twist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana (crocodile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana (fish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salabhasana" title="Salabhasana">Shalabhasana (locust)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana">Shavasana (corpse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasishtasana">Vasishtasana (side plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoganidrasana" title="Yoganidrasana">Yoganidrasana (yogic sleep)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sitting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meditation_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Meditation seat">Meditation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana (cobbler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana (cow face)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana (cowherd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana (lotus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana (accomplished)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana (lion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana (thunderbolt)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvajasana" title="Bharadvajasana">Bharadvajasana (the sage Bharadvaja)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marichyasana" title="Marichyasana">Marichyasana (the sage Marichi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana (the sage Matsyendra, lord of the fishes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasasana" title="Pasasana">Pashasana (noose)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana (shooting bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasana" title="Balasana">Balasana (child)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbha_Pindasana" title="Garbha Pindasana">Garbha Pindasana (embryo in womb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumanasana" title="Hanumanasana">Hanumanasana (monkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana (heron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana (tortoise)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasana" title="Malasana">Malasana (garland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulabandhasana" title="Mulabandhasana">Mulabandhasana (root lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(gymnastics)" title="Split (gymnastics)">Samakonasana (split)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana (hero)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both legs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parighasana" title="Parighasana">Parighasana (gate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvottanasana" title="Parshvottanasana">Parshvottanasana (intense side stretch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasarita_Padottanasana" title="Prasarita Padottanasana">Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadasana" title="Tadasana">Tadasana (mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana (triangle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana (powerful)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttanasana" title="Uttanasana">Uttanasana (standing forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Parshvakonasana" title="Utthita Parshvakonasana">Utthita Parshvakonasana (sideways)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Virabhadrasana (warrior)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One leg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardha_chandrasana" title="Ardha chandrasana">Ardha Chandrasana (half moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana (the sage Durvasa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana (eagle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natarajasana" title="Natarajasana">Natarajasana (lord of the dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Padangusthasana" title="Utthita Padangusthasana">Utthita Padangusthasana (standing big toe hold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriksasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriksasana">Vrikshasana (tree)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga_as_exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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