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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. 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Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. 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while Yan'an (present-day [[Baota District]]) had 61,200 inhabitants in 1823, but only about 10,000 in 1930.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=128}} One account from a British traveler in 1911 described Yan'an as "a city of pretentious Government Offices long fallen into decay...Gazing down a vista of dim distant years one caught a glimpse of past splendour; but the living forces of which it had been the drapery and symbols had long since died out, leaving stagnation, corruption and decay to reign in its halls".<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=|pages=129–130}} After the fall of the Qing dynasty, the city became part of the newly created [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], and was reorganized by the Republican government in 1913 under {{Interlanguage link|Yulin Circuit|zh|榆林道}}.<ref name=":2" /> Throughout the Republic of China, [[Feudalism|feudal]]-like [[landlordism]] persisted in Yan'an, and a number of observers found it to be worse in the region than elsewhere in rural China.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=|pages=134–135}} ===Red Capital and the Chinese Civil War=== [[File:Mao1944.jpg|thumb|Mao with visiting foreign journalists in 1944]] In 1934, two regional [[Chinese Soviet Republic|soviets]] were established.<ref name=":2" /> In October 1935, following the [[Long March]], forces of the [[Chinese Red Army]] arrived in the area from [[Jiangxi]].<ref name=":2" /> The following month, communist forces established a regional government in [[Wayaobao Subdistrict|Wayaobao]] and re-organized regional soviet administrations.<ref name=":2" /> In May 1936, the area was re-organized by communist forces as [[Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region|Shaan-Gan-Ning Province]] ({{Lang-zh|c=陕甘宁省}}).<ref name=":2" /> In December 1936, at the start of the [[Second United Front]], Yan'an was taken over by the Chinese Communists.<ref>''Mao Tse Tung Ruler of Red China'' by [[Pierre Stephen Robert Payne|Robert Payne]], page 175</ref> When [[Edgar Snow]] went there in 1936, it was under [[Kuomintang]] control and a Red army siege had recently been lifted.<ref>''[[Red Star Over China]]'', by [[Edgar Snow]]. Page 42</ref> Unknown to him at the time, there had also been contacts there between the Communists and the generals who later staged the [[Xi'an Incident]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} Snow actually met Mao at Bao'an (Pao An).{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} Having rebelled against Chiang, the local warlords decided to hand over Yan'an to the Communists, who were now allies. They pulled out, and in January 1937, the Red Army entered Yan'an,<ref name=":2" /> without a fight. This is described by [[Agnes Smedley]] in her book [[Battle Hymn of China]]. She was in Xi'an at the time and got to Yan'an shortly after the take-over.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} On September 6, 1937, Yan'an became the seat of the communist government of what became known as the [[Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region|Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region]].<ref name=":2" /> It became the center for intensive training of party members and army troops. Thousands of intellectuals traveled to Yan'an from all over the country.<ref name=":8" />{{Rp|page=123}} From 1937 through 1941, the Communist government organized large-scale migrations to Yan'an, predominantly from [[Suide County|Suide]] to the northeast, which was a significantly more densely populated area.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=141|pages=}} Many farmers from the region were attracted to Yan'an for the prospect of working more land, as well as the Communists' land and tax reforms.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=141|pages=}} From 1937 to 1939, over 1,500,000 ''[[Mu (unit of area)|mu]]'' of previously unused land was cleared for agriculture.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=143|pages=}} During this time, the large drive for intense rural labor earned its detractors, and was publicly criticized by some for "giving people a distaste for collective labour".<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=143|pages=}} Subsequently, these types of large-scale labor projects would be handled by the army.<ref name=":7" />{{Rp|page=143|pages=}} In 1941, [[Mao Zedong]] put special influence on a series of training programs to "correct unorthodox tendencies" and essentially mold the peasantry to the communist model. One of the first CCP programs launched was the [[Yan'an Rectification Movement]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hua|first1=Gao|title=[[How the Red Sun Rose|How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945]]|last2=Mosher|first2=Stacy|last3=Jian|first3=Guo|date=2018|publisher=The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press|jstor=j.ctvbtzp48|isbn=978-962-996-822-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hua|first=Gao|url=http://cup.columbia.edu/book/how-the-red-sun-rose/9789629968229|title=How the Red Sun Rose: The Origin and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945|date=2019|publisher=The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press|isbn=978-962-996-822-9|translator-last=Mosher|translator-first=Stacey|translator-last2=Jian|translator-first2=Guo|access-date=2020-08-07|archive-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101102514/http://cup.columbia.edu/book/how-the-red-sun-rose/9789629968229|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Yanan Shaanxi maoist city IMG 8453.JPG|thumb|Conference room; tourists can rent and dress in Chinese Red Army garb]] ===World War II and resumption of the Chinese Civil War=== During the [[Second World War]] almost all buildings, except a pagoda, were destroyed by Japanese bombing, and most inhabitants took to living in [[yaodong]]s, artificial caves or [[Dugout (shelter)|dugout]]s carved into hillsides which were traditional dwellings in [[Shaanxi]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} While Yan'an was the center of Chinese communist life many prominent Western journalists including [[Edgar Snow]] and [[Anna Louise Strong]] met with Mao Zedong and other important leaders for interviews.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} Other Westerners, such as [[Hsiao Li]] and [[Michael Lindsay, 2nd Baron Lindsay of Birker|Michael Lindsay]], were part of the resistance movement in Yan'an.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web|date=2010-06-09|title=Lady Lindsay of Birker|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7815180/Lady-Lindsay-of-Birker.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509055952/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7815180/Lady-Lindsay-of-Birker.html|archive-date=2021-05-09|access-date=2021-05-14|website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]}}</ref> Beginning in 1944, Yan'an played host to the [[United States Army Observation Group]], also known as the Dixie Mission.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Perlez|first=Jane|date=2017-01-01|title='Dixie Mission' Americans Scorned for Backing Mao Are Hailed in China|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/world/asia/dixie-mission-americans-china-mao.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514172429/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/01/world/asia/dixie-mission-americans-china-mao.html|archive-date=2021-05-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This group sought to establish relations with Chinese Communist forces, investigate the Communist Party politically and militarily, and determine whether the United States should back Communist forces.<ref name=":4" /> Prominent Americans tasked with evaluating the Communist forces politically and militarily include [[John S. Service]] of the [[United States Department of State]], and [[Colonel]] [[David D. Barrett]] of the [[United States Army]].<ref name=":4" /> The mission explored possible plans for cooperation against the Japanese.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} The Americans had a presence in Yan'an from 1944 to 1947.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} Yan'an was briefly captured in the [[Battle of Yan'an]] by the Kuomintang forces in the [[Chinese Civil War]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} The Communist leadership learned of a planned attack in advance and decided to pull out.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} From then until their capture of [[Beijing]] they were usually based somewhere else, often with a mobile headquarters.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} ===People's Republic of China=== In May 1950, under the [[China|People's Republic of China]], Yan'an was re-organized as Yan'an District, and was further re-organized as a special district ({{Lang-zh|c=专区|s=|t=|p=}}) in October.<ref name=":2" /> Yan'an was later established as an area ({{Lang-zh|c=地区|s=|t=|p=}}).<ref name=":2" /> On November 5, 1996, Yan'an Area was revoked and established as a [[prefecture-level city]].<ref name=":2" /> Yan'an's experienced fast-paced [[Urbanization in China|urbanization]] during the [[Eleventh five-year plan (China)|Eleventh Five-Year Plan]] period (2006–2010).<ref name=":8" />{{Rp|page=125}} From 2011 to 2015, it underwent a [[red tourism]]-oriented beautification project.<ref name=":8" />{{Rp|page=127}} Xi Jinping visited Yan'an in 2015.<ref name=":Hou" />{{Rp|page=89}} During the visit, he emphasized the importance of studying the [[History of the Chinese Communist Party|Communist Party's history]] in Yan'an and called for a renewed focus on the principles of [[Marxism–Leninism]], [[Mao Zedong Thought]], and the party's revolutionary tradition.<ref name=":Hou" />{{Rp|page=89}} </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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