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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html;charset=utf-8;"> <title data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:title">y | Search Online Etymology Dictionary</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" property="og:description" content="The online etymology dictionary (etymonline) is the internet's go-to source for quick and reliable accounts of the origin and history of English words, phrases, and idioms. 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Called <span class="foreign notranslate">ipsilon</span> in German, <span class="foreign notranslate">upsilon</span> in Greek, the English name is of obscure origin.</p> <p>The sound at the beginning of <a href="/word/yard" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of yard " class="crossreference notranslate">yard</a>, <a href="/word/yes" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of yes " class="crossreference notranslate">yes</a>, <a href="/word/yield" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of yield " class="crossreference notranslate">yield</a>, etc. is from Old English words with initial <span class="foreign notranslate">g-</span> as in <span class="foreign notranslate">got</span> and <span class="foreign notranslate">y-</span> as in <span class="foreign notranslate">yet</span>, which were considered the same sound and often transcribed as <span class="foreign notranslate">葴</span>, known as <span class="foreign notranslate">yogh</span>. The system was altered by French scribes, who brought over the continental use of <span class="foreign notranslate">-g-</span> and from the early 1200s used <span class="foreign notranslate">-y-</span> and sometimes <span class="foreign notranslate">-gh-</span> to replace 葴.</p> <p>The French also tended to substitute <span class="foreign notranslate">-y-</span> for <span class="foreign notranslate">-i-</span>, especially before <span class="foreign notranslate">-u-</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">-n-</span>, or <span class="foreign notranslate">-m-</span>, or at the end of words, to avoid confusion in reading (see <a href="/word/U" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of U " class="crossreference notranslate">U</a>), which might also partly explain this tendency in Middle English. As short for <span class="foreign notranslate">YMCA</span>, etc., by 1915.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Y#etymonline_v_4916"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-sp-infeed-1" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yale" href="/word/Yale#etymonline_v_4924">Yale<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>university in New Haven, Connecticut, U.S., founded 1701 as <span class="foreign notranslate">Collegiate School</span>, renamed 1718 in honor of a gift from British merchant-philanthropist Elihu <span class="foreign notranslate">Yale</span> (1649-1721). As a kind of lock, 1854, invented by U.S. mechanic Linus <span class="foreign notranslate">Yale</span> Jr. (1821-1868). The surname is Welsh, from <span class="foreign notranslate">ial</span>, and means "dweller at the fertile upland." Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Yalie</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yale#etymonline_v_4924"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yankee" href="/word/Yankee#etymonline_v_4929">Yankee<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1683, a name applied disparagingly by Dutch settlers in New Amsterdam (New York) to English colonists in neighboring Connecticut. It may be from Dutch <span class="foreign notranslate">Janke</span>, literally "Little John," diminutive of common personal name <span class="foreign notranslate">Jan</span>; or it may be from <span class="foreign notranslate">Jan Kes</span> familiar form of "John Cornelius," or perhaps an alteration of <span class="foreign notranslate">Jan Kees</span>, dialectal variant of <span class="foreign notranslate">Jan Kaas</span>, literally "John Cheese," the generic nickname the Flemings used for Dutchmen.</p> <blockquote> [I]t is to be noted that it is common to name a droll fellow, regarded as typical of his country, after some favorite article of food, as E[nglish] <span class="foreign notranslate">Jack-pudding</span>, G[erman] <span class="foreign notranslate">Hanswurst</span> ("Jack Sausage"), F[rench] <span class="foreign notranslate">Jean Farine</span> ("Jack Flour"). [Century Dictionary, 1902, entry for "macaroni"] </blockquote> <p>Originally it seems to have been applied insultingly to the Dutch, especially freebooters, before they turned around and slapped it on the English. A less-likely theory (attested by 1832) is that it represents some southern New England Algonquian language mangling of <span class="foreign notranslate">English</span>. In English a term of contempt (1750s) before its use as a general term for "native of New England" (1765); during the American Revolution it became a disparaging British word for all American natives or inhabitants. Contrasted with <a href="/word/southerner" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of southerner " class="crossreference notranslate">southerner</a> by 1828. Shortened form <span class="foreign notranslate">Yank</span> in reference to "an American" first recorded 1778. Latin-American form <span class="foreign notranslate">Yanqui</span> attested in English by 1914 (in Mexican Spanish by 1835).</p> <blockquote> The rule observed in this country is, that the man who receives that name [Yankee] must come from some part north of him who gives it. To compensate us for giving each other nicknames, John Bull "lumps us all together," and calls us all Yankees. ["Who is a Yankee?" Massachusetts Spy, June 6, 1827] </blockquote></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yankee#etymonline_v_4929"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yarborough" href="/word/Yarborough#etymonline_v_50221">Yarborough<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>in bridge/whist, a hand with no card above a nine, 1874, said to be so called for an unnamed Earl of Yarborough who bet 1,000 to 1 against its occurrence.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yarborough#etymonline_v_50221"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yemen" href="/word/Yemen#etymonline_v_25638">Yemen<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>southwestern region of Arabia, from Arabic <span class="foreign notranslate">Yemen</span>, literally "the country of the south," from <span class="foreign notranslate">yaman</span> "right side" (i.e., south side, if one is facing east). The right side regarded as auspicious, hence Arabic <span class="foreign notranslate">yamana</span> "he was happy," literally "he went to the right," and hence the Latin name for the region in Roman times, <span class="foreign notranslate">Arabia Felix</span>, lit, "Happy Arabia." Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Yemeni</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yemen#etymonline_v_25638"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="5022190299" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yggdrasil" href="/word/Yggdrasil#etymonline_v_4964">Yggdrasil<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>great tree of the universe, 1770, from Old Norse <span class="foreign notranslate">ygdrasill,</span> apparently from <span class="foreign notranslate">Yggr,</span> a name of Odin + <span class="foreign notranslate">drasill</span> "horse."</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yggdrasil#etymonline_v_4964"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yippie" href="/word/Yippie#etymonline_v_4971">Yippie<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1968, acronym from fictitious "Youth International Party," modeled on <a href="/word/hippie" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of hippie " class="crossreference notranslate">hippie</a>.</p> <blockquote> On December 31, 1967, Abbie [Hoffman], Jerry [Rubin], Paul Krassner, Dick Gregory, and friends decided to pronounce themselves the Yippies. (The name came first, then the acronym that would satisfy literal-minded reporters: Youth International Party.) [Todd Gitlin, "The Sixties," 1987, p.235] </blockquote></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yippie#etymonline_v_4971"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of York" href="/word/York#etymonline_v_4984">York<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>city in northern England, Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">Eoforwic</span>, earlier <span class="foreign notranslate">Eborakon</span> (c. 150), an ancient Celtic name, probably meaning "Yew-Tree Estate," but <span class="foreign notranslate">Eburos</span> may also be a personal name. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Yorkist</span>; <span class="foreign notranslate">Yorkish</span>; <span class="foreign notranslate">Yorker</span>. <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Yorkshire pudding</strong></span> is recorded from 1747; <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Yorkshire terrier</strong></span> first attested 1872; short form <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Yorkie</strong></span> is from 1950.</p> <blockquote> Al 镁e longage of 镁e Nor镁humbres, and specialych at 脮ork, ys so scharp, slyttyng, and frotyng, and vnschape, 镁at we sou镁eron men may 镁at longage vnne镁e vndurstonde. [Ranulph Higden鈥檚 "Polychronicon," mid-14c., John Trevisa's translation, 聽1380s] </blockquote></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/York#etymonline_v_4984"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yoruba" href="/word/Yoruba#etymonline_v_50234">Yoruba<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>west Nigerian people, also the name of their language.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/Yoruba#etymonline_v_50234"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of Yosemite" href="/word/Yosemite#etymonline_v_25782">Yosemite<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>from Southern Sierra Miwok <span class="foreign notranslate">/yohhe'meti/</span> "they are killers." "[E]vidently a name given to the Indians of the valley by those outside it." 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