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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Luzon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kingdom of Luzon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Luzon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Spanish rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Philippine_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Philippine_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>First Philippine Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Philippine_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>American rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_province_of_Rizal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_province_of_Rizal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Creation of the province of Rizal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_province_of_Rizal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippine_Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippine_Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Philippine Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippine_Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_invasion_and_Second_Philippine_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_invasion_and_Second_Philippine_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Japanese invasion and Second Philippine Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_invasion_and_Second_Philippine_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_city_of_Greater_Manila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_city_of_Greater_Manila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Creation of the city of Greater Manila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_city_of_Greater_Manila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Philippine_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Philippine_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Third Philippine Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Philippine_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation_of_the_National_Capital_Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_the_National_Capital_Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Creation of the National Capital Region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_the_National_Capital_Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reinstitution_as_Metropolitan_Manila_under_martial_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reinstitution_as_Metropolitan_Manila_under_martial_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Reinstitution as Metropolitan Manila under martial law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reinstitution_as_Metropolitan_Manila_under_martial_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Philippine_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Philippine_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Fourth Philippine Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Philippine_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Philippine_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Philippine_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Fifth Philippine Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Philippine_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Natural hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Future expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poverty,_housing_and_urban_slums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty,_housing_and_urban_slums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Poverty, housing and urban slums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty,_housing_and_urban_slums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_business_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_business_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Central business districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_business_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_gambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_gambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tourism and gambling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_gambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_contemporary_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_contemporary_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><span><span>Culture</span></span> and contemporary life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_contemporary_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <span><span>Culture</span></span> and contemporary life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_contemporary_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Human resources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_resources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human resources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Public health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Public safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Roads and highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Railway systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.5</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity_and_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity_and_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Electricity and water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity_and_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Radio stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>TV stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Analog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Digital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_personalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_personalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable personalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_personalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metro Manila</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_(%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="مانيلا (حاضرة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانيلا (حاضرة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مانیل آناشهری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مانیل آناشهری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="মেট্রো ম্যানিলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেট্রো ম্যানিলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-ka_Si%C3%BA-to%CD%98_To%C4%81-khu" title="Kok-ka Siú-to͘ Toā-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-ka Siú-to͘ Toā-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehiyon_Nasyunal_na_Kapitolyo" title="Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rehiyon Nasyunal na Kapitolyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Manila" title="Gran Manila – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Manila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Metropolo" title="Manila Metropolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manila Metropolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Handia" title="Manila Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manila Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="کلانشهر مانیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلانشهر مانیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Manille" title="Grand Manille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand Manille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%90%EB%9D%BC" title="메트로 마닐라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메트로 마닐라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="मेट्रो मनीला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेट्रो मनीला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_Capitale_Nazionale" title="Regione Capitale Nazionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione Capitale Nazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מטרופולין מנילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטרופולין מנילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keragulang_Menila" title="Keragulang Menila – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Keragulang Menila" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ეროვნული დედაქალაქის რეგიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეროვნული დედაქალაქის რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_galvaspils%C4%93tas_re%C4%A3ions" title="Valsts galvaspilsētas reģions – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts galvaspilsētas reģions" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilos_metropolija" title="Manilos metropolija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manilos metropolija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Метро Манила – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метро Манила" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2" title="മെട്രോ മനില – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെട്രോ മനില" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="မက်ထရို မနီလာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ထရို မနီလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region" title="National Capital Region – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Capital Region" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A9%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%8F" title="マニラ首都圏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニラ首都圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Sto%C5%82eczny_(Filipiny)" title="Region Stołeczny (Filipiny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Region Stołeczny (Filipiny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Manila" title="Grande Manila – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande Manila" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B)" title="Столичный регион (Филиппины) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Столичный регион (Филиппины)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Метро Манила – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метро Манила" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalakhang Maynila" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மணிலா பெருநகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மணிலா பெருநகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="เมโทรมะนิลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมโทรมะนิลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metro Manila" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Національний столичний регіон (Філіппіни) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національний столичний регіон (Філіппіни)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="میٹرو منیلا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میٹرو منیلا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Manila" title="Granda Manila – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Granda Manila" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_%C4%91%C3%B4_th%E1%BB%8B_Manila" title="Vùng đô thị Manila – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng đô thị Manila" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitano_nga_Manila" title="Metropolitano nga Manila – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metropolitano nga Manila" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="马尼拉大都会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马尼拉大都会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83" title="馬尼拉大都會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬尼拉大都會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83" title="馬尼拉大都會 – Chinese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metro_Manila&params=14.58_N_121_E_type:city(13484462)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.58°N 121°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.58; 121</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila,_Philippines&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Manila, Philippines">Metro Manila, Philippines</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolitan area and region of the Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital region of the Philippines. For the capital city, see <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Manila_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Manila (disambiguation)">Manila (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolitan area and region in Luzon, Philippines</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Metro Manila</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fil"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">Kalakhang Maynila</i></span><br /><span title="Filipino-language text"><i lang="fil">Kamaynilaan</i></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_Philippines" title="List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines">Metropolitan area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">National Capital Region</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:180px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makati_City_Lights_(Jopet_Sy)_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Makati CBD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Makati_City_Lights_%28Jopet_Sy%29_-_Flickr.jpg/288px-Makati_City_Lights_%28Jopet_Sy%29_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Makati_City_Lights_%28Jopet_Sy%29_-_Flickr.jpg/432px-Makati_City_Lights_%28Jopet_Sy%29_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Makati_City_Lights_%28Jopet_Sy%29_-_Flickr.jpg/576px-Makati_City_Lights_%28Jopet_Sy%29_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_District" title="Makati Central Business District">Makati Central Business District</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonifacio_Monument_(Guillermo_Tolentino).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bonifacio Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bonifacio_Monument_%28Guillermo_Tolentino%29.jpg/87px-Bonifacio_Monument_%28Guillermo_Tolentino%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bonifacio_Monument_%28Guillermo_Tolentino%29.jpg/131px-Bonifacio_Monument_%28Guillermo_Tolentino%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bonifacio_Monument_%28Guillermo_Tolentino%29.jpg/174px-Bonifacio_Monument_%28Guillermo_Tolentino%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Monument" title="Bonifacio Monument">Monumento</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rizal Park known as Luneta Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg/197px-Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg/296px-Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg/394px-Rizal_Park_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:198px;max-width:198px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Quezon Memorial Shrine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg/196px-Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg/294px-Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg/392px-Allan_Jay_Quesada_Quezon_Monument_DSC_2689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5905" data-file-height="3960" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Shrine" title="Quezon Memorial Shrine">Quezon Memorial Shrine</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortigas_Center_(Met._Manila)_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ortigas Center at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ortigas_Center_%28Met._Manila%29_-_Flickr.jpg/88px-Ortigas_Center_%28Met._Manila%29_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ortigas_Center_%28Met._Manila%29_-_Flickr.jpg/132px-Ortigas_Center_%28Met._Manila%29_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ortigas_Center_%28Met._Manila%29_-_Flickr.jpg/176px-Ortigas_Center_%28Met._Manila%29_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum,_side_view_left_(Padre_burgos,_Manila;_01-30-2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="National Museum of Fine Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/National_Museum%2C_side_view_left_%28Padre_burgos%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg/142px-National_Museum%2C_side_view_left_%28Padre_burgos%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/National_Museum%2C_side_view_left_%28Padre_burgos%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg/213px-National_Museum%2C_side_view_left_%28Padre_burgos%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/National_Museum%2C_side_view_left_%28Padre_burgos%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg/284px-National_Museum%2C_side_view_left_%28Padre_burgos%2C_Manila%3B_01-30-2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)">National Museum of Fine Arts</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tanghalang Pambansa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg/142px-2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg/213px-2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg/284px-2012-06-23-Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines-Evening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tanghalang_Pambansa" title="Tanghalang Pambansa">Tanghalang Pambansa</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Dangal nitong Bayan!</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in the Philippines"><img alt="Location in the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg/250px-Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg/375px-Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg/500px-Metro_Manila_in_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="2465" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in the Philippines</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_a52bc622b7fd39f37de9030b60f82c23b87268a9"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Metro_Manila&groups=_a52bc622b7fd39f37de9030b60f82c23b87268a9" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Metro_Manila&groups=_a52bc622b7fd39f37de9030b60f82c23b87268a9 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metro_Manila&params=14.58_N_121_E_type:city(13484462)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.58°N 121°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.58; 121</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Island</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Managing entity</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">November 7, 1975<sup id="cite_ref-PD824_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD824-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(as a public corporation)</span><br />January 23, 1976 <span style="font-size:85%;">(as a region)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PD879_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD879-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />June 2, 1978<sup id="cite_ref-PD1396_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD1396-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(as the NCR)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composed of</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>16 cities</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1 municipality</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metropolitan</a> government under a <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralized</a> framework<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Chairperson of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">MMDA Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Romando Artes <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(acting)</span></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro Manila Council President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Zamora" title="Francis Zamora">Francis Zamora</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Region</div></th><td class="infobox-data">636.00 km<sup>2</sup> (245.56 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–13_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Region</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,484,462</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">21,202/km<sup>2</sup> (54,910/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypop-Aggs_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-Aggs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">26,700,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English: Manilan, Manileño;<br />Spanish: <i>manilense</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>manileño</i>(-<i>a</i>)<br />Filipino: Manileño(-a), Manilenyo(-a), taga-Maynila</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP (nominal)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Region</th><td class="infobox-data">$136.12 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$10,108 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_direct_dialing" title="International direct dialing">IDD</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>:<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">area code</a> </span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">+63 (0)2</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">PH-00</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> (official and lingua franca)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> (native)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a></li><li><i>others</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.85 (<span style="color:Darkgreen;">Very high</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2019_Philippine_Provincial_HDI_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019_Philippine_Provincial_HDI-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">HDI rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Philippine provinces by Human Development Index">2nd</a> (2019)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mmda.gov.ph">mmda<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ph</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is the original Spanish, even used by José Rizal in <i>El filibusterismo</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metropolitan Manila</b><sup id="cite_ref-PD824_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD824-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Kalakhang Maynila</i>), commonly shortened to <b>Metro Manila</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formally the <b>National Capital Region</b> (<b>NCR</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-PD1396_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD1396-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filipino: <i lang="fil">Pambansang Punong Rehiyon</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_region" title="Capital region">capital region</a> and largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_Philippines" title="List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines">metropolitan area</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. Located on the eastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">region</a> lies between the <a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a> regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km<sup>2</sup> (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of <span data-sort-value="7007134844620000000♠">13,484,462</span> as of 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–13_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it consists of sixteen <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Legal_classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">highly urbanized cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>—the capital city—<a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a>, along with one independent municipality, <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a>. As the second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">6th most populous urban area in the world</a>. </p><p>The region is the center of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">culture</a> (including arts and entertainment), <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">government of the Philippines</a>. Designated as a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global power city</a>, the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Greater Manila</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP</a> after <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a>. </p><p>In 1975, in response to the need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">built-up area centered on Manila</a> was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824.<sup id="cite_ref-PD824_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD824-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog" title="Southern Tagalog">Southern Tagalog</a> region being designated as Region IV-A.<sup id="cite_ref-PD879_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD879-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog.<sup id="cite_ref-PD1396_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD1396-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">History of Manila</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_the_Philippines" title="Capital of the Philippines">Capital of the Philippines</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Luzon">Kingdom of Luzon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Luzon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, or between 400 and 1500s, due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo", and the prevalence of the placename during the rule of Raja Matanda, the old King of Luzon, who was born in the early 1500s. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-". As for Luzon, what is now considered Luzon island, or at least its southern portion, was called "Luzon the greater", while what is now considered Mindoro island was called "Luzon the lesser". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> has historically been a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with the Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan. </p><p>In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Tondo">Tondo</a> (<i>Tundók</i>), <a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a> (<i>Maalát</i>), <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a> (<i>Nabútas</i>), <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Tambobong</a> (<i>Tambúbong</i>), <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> (<i>Tagiig</i>), <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> (<i>Palanyág</i>), <a href="/wiki/Cainta_(historical_polity)" title="Cainta (historical polity)">Cainta</a> (<i>Kay Intâ</i>), and Pateros. </p><p>Shortly after Raja Matanda's birth, sometime around the early 1500s while he was <i>raja muda</i> or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as Queen Regent of Luzon. By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before the Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Raja Matanda, then still a young man, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet. </p><p>Some Luzonians in the 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves. </p><p>On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of the heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_rule">Spanish rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spanish rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manila_(province)" title="Manila (province)">Manila (province)</a></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manila_Province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Manila_Province.jpg/200px-Manila_Province.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Manila_Province.jpg/300px-Manila_Province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Manila_Province.jpg/400px-Manila_Province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="918" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A map of <a href="/wiki/Manila_(province)" title="Manila (province)">the province of Manila</a> during Spanish rule</div></div></div> <p>After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone, a new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as <a href="/wiki/Manila_(province)" title="Manila (province)">Manila</a>. </p><p>Later on, the <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a> continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> Asian merchandise and cultural exchange. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Philippine_Republic">First Philippine Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First Philippine Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the First Philippine Republic, the province included the walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Mariquina</a> also served as the provincial capital from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:60%; border:1px #aaa solid;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Approximate locations of the towns of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_(province)" title="Manila (province)">province of Manila</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 350px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Manila_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Metro_Manila_location_map.svg/350px-Metro_Manila_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="630" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Metro_Manila_location_map.svg/525px-Metro_Manila_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Metro_Manila_location_map.svg/700px-Metro_Manila_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="922" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:137.5px; top:181px"><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:109.5px; top:471.5px"><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:134px; top:373.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Malibay</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:57px; top:275.5px"><a href="/wiki/Intramuros,_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Intramuros, Manila">Manila</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:260px; top:191.5px"><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Mariquina</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:284.5px; top:65.5px"><a href="/wiki/Rodriguez,_Rizal" title="Rodriguez, Rizal">Montalban</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:158.5px; top:527.5px"><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:22px; top:156.5px"><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:193.5px; top:72.5px"><a href="/wiki/Novaliches" title="Novaliches">Novaliches</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:120px; top:426px"><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:256.5px; top:296.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:221.5px; top:345.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:95.5px; top:342px"><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pineda</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:186.5px; top:293px"><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">San Felipe<br />Neri</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:193.5px; top:240.5px"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan<br />del Monte</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:284.5px; top:142.5px"><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_Rizal" title="San Mateo, Rizal">San Mateo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:134px; top:328px"><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">San Pedro Macati</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:197px; top:373.5px"><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:71px; top:167px"><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Tambobong</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:43px; top:261.5px"><a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:113px; top:275.5px"><a href="/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">Dilao</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:78px; top:289.5px"><a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:85px; top:303.5px"><a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:148px; top:268.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pandacan" title="Pandacan">Pandacan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99px; top:265px"><a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:120px; top:230px"><a href="/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:130.5px; top:254.5px"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:127px; top:296.5px"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Santa Ana</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:67.5px; top:251px"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:53.5px; top:230px"><a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:46.5px; top:55px"><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:46.5px; top:541.5px"><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:179.5px; top:611.5px"><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:499.5px"><i><a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay" title="Laguna de Bay">Laguna de Bay</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:11.5px; top:324.5px"><i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:284.5px; top:289.5px"><a href="/wiki/Morong_(district)" title="Morong (district)">MORONG DISTRICT</a></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_rule">American rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creation_of_the_province_of_Rizal">Creation of the province of Rizal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Creation of the province of Rizal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Mariquina</a> (now Marikina), <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan del Monte</a> (now San Juan), <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">San Pedro de Macati</a> (now Makati), <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">San Felipe Neri</a> (now Mandaluyong), <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a> area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Polo</a> (now Valenzuela) remained in <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>. </p><p>Manila in 1901 was composed of <a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a>, Manila, <a href="/wiki/Pandacan" title="Pandacan">Pandacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">San Fernando de Dilao</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Manila" title="San Nicolas, Manila">San Nicolas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Santa Ana de Sapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the American rule, the American <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a> was commissioned to propose a <a href="/wiki/Burnham_Plan_of_Manila" title="Burnham Plan of Manila">Plan of Manila</a> for the Philippine government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippine_Commonwealth">Philippine Commonwealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Philippine Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg/220px-Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg/330px-Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg/440px-Landing_Fields_-_Philippines_-_Nichols_Field_-_NARA_-_68160590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6902" data-file-height="5428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nichols_Field" title="Nichols Field">Nichols Field</a> runway with Manila in the background, taken prior to 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1939, during the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Philippine Commonwealth</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> established <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> with the objective of replacing <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_invasion_and_Second_Philippine_Republic">Japanese invasion and Second Philippine Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japanese invasion and Second Philippine Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creation_of_the_city_of_Greater_Manila">Creation of the city of Greater Manila</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Creation of the city of Greater Manila"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_Manila" title="City of Greater Manila">City of Greater Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg/220px-City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg/330px-City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg/440px-City_of_Greater_Manila_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="2059" /></a><figcaption>Map of the City of Greater Manila that existed from 1942 to 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1942, during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> created the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_Manila" title="City of Greater Manila">City of Greater Manila</a> as an emergency measure, merging the cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eo400_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eo400-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jorge_B._Vargas" title="Jorge B. Vargas">Jorge Vargas</a> was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as assistant mayors in their town. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have a position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. </p><p>After World War II, in 1945, President <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon.<sup id="cite_ref-eo58_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eo58-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Philippine_Republic">Third Philippine Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Third Philippine Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creation_of_the_National_Capital_Region">Creation of the National Capital Region</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Creation of the National Capital Region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> resulted in the loss of more than 100,000 lives in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">battle of Manila</a> in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the <a href="/wiki/National_capital" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital">national capital</a> in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_Rizal" title="San Mateo, Rizal">San Mateo, Rizal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reinstitution_as_Metropolitan_Manila_under_martial_law">Reinstitution as Metropolitan Manila under martial law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reinstitution as Metropolitan Manila under martial law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region.<sup id="cite_ref-PD824_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD824-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-PD1396_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD1396-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> and the thirteen municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Valenzuela, Philippines">Valenzuela</a>. At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">municipality</a>. </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> appointed his wife, <a href="/wiki/First_Spouse_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="First Spouse of the Philippines">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a>, as the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Metro_Manila" title="Governor of Metro Manila">governor of Metro Manila</a>. She launched the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Man" title="City of Man">City of Man</a> campaign. The <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines_Complex" title="Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex">Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex</a>, Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Tanghalang_Francisco_Balagtas" title="Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas">Folk Arts Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_International_Convention_Center" title="Philippine International Convention Center">Philippine International Convention Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut_Palace" title="Coconut Palace">Coconut Palace</a> and healthcare facilities such as the <a href="/wiki/Lung_Center_of_the_Philippines" title="Lung Center of the Philippines">Lung Center of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Heart_Center" title="Philippine Heart Center">Philippine Heart Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Kidney_and_Transplant_Institute" title="National Kidney and Transplant Institute">Kidney Center of the Philippines</a> are all constructed precisely for this purpose. </p><p>The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While the then-newly formed region was designated as the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Philippine_Republic">Fourth Philippine Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fourth Philippine Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>President Marcos was overthrown in a <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">non-violent</a> revolution along <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a>, which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>, made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Gandhi_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gandhi-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Philippine_Republic">Fifth Philippine Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fifth Philippine Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing the structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. <a href="/wiki/Mayors_of_Metro_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors of Metro Manila">Mayors</a> in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a>. The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Labor and Employment">Department of Labor and Employment</a> (DOLE) and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">National Statistics Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, then-MMDA chairman <a href="/wiki/Francis_Tolentino" title="Francis Tolentino">Francis Tolentino</a> proposed that <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Laguna" title="San Pedro, Laguna">San Pedro, Laguna</a> be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in the first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">MMDA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Koko_Pimentel" title="Koko Pimentel">Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III</a> filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, Makati <a href="/wiki/Makati%E2%80%93Taguig_boundary_dispute" title="Makati–Taguig boundary dispute">lost the territorial dispute</a> with Taguig, which was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. Ten barangays, including the <a href="/wiki/Embo_(barangays)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embo (barangays)">Embo</a> barangays, were thus transferred to <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laud_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laud-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cayabyab_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cayabyab-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Manila" title="Geography of Manila">Geography of Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Land reclamation in Metro Manila">Land reclamation in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png/150px-Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png/225px-Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png/300px-Metro_Manila_Elevation_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan Manila, or the National Capital Region, is divided morphologically into three major parts. These are the: Central Plateau, Coastal Lowland, and Marikina Valley</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png/150px-Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png/225px-Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png/300px-Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>Drainage map of the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig</a>-<a href="/wiki/Marikina_River" title="Marikina River">Marikina River</a> system</figcaption></figure> <p>Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. The region lies along the flat <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> lands extending from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones: the Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands. </p><p>The Coastal Margin or Lowland is a flat and low plain that faces <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a>. Located here is <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, and the western part and reclaimed areas of <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, where the ground elevation ranges from zero meters on Manila Bay to five meters (16 ft) at the west side of the cities of <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>. The Coastal Lowland possesses resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development, and various <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation projects</a> in the area are meant for mixed-use urban development. </p><p>The Central or Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban development activities not only because of its solid geographical foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with the rest of Luzon. It is mainly residential and includes the densely populated areas of Metro Manila such <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, as well as most parts of <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>. The ground elevation ranges from 20 to 40 meters (66 to 131 ft) and gradually becomes lower towards its western side, while ground elevation ranges from 70 to 100 meters (230 to 330 ft) towards the northwestern side of the plateau. The area becomes narrower along the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a>. </p><p>The Marikina Valley is a <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Marikina_River" title="Marikina River">Marikina River</a> and a delta along <a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay" title="Laguna de Bay">Laguna de Bay</a>. Its elevation ranges from two meters (6 ft 7 in) on the Laguna de Bay side to 30 meters (98 ft) on its north side towards Montalban. It is surrounded by the Central Plateau and mountains of Rizal. It has fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while the <a href="/wiki/Marikina_River" title="Marikina River">Marikina River</a> provides water for industrial uses and discharge. </p><p>The Laguna Lowlands is not only suitable for <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> but also for industrial activity.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_hazards">Natural hazards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Natural hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg/220px-ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg/330px-ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg/440px-ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Flooding brought by <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Ketsana" title="Typhoon Ketsana">Typhoon Ketsana</a> (Tropical Storm Ondoy) in 2009 caused 484 deaths in Metro Manila alone.</figcaption></figure> <p>Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">floods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a>. It is surrounded by active <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Marikina_Valley_Fault_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikina Valley Fault System">Marikina Valley Fault System</a>. Other distant faults such as the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Fault_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Fault System">Philippine Faults</a>, Lubang Faults, <a href="/wiki/Manila_Trench" title="Manila Trench">Manila Trench</a> and Casiguran Faults, are a threat as well.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a>, where flood are generally linked with the <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tidal movements</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a> are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there is poor soil drainage and a shallow <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a> due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a>, where volcanic rocks rise up to 40 to 70 meters (130 to 230 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> was ranked as the second riskiest capital city after <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> to live in according to <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Re" title="Swiss Re">Swiss Re</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SD:MVF_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD:MVF-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, there are two climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical wet and dry climate</a> (Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern part of the region that lies on the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_(Philippines)" title="Sierra Madre (Philippines)">Sierra Madre</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a>. Together with the rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 15 °C or above 39 °C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 14.4 °C on January 11, 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 38.8 °C on April 27, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humidity levels are usually very high all year round. Manila has a distinct <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> from December through April, and a relatively lengthy <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but rainfall is very heavy during short periods. <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">Typhoons</a> usually occur from June to September.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2019)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Port Area, Manila (1981–2010, extremes 1885–2023) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(0.68) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(0.56) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(0.62) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(0.93) </td> <td style="background: #23FF23; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.2<br />(5.80) </td> <td style="background: #007700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">253.5<br />(9.98) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">420.5<br />(16.56) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">432.4<br />(17.02) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">355.1<br />(13.98) </td> <td style="background: #00A000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">234.8<br />(9.24) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.7<br />(4.79) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #00F300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,103.6<br />(82.82) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">139 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">74 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">258 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,105 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Atmospheric,_Geophysical_and_Astronomical_Services_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration">PAGASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a> (sun, 1931–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-DMI_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMI-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Pasay (<a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">Ninoy Aquino International Airport</a>) 1981–2010, extremes 1947–2024 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(0.27) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(0.17) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(0.16) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(0.63) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(2.77) </td> <td style="background: #006500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">265.2<br />(10.44) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">316.7<br />(12.47) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">418.4<br />(16.47) </td> <td style="background: #007500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">255.2<br />(10.05) </td> <td style="background: #005700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">283.4<br />(11.16) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.0<br />(3.90) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(1.13) </td> <td style="background: #1FFF1F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,767.8<br />(69.60) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: PAGASA<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Science Garden, Quezon City (1981–2010, extremes 1961–2024) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(0.73) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(0.57) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(0.98) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #00E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.7<br />(7.35) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">316.5<br />(12.46) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">493.3<br />(19.42) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">504.2<br />(19.85) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">451.2<br />(17.76) </td> <td style="background: #004300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">296.6<br />(11.68) </td> <td style="background: #19FF19; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.8<br />(5.86) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(3.10) </td> <td style="background: #00B800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,574.4<br />(101.35) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">153 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Atmospheric,_Geophysical_and_Astronomical_Services_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration">PAGASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of parks in Metro Manila">List of parks in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass,_right_side_(Manila;_01-01-2020).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass%2C_right_side_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29.jpg/220px-Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass%2C_right_side_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass%2C_right_side_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29.jpg/330px-Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass%2C_right_side_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass%2C_right_side_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29.jpg/440px-Rizal_Park_-_Jose_Rizal_Monument_with_grass%2C_right_side_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG/220px-View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG/330px-View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG/440px-View_from_the_pathway_at_Paco_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a> is a former municipal cemetery built by the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Era_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Colonial Era (Philippines)">Spanish colonial times</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four national parks in Metro Manila. These are the <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Circle" title="Quezon Memorial Circle">Quezon Memorial National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. Rizal Park and Paco Park are managed by the National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), while <a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a> is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Intramuros_Administration" title="Intramuros Administration">Intramuros Administration</a>. A tripartite agreement between the Quezon City Government, the National Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of <a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Circle" title="Quezon Memorial Circle">Quezon Memorial National Park</a> to the Quezon City Government.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region also has <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">three protected areas</a>, namely the Rizal Park, <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_Parks_%26_Wildlife_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center">Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center</a> and the Manila Bay Beach Resort.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2021)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>, also known as Luneta Park, is considered the largest <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">urban park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park along with the historic walled area of <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> are designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according to the Tourism Act of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-TourismAct_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TourismAct-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a> is a recreational garden which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by the Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filipino <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architect" title="Landscape architect">Landscape architect</a> <a href="/wiki/Ildefonso_P._Santos_Jr." title="Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.">IP Santos</a>, the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a park. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manila_Zoo" title="Manila Zoo">Manila Zoo</a> is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoo</a> in Asia, which was founded in 1959. It is the home to more than a thousand animals from 90 different species including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of 4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visit the zoo each month.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa_Ecopark" title="La Mesa Ecopark">La Mesa Ecopark</a> is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Waterworks_and_Sewerage_System" title="Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System">Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_Corporation" title="ABS-CBN Corporation">ABS-CBN</a>, and the Quezon City Government. <a href="/wiki/La_Mesa_Ecopark" title="La Mesa Ecopark">La Mesa Ecopark</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_Parks_%26_Wildlife_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center">Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center</a>, are important <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a> in the Philippines. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a>-<a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) was declared as a critical habitat by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government of the Philippines</a> in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-lppchea_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lppchea-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was listed by the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a> as a Wetland of International Importance in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LPPCHEA is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Island">Freedom Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> and the Long Island in <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a> that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, <a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">tidal mudflats</a>, secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation, a coastal lagoon, and a beach.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Metro_Manila" title="Administrative divisions of Metro Manila">Administrative divisions of Metro Manila</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayors_of_Metro_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors of Metro Manila">Mayors of Metro Manila</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_city_and_municipal_halls_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of city and municipal halls in Metro Manila">List of city and municipal halls in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_(local_img).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg/220px-Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg/330px-Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg/440px-Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="928" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañan Palace</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> and principal workplace of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batasan_front_qc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Batasan_front_qc.jpg/220px-Batasan_front_qc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Batasan_front_qc.jpg/330px-Batasan_front_qc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Batasan_front_qc.jpg/440px-Batasan_front_qc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa_Complex" title="Batasang Pambansa Complex">Batasang Pambansa Complex</a> is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_the_new_20-storey_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority_(MMDA)_Head_Office_Building_in_Pasig_City_which_was_inaugurated_by_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_on_May_23,_2022_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Photo_of_the_new_20-storey_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority_%28MMDA%29_Head_Office_Building_in_Pasig_City_which_was_inaugurated_by_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_on_May_23%2C_2022_01.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Photo_of_the_new_20-storey_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority_%28MMDA%29_Head_Office_Building_in_Pasig_City_which_was_inaugurated_by_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_on_May_23%2C_2022_01.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Photo_of_the_new_20-storey_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority_%28MMDA%29_Head_Office_Building_in_Pasig_City_which_was_inaugurated_by_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_on_May_23%2C_2022_01.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>The new <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a> (MMDA) Head Office Building (2022)</figcaption></figure> <p>The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on <a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991"</a>. This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with the principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a> (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Metro_Manila" title="Governor of Metro Manila">led by a governor</a>. </p><p>A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and is more akin to the <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">executive departments of the country</a> are in Metro Manila. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Department of Agrarian Reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Department of Agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources">Department of Environment and Natural Resources</a>, National Housing Authority and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coconut_Authority" title="Philippine Coconut Authority">Philippine Coconut Authority</a> has their main offices based around <a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Circle" title="Quezon Memorial Circle">Quezon Memorial Circle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, the capital city of the country, is the home to <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañan Palace</a>, the official residence and office of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a>. The city is also the home to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a>. Other key national institutions based in Manila are the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Departments_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Departments of the Philippines">Departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management" title="Department of Budget and Management">Budget and Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Labor and Employment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Public Works and Highways</a>. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Department of Science and Technology</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Department of Tourism</a> has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>. Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_the_Philippines" title="Development Bank of the Philippines">Development Bank of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_Bank_of_the_Philippines" title="Land Bank of the Philippines">Land Bank of the Philippines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">National Economic and Development Authority</a>. </p><p>The main office of the <a href="/wiki/Government_Service_Insurance_System" title="Government Service Insurance System">Government Service Insurance System</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> serves as home to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate of the Philippines</a>. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> is based in the <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa_Complex" title="Batasang Pambansa Complex">Batasang Pambansa Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Sandiganbayan" title="Sandiganbayan">Sandiganbayan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coconut_Palace" title="Coconut Palace">Coconut Palace</a> once served as the official office and residence of the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President of the Philippines</a> in 2010–2016 and then the <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City_Reception_House" title="Quezon City Reception House">Quezon City Reception House</a> for 2016-2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The political and administrative boundaries of the National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen <a href="/wiki/Cities_in_the_Philippines#Independent_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in the Philippines">independent cities</a>, classified as <i>highly urbanized cities</i>, and one independent municipality: <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png/300px-Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="582" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png/450px-Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png/600px-Metro_Manila_in_the_Philippines.png 2x" data-file-width="2762" data-file-height="5362" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Primary local government units of Metro Manila, 2023</div></figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BFF5FF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> † </span> <span style="font-size:90%;">Regional center</span></li></ul></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;text-align:right;font-size:95%;background-color:#FDFDFD;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable">City <span style="font-size:85%;">or</span><br />municipality </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;white-space:nowrap;" class="unsortable" colspan="2">Population <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–13_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" colspan="2">Area<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Areanone"><a href="#endnote_Areanone">[a]</a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" colspan="2">Density </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;">Incorporated (city) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;" colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:none none solid solid;">km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:none solid solid none;white-space:nowrap;" class="unsortable">sq mi </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:none none solid solid;">/km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-style:none solid solid none;white-space:nowrap;" class="unsortable">/sq mi </th> <th scope="col" style="border-top:none;"> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001123222120393086♠" style="display:none"></span>12.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,661,584 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.80 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1962 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000449623425836344♠" style="display:none"></span>4.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right">606,293 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.69 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.62 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1997 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000217096536739841♠" style="display:none"></span>2.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right">292,743 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.57 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1995 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000282192941772537♠" style="display:none"></span>2.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">380,522 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.71 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.07 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2001 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000315739700998082♠" style="display:none"></span>3.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right">425,758 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.59 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">120,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1994 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#BFF5FF;border-right:0;"><span data-sort-value="Manila !">† <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></span> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001136936349407191♠" style="display:none"></span>13.7%</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,846,513 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.35<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_ManilaCityAreanone"><a href="#endnote_ManilaCityAreanone">[b]</a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1571 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000338210749527864♠" style="display:none"></span>3.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right">456,059 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.52 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000403015708005258♠" style="display:none"></span>4.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right">543,445 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.75 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1995 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000183576474908676♠" style="display:none"></span>1.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right">247,543 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.94 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.45 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2007 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000511694126172775♠" style="display:none"></span>5.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">689,992 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.57 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.98 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000326787972705177♠" style="display:none"></span>3.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">440,656 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.97 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1947 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000595618126996835♠" style="display:none"></span>6.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right">803,159 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.46 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.71 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1995 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999483719706429518♠" style="display:none"></span>0.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right">65,227 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.66 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.64<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_PaterosAreanone"><a href="#endnote_PaterosAreanone">[c]</a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1909 (<i>Not a city</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7001219515468989419♠" style="display:none"></span>22.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,960,048 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">171.71 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66.30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1939 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="6999936982135438551♠" style="display:none"></span>0.9%</td> <td style="text-align:right">126,347 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2007 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000907411063192584♠" style="display:none"></span>9.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,223,595 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right"><span data-sort-value="7000530223601060242♠" style="display:none"></span>5.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right">714,978 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.02 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.15 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">13,484,462 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">636.00 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">245.56 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">21,000 </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">54,000 </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:none;border-bottom:none"> </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:left;background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:double grey;"> <td colspan="8" style="padding-left:1em;"> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Areanone"><a href="#ref_Areanone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> Land area figures are from the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Institute_of_Volcanology_and_Seismology" title="Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology">Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoscience_Australia" title="Geoscience Australia">Geoscience Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_ManilaCityAreanone"><a href="#ref_ManilaCityAreanone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> Land area of Manila from the City of Manila official government website.<sup id="cite_ref-ManilaCityArea-2024_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ManilaCityArea-2024-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_PaterosAreanone"><a href="#ref_PaterosAreanone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> Land area of Pateros from the Municipality of Pateros official government website.<sup id="cite_ref-PaterosGovPH-LandUse_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaterosGovPH-LandUse-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike other <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">administrative regions</a> in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">provinces</a>. Instead, the region is divided into four geographic areas called "districts".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The districts have their district centers at the four original cities in the region: the city-district of Manila (Capital District), <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> (Eastern Manila), <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> (Northern Manila, also informally known as <i>Camanava</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> (Southern Manila).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The districts serve mainly to organize the region's local government units for fiscal and statistical purposes. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg/250px-Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg/375px-Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg/500px-Districts_of_Metro_Manila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Metro Manila</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="left; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="4" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Districts of Metro Manila</b></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none; background-color:#FAF0E6;">District </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none; background-color:#FAF0E6;">Cities/Municipality </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none; background-color:#FAF0E6;">Population <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span> </th> <th scope="col" style="border-bottom:none; background-color:#FAF0E6;">Area </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#C83737; color:white;">Capital District<br />(1st District) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> </td> <td>1,846,513 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42.34 km<sup>2</sup><br />(16.35 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#FFCC00; color:black;">Eastern Manila District<br />(2nd District) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:right;""><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>4,771,371 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">236.36 km<sup>2</sup><br />(91.26 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#3771C8; color:white;">Northern Manila District (Camanava)<br />(3rd District) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:right;""><li><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>3,004,627 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">126.42 km<sup>2</sup><br />(48.81 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#37C871; color:black;">Southern Manila District<br />(4th District) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:right;""><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>3,861,951 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">208.28 km<sup>2</sup><br />(80.42 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FAF0E6;"> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FAF0E6; border-right:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metro Manila</a> </th> <td style="border-left:none;"> </td> <td>13,484,462 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">636.00 km<sup>2</sup><br />(245.56 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; font-style:italic;" colspan="4">Sources: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Population<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–13_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Land area<sup id="cite_ref-arearef1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arearef1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arearef2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arearef2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Pateros area<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_expansion">Future expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Future expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a high demand for the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Laguna" title="San Pedro, Laguna">San Pedro, Laguna</a> in Metro Manila. Support groups from the local government and non-government organizations are striving to incorporate San Pedro into Metro Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>San Pedro is being looked at as the 18th member of Metro Manila. Former Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Chairman <a href="/wiki/Francis_Tolentino" title="Francis Tolentino">Francis Tolentino</a> is pushing for the inclusion of San Pedro in the National Capital Region, to eventually become its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in the first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the MMDA.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:auto;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census of Metro Manila</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1903 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">328,939</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1918 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">461,166</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">993,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,569,128</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,462,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,966,695</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,970,006</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,925,884</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,948,392</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,454,040</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,932,560</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,566,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,855,975</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,877,253</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,484,462</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.91%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Philippine Statistics Authority<sup id="cite_ref-2010_Census_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_Census-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCR_PDF_Census_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCR_PDF_Census-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PSA15–13_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–13-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Metro Manila has a population of <span data-sort-value="7007134844620000000♠">13,484,462</span> according to the 2020 national census.<sup id="cite_ref-PSA20–13_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PSA20–13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its total urban area, composed of the urban agglomeration which refers to the continuous urban expansion of Metro Manila into the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a> has an estimated population of <span data-sort-value="7007241000000000000♠">24,100,000</span> as of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-citypop-Aggs_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-Aggs-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second most populous (after <a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a>) and most densely populated region in the Philippines, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">7th most populous metropolitan area in Asia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas by population">4th most populous urban area in the world</a>. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Makati%E2%80%93Taguig_boundary_dispute" title="Makati–Taguig boundary dispute">transfer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Embo_(barangays)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embo (barangays)">Embo barangays</a> from Makati to Taguig in 2023, the most populous cities in Metro Manila are <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> (2,960,048), <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (1,846,513), <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a> (1,661,584), <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> (886,722), <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> (803,159), <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Valenzuela, Philippines">Valenzuela</a> (714,978), <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a> (689,992), <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a> (606,293), <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> (629,616), and <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a> (543,445). </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty,_housing_and_urban_slums"><span id="Poverty.2C_housing_and_urban_slums"></span>Poverty, housing and urban slums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Poverty, housing and urban slums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Slums_in_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums in Manila">Slums in Manila</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-left"><div><p style="margin-left: 20px;"><b>Poverty incidence of Metro Manila</b></p> <table style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding-top:10px;margin-top:1em;max-width:420px;" class="chart noresize"> <div style="position:relative;min-height:300px;min-width:420px;max-width:420px;"> <div style="float:right;position:relative;min-height:220px;min-width:320px;max-width:320px;border-left:1px black solid;border-bottom:1px black solid;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:7.5px;top:15px;height:204px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Metro Manila: 4.66"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:60.5px;top:61px;height:158px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Metro Manila: 3.62"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:113.5px;top:48px;height:171px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Metro Manila: 3.91"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:166.5px;top:41px;height:178px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Metro Manila: 4.07"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:219.5px;top:121px;height:98px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Metro Manila: 2.25"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:272.5px;top:123px;height:96px;min-width:36px;max-width:36px;background-color:#D4AF37;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;border:1px solid #D4AF37;border-bottom:none;overflow:hidden;" title="Metro Manila: 2.2"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;height:220px;min-width:100px;max-width:100px;"> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:166px;padding:0 2px">1</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:176px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:122px;padding:0 2px">2</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:132px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:78px;padding:0 2px">3</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:88px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:34px;padding:0 2px">4</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:44px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;height=20px;text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;width:90px;top:-10px;padding:0 2px">5</div> <div style="position:absolute;height=1px;min-width:5px;top:0px;left:96px;border:1px solid black;"></div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;top:220px;left:100px;width:320px;"> <div style="position:absolute;left:1px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2006 <br /> 4.66</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:26.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:54px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2009 <br /> 3.62</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:79.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:107px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2012 <br /> 3.91</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:132.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:160px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2015 <br /> 4.07</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:185.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:213px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2018 <br /> 2.25</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:238.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:266px;top:10px;min-width:51px;max-width:51px;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2021 <br /> 2.20</div> <div style="position:absolute;left:291.5px;height:10px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid black;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <p style="margin-left: 20px;"> <b>Source:</b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">Philippine Statistics Authority</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style"><span title="A key is needed for the graph, map, or diagram preceding this tag. (June 2024)">key needed</span></a> thousands? percentages? what?</i>]</sup></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG/220px-WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG/330px-WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG/440px-WTMP_Noel_Gonong_DSC_0077.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Mountain" title="Smokey Mountain">Smokey Mountain Development and Reclamation Project</a> for the former <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Mountain" title="Smokey Mountain">Smokey Mountain</a> dumpsite and slum community is a prime example of in-city relocation housing for informal settler families in <a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the 1980s up to the present, informal settlers have accounted for roughly one-third of the Metro Manila population.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority of informal settlers belong to the middle-class.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, there are an estimated four million <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slum</a> dwellers living in Metro Manila. <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">Homelessness</a> is also a major problem in Metro Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these are being addressed by creating in-city relocation housing, and by relocating informal settler families in low-density housing built in the nearby provinces of <a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the American occupation, housing policies in Manila dealt the problem of sanitation and concentration of settlers around business areas. Among those implemented were business codes and sanitation laws in slum areas in the 1930s. During this period and until the 1950s, new communities were opened for relocation. Among these were Projects 1–8 in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> and the Vitas tenement houses in Tondo. The government implemented the Public Housing Policy in 1947 that established the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC). A few years later, it put up the Slum Clearance Committee which, with the help of the PHHC, relocated thousands of families from Tondo and Quezon City to Sapang Palay in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_del_Monte" title="San Jose del Monte">San Jose del Monte</a>, Bulacan in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the time of President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> supported the programs for the "development of relocation" and "on-site development". <a href="/wiki/Carmona,_Cavite" title="Carmona, Cavite">Carmona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as" title="Dasmariñas">Dasmariñas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro,_Laguna" title="San Pedro, Laguna">San Pedro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> opened as relocation sites. Along with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/National_Housing_Authority_(Philippines)" title="National Housing Authority (Philippines)">National Housing Authority (Philippines)</a>, Presidential Decree 772 made squatting a crime, making the Philippines one of only two countries (the other is <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>) where squatting is a crime. The government formulated the National Shelter Program which became the over-all framework for dealing with housing needs of all income classes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> held both the position as Governor of Metro Manila and as Minister of Human Settlements and Ecology (MHSE) until the downfall of the dictatorship in 1986. The MHSE, through loans from the World Bank, initiated the Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS) housing projects not only in Metro Manila but also in other provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1960 to 1992, the government transferred some 328,000 families to resettlement sites 25 to 40 km (16 to 25 mi) from Metro Manila. According to the Asian Coalition on Housing Rights, during President Corazon C. Aquino's time, the government would bring some 100,000 persons to relocation sites yearly. During the said period, Sapang Palay and Carmona had a 60% abandonment rate. Congress enacted Republic Act No. 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA) in 1992. The law gave a new name for the <a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatters</a>: informal settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essentially, UDHA gives protection for big private ownership of land in the urban areas, ensuring that these are protected from illegal occupants. The law also widened the scope of private sector participation in the National Shelter Program (NSP).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the middle of the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a>, infrastructure projects of the government led to the demolition of hundreds of thousands of families (from along railways, <a href="/wiki/Circumferential_Road_4" title="Circumferential Road 4">C-4 Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circumferential_Road_5" title="Circumferential Road 5">C-5 Road</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Fort Bonifacio</a>). During the same period, new relocation sites in Bulacan, Valenzuela and Caloocan opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary mainstream spoken casual <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> language is <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>), which is taught in all schools across Metro Manila under Filipino class. The main <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">formal</a> <a href="/wiki/Medium_of_instruction" title="Medium of instruction">medium of instruction</a> used in schools and the main language (at least primarily in most written contexts) for commerce, industry, and government is <a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a>, ever since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American colonial era</a>. Meanwhile formerly, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Spanish</a> used to be the <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">formal</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish colonial era</a> till the 20th century and is now mostly <a href="/wiki/Moribund_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moribund language">moribund</a> across Metro Manila, besides the rare few families who may privately use it and the Spanish taught in a few schools and universities as a foreign language elective. Among <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Filipino">Chinese Filipinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hokkien" title="Philippine Hokkien">Philippine Hokkien</a> may also occasionally be heard spoken amongst fellow speakers especially within households, schools, churches, temples, businesses who privately use it, while <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>) is taught in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_school" title="Chinese school">Chinese class</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Chinese schools in the Philippines">Chinese Filipino schools</a> and as a foreign language elective in a few schools and universities. There are also the occasional speaker of other <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a> coming from the provinces working, studying, or living in Metro Manila, such as speakers of <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano Bisaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiligaynon_language" title="Hiligaynon language">Hiligaynon (Ilonggo)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Bikol" title="Central Bikol">Central Bikolano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangasinan_language" title="Pangasinan language">Pangasinense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waray_language" title="Waray language">Waray</a>, etc. There are also the rare <a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_the_Philippines" title="Japanese in the Philippines">Japanese Filipino</a> that speaks <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_Philippines" title="Koreans in the Philippines">Korean Filipino</a> that speaks <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_Philippines" title="Iranians in the Philippines">Iranian Filipino</a> that speaks <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Farsi</a> (Persian), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Filipino" title="Indian Filipino">Indian Filipino</a> that speaks <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> or etc. There are also a few <a href="/wiki/Japanese_school" title="Japanese school">Japanese schools</a> teaching <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> in Japanese class in Metro Manila, such as the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Japanese_School" title="Manila Japanese School">Manila Japanese School</a> and of course, a few schools and universities teaching it as a foreign language elective. Other languages also taught as foreign language electives in some universities and schools in Metro Manila besides those aforementioned are those such as, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Bahasa Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, etc. Besides <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, there are also other <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a> distributed across Metro Manila in languages such as <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/United_Daily_News_(Philippines)" title="United Daily News (Philippines)">United Daily News</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_News_(newspaper)" title="World News (newspaper)">World News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Commercial_News" title="Chinese Commercial News">Chinese Commercial News</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Shimbun" title="Manila Shimbun">Manila Shimbun</a>), <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> (i.e. Manila Seoul, Weekly Manila, Ilyo Shinmun,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.) to cater to the aforementioned readers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_Stock_Exchange_(BGC,_Taguig)(2018-06-04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Philippine_Stock_Exchange_%28BGC%2C_Taguig%29%282018-06-04%29.jpg/170px-Philippine_Stock_Exchange_%28BGC%2C_Taguig%29%282018-06-04%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Philippine_Stock_Exchange_%28BGC%2C_Taguig%29%282018-06-04%29.jpg/255px-Philippine_Stock_Exchange_%28BGC%2C_Taguig%29%282018-06-04%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Philippine_Stock_Exchange_%28BGC%2C_Taguig%29%282018-06-04%29.jpg/340px-Philippine_Stock_Exchange_%28BGC%2C_Taguig%29%282018-06-04%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Philippine Stock Exchange</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The National Capital Region accounts for 31.1% of the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> of the Philippines in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it has the highest per capita GDP of the country at <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>530,945</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The employment rate in the region is at 91.3% as of April 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>, the 2014 share of output by industry in Metro Manila is as follows: trade and tourism: 31.4%, business/finance: 28.6%, local/non-market: 15.6%, manufacturing: 12.5%, transportation: 4.9%, construction: 4%, utilities: 2.8%, and commodities: 0.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Manila would add 1.85 million square meters (7.1<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup><span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> sq mi) of office spaces between 2015 and 2017 in the central business districts in <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> as more global firms such as <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> and <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> seek to outsource business processes in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vacancy rate for office spaces remains low, at less 3% in the year-end of 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manila remains as the least expensive capital city in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> to occupy prime office space at an average rent of $22 per square meter per month.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Manila makes it to the "Global Top 30" cities according to property consultancy firm <a href="/wiki/Jones_Lang_LaSalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jones Lang LaSalle">Jones Lang LaSalle</a>, citing its economic scale, vast population, large gross domestic product and BPO specialization as its competitive edge.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the region ranks 3rd for the top <a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing" title="Business process outsourcing">business process outsourcing</a> global destinations, next to <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region's retail sector remains strong, bolstered by remittances abroad, BPOs, and its tourism sector.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg/220px-Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg/330px-Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg/440px-Filipino-Chinese_Friendship_Arch_at_Binondo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a>, founded in 1594, is considered as the oldest <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">chinatown</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the main business district of the metropolis was <a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a>, where commercial trading flourished since the 15th century. By the 1960s, economic activities shifted from Binondo to <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>. It transformed Makati into one of the leading financial centers in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Still, Binondo remained as a cultural and financial center because of the vast Chinese population residing and doing business in the area. </p><p>The minimum wage of Metro Manila is at <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱645.00</span> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="United States dollars">$</a>13.1) per-day for non-agricultural workers and at <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱608.00</span> ($12.35) per-day for those working in the agricultural sector,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the highest minimum wage among all the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">17 regions</a> of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, an increase of ₱25 was made and implemented in November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nominal wages are what Metro Manila's current minimum wage rates are known as. The Philippine government has set these wage rates at a fixed amount. </p><p>On the other hand, the amount after <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> is what is considered the real minimum wage. For instance, the non-agricultural employees of NCR typically receive ₱428.23 ($8.7) per day as opposed to ₱537 ($10.9). The minimum salary for agricultural employees in Manila (including plantation and non-plantation workers) is <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱398.72</span> ($8.1) after accounting for inflation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_business_districts">Central business districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Central business districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection,_Makati_City,_July_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection%2C_Makati_City%2C_July_2023.jpg/220px-V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection%2C_Makati_City%2C_July_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection%2C_Makati_City%2C_July_2023.jpg/330px-V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection%2C_Makati_City%2C_July_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection%2C_Makati_City%2C_July_2023.jpg/440px-V.A._Rufino_St._and_Ayala_Avenue_Intersection%2C_Makati_City%2C_July_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Avenue" title="Ayala Avenue">Ayala Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg/220px-View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg/330px-View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg/440px-View_from_Grand_Hyatt_Manila_overlooking_Bonifacio_Global_City_and_Makati_skylines_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a> is a master planned central business district that used to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Philippine Army headquarters</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg/220px-Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg/330px-Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg/440px-Ortigas_at_Night_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a> in the eastern part of Metro Manila.</figcaption></figure> <p>Metro Manila has many central business districts (CBD), which categorizes it under the <a href="/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model" title="Multiple nuclei model">multiple nuclei model</a> in <a href="/wiki/Human_geography" title="Human geography">human geography</a> terms. The most prominent CBDs are the <a href="/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_District" title="Makati Central Business District">Makati Central Business District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Filinvest_City" title="Filinvest City">Filinvest City</a>. The region also has plenty of <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use developments</a> owned and developed by private corporations such as the <a href="/wiki/Ayala_Corporation" title="Ayala Corporation">Ayala Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/LT_Group" title="LT Group">Eton Properties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megaworld_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaworld Corporation">Megaworld Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/SM_Prime_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="SM Prime Holdings">SM Prime Holdings</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_District" title="Makati Central Business District">Makati Central Business District</a> is the premier business and commercial center of the Philippines. It is the headquarters to most of the multinational corporations residing in the Philippines as well as the country's biggest commercial firms and BPO companies.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Central Business District has an office stock of 1.1 million square meters of Grade A and premium office space.<sup id="cite_ref-Fort_Bonifacio_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fort_Bonifacio-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the home to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila">tallest skyscrapers in the region</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in the Philippines">in the country</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a> is the newest business district of Manila and is the premier financial and lifestyle center of the metropolis. It is located in the north-western part of <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>. It used to be a military base known as <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Fort Bonifacio</a>. The Bases and Conversion Development Authority (BCDA) privatized the property and its income from the sale was intended to be used for the modernization of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a>. Upon its privatization, the place was transformed into a business hub featuring numerous tourist attractions such as <a href="/wiki/The_Mind_Museum" title="The Mind Museum">The Mind Museum</a>, high-end shops, towering office skyscrapers, and luxurious lofts and condominiums. Bonifacio Global City will soon overtake the <a href="/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_District" title="Makati Central Business District">Makati Central Business District</a> as the premier financial center of the country in the future. One of the reasons for it is that the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Philippine Stock Exchange</a> will relocate its headquarters in BGC. Also, it has more spaces and land for future developments. It is also the most active business district, generating over 50 percent of the growth in property market and has more available space for rent or lease and sale than Makati.<sup id="cite_ref-Fort_Bonifacio_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fort_Bonifacio-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a> is a central business district located in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, with a small portion of it located in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. Landmarks in Ortigas include the <a href="/wiki/EDSA_Shrine" title="EDSA Shrine">EDSA Shrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shangri-La_Plaza_(shopping_mall)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangri-La Plaza (shopping mall)">Shangri-La Plaza</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SM_Megamall" title="SM Megamall">SM Megamall</a>. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/The_Medical_City" title="The Medical City">The Medical City</a> has its main campus in Ortigas Center. Important financial and national institutions headquartered in Ortigas are the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_Bank_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Bank of the Philippines">Union Bank of the Philippines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">National Economic and Development Authority</a>. Ortigas is also the home to the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Corporation" title="San Miguel Corporation">San Miguel Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jollibee_Foods_Corporation" title="Jollibee Foods Corporation">Jollibee Foods Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lopez_Group_of_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopez Group of Companies">Lopez Group of Companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meralco" title="Meralco">The Manila Electric Company</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of shopping malls in Metro Manila">List of shopping malls in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif/lossy-page1-220px-View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif/lossy-page1-330px-View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif/lossy-page1-440px-View_of_Pasay_City_at_SM_Mall_of_Asia.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5920" data-file-height="3947" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia" title="SM Mall of Asia">SM Mall of Asia Complex</a> (2016)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Blue" title="Global Blue">Global Blue</a></i> ranked Manila as one of the "Best Shopping Destinations" in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metro Manila is home to some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_shopping_malls_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest shopping malls in the world">largest shopping malls in the world</a>, five of which are in the top 20. <a href="/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia" title="SM Mall of Asia">SM Mall of Asia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> ranks as the 5th largest shopping mall in the world, followed by <a href="/wiki/SM_North_EDSA" title="SM North EDSA">SM North EDSA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> bagging the 13th place. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/SM_Megamall" title="SM Megamall">SM Megamall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a> ranks as the 15th largest <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping mall</a> in the world. Other significant shopping malls in Metro Manila are the Ever Gotesco Commonwealth Center, <a href="/wiki/Festival_Supermall" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Supermall">Festival Supermall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenbelt_(Ayala_Center)" title="Greenbelt (Ayala Center)">Greenbelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market!_Market!" title="Market! Market!">Market! Market!</a>, <a href="/wiki/SM_Aura_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="SM Aura Premier">SM Aura Premier</a>, <a href="/wiki/SM_Southmall" title="SM Southmall">SM Southmall</a> and <a href="/wiki/TriNoma" class="mw-redirect" title="TriNoma">TriNoma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_gambling">Tourism and gambling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tourism and gambling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Manila">Tourism in Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Metro_Manila" title="Gambling in Metro Manila">Gambling in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn,_Manila,_Filipinas,_2023-08-27,_DD_73.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn%2C_Manila%2C_Filipinas%2C_2023-08-27%2C_DD_73.jpg/220px-Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn%2C_Manila%2C_Filipinas%2C_2023-08-27%2C_DD_73.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn%2C_Manila%2C_Filipinas%2C_2023-08-27%2C_DD_73.jpg/330px-Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn%2C_Manila%2C_Filipinas%2C_2023-08-27%2C_DD_73.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn%2C_Manila%2C_Filipinas%2C_2023-08-27%2C_DD_73.jpg/440px-Iglesia_de_San_Agust%C3%ADn%2C_Manila%2C_Filipinas%2C_2023-08-27%2C_DD_73.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5518" data-file-height="5635" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Agustin_Church_(Manila)" title="San Agustin Church (Manila)">San Agustin Church</a>, built in 1604, is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a> is a vital industry of the region. Metro Manila is the main gateway to the Philippines. Trade and tourism represent 31.4% of share of NCR's output by industry according to <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metro Manila welcomed 974,379 overnight visitors in 2012, making it the top overnight tourist destination of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> is visited by the majority of international tourists coming to the country registering a total of 3,139,756 arrivals in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Manila has opened 4,612 hotel rooms in 2015. It is also expected to exceed the 3,500 annual addition of hotel rooms in the next two years.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambling in Manila">Gambling in Metro Manila</a> has also become a popular tourist attraction in the region. Metro Manila is a popular gaming destination in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rivaling other major gaming destinations such as <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are around 20 casinos in the metropolis,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring luxurious <a href="/wiki/Casino_hotel" title="Casino hotel">casino hotels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Integrated_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated resort">integrated resorts</a>. Its thriving local gambling market makes Manila attractive to casino operators.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular gaming destinations are <a href="/wiki/Newport_World_Resorts" title="Newport World Resorts">Newport World Resorts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport_City,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Newport City, Philippines">Newport City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaire_Resort_%26_Casino" title="Solaire Resort & Casino">Solaire Resort & Casino</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Dreams_Manila" title="City of Dreams Manila">City of Dreams Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okada_Manila" title="Okada Manila">Okada Manila</a>, Westside City Resorts World, and <a href="/wiki/NayonLanding" class="mw-redirect" title="NayonLanding">NayonLanding</a> in <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_City" title="Entertainment City">Entertainment City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Metro_Manila" title="Bay City, Metro Manila">Bay City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Okada_Manila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Okada_Manila.jpg/220px-Okada_Manila.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Okada_Manila.jpg/330px-Okada_Manila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/66/Okada_Manila.jpg/440px-Okada_Manila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Okada_Manila" title="Okada Manila">Okada Manila</a> is one of Metro Manila's integrated casino resort and hotel complex.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> is the historic walled area within the modern City of Manila. Originally, it was considered to be Manila itself at the time when the Philippines was under the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> colonial rule. Owing to its history and cultural value, <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> were designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone in the Tourism Act of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-TourismAct_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TourismAct-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Intramuros_Administration" title="Intramuros Administration">Intramuros Administration</a>. </p><p>The architecture of Intramuros reflects the Spanish colonial style and the American <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical architectural style</a>, since the Philippines was a colony of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> before it was granted its independence in 1946. <a href="/wiki/Kalesa" title="Kalesa">Kalesa</a> is a popular mode of transportation in Intramuros and nearby places<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>. </p><p>Popular tourist destinations in Intramuros include the Baluarte de San Diego, Club Intramuros Golf Course, <a href="/wiki/Cuartel_de_Santa_Lucia" title="Cuartel de Santa Lucia">Cuartel de Santa Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palacio_Arzobispal" title="Palacio Arzobispal">Palacio Arzobispal</a>, Palacio de Santa Potenciana, Palacio del Gobernador, Plaza Mexico, Plaza de Roma, <a href="/wiki/San_Agustin_Church_(Manila)" title="San Agustin Church (Manila)">San Agustin Church</a> and its newest tourist attraction, the <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_de_Manila" title="Ayuntamiento de Manila">Ayuntamiento de Manila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the country's oldest schools are founded in <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, these are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> (1611), <a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a> (1620), and <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> (1859). Only <a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a> (1620) remains at Intramuros; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> transferred to a new campus at <a href="/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a> in 1927, and Ateneo left Intramuros for Loyola Heights, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> (while still retaining "de Manila" in its name) in 1952. Other prominent educational institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Manila_High_School_(Intramuros)" title="Manila High School (Intramuros)">Manila High School</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_City_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the City of Manila">University of the City of Manila</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_contemporary_life"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Culture"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Culture</span></span> and contemporary life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture and contemporary life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila">List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annual_events_in_Metro_Manila" title="Annual events in Metro Manila">Annual events in Metro Manila</a></div> <p>Metro Manila is widely celebrated in popular lore, frequently the setting for mostly Filipino books, movies, and television programs. <a href="/wiki/Flores_de_Mayo" title="Flores de Mayo">Flores de Mayo</a> is widely celebrated throughout all the places in Metro Manila. The yearly <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a>, inaugurated in 1966, is the forerunner of all Philippine film festivals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of museums in Metro Manila">List of museums in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg/220px-%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg/330px-%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg/440px-%27Spoliarium%27_by_Juan_Luna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4886" data-file-height="3166" /></a><figcaption>"<i><a href="/wiki/Spoliarium" title="Spoliarium">Spoliarium</a></i>", displayed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines" title="National Museum of the Philippines">National Museum of the Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Metro Manila is the home to the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines" title="National Museum of the Philippines">National Museum of the Philippines</a>, the national museum of the country. It operates a chain of museums located in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> just outside <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)">National Museum of Fine Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Anthropology_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Anthropology (Manila)">National Museum of Anthropology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Natural History (Manila)">National Museum of Natural History</a>. The National Museum complex occupies the place and buildings that were a part of a new capital center proposed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a> in 1901. </p><p>Prominent museums in Metro Manila include the <a href="/wiki/Ayala_Museum" title="Ayala Museum">Ayala Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahay_Tsinoy" title="Bahay Tsinoy">Bahay Tsinoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casa_Manila" title="Casa Manila">Casa Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lopez_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopez Museum">Lopez Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Manila" title="Metropolitan Museum of Manila">Metropolitan Museum of Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mind_Museum" title="The Mind Museum">The Mind Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Pambata" title="Museo Pambata">Museo Pambata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Valenzuela" title="Museo Valenzuela">Museo Valenzuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Philippine_Political_History" title="Museum of Philippine Political History">Museum of Philippine Political History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasig_City_Museum" title="Pasig City Museum">Pasig City Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Shrine_(Intramuros)" title="Rizal Shrine (Intramuros)">Rizal Shrine</a>. Museums established by educational institutions are the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_Art_Gallery" title="Ateneo Art Gallery">Ateneo Art Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_B._Vargas_Museum_and_Filipiniana_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center">Jorge B. Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center</a>, Museum of Contemporary Art and Design,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Museum_of_a_History_of_Ideas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines Museum of a History of Ideas">UP Museum of a History of Ideas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/UST_Museum_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="UST Museum of Arts and Sciences">UST Museum of Arts and Sciences</a>. </p><p>The national theater of the Philippines, known as the "<i><a href="/wiki/Tanghalang_Pambansa" title="Tanghalang Pambansa">Tanghalang Pambansa</a></i>", is situated on a 62 hectares (150 acres) cultural center called the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines_Complex" title="Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex">Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex</a>. The complex is located between the cities of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>. Aside from the CCP, other popular performing arts venue include Cuneta Astrodome, <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Asia_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Mall of Asia Arena">Mall of Asia Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Circle" title="Quezon Memorial Circle">Quezon Memorial Circle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smart_Araneta_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart Araneta Coliseum">Smart Araneta Coliseum</a>. Other venues used are the UPFI Film Center and UP Theater in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a>. The famed <a href="/wiki/Manila_Metropolitan_Theater" title="Manila Metropolitan Theater">Manila Metropolitan Theater</a>, also known as The Met, was constructed in 1931 and was known as the "Grand Dame" among all the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_theaters_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Deco theaters of Manila">Art Deco theaters of Manila</a>. Years of neglect forces its closure in 1996. The Met will be restored through a tripartite agreement with the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Culture_and_the_Arts" title="National Commission for Culture and the Arts">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</a>, the National Museum of the Philippines and the Escuela Taller. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the artist-run art gallery: <a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space_Contemporary" title="Light and Space Contemporary">Light and Space Contemporary</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> is the predominant religion in Metro Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Christian denominations, Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Dambana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dambana">Anitists</a>, animists, and atheists are the minority. Among the most important religious sites in the region are <a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Sebastian_Church_(Manila)" title="San Sebastian Church (Manila)">San Sebastian Church (Manila)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tondo_Church" title="Tondo Church">Tondo Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Agustin_Church_(Manila)" title="San Agustin Church (Manila)">San Agustin Church (Manila)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quiapo_Church" title="Quiapo Church">Quiapo Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baclaran_Church" title="Baclaran Church">Baclaran Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg/220px-Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg/330px-Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg/440px-Mall_of_Asia_Arena_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3491" data-file-height="2618" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/2019_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Southeast Asian Games">2019 Southeast Asian Games</a> basketball game held at the <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Asia_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Mall of Asia Arena">Mall of Asia Arena</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Capital Region is the home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Basketball_League" title="ASEAN Basketball League">ASEAN Basketball League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Philippines">Baseball Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association" title="Philippine Basketball Association">Philippine Basketball Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Pilipinas_Basketball_League" title="Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League">Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Super_Liga" title="Philippine Super Liga">Philippine Super Liga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_Volleyball_League" title="Premier Volleyball League">Shakey's V-League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines_Football_League" title="Philippines Football League">Philippines Football League</a>. Collegiate leagues based in the National Capital Region are the <a href="/wiki/Colleges_and_Universities_Sports_Association" title="Colleges and Universities Sports Association">Colleges and Universities Sports Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Athletic_Association_of_Schools,_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities">National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_(Philippines)" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_Athletic_Association" title="National Capital Region Athletic Association">National Capital Region Athletic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Colleges_and_Universities_Athletic_Association" title="State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association">State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universities_and_Colleges_Athletic_Association" title="Universities and Colleges Athletic Association">Universities and Colleges Athletic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association_of_the_Philippines" title="University Athletic Association of the Philippines">University Athletic Association of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association">Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Men's National Collegiate Athletic Association">Men's National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Makati" title="University of Makati">University of Makati</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Local_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Association of Local Colleges and Universities">Association of Local Colleges and Universities</a>. </p><p>Two national sports complex is located in the region, the <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Memorial_Sports_Complex" title="Rizal Memorial Sports Complex">Rizal Memorial Sports Complex</a> and the <a href="/wiki/PhilSports_Complex" title="PhilSports Complex">PhilSports Complex</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wack_Wack_Golf_and_Country_Club" title="Wack Wack Golf and Country Club">Wack Wack Golf and Country Club</a> has hosted major tournaments such as the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Open_(golf)" title="Philippine Open (golf)">Philippine Open</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Cup_(men%27s_golf)" title="World Cup (men's golf)">World Cup</a>. Prominent sporting venues in Metro Manila include the <a href="/wiki/Smart_Araneta_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart Araneta Coliseum">Smart Araneta Coliseum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_Asia_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Mall of Asia Arena">Mall of Asia Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filoil_Flying_V_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Filoil Flying V Arena">Filoil Flying V Arena</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cuneta_Astrodome" title="Cuneta Astrodome">Cuneta Astrodome</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Greater Manila Area</a> is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Arena" title="Philippine Arena">Philippine Arena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_by_capacity" title="List of indoor arenas by capacity">world's largest indoor arena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in <a href="/wiki/Bocaue" title="Bocaue">Bocaue</a>, Bulacan and it has a maximum capacity of 55,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Manila's, and in general the country's main sport is <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>. Another popular sport in the city are cue sports, and billiard halls are found in many places. <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a> are also widely played sports. The region has been the champion of the <a href="/wiki/Palarong_Pambansa" title="Palarong Pambansa">Palarong Pambansa</a> for 13 straight years.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Manila_Storm" title="Manila Storm">Manila Storm</a> are a rugby league team training out of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a> (Luneta Park) and playing home matches at the Southern Plains Field, <a href="/wiki/Calamba,_Laguna" title="Calamba, Laguna">Calamba, Laguna</a>. The Metro Manila area is also home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> teams such as the Alabang Eagles, Makati Mavericks, <a href="/wiki/Manila_Nomads_Sports_Club" title="Manila Nomads Sports Club">Manila Nomads Sports Club</a> and the Manila Hapons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_resources">Human resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Human resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Metro_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities and colleges in Metro Manila">List of universities and colleges in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg/220px-Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg/330px-Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg/440px-Quezon_Hall_and_the_Oblation_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> is the flagship university of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines </a>System since 1949.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg/220px-400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg/330px-400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg/440px-400_Year_old_Beauty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4964" data-file-height="3310" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>, established in 1611, has the oldest <a href="/wiki/Extant_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant literature">extant</a> university charter in Asia.</figcaption></figure><p>Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila has been the center of education. The country's top ranked universities, colloquially known as the "<a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(universities)" title="Big Four (universities)">Big Four</a>", located in Metro Manila, are widely known to be as follows, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_University" title="De La Salle University">De La Salle University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> (1611), <a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a> (1620) and <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a> (1859) are some of the oldest educational institutions that was established during the colonial period. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>, along with seven other <a href="/wiki/State_university_and_college_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="State university and college (Philippines)">State Universities and Colleges</a> (SUC), namely the <a href="/wiki/Eulogio_%22Amang%22_Rodriguez_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology">Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marikina_Polytechnic_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikina Polytechnic College">Marikina Polytechnic College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Normal_University" title="Philippine Normal University">Philippine Normal University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_State_College_of_Aeronautics" title="Philippine State College of Aeronautics">Philippine State College of Aeronautics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_the_Philippines" title="Polytechnic University of the Philippines">Polytechnic University of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Technological_University" title="Rizal Technological University">Rizal Technological University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Technological_University_of_the_Philippines" title="Technological University of the Philippines">Technological University of the Philippines</a>, are based in Metro Manila. Manila's <a href="/wiki/University_Belt" title="University Belt">University Belt</a> form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in the Philippines, making Manila the center for <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">higher learning</a> in the country. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png/220px-DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png/330px-DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png/440px-DLSU_La_Salle_Hall_front.png 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_University" title="De La Salle University">De La Salle University (DLSU)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Notable secondary schools in Metro Manila include the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Science_High_School" title="Philippine Science High School">Philippine Science High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diliman,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Diliman, Quezon City">Diliman, Quezon City</a>, the national <a href="/wiki/Science_education" title="Science education">science school</a> of the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/St._Lino_Science_High_School" title="St. Lino Science High School">St. Lino Science High School</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Science_High_School" title="Manila Science High School">Manila Science High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a>, the forerunner of all the science schools in the country. Primary and secondary education is in the region is governed by the Department of Education-National Capital Region (DepEd-NCR). Meanwhile, the higher educational institutions are under the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Higher_Education_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)">CHED</a>-National Capital Region. </p><p>The region has the highest literacy rate among all the regions of the Philippines, with 99.2% in 2008. Literacy rate for males is at 99.0% while literacy rate for females is at 99.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the school year of 2008–2009, Metro Manila has 511 public elementary schools and 220 public secondary schools. There are 309 tertiary (public and private) institutions as of the year-end of 2009. For the said school year, enrollment in public elementary schools is at 1,219,333, public secondary schools at 661,019 and 687,096 for tertiary (public and private) institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-NCR_Statwatch_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCR_Statwatch-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_health">Public health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Public health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of hospitals in Metro Manila">List of hospitals in Metro Manila</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Healthcare</a> in Metro Manila is mostly provided by private corporations. 72% of region's hospitals are privately owned. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the region has 179 hospitals. <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> has the most hospitals while <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Valenzuela, Philippines">Valenzuela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a> do not have any.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, government health workers in NCR comprises 590 doctors, 498 dentists, 4,576 nurses, and 17,437 midwives. Furthermore, Metro Manila has 27,779 beds with a ratio of 2.47 per 1,000 population as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region has the lowest malnutrition rate among all the regions in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> Regional Office for the Western Pacific, and the World Health Organization Country Office for the Philippines are in the region. The main office of the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Department of Health</a>, the national health department, is also in the region. </p><p>Metro Manila is designated by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Department of Health</a> as the pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a>, expecting it to generate $1 billion in revenue annually.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, lack of progressive health system, inadequate infrastructure and the unstable political environment are seen as hindrances for its growth.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Philippine Medical Tourism Program, there are 16 participating hospitals (private and public) in Metro Manila with a total number of 6,748 beds as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five out of six hospitals in the country accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Commission" title="Joint Commission">Joint Commission</a> International are in the region, these are the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Hospital_and_Medical_Center" title="Asian Hospital and Medical Center">Asian Hospital and Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati_Medical_Center" title="Makati Medical Center">Makati Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luke's Medical Center">St. Luke's Medical Center</a> – Global City, <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luke's Medical Center">St. Luke's Medical Center</a> – Quezon City and <a href="/wiki/The_Medical_City" title="The Medical City">The Medical City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/East_Avenue,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="East Avenue, Quezon City">East Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> is the location of prominent national health centers: the <a href="/wiki/Lung_Center_of_the_Philippines" title="Lung Center of the Philippines">Lung Center of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Kidney_and_Transplant_Institute" title="National Kidney and Transplant Institute">National Kidney and Transplant Institute</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Heart_Center" title="Philippine Heart Center">Philippine Heart Center</a>. Other national special hospital in Metro Manila include the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Orthopedic_Center" title="Philippine Orthopedic Center">Philippine Orthopedic Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Mental_Health" title="National Center for Mental Health">National Center for Mental Health</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospital" title="Philippine General Hospital">Philippine General Hospital</a>, the country's premier state-owned tertiary hospital is located at the <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a>. The <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luke's Medical Center">St. Luke's Medical Center</a> which operates in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, is a private <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">tertiary referral hospital</a> cited as one of the best hospitals in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-stluke1_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stluke1-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABS-CBN_News_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-CBN_News-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_safety">Public safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Public safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crame_headquarters_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crame_headquarters_3.jpg/220px-Crame_headquarters_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crame_headquarters_3.jpg/330px-Crame_headquarters_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Crame_headquarters_3.jpg/440px-Crame_headquarters_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a> is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg/220px-35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg/330px-35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg/440px-35th_National_Reservists_Week_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a> is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a> is responsible for law enforcement in the country. Its headquarters is located at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Crame" title="Camp Crame">Camp Crame</a> along <a href="/wiki/Bonny_Serrano_Avenue" title="Bonny Serrano Avenue">Bonny Serrano Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_Police_Office" title="National Capital Region Police Office">National Capital Region Police Office</a> (NCRPO) is the regional branch of PNP that operates in the region. Its headquarters is located at Camp Bagong Diwa in Bicutan, Taguig. Under the supervision of NCRPO, Metro Manila is divided into five police districts. The five police districts are the Northern Police District, Eastern Police District, Southern Police District and Quezon City Police District.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metro Manila has the highest rate of crime in the country in 2014, with 59,448 crimes reported (excluding crimes reported in barangay level) with 25,353 of these crimes committed against persons.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following criticisms of high crime rate in Metro Manila, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a> launched a relentless anti-crime drive that resulted in the decrease of crimes in the metropolis.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2015 Metro Manila's crime rate is down by 50%. From an average of 919 crimes reported weekly, it has gone down to 412. Recorded robberies and theft also decreased by 63 in just a month.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the 159 police community precincts of Metro Manila will be using the electronic blotter system in recording crimes starting June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bureau of Fire Protection National Capital Region provides <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a> and technical rescue as well as <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">emergency medical services</a> to the metropolis. It is broadly organized into five firefighting districts: Manila, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quezon_City_Fire_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quezon City Fire District (page does not exist)">Quezon City</a>, District II, District III and District IV. </p><p>The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Department of National Defense</a>, in Murphy, Quezon City. Aside from Camp Aguinaldo, other military bases situated in the region are <a href="/wiki/Camp_Atienza" title="Camp Atienza">Camp Atienza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Fort Bonifacio</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Philippine Army</a> has their headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio" title="Fort Bonifacio">Fort Bonifacio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Villamor_Air_Base" title="Villamor Air Base">Villamor Air Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">Ninoy Aquino International Airport</a> is the home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippine Air Force</a> while the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Philippine Navy</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate, Manila</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Philippine Coast Guard</a> is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila">Port Area</a> (Manila South Harbor), <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a>. Its Coast Guard NCR District also has its headquarters in the city and has another Coast Guard Station in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>. It also has a base in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a> and maintains several detachments located in Navotas, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, Tangos, Vitas, Manila North Harbor, Manila South Harbor and the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines" title="Cultural Center of the Philippines">Cultural Center of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/AFP_Joint_Task_Force-National_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="AFP Joint Task Force-National Capital Region">AFP Joint Task Force-National Capital Region</a> was launched to ensure peace and stability in Metro Manila, bearing the same function of the deactivated <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Regional_Command_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Capital Regional Command (Philippines)">National Capital Regional Command</a>, although it operates on a much smaller size than its predecessor.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">Transportation in Metro Manila</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Dream_Plan" title="Metro Manila Dream Plan">Metro Manila Dream Plan</a></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Land_Transportation_Franchising_and_Regulatory_Board_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)">Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board</a>, public ridership in Metro Manila composes of the following: 46% of the people go around by <a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">jeepneys</a>, 32% by private vehicle, 14% by bus, and 8% use the railway system.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transportation development in Metro Manila follows the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Dream_Plan" title="Metro Manila Dream Plan">Metro Manila Dream Plan</a>, which consists of building short-term to long-term infrastructure lasting up to 2030 and addressing its issues on traffic, land use and environment.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads_and_highways">Roads and highways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Roads and highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of roads in Metro Manila">List of roads in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg/220px-EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg/330px-EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg/440px-EDSA-Kamung_Sept_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2266" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption>A flyover on <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a> in Quezon City.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg/220px-SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg/330px-SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg/440px-SLEX_and_Elevated_Extension_Southbound_2023-04-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Skyway" title="Metro Manila Skyway">Skyway</a> at the <a href="/wiki/South_Luzon_Expressway" title="South Luzon Expressway">South Luzon Expressway</a> in Muntinlupa.</figcaption></figure> <p>The roads of Metro Manila are built around the <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a>. Roads are classified as local, national or subdivision roads. There are ten radial roads branching out from the city. Also there are five circumferential roads forming a series of concentric semi-circular arcs around Manila. The circumferential and radial roads are systems of interconnected roads, bridges and highways. A problem with the circumferential roads are the missing road links. These are the roads that are not yet constructed to give way for development due to Metro Manila's rapid urbanization. The metropolis is resolving this problem through the completion of missing road links or through the construction of connector roads. </p><p>The radial and circumferential road system are being supplanted by a new numbered highway system implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Department of Public Works and Highways</a>, and new signage are being placed with its implementation. Expressways are being assigned numbers with the E prefix. National roads are assigned 1 to 3 digit numbers, except for those classified as tertiary national roads. </p><p>An important circumferential road is the <a href="/wiki/Circumferential_Road_4" title="Circumferential Road 4">Circumferential Road 4</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">Epifanio de los Santos Avenue</a> as its major component. It traverses the cities of <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Metro_Rail_Transit_System_Line_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3">Line 3</a> follows the alignment of EDSA, from <a href="/wiki/Taft_Avenue" title="Taft Avenue">Taft Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> up to <a href="/wiki/TriNoma" class="mw-redirect" title="TriNoma">TriNoma</a>, terminating before it reaches <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Circumferential_Road_5" title="Circumferential Road 5">Circumferential Road 5</a> serves the people near the regional limits of Metro Manila and also serves as an alternate route for Circumferential Road 4. </p><p>Prominent radial roads include the Radial Road 1, composed of <a href="/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Manila%E2%80%93Cavite_Expressway" title="Manila–Cavite Expressway">Manila–Cavite Expressway</a> (Coastal Road) that connects Metro Manila to <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, Radial Road 3 or the <a href="/wiki/South_Luzon_Expressway" title="South Luzon Expressway">South Luzon Expressway</a> that connects Metro Manila to <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a>, Radial Road 6, composed of <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Boulevard" title="Aurora Boulevard">Aurora Boulevard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marikina%E2%80%93Infanta_Highway" title="Marikina–Infanta Highway">Marcos Highway</a> that runs up to <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> and Radial Road 8 or the <a href="/wiki/North_Luzon_Expressway" title="North Luzon Expressway">North Luzon Expressway</a> that serves as the gateway to the north. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Skyway_(Metro_Manila)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyway (Metro Manila)">Skyway</a> serves as the region's main <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">expressway</a>, directly connecting the North Luzon Expressway and the South Luzon Expressway. It also enables access to Ninoy Aquino International Airport via the <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Expressway" title="NAIA Expressway">NAIA Expressway</a> (NAIAX). The Skyway is the first fully grade-separated highway in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and one of the longest elevated highways in the world with a total length of approximately 42.79 kilometers (26.59 mi). Other expressways such as the Manila–Cavite Expressway and <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa%E2%80%93Cavite_Expressway" title="Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway">Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway</a> also connect Metro Manila to its surrounding areas. </p><p>The development of roads, highways and expressways are based on the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Dream_Plan" title="Metro Manila Dream Plan">Metro Manila Dream Plan</a>. Ongoing projects in the dream plan include the rehabilitation of EDSA, <a href="/wiki/CAVITEX%E2%80%93C-5_Link" title="CAVITEX–C-5 Link">CAVITEX–C-5 Link</a>, <a href="/wiki/NLEX_Connector" title="NLEX Connector">NLEX Connector</a>, and the construction of the missing road links for the circumferential roads. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway_systems">Railway systems</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Railway systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area">Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:328px;max-width:328px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_(CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila;_2023-08-03)_E911a_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="KRL" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_%28CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila%3B_2023-08-03%29_E911a_23.jpg/160px-LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_%28CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila%3B_2023-08-03%29_E911a_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_%28CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila%3B_2023-08-03%29_E911a_23.jpg/240px-LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_%28CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila%3B_2023-08-03%29_E911a_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_%28CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila%3B_2023-08-03%29_E911a_23.jpg/320px-LRT_1_4th_Generation_Train_%28CAF_Mitsubishi_13000_Series_Manila%3B_2023-08-03%29_E911a_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="MRT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg/160px-MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg/240px-MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg/320px-MRT-2_Train_Santolan_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_(Mandaluyong;_03-21-2021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="LRT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_%28Mandaluyong%3B_03-21-2021%29.jpg/160px-MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_%28Mandaluyong%3B_03-21-2021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_%28Mandaluyong%3B_03-21-2021%29.jpg/240px-MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_%28Mandaluyong%3B_03-21-2021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_%28Mandaluyong%3B_03-21-2021%29.jpg/320px-MRT-3_train_at_EDSA-Ortigas_Interchange_%28Mandaluyong%3B_03-21-2021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2664" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:INKA_PNR_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Airport rail link" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/INKA_PNR_1.jpg/160px-INKA_PNR_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/INKA_PNR_1.jpg/240px-INKA_PNR_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/INKA_PNR_1.jpg/320px-INKA_PNR_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1659" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Various railway systems in Metro Manila; from top left to right: <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="LRT Line 1">LRT Line 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_2_(Metro_Manila)" title="LRT Line 2 (Metro Manila)">LRT Line 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/MRT_Line_3_(Metro_Manila)" title="MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila)">MRT Line 3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PNR_Metro_Commuter_Line" title="PNR Metro Commuter Line">PNR Metro Commuter</a>.</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg/220px-Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg/330px-Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg/440px-Metro_Manila_rail_network.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>System map of the Metro Manila railway system.</figcaption></figure><p>Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area is a major part of the <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">transportation system</a> in Metro Manila and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">its surrounding areas</a>. It consists of the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System" title="Manila Light Rail Transit System">Manila Light Rail Transit System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila_Metro_Rail_Transit_System" title="Manila Metro Rail Transit System">Manila Metro Rail Transit System</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/PNR_Metro_Commuter_Line" title="PNR Metro Commuter Line">PNR Metro Commuter Line</a>. As of 2021, the three systems and its four operational lines combined has <a href="/wiki/List_of_rail_transit_stations_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="List of rail transit stations in the Greater Manila Area">82 stations</a>, covering a total of 113.3 km (70.4 mi). The network makes up the majority of active railways in the country and bear the brunt of providing the metropolis with rail as a faster alternative mode of transport other than <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">jeepneys</a>. However, these systems are currently insufficient for the rapidly expanding metropolis; to address this, new lines and line extensions are under construction, which will extend the system far out into neighboring regions.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several new railway projects are being undertaken by the national government and the private sector. These include the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Commuter_Railway" title="North–South Commuter Railway">North–South Commuter Railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Subway" title="Metro Manila Subway">Metro Manila Subway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MRT_Line_7_(Metro_Manila)" title="MRT Line 7 (Metro Manila)">MRT Line 7</a>, all of which are under construction.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Line extensions such as the LRT Line 1 South extension and the LRT Line 2 West extension are in the pipeline.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other line extensions and railway lines are in the planning stage.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">Ninoy Aquino International Airport</a> (NAIA) is the only airport and the premier gateway in Metro Manila. It is the busiest airport in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NAIA has four terminals: <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Terminal_1" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Terminal 1">Terminal 1</a>, Terminal 2 (which is exclusively used by <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a>), Terminal 3 (the newest and largest airport terminal in NAIA) and Terminal 4 (also known as the Manila Domestic passenger Terminal). The other airport that serves Metro Manila is <a href="/wiki/Clark_International_Airport" title="Clark International Airport">Clark International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angeles_City" title="Angeles City">Angeles City</a> which is located 80 kilometers (50 mi) away. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of bus routes in Metro Manila">List of bus routes in Metro Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Premium_Point-to-Point_Bus_Service" title="Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service">Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service</a></div> <p>Bus franchises in the region are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Land_Transportation_Franchising_and_Regulatory_Board_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)">Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Premium_Point-to-Point_Bus_Service" title="Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service">Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service</a> is the express bus system that runs from its dispatch terminal in Fairview up to the central business districts along <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a>. It aims to cut travel time substantially and provide a faster, safer and more convenient bus service to commuters, who are usually caught at the heavy traffic across the metropolis.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second express bus link from SM North EDSA, <a href="/wiki/Trinoma" title="Trinoma">Trinoma</a> and SM Megamall to Makati opened in December 2015, and by January 2016 was the line on which, for the first time in nearly three decades, a <a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker bus</a> traveled on EDSA, to the delight of motorists, followed by a third link, this time from <a href="/wiki/Robinsons_Galleria" title="Robinsons Galleria">Robinsons Galleria</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ayala_Center" title="Ayala Center">Ayala Center</a> complex in February 2016 and a fourth in March linking the Ayala Center to the Alabang Town Center in Muntinlupa via the Metro Manila Skyway (and later to Ayala Malls South Park). As of the present express buses also link the Market Market mall and Circuit Makati to both the Nuvali residential township and the Pacita Village complex in San Pedro, both in Laguna, in services launched in 2014 and 2017, respectively (plus additional services to the UP Town Mall in Quezon City and SM Masinag in Antipolo, Rizal), while intercity express buses have been in operation since 2015 to alleviate traffic on EDSA. In 2018, additional services from the Makati CBD and from San Lorenzo Place up to Cavite debuted. </p><p>Metro Manila has a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> (BRT) system, particularly the <a href="/wiki/EDSA_Carousel" title="EDSA Carousel">EDSA Carousel</a>. Another BRT system will traverse for 27.7 kilometers (17.2 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Avenue,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City">Commonwealth Avenue</a> up to the <a href="/wiki/Manila_City_Hall" title="Manila City Hall">Manila City Hall</a>. The planned BRT system costs ₱4.9 billion ($109.5 million) and will have a fleet of 300 buses and 32 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferry">Ferry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River_Ferry_Service" title="Pasig River Ferry Service">Pasig River Ferry Service</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River_Ferry_Service" title="Pasig River Ferry Service">Pasig River Ferry Service</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a> is the principal <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> shuttle system of Metro Manila. It traverses the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> from Barangay Pinagbuhatan in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> to Plaza Mexico in <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>. Although it was referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a>, it is more akin to a <a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">water bus</a>. It has 17 stations, but only 14 are operational. Another ferry route called the Manila-Bataan Ferry was launched on May 10, 2017, and traverses <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a> from the Bay Terminal at <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines_Complex" title="Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex">CCP Complex</a> in Manila to <a href="/wiki/Orion,_Bataan" title="Orion, Bataan">Orion, Bataan</a>. A new ferry route known as the Cavite-Manila Ferry Service that runs between <a href="/wiki/Noveleta" title="Noveleta">Noveleta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> was launched in January 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity_and_water">Electricity and water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Electricity and water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Water_privatization_in_Metro_Manila" title="Water privatization in Metro Manila">Water privatization in Metro Manila</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg/170px-Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg/255px-Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg/340px-Metro_Manila_Water_Zones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Water zones for Metro Manila and the surrounding areas. <a href="/wiki/Maynilad_Water_Services" title="Maynilad Water Services">Maynilad Water Services</a> operates in the red areas while <a href="/wiki/Manila_Water" title="Manila Water">Manila Water</a> operates in the blue areas.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Meralco" title="Meralco">Meralco</a> is the sole electric distributor of Metro Manila. It generates its power from the <a href="/wiki/National_Power_Corporation" title="National Power Corporation">National Power Corporation</a> and other independent power producers in <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Waterworks_and_Sewerage_System" title="Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System">Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System</a> (MWSS) was responsible for the supply and delivery of potable water and the sewerage system in Metro Manila. It was <a href="/wiki/Water_privatization_in_Metro_Manila" title="Water privatization in Metro Manila">privatized in 1997</a> and the region and its immediate surrounding areas were split into the east and west concession. The winning corporations provide the same function of MWSS. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Maynilad_Water_Services" title="Maynilad Water Services">Maynilad Water Services</a> took over the west zone, which is composed of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (excluding the southeastern part of the city), <a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a>. It also operates in some parts of <a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Water" title="Manila Water">Manila Water</a> operates on the east zone, comprising the cities of <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>. It also operates in large areas of Makati and Quezon City and the southeastern part of Manila, which was excluded from the west zone. </p><p>For garbage hauling, the region spent ₱4.221 billion ($93.855 million) in 2013. Quezon City spent the most at ₱994.59 million ($22.115 million) while Pateros, the region's only municipality, spent the least money on garbage at ₱9.478 million ($210,747).<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Radio stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of radio stations in Metro Manila">List of radio stations in Metro Manila</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV_stations">TV stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: TV stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Analog">Analog</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Analog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_analog_television_stations_in_the_Philippines#Metro_Manila" title="List of analog television stations in the Philippines">List of analog television stations in the Philippines § Metro Manila</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital">Digital</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Digital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_stations_in_the_Philippines#Metro_Manila" title="List of digital television stations in the Philippines">List of digital television stations in the Philippines § Metro Manila</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_personalities">Notable personalities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Notable personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Metro_Manila" title="List of people from Metro Manila">List of people from Metro Manila</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Metro_Manila" title="Outline of Metro Manila">Outline of Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">List of metropolitan areas in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Greater Manila Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Manila" title="Imperial Manila">Imperial Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Manila" title="Mega Manila">Mega Manila</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">or more simply, albeit less precisely, <b>Manila</b><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PD824-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PD824_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD824_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD824_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD824_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPresidential_Decree_No._8241975" class="citation cs2">Presidential Decree No. 824 (November 7, 1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/17327"><i>Creating the Metropolitan Manila and the Metropolitan Manila Commission and for Other Purposes</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court E-Library</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710122045/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/17327">archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+the+Metropolitan+Manila+and+the+Metropolitan+Manila+Commission+and+for+Other+Purposes&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+E-Library&rft.date=1975-11-07&rft.au=Presidential+Decree+No.+824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.judiciary.gov.ph%2Fthebookshelf%2Fshowdocs%2F26%2F17327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PD879-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PD879_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD879_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresidential_Decree_No._8791976" class="citation cs2">Presidential Decree No. 879 (January 23, 1976), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/01/23/presidential-decree-no-879-s-1976"><i>Dividing Region No. 4 of the Administrative Field Organization of the Various Departments and Agencies of the Government Into Region No. 4 and 4-A</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Official_Gazette_(Philippines)" title="Official Gazette (Philippines)">The Official Gazette</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516114650/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/01/23/presidential-decree-no-879-s-1976">archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dividing+Region+No.+4+of+the+Administrative+Field+Organization+of+the+Various+Departments+and+Agencies+of+the+Government+Into+Region+No.+4+and+4-A&rft.pub=The+Official+Gazette&rft.date=1976-01-23&rft.au=Presidential+Decree+No.+879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2F1976%2F01%2F23%2Fpresidential-decree-no-879-s-1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PD1396-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PD1396_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD1396_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD1396_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD1396_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresidential_Decree_No._13961978" class="citation cs2">Presidential Decree No. 1396 (June 2, 1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/16961"><i>Creating the Department of Human Settlements and the Human Settlements Development Corporation, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and Accordingly Amending Certain Presidential Decrees</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court E-Library</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710122046/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/16961">archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+the+Department+of+Human+Settlements+and+the+Human+Settlements+Development+Corporation%2C+Appropriating+Funds+Therefor%2C+and+Accordingly+Amending+Certain+Presidential+Decrees&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+E-Library&rft.date=1978-06-02&rft.au=Presidential+Decree+No.+1396&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.judiciary.gov.ph%2Fthebookshelf%2Fshowdocs%2F26%2F16961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManasanMercado1999" class="citation journal cs1">Manasan, Rosario; Mercado, Ruben (February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/pdf/pidsdps9903.PDF">"Governance and Urban Development: Case Study of Metro Manila"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Philippine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper Series</i> (99–03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216210904/https://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/pdf/pidsdps9903.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Bill+creating+new+Metro+Manila+body+backed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2014%2F09%2F25%2F1372873%2Fbill-creating-new-metro-manila-body-backed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/640403/doj-backs-creation-of-metropolitan-manila-regional-administration">"DOJ backs creation of Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Inquirer.net</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125119/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/640403/doj-backs-creation-of-metropolitan-manila-regional-administration">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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November 14, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbc.com.ph/engine/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Solidum-Update-of-Earthquake-Hazards-and-Risk-Assessment-of-MMla-14Nov2013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Express+buses+get+underway+on+EDSA&rft.pub=GMA+News+Online&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F457517%2Fnews%2Fmetromanila%2Fexpress-buses-get-underway-on-edsa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=govt-to-launch-express-bus-system-in-metro-manila&id=104760">"Gov't to launch express bus system in Metro Manila"</a>. BusinessWorld Online. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gov%27t+to+launch+express+bus+system+in+Metro+Manila&rft.pub=BusinessWorld+Online&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bworldonline.com%2Fcontent.php%3Fsection%3DNation%26title%3Dgovt-to-launch-express-bus-system-in-metro-manila%26id%3D104760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105112/http://news.pia.gov.ph/article/view/231424688215/dotc-eyeing-bus-rapid-transit-to-ease-traffic-in-metro-manila">"DOTC eyeing bus rapid transit to ease traffic in Metro Manila"</a>. <i>Philippine Information Agency</i>. February 24, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.pia.gov.ph/article/view/231424688215/dotc-eyeing-bus-rapid-transit-to-ease-traffic-in-metro-manila">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Information+Agency&rft.atitle=DOTC+eyeing+bus+rapid+transit+to+ease+traffic+in+Metro+Manila&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.pia.gov.ph%2Farticle%2Fview%2F231424688215%2Fdotc-eyeing-bus-rapid-transit-to-ease-traffic-in-metro-manila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329073417/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/105567/dotc-metro-manila-to-have-its-first-bus-rapid-transit-operational-by-2018">"DOTC: Metro Manila to have its first bus rapid transit operational by 2018"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News5" title="News5">Interaksyon</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOTC%3A+Metro+Manila+to+have+its+first+bus+rapid+transit+operational+by+2018&rft.pub=Interaksyon&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interaksyon.com%2Fbusiness%2F105567%2Fdotc-metro-manila-to-have-its-first-bus-rapid-transit-operational-by-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/71151-garbage-hauling-expenses-metro-manila">"Metro Manila spent P4.2B to get rid of 2013 garbage"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. October 6, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222221547/http://www.rappler.com/nation/71151-garbage-hauling-expenses-metro-manila">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Metro+Manila+spent+P4.2B+to+get+rid+of+2013+garbage&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F71151-garbage-hauling-expenses-metro-manila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetro+Manila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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#aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Metro Manila</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metro_Manila" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Metro Manila">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" class="extiw" title="voy:Metro Manila">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/q13580" class="extiw" title="d:q13580">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616191852/http://www.mmda.gov.ph/">Metro Manila Development Authority</a> – Official website</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/147488">Metro Manila</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Metro_Manila" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Metro_Manila" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Metro Manila</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulacan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulacan province">Bulacan province</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Metro Manila</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Rizal_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rizal province">Rizal province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cavite_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavite province">Cavite province</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay" title="Laguna de Bay">Laguna de Bay</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna province</a> − <i><a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay" title="Laguna de Bay">Laguna de Bay</a></i></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metro_Manila" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila" title="Template:Metro Manila"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Manila" title="Template talk:Metro Manila"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Manila" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Manila"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Manila" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metro Manila</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">National Capital Region of the Philippines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capital_of_the_Philippines" title="Capital of the Philippines">capital city</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Metro_Manila" title="Administrative divisions of Metro Manila">Administrative divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_of_Metro_Manila" title="List of barangays of Metro Manila">Barangays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legislative_districts_of_Metro_Manila" title="Category:Legislative districts of Metro Manila">Legislative districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Manila" title="Geography of Manila">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marikina_River" title="Marikina River">Marikina River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Bay" title="Laguna de Bay">Laguna de Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_(Philippines)" title="Sierra Madre (Philippines)">Sierra Madre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa_Watershed_Reservation" title="La Mesa Watershed Reservation">La Mesa Watershed Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marikina_Valley_Fault_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikina Valley Fault System">Marikina Valley Fault System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_and_estuaries_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of rivers and estuaries in Metro Manila">Rivers and esteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="List of islands in the Greater Manila Area">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of parks in Metro Manila">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="List of beaches in the Greater Manila Area">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slums_in_Metro_Manila" title="Slums in Metro Manila">Slums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Land reclamation in Metro Manila">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Metro_Manila" title="Bay City, Metro Manila">Bay City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manggahan_Floodway" title="Manggahan Floodway">Manggahan Floodway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Greater Manila Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Manila" title="Mega Manila">Mega Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Chairperson of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Metro_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Metro Manila">Mayors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Metro_Manila" title="Governor of Metro Manila">Governor</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Manila" title="Prehistory of Manila">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynila_(historical_polity)" title="Maynila (historical polity)">Maynila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondo_(historical_polity)" title="Tondo (historical polity)">Tondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namayan" title="Namayan">Namayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_(province)" title="Manila (province)">Province of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila–Acapulco Galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Battles of La Naval de Manila">Battles of La Naval de Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">British occupation of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Luzon_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="1880 Luzon earthquakes">1880 Luzon earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cry_of_Pugad_Lawin" title="Cry of Pugad Lawin">Cry of Pugad Lawin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Battle of Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1899)" title="Battle of Manila (1899)">Battle of Manila (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Province of Rizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_Manila" title="City of Greater Manila">City of Greater Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila (1945)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre" title="Manila massacre">Manila massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Man" title="City of Man">City of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">World Youth Day 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_of_the_Pasig_River" title="Rehabilitation of the Pasig River">Rehabilitation of the Pasig River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Day_bombings" title="Rizal Day bombings">Rizal Day bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Ketsana" title="Typhoon Ketsana">Typhoon Ketsana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Manila" title="Timeline of Manila">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_and_structures_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of oldest buildings and structures in Metro Manila">Oldest buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila">Cultural properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_markers_of_the_Philippines_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of historical markers of the Philippines in Metro Manila">Historical markers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_District" title="Makati Central Business District">Makati CBD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Avenue" title="Ayala Avenue">Ayala Avenue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escolta_Street" title="Escolta Street">Escolta Street</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Philippine Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Commodity_Exchange" title="Manila Commodity Exchange">Manila Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Mint" title="Manila Mint">Manila Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Metro_Manila" title="Tourism in Metro Manila">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Manila_attractions" title="Template:Manila attractions">Attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of hotels in Metro Manila">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Metro_Manila" title="Gambling in Metro Manila">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_City" title="Entertainment City">Entertainment City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mixed-use_developments_in_Metro_Manila" title="Category:Mixed-use developments in Metro Manila">Mixed-use developments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila">Skyscrapers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public services and utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of hospitals in Metro Manila">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_Police_Office" title="National Capital Region Police Office">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meralco" title="Meralco">Manila Electric Company (Meralco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Waterworks_and_Sewerage_System" title="Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System">Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_privatization_in_Metro_Manila" title="Water privatization in Metro Manila">Water privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Water" title="Manila Water">Manila Water Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynilad_Water_Services" title="Maynilad Water Services">Maynilad Water Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig_River_Rehabilitation_Commission" title="Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission">Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Lake_Development_Authority" title="Laguna Lake Development Authority">Laguna Lake Development Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of colleges and universities in Metro Manila">Colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Belt" title="University Belt">University Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of schools in Metro Manila">Primary and secondary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_schools_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of international schools in Metro Manila">International schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of libraries in Metro Manila">Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_events_in_Metro_Manila" title="Annual events in Metro Manila">Annual events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of cemeteries in Metro Manila">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of cinemas in Metro Manila">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of museums in Metro Manila">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of public art in Metro Manila">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_buildings_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of religious buildings in Metro Manila">Religious buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of Roman Catholic churches in Metro Manila">Roman Catholic churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of shopping malls in Metro Manila">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Manila" title="List of songs about Manila">Songs about Manila</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sporting_events_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="List of sporting events in the Greater Manila Area">Sporting events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="List of sports venues in the Greater Manila Area">Sports venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_concert_halls_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of theaters and concert halls in Metro Manila">Theaters and concert halls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Art_Deco_theaters_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of Art Deco theaters in Metro Manila">Art Deco theaters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_published_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of newspapers published in Metro Manila">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila_TV" title="Template:Metro Manila TV">Television stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of radio stations in Metro Manila">Radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Department of Transportation (Philippines)">Department of Transportation (DOTr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">MMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Rail_Transit_Authority" title="Light Rail Transit Authority">LRTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Railways" title="Philippine National Railways">PNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_International_Airport_Authority" title="Manila International Airport Authority">MIAA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of roads in Metro Manila">Road</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of bus routes in Metro Manila">Bus routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_Point-to-Point_Bus_Service" title="Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service">P2P routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila#Intermodal_terminals" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">Intermodal terminals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area">Rail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System" title="Manila Light Rail Transit System">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Metro_Rail_Transit_System" title="Manila Metro Rail Transit System">MRT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Water <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Manila" title="Port of Manila">Port of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig_River_Ferry_Service" title="Pasig River Ferry Service">Pasig River Ferry Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Greater_Manila_Area" title="List of airports in the Greater Manila Area">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_in_Metro_Manila" title="Traffic in Metro Manila">Traffic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Manila" title="Imperial Manila">Imperial Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Manila" title="Nicknames of Manila">Nicknames of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Metro_Manila" title="List of people from Metro Manila">Notable Manileños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of sister cities in Metro Manila">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Dream_Plan" title="Metro Manila Dream Plan">Metro Manila Dream Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham_Plan_of_Manila" title="Burnham Plan of Manila">Burnham Plan of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_Plan" title="Frost Plan">Frost Plan of Quezon City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Metro_Manila" title="Outline of Metro Manila">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Metro_Manila-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Metro Manila-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Metro_Manila" title="Category:Metro Manila">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_and_Geography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Government_and_Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government and Geography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Populated_places_in_Metro_Manila" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila_populated_places" title="Template:Metro Manila populated places"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Manila_populated_places" title="Template talk:Metro Manila populated places"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Manila_populated_places" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Manila populated places"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Populated_places_in_Metro_Manila" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Populated places in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metro Manila</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Cities and municipalities</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Caloocan&#95;_*_Las_Piñas&#95;_*_Makati&#95;_*_Malabon&#95;_*_Mandaluyong&#95;_*_City_of_Manila_*_Marikina&#95;_*_Muntinlupa&#95;_*_Navotas&#95;_*_Parañaque&#95;_*_Pasay&#95;_*_Pasig&#95;_*_Pateros&#95;_*_Quezon_City&#95;_*_San_Juan&#95;_*_Taguig&#95;_*_Valenzuela"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caloocan" title="Caloocan">Caloocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as" title="Las Piñas">Las Piñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makati" title="Makati">Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabon" title="Malabon">Malabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marikina" title="Marikina">Marikina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navotas" title="Navotas">Navotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque">Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateros" title="Pateros">Pateros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Barangays_and_districts"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_barangays_of_Metro_Manila" title="List of barangays of Metro Manila">Barangays</a> and districts</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital District</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">Paco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandacan" title="Pandacan">Pandacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila">Port Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andres,_Manila" title="San Andres, Manila">San Andres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Manila" title="San Nicolas, Manila">San Nicolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mesa" title="Santa Mesa">Santa Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Manila<br />District</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Pag-asa" title="Bagong Pag-asa">Bagong Pag-asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balingasa" title="Balingasa">Balingasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barangka" title="Barangka">Barangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batasan_Hills" title="Batasan Hills">Batasan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungad" title="Bungad">Bungad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumpang,_Marikina" title="Calumpang, Marikina">Calumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhills,_San_Juan" title="Greenhills, San Juan">Greenhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krus_na_Ligas" title="Krus na Ligas">Krus na Ligas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Heights" title="Loyola Heights">Loyola Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana,_Quezon_City" title="Mariana, Quezon City">Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marikina_Heights" title="Marikina Heights">Marikina Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namayan,_Mandaluyong" title="Namayan, Mandaluyong">Namayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Era,_Quezon_City" title="New Era, Quezon City">New Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansol,_Quezon_City" title="Pansol, Quezon City">Pansol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payatas" title="Payatas">Payatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philam,_Quezon_City" title="Philam, Quezon City">Phil-Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyahan" title="Pinyahan">Pinyahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainview,_Mandaluyong" title="Plainview, Mandaluyong">Plainview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_6,_Quezon_City" title="Project 6, Quezon City">Project 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Quezon_City" title="San Antonio, Quezon City">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Quezon_City" title="Santa Cruz, Quezon City">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Cristo,_Quezon_City" title="Santo Cristo, Quezon City">Santo Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Elena,_Marikina" title="Santa Elena, Marikina">Santa Elena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro,_Quezon_City" title="Socorro, Quezon City">Socorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatalon" title="Tatalon">Tatalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugong,_Pasig" title="Ugong, Pasig">Ugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.P._Campus,_Quezon_City" title="U.P. Campus, Quezon City">U.P. Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Village" title="Veterans Village">Veterans Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Manila<br />District</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barangay_76,_Caloocan" title="Barangay 76, Caloocan">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Silangan" title="Bagong Silangan">Bagong Silangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangkas,_Valenzuela" title="Balangkas, Valenzuela">Balangkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BF_Homes_Caloocan" title="BF Homes Caloocan">BF Homes Caloocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignay,_Valenzuela" title="Bignay, Valenzuela">Bignay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisig,_Valenzuela" title="Bisig, Valenzuela">Bisig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalandanan,_Valenzuela" title="Dalandanan, Valenzuela">Dalandanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla,_Valenzuela" title="Isla, Valenzuela">Isla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuhatan" title="Karuhatan">Karuhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawang_Bato" title="Lawang Bato">Lawang Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malanday" title="Malanday">Malanday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palasan,_Valenzuela" title="Palasan, Valenzuela">Palasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pariancillo_Villa" title="Pariancillo Villa">Pariancillo Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo,_Valenzuela" title="Polo, Valenzuela">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punturin,_Valenzuela" title="Punturin, Valenzuela">Punturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalag,_Valenzuela" title="Tagalag, Valenzuela">Tagalag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinajeros,_Malabon" title="Tinajeros, Malabon">Tinajeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugatog" title="Tugatog">Tugatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veinte_Reales" title="Veinte Reales">Veinte Reales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Manila<br />District</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabang" title="Alabang">Alabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Alabang" title="Ayala Alabang">Ayala Alabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baclaran" title="Baclaran">Baclaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagumbayan,_Taguig" title="Bagumbayan, Taguig">Bagumbayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambang,_Taguig" title="Bambang, Taguig">Bambang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayanan,_Muntinlupa" title="Bayanan, Muntinlupa">Bayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-Air,_Makati" title="Bel-Air, Makati">Bel-Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BF_Homes_Para%C3%B1aque" title="BF Homes Parañaque">BF Homes Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BF_International_Village" title="BF International Village">BF International Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buli,_Muntinlupa" title="Buli, Muntinlupa">Buli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmona,_Makati" title="Carmona, Makati">Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Signal_Village" title="Central Signal Village">Central Signal Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupang,_Muntinlupa" title="Cupang, Muntinlupa">Cupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as,_Makati" title="Dasmariñas, Makati">Dasmariñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Don Bosco, Parañaque">Don Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Galo" title="Don Galo">Don Galo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embo,_Taguig" title="Embo, Taguig">Embo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post_Proper_Northside" title="Post Proper Northside">Post Proper Northside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Proper_Southside" title="Post Proper Southside">Post Proper Southside</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Park,_Makati" title="Forbes Park, Makati">Forbes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bonifacio_(barangay)" title="Fort Bonifacio (barangay)">Fort Bonifacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Nuevo" title="Guadalupe Nuevo">Guadalupe Nuevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagonoy,_Taguig" title="Hagonoy, Taguig">Hagonoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Huerta,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="La Huerta, Parañaque">La Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Village" title="Maharlika Village">Maharlika Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merville,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Merville, Parañaque">Merville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonwalk,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Moonwalk, Parañaque">Moonwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napindan" title="Napindan">Napindan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lower_Bicutan" title="New Lower Bicutan">New Lower Bicutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinagsama" title="Pinagsama">Pinagsama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion,_Makati" title="Poblacion, Makati">Poblacion, Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion,_Muntinlupa" title="Poblacion, Muntinlupa">Poblacion, Muntinlupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putatan,_Muntinlupa" title="Putatan, Muntinlupa">Putatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="San Antonio, Parañaque">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Dionisio,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="San Dionisio, Parañaque">San Dionisio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Isidro,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="San Isidro, Parañaque">San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martin_de_Porres,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="San Martin de Porres, Parañaque">San Martin de Porres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Taguig" title="Santa Ana, Taguig">Santa Ana, Taguig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Santo Niño, Parañaque">Santo Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singkamas,_Makati" title="Singkamas, Makati">Singkamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Signal_Village" title="South Signal Village">South Signal Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucat,_Muntinlupa" title="Sucat, Muntinlupa">Sucat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Sun Valley, Parañaque">Sun Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo,_Para%C3%B1aque" title="Tambo, Parañaque">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuktukan" title="Tuktukan">Tuktukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunasan" title="Tunasan">Tunasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Bicutan" title="Upper Bicutan">Upper Bicutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ususan" title="Ususan">Ususan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalez" title="Vitalez">Vitalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bicutan" title="Western Bicutan">Western Bicutan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Business_districts_and_commercial_areas"><b>Business districts and commercial areas</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small><a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">Major central business districtss</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_District" title="Makati Central Business District">Makati CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortigas_Center" title="Ortigas Center">Ortigas Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_City" title="Bonifacio Global City">Bonifacio Global City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small><a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">Secondary central business districts</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araneta_City" title="Araneta City">Araneta City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Metro_Manila" title="Bay City, Metro Manila">Bay City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Capital_District" title="Bonifacio Capital District">Bonifacio Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood_City" title="Eastwood City">Eastwood City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filinvest_City" title="Filinvest City">Filinvest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion,_Makati" title="Poblacion, Makati">Makati Poblacion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Park_(Quezon_City)" title="Triangle Park (Quezon City)">Triangle Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Other <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-use">mixed-use</a> areas</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arca_South" title="Arca South">Arca South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcovia_City" title="Arcovia City">Arcovia City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aseana_City" title="Aseana City">Aseana City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Center" title="Ayala Center">Ayala Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_High_Street" title="Bonifacio High Street">Bonifacio High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgetowne" title="Bridgetowne">Bridgetowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Commons" title="Capitol Commons">Capitol Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines_Complex" title="Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex">CCP Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_City,_Makati" title="Century City, Makati">Century City, Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Makati" title="Circuit Makati">Circuit Makati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulo_Verde" title="Circulo Verde">Circulo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_City" title="Entertainment City">Entertainment City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_Centris" title="Eton Centris">Eton Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_District" title="Greenfield District">Greenfield District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhills_(mixed-use_development)" title="Greenhills (mixed-use development)">Greenhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_City,_Metro_Manila" title="Newport City, Metro Manila">Newport City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parklinks" title="Parklinks">Parklinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverbanks_Center" title="Riverbanks Center">Riverbanks Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinsons_Cybergate" title="Robinsons Cybergate">Robinsons Cybergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Center" title="Rockwell Center">Rockwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lazaro_Tourism_and_Business_Park" title="San Lazaro Tourism and Business Park">San Lazaro Tourism and Business Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serendra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serendra (page does not exist)">Serendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutuban_Center" title="Tutuban Center">Tutuban Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.P.%E2%80%93Ayala_Land_TechnoHub" title="U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub">U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertis_North" title="Vertis North">Vertis North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Gated_communities_and_other_locations"><b>Gated communities and other locations</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Gated communities</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Alabang" title="Ayala Alabang">Ayala Alabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-Air,_Makati" title="Bel-Air, Makati">Bel-Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BF_Homes_Caloocan" title="BF Homes Caloocan">BF Homes Caloocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BF_Homes_Para%C3%B1aque" title="BF Homes Parañaque">BF Homes Parañaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BF_International_Village" title="BF International Village">BF International Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasmariñas Village">Dasmariñas Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Park,_Makati" title="Forbes Park, Makati">Forbes Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philam,_Quezon_City" title="Philam, Quezon City">Philam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Unofficial districts and villages</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Silang" title="Bagong Silang">Bagong Silang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseco,_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseco, Manila">Baseco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisoria" title="Divisoria">Divisoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embo,_Taguig" title="Embo, Taguig">Embo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Convalecencia" title="Isla de Convalecencia">Isla de Convalecencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_del_Monte" title="San Francisco del Monte">San Francisco del Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaliches" title="Novaliches">Novaliches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Belt" title="University Belt">University Belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small>Former neighborhoods</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Pulo" title="Isla Pulo">Isla Pulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari%C3%A1n_(Manila)" title="Parián (Manila)">Parián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Mountain" title="Smokey Mountain">Smokey Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Metro_Manila" title="Administrative divisions of Metro Manila">Administrative divisions of Metro Manila</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Manila" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manila" title="Template:Manila"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manila" title="Template talk:Manila"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manila" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manila"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Manila" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_the_Philippines" title="Capital of the Philippines">Capital of the Philippines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Manila" title="Seal of Manila">Seal and coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Manila" title="Geography of Manila">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Manila" title="Timeline of Manila">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_markers_of_the_Philippines_in_Metro_Manila#Manila" title="List of historical markers of the Philippines in Metro Manila">historical markers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Manila" title="Category:People from Manila">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_City_Schools_%E2%80%93_Manila" title="Division of City Schools – Manila">Public education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Belt" title="University Belt">Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Manila" title="Timeline of Manila">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Metro_Manila" title="Tourism in Metro Manila">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ph_seal_ncr_manila.svg/100px-Ph_seal_ncr_manila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ph_seal_ncr_manila.svg/150px-Ph_seal_ncr_manila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ph_seal_ncr_manila.svg/200px-Ph_seal_ncr_manila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila" title="Mayor of Manila">City Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_City_Council" title="Manila City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_City_Hall" title="Manila City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Manila" title="Politics of Manila">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo">Binondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">Paco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandacan" title="Pandacan">Pandacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila">Port Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andres,_Manila" title="San Andres, Manila">San Andres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Manila" title="San Nicolas, Manila">San Nicolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mesa" title="Santa Mesa">Santa Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed-use developments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Manila" title="Horizon Manila">Horizon Manila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Solar_City" title="Manila Solar City">Manila Solar City</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manila_Waterfront_City" title="Manila Waterfront City">Manila Waterfront City</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Metro_Manila#Planned_and/or_proposed" title="Land reclamation in Metro Manila">New Manila Bay–City of Pearl</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseco_Beach" title="Baseco Beach">Baseco Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Dolomite_Beach" title="Manila Dolomite Beach">Manila Dolomite Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Manila" title="Legislative districts of Manila">Legislative districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Manila's 1st congressional district">First District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Manila's 2nd congressional district">Second District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Manila's 3rd congressional district">Third District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Manila's 4th congressional district">Fourth District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Manila's 5th congressional district">Fifth District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Manila's 6th congressional district">Sixth District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Manila" title="Category:Manila">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Quezon_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quezon_City" title="Template:Quezon City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quezon_City" title="Template talk:Quezon City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quezon_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quezon City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Quezon_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novaliches" title="Novaliches">Novaliches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_del_Monte" title="San Francisco del Monte">San Francisco del Monte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barangays_of_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Barangays of Quezon City">Barangays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Quezon_City" title="Legislative districts of Quezon City">Congressional Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Seal of Quezon City"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Quezon_City.svg/115px-Quezon_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Quezon_City.svg/173px-Quezon_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Quezon_City.svg/230px-Quezon_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="210" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Quezon_City" title="Mayor of Quezon City">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City_Council" title="Quezon City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City_Hall" title="Quezon City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Quezon_City" title="Seal of Quezon City">City Seal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barangays_of_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Barangays of Quezon City">Barangays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alicia,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alicia, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Alicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amihan,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amihan, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Amihan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apolonio_Samson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apolonio Samson (page does not exist)">Apolonio Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baesa (page does not exist)">Baesa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagbag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagbag (page does not exist)">Bagbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Lipunan_ng_Crame" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagong Lipunan ng Crame">Bagong Lipunan ng Crame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Pag-asa" title="Bagong Pag-asa">Bagong Pag-asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Silangan" title="Bagong Silangan">Bagong Silangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagumbayan,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagumbayan, Quezon City">Bagumbayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahay_Toro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahay Toro (page does not exist)">Bahay Toro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balingasa" title="Balingasa">Balingasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balong-bato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balong-bato (page does not exist)">Balong-bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batasan_Hills" title="Batasan Hills">Batasan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayanihan,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayanihan, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Bayanihan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Ridge_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Ridge A (page does not exist)">Blue Ridge A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Ridge_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Ridge B (page does not exist)">Blue Ridge B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungad" title="Bungad">Bungad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Aguinaldo" title="Camp Aguinaldo">Camp Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capri,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capri, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Central, Quezon City">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claro,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claro, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Claro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commonwealth, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culiat,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culiat, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Culiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damar,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Damar, Quezon City">Damar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damayan,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damayan, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Damayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damayang_Lagi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damayang Lagi (page does not exist)">Damayang Lagi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Del_Monte,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Del Monte, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Del Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioquino_Zobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioquino Zobel (page does not exist)">Dioquino Zobel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_Aurora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doña Aurora (page does not exist)">Doña Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_Imelda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doña Imelda (page does not exist)">Doña Imelda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_Josefa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doña Josefa (page does not exist)">Doña Josefa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duyan-duyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duyan-duyan (page does not exist)">Duyan-duyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Kamias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Kamias (page does not exist)">East Kamias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escopa_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Escopa I">Escopa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escopa_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Escopa II">Escopa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escopa_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Escopa III">Escopa III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escopa_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Escopa IV">Escopa IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eulogio_Rodriguez,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eulogio Rodriguez, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Eulogio Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairview,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairview, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Lagro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Lagro (page does not exist)">Greater Lagro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulod (page does not exist)">Gulod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Spirit,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Spirit, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horseshoe,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horseshoe, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immaculate_Concepcion,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immaculate Concepcion, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Immaculate Concepcion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaligayahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaligayahan (page does not exist)">Kaligayahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalusugan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalusugan (page does not exist)">Kalusugan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamuning,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamuning, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Kamuning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katipunan,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katipunan, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Katipunan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaunlaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaunlaran (page does not exist)">Kaunlaran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristong_Hari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristong Hari (page does not exist)">Kristong Hari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krus_na_Ligas" title="Krus na Ligas">Krus na Ligas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laging_Handa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laging Handa (page does not exist)">Laging Handa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libis,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libis, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Libis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lourdes,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lourdes, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Heights" title="Loyola Heights">Loyola Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharlika,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharlika, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Maharlika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaya,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaya, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangga,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangga, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Mangga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manresa,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manresa, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Manresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana,_Quezon_City" title="Mariana, Quezon City">Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariblo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariblo (page does not exist)">Mariblo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masagana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masagana (page does not exist)">Masagana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masambong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masambong (page does not exist)">Masambong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matandang_Balara" class="mw-redirect" title="Matandang Balara">Matandang Balara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milagrosa,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milagrosa, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Milagrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marilag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marilag (page does not exist)">Marilag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagkakaisang_Nayon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagkakaisang Nayon (page does not exist)">Nagkakaisang Nayon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayong_Kanluran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nayong Kanluran (page does not exist)">Nayong Kanluran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Era,_Quezon_City" title="New Era, Quezon City">New Era</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Fairview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Fairview (page does not exist)">North Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaliches_Proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Novaliches Proper">Novaliches Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N.S._Amoranto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N.S. Amoranto (page does not exist)">N.S. Amoranto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obrero,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obrero, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Obrero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Capitol_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Capitol Site (page does not exist)">Old Capitol Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paang_Bundok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paang Bundok (page does not exist)">Paang Bundok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-ibig_sa_Nayon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pag-ibig sa Nayon (page does not exist)">Pag-ibig sa Nayon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paligsahan,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paligsahan, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Paligsahan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paltok,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paltok, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Paltok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansol,_Quezon_City" title="Pansol, Quezon City">Pansol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraiso,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraiso, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Paraiso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasong_Putik_Proper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasong Putik Proper (page does not exist)">Pasong Putik Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasong_Tamo,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasong Tamo, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Pasong Tamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payatas" title="Payatas">Payatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philam,_Quezon_City" title="Philam, Quezon City">Phil-Am</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinagkaisahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinagkaisahan (page does not exist)">Pinagkaisahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyahan" title="Pinyahan">Pinyahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_6,_Quezon_City" title="Project 6, Quezon City">Project 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quirino_2-A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quirino 2-A (page does not exist)">Quirino 2-A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quirino_2-B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quirino 2-B (page does not exist)">Quirino 2-B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quirino_2-C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quirino 2-C (page does not exist)">Quirino 2-C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quirino_3-A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quirino 3-A (page does not exist)">Quirino 3-A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramon_Magsaysay,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramon Magsaysay, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Ramon Magsaysay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacred_Heart,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacred Heart, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Ignatius,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Ignatius, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Saint Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Peter,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Peter, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvacion,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvacion, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Salvacion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangandaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangandaan (page does not exist)">Sangandaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Agustin,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Agustin, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Agustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Quezon_City" title="San Antonio, Quezon City">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Bartolome,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Bartolome, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Bartolome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Isidro,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Isidro, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Isidro_Labrador,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Isidro Labrador, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Isidro Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Jose,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Jose, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Martin_de_Porres,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Martin de Porres, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Martin de Porres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Roque,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Roque, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Roque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Vicente,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Vicente, Quezon City (page does not exist)">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Quezon_City" title="Santa Cruz, Quezon City">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Lucia,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Lucia, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Santa Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Monica,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Monica, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Santa Monica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Teresita,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Teresita, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Santa Teresita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Cristo,_Quezon_City" title="Santo Cristo, Quezon City">Santo Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santo_Domingo,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santo Domingo, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santo_Ni%C3%B1o,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santo Niño, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Santo Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santol,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santol, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Santol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sauyo (page does not exist)">Sauyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sienna,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sienna, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Sienna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikatuna_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikatuna Village (page does not exist)">Sikatuna Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silangan (page does not exist)">Silangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro,_Quezon_City" title="Socorro, Quezon City">Socorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="South Triangle">South Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagumpay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagumpay (page does not exist)">Tagumpay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talayan,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talayan, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Talayan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talipapa,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talipapa, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Talipapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandang_Sora,_Quezon_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandang Sora, Quezon City">Tandang Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatalon" title="Tatalon">Tatalon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teachers_Village_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teachers Village East (page does not exist)">Teachers Village East</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teachers_Village_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teachers Village West (page does not exist)">Teachers Village West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugong_Norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugong Norte (page does not exist)">Ugong Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unang_Sigaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unang Sigaw (page does not exist)">Unang Sigaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.P._Campus,_Quezon_City" title="U.P. Campus, Quezon City">U.P. Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.P._Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.P. Village (page does not exist)">U.P. Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valencia,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valencia, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasra,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasra, Quezon City (page does not exist)">Vasra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Village" title="Veterans Village">Veterans Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Maria_Clara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Maria Clara (page does not exist)">Villa Maria Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Kamias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Kamias (page does not exist)">West Kamias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Triangle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Triangle (page does not exist)">West Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Plains,_Quezon_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Plains, Quezon City (page does not exist)">White Plains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed-use developments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araneta_City" title="Araneta City">Araneta City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood_City" title="Eastwood City">Eastwood City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertis_North" title="Vertis North">Vertis North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special Development Zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Park_(Quezon_City)" title="Triangle Park (Quezon City)">Triangle Park (Quezon City Central Business District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.P.%E2%80%93Ayala_Land_TechnoHub" title="U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub">U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Quezon_City" title="Legislative districts of Quezon City">Congressional Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Quezon City's 1st congressional district">First District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Quezon City's 2nd congressional district">Second District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Quezon City's 3rd congressional district">Third District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Quezon City's 4th congressional district">Fourth District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Quezon City's 5th congressional district">Fifth District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Quezon City's 6th congressional district">Sixth District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public services and utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City_Police_District" title="Quezon City Police District">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frost_Plan" title="Frost Plan">Frost Plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Quezon_City" title="Category:Quezon City">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Valenzuela" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Template:Valenzuela, Metro Manila"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Template talk:Valenzuela, Metro Manila"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Valenzuela, Metro Manila"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Valenzuela" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_City_Schools%E2%80%93Valenzuela" title="Division of City Schools–Valenzuela">Public Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Metro_Manila" title="Transportation in Metro Manila">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG/78px-FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG" decoding="async" width="78" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG/117px-FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG/156px-FvfNewCityHallValenzuela0566_18.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Valenzuela" title="Mayor of Valenzuela">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela_City_Council" title="Valenzuela City Council">City Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Valenzuela_City#1st_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative districts of Valenzuela City">First District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Valenzuela_City#2nd_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative districts of Valenzuela City">Second District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkong_Bato" title="Arkong Bato">Arkong Bato</a></li> <li>Bagbaguin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangkas" class="mw-redirect" title="Balangkas">Balangkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignay,_Valenzuela" title="Bignay, Valenzuela">Bignay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisig" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisig">Bisig</a></li> <li>Canumay East</li> <li>Canumay West</li> <li>Coloong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalandanan,_Valenzuela" title="Dalandanan, Valenzuela">Dalandanan</a></li> <li>Gen. T. de Leon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla,_Valenzuela" title="Isla, Valenzuela">Isla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuhatan,_Valenzuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Karuhatan, Valenzuela">Karuhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawang_Bato" title="Lawang Bato">Lawang Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingunan" title="Lingunan">Lingunan</a></li> <li>Mabolo (San Roque)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malanday,_Valenzuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Malanday, Valenzuela">Malanday</a></li> <li>Malinta</li> <li>Mapulang Lupa</li> <li>Marulas</li> <li>Maysan</li> <li>Parada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palasan,_Valenzuela" title="Palasan, Valenzuela">Palasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pariancillo_Villa" title="Pariancillo Villa">Pariancillo Villa</a></li> <li>Paso de Blas</li> <li>Pasolo</li> <li>Poblacion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo,_Valenzuela" title="Polo, Valenzuela">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punturin,_Valenzuela" title="Punturin, Valenzuela">Punturin</a></li> <li>Rincon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalag,_Valenzuela" title="Tagalag, Valenzuela">Tagalag</a></li> <li>Ugong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veinte_Reales" title="Veinte Reales">Veinte Reales</a></li> <li>Wawang Pulo</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_and_History" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Culture_and_History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture and History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visitor_attractions_in_Metro_Manila" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manila_attractions" title="Template:Manila attractions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manila_attractions" title="Template talk:Manila attractions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manila_attractions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manila attractions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visitor_attractions_in_Metro_Manila" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Manila">Visitor attractions in Metro Manila</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_the_Centuries" title="Arch of the Centuries">Arch of the Centuries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_Monument" title="Bonifacio Monument">Bonifacio Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Palace" title="Coconut Palace">Coconut Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baluarte_de_San_Diego" title="Baluarte de San Diego">Baluarte de San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Roma" title="Plaza de Roma">Plaza de Roma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_American_Cemetery" title="Manila American Cemetery">Manila American Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Central_Post_Office" title="Manila Central Post Office">Manila Central Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Chinese_Cemetery" title="Manila Chinese Cemetery">Manila Chinese Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_City_Hall" title="Manila City Hall">Manila City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Hotel" title="Manila Hotel">Manila Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Monument" title="People Power Monument">People Power Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinaglabanan_Shrine" title="Pinaglabanan Shrine">Pinaglabanan Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Miranda" title="Plaza Miranda">Plaza Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Shrine" title="Quezon Memorial Shrine">Quezon Memorial Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Monument" title="Rizal Monument">Rizal Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EDSA_Shrine" title="EDSA Shrine">EDSA Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Al-Dahab" title="Masjid Al-Dahab">Golden Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as_Church" title="Las Piñas Church">Las Piñas Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiapo_Church" title="Quiapo Church">Quiapo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Agustin_Church_(Manila)" title="San Agustin Church (Manila)">San Agustin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebastian_Church_(Manila)" title="San Sebastian Church (Manila)">San Sebastian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_Guan_Temple" title="Seng Guan Temple">Seng Guan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo_Central_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia ni Cristo Central Temple">Iglesia ni Cristo Central Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Museum" title="Ayala Museum">Ayala Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_Tsinoy" title="Bahay Tsinoy">Bahay Tsinoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Bantayog ng mga Bayani">Bantayog ng mga Bayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Manila" title="Casa Manila">Casa Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopez_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopez Museum">Lopez Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Manila" title="Metropolitan Museum of Manila">Metropolitan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Pambata" title="Museo Pambata">Museo Pambata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Anthropology_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Anthropology (Manila)">National Museum of Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)">National Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Natural History (Manila)">National Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Planetarium_(Manila)" title="National Planetarium (Manila)">National Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Shrine_(Intramuros)" title="Rizal Shrine (Intramuros)">Rizal Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mind_Museum" title="The Mind Museum">The Mind Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_Stop_Intramuros" title="Book Stop Intramuros">Book Stop Intramuros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo_Museum_(Quezon_City)" title="Iglesia ni Cristo Museum (Quezon City)">Iglesia ni Cristo Museum and Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UP_Vargas_Museum" title="UP Vargas Museum">UP Vargas Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Integrated resorts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_City" title="Entertainment City">Entertainment City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Dreams_Manila" title="City of Dreams Manila">City of Dreams Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okada_Manila" title="Okada Manila">Okada Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaire_Resort_%26_Casino" title="Solaire Resort & Casino">Solaire Resort & Casino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_World_Resorts" title="Newport World Resorts">Newport World Resorts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amusement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/KidZania_Manila" title="KidZania Manila">KidZania Manila</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN" title="ABS-CBN">ABS-CBN</a> Studio Experience</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia#SM_By_the_Bay_Amusement_Park" title="SM Mall of Asia">SM by the Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_City_(amusement_park)" title="Star City (amusement park)">Star City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Triangle_Gardens" title="Ayala Triangle Gardens">Ayala Triangle Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baywalk" title="Baywalk">Baywalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mesa_Ecopark" title="La Mesa Ecopark">La Mesa Eco Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabon_Zoo" title="Malabon Zoo">Malabon Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Ocean_Park" title="Manila Ocean Park">Manila Ocean Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Zoo" title="Manila Zoo">Manila Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_Parks_and_Wildlife_Center" title="Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center">Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Nayong_Pilipino" title="Old Nayong Pilipino">Nayong Pilipino Cultural Park</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasig_Rainforest_Park" title="Pasig Rainforest Park">Pasig Rainforest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_Memorial_Circle" title="Quezon Memorial Circle">Quezon Memorial Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Center" title="Ayala Center">Ayala Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glorietta" title="Glorietta">Glorietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbelt_(Ayala_Center)" title="Greenbelt (Ayala Center)">Greenbelt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayala_Malls_Manila_Bay" title="Ayala Malls Manila Bay">Ayala Malls Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonifacio_High_Street" title="Bonifacio High Street">Bonifacio High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisoria" title="Divisoria">Divisoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhills_(mixed-use_development)" title="Greenhills (mixed-use development)">Greenhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Plant_Mall" title="Power Plant Mall">Power Plant Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinta_Market" title="Quinta Market">Quinta Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinsons_Manila" title="Robinsons Manila">Robinsons Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinsons_Magnolia" title="Robinsons Magnolia">Robinsons Magnolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia" title="SM Mall of Asia">SM Mall of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutuban_Center" title="Tutuban Center">Tutuban Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliwan_Fiesta" title="Aliwan Fiesta">Aliwan Fiesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Black_Nazarene" title="Feast of the Black Nazarene">Feast of the Black Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemalaya_Philippine_Independent_Film_Festival" title="Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival">Cinemalaya Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinemanila_International_Film_Festival" title="Cinemanila International Film Festival">Cinemanila International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Our Lady of La Naval de Manila">La Naval de Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_International_Auto_Show" title="Manila International Auto Show">Manila International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival" title="Metro Manila Film Festival">Metro Manila Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Fashion_Week" title="Philippine Fashion Week">Philippine Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_International_Pyromusical_Competition" title="Philippine International Pyromusical Competition">Philippine International Pyromusical Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattah_Wattah_Festival" title="Wattah Wattah Festival">Wattah Wattah Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Event venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines_Complex" title="Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex">Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Film_Center" title="Manila Film Center">Manila Film Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_International_Convention_Center" title="Philippine International Convention Center">Philippine International Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanghalang_Francisco_Balagtas" title="Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas">Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanghalang_Pambansa" title="Tanghalang Pambansa">Tanghalang Pambansa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia_Arena" title="SM Mall of Asia Arena">SM Mall of Asia Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meralco_Theater" title="Meralco Theater">Meralco Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Metropolitan_Theater" title="Manila Metropolitan Theater">Metropolitan Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontier_Theater" title="New Frontier Theater">New Frontier Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Performing_Arts_Theater" title="Newport Performing Arts Theater">Newport Performing Arts Theater</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philam_Life_Theater" title="Philam Life Theater">Philam Life Theater</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Araneta_Coliseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart Araneta Coliseum">Smart Araneta Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMX_Convention_Center_Manila" title="SMX Convention Center Manila">SMX Convention Center Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Metro_Manila" title="World Trade Center Metro Manila">World Trade Center Metro Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_events_in_Metro_Manila" title="Annual events in Metro Manila">Annual events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of Roman Catholic churches in Metro Manila">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in Metro Manila">Cultural Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of museums in Metro Manila">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of parks in Metro Manila">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Metro_Manila" title="List of shopping malls in Metro Manila">Shopping malls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sports_teams_and_leagues_based_in_and_around_Metro_Manila" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila_Sports" title="Template:Metro Manila Sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Manila_Sports" title="Template talk:Metro Manila Sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Manila_Sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Manila Sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sports_teams_and_leagues_based_in_and_around_Metro_Manila" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sports teams and leagues based in and around <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metro Manila</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">Leagues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association" title="Philippine Basketball Association">Philippine Basketball Association</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/PBA_D-League" title="PBA D-League">D-League</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Pilipinas_Basketball_League" title="Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League">Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Philippines)" title="National Basketball League (Philippines)">National Basketball League (Philippines)</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Football_League" title="Philippines Football League">Philippines Football League</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/PFF_Women%27s_League" title="PFF Women's League">PFF Women's League</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Volleyball_League" title="Premier Volleyball League">Premier Volleyball League</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spikers%27_Turf" title="Spikers' Turf">Spikers' Turf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Pilipinas_Volleyball_Association" title="Maharlika Pilipinas Volleyball Association">Maharlika Pilipinas Volleyball Association</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shakey%27s_Super_League" title="Shakey's Super League">Shakey's Super League</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/V-League_(Philippines)" title="V-League (Philippines)">V-League (Philippines)</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Billiards</a></dt> <dd>Sharks Billiards Association</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/College_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="College athletics">Collegiate sports</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Colleges_and_Universities_Sports_Association" title="Colleges and Universities Sports Association">CUSA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Athletic_Association_of_Schools,_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities">NAASCU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_(Philippines)" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)">NCAA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_Athletic_Association" title="National Capital Region Athletic Association">NCRAA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Colleges_and_Universities_Athletic_Association" title="State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association">SCUAA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Universities_and_Colleges_Athletic_Association" title="Universities and Colleges Athletic Association">UCAA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association_of_the_Philippines" title="University Athletic Association of the Philippines">UAAP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association">WNCAA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Men's National Collegiate Athletic Association">MNCAA</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association" title="Philippine Basketball Association">PBA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_Basketball_Association_teams" title="Category:Philippine Basketball Association teams">All teams</a> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/PBA_Developmental_League" class="mw-redirect" title="PBA Developmental League">PBA D-League</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Category:PBA_Developmental_League_teams" title="Category:PBA Developmental League teams">All teams</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Pilipinas_Basketball_League" title="Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League">MPBL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caloocan_Batang_Kankaloo" title="Caloocan Batang Kankaloo">Caloocan Batang Kankaloo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Makati_OKBet_Kings" title="Makati OKBet Kings">Makati OKBet Kings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong_El_Tigre" title="Mandaluyong El Tigre">Mandaluyong El Tigre</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manila_Batang_Sampaloc" title="Manila Batang Sampaloc">Manila Batang Sampaloc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marikina_Shoemasters" title="Marikina Shoemasters">Marikina Shoemasters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa_Cagers" title="Muntinlupa Cagers">Muntinlupa Cagers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Navotas_Uni-Pak_Sardines" title="Navotas Uni-Pak Sardines">Navotas Uni-Pak Sardines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_Patriots" title="Parañaque Patriots">Parañaque Patriots</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pasay_Voyagers" title="Pasay Voyagers">Pasay Voyagers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pasig_City_MCW_Sports" title="Pasig City MCW Sports">Pasig City MCW Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City_Toda_Aksyon" title="Quezon City Toda Aksyon">Quezon City Toda Aksyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Knights" title="San Juan Knights">San Juan Knights</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela_Classic" title="Valenzuela Classic">Valenzuela Classic</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Basketball_League" title="ASEAN Basketball League">ABL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Alab_Pilipinas" title="San Miguel Alab Pilipinas">San Miguel Alab Pilipinas</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Pilipinas_Volleyball_Association" title="Maharlika Pilipinas Volleyball Association">MPVA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caloocan_AM_Spikers" class="mw-redirect" title="Caloocan AM Spikers">Caloocan AM Spikers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marikina_Lady_Shoemasters" title="Marikina Lady Shoemasters">Marikina Lady Shoemasters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Lady_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan Lady Knights">San Juan Lady Knights</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela_Classy" class="mw-redirect" title="Valenzuela Classy">Valenzuela Classy</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Football_League" title="Philippines Football League">Philippines Football League</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/ADT_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="ADT F.C.">ADT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco_Garelli_F.C." title="Don Bosco Garelli F.C.">Don Bosco Garelli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Loyola_F.C." title="Loyola F.C.">Loyola</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maharlika_Taguig_F.C." title="Maharlika Taguig F.C.">Maharlika Taguig</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manila_Digger_F.C." title="Manila Digger F.C.">Manila Digger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manila_Montet_FC" title="Manila Montet FC">Manila Montet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mendiola_F.C._1991" title="Mendiola F.C. 1991">Mendiola 1991</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/One_Taguig_F.C." title="One Taguig F.C.">One Taguig</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force_F.C." title="Philippine Air Force F.C.">Philippine Air Force</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army_F.C." title="Philippine Army F.C.">Philippine Army</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tuloy_F.C." title="Tuloy F.C.">Tuloy</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/PFF_Women%27s_League" title="PFF Women's League">PFF Women's League</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/DLSU_Lady_Booters" class="mw-redirect" title="DLSU Lady Booters">De La Salle University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/FEU_Lady_Tamaraw_Booters" class="mw-redirect" title="FEU Lady Tamaraw Booters">Far Eastern University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Green_Archers_United_F.C._(women)" title="Green Archers United F.C. (women)">Green Archers United</a></dd> <dd>Maroons</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manila_Nomads_Sports_Club" title="Manila Nomads Sports Club">Nomads</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hiraya_F.C." title="Hiraya F.C.">Stallion–Hiraya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tigers_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Tigers F.C.">Tigers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tuloy_F.C." title="Tuloy F.C.">Tuloy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/UP_Fighting_Maroons_women%27s_football" title="UP Fighting Maroons women's football">University of the Philippines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/UST_Lady_Booters" class="mw-redirect" title="UST Lady Booters">University of Santo Tomas</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Billiards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Shakrs Billiards Association</dt> <dd>Manila MSW Mavericks</dd> <dd>Quezon City Dragons</dd> <dd>Taguig Stallions</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/College_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="College athletics">Collegiate sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_(Philippines)" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)">NCAA</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_(Philippines)" title="Category:National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)">All teams</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association_of_the_Philippines" title="University Athletic Association of the Philippines">UAAP</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:University_Athletic_Association_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:University Athletic Association of the Philippines">All teams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Other_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_areas_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Metropolitan areas of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Metropolitan areas of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan areas of the Philippines"><abbr 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href="/wiki/Metro_Baguio" title="Metro Baguio">Baguio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Bacolod" title="Metro Bacolod">Bacolod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas_City" title="Batangas City">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Cagayan_de_Oro" title="Metro Cagayan de Oro">Cagayan de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagupan" title="Dagupan">Dagupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Iloilo%E2%80%93Guimaras" title="Metro Iloilo–Guimaras">Iloilo–Guimaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Naga" title="Metro Naga">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olongapo" title="Olongapo">Olongapo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Regions of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NCR – National Capital Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">I – Ilocos Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">II – Cagayan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">III – Central Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">IV-A – Calabarzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">V – Bicol Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">VI – Western Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Island_Region" title="Negros Island Region">NIR – Negros Island Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">VII – Central Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">VIII – Eastern Visayas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">IX – Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">X – Northern Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">XI – Davao Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">XII – Soccsksargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">XIII – Caraga Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog" title="Southern Tagalog">IV – Southern Tagalog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x22px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_the_Philippines" title="Capital of the Philippines">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Capital Region</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Philippines"><img alt="Map of the Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg/80px-Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg/120px-Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg/160px-Ph_regions_and_provinces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="6105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">I – Ilocos Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan_Valley" title="Cagayan Valley">II – Cagayan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Luzon" title="Central Luzon">III – Central Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabarzon" title="Calabarzon">IV-A – Calabarzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimaropa" title="Mimaropa">Mimaropa – Southwestern Tagalog Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicol_Region" title="Bicol Region">V – Bicol Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">VI – Western Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Visayas" title="Central Visayas">VII – Central Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Visayas" title="Eastern Visayas">VIII – Eastern Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="Zamboanga Peninsula">IX – Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mindanao" title="Northern Mindanao">X – Northern Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Region" title="Davao Region">XI – Davao Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">XII – Soccsksargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">XIII – Caraga Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NCR – National Capital Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Island_Region" title="Negros Island Region">NIR – Negros Island Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Autonomous regions of the Philippines">Autonomous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abra_(province)" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_(province)" title="Antique (province)">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_de_Oro" title="Davao de Oro">Davao de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Occidental" title="Davao Occidental">Davao Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabela_(province)" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(province)" title="Kalinga (province)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyte_(province)" title="Leyte (province)">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samar_(province)" title="Samar (province)">Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities in the Philippines">List of cities in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_municipalities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines">List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_barangays_in_Philippine_provinces" title="Category:Lists of barangays in Philippine provinces">Lists of barangays by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">Poblacion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">Puroks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitio" title="Sitio">Sitios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_primary_local_government_units_of_the_Philippines" title="List of primary local government units of the Philippines">List of primary LGUs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_the_Philippines" title="Legislative districts of the Philippines">Legislative districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_Philippines" title="List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Geographic_Area" title="Special Geographic Area">Special Geographic Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines#Formally_proposed_provinces" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Formally proposed provinces</a></li> <li>Autonomous regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_autonomy_movement" title="Cordillera autonomy movement">Cordillera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_former_provinces_and_cities" title="Template:Philippines former provinces and cities">Former provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Sub-provinces of the Philippines">Sub-provinces</a></li> <li>Regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tagalog" title="Southern Tagalog">Southern Tagalog</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13580#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139555348">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrcfTJmRrjPDjyR4PbmVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4737271-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80112059">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557226405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/71a9f5dc-6b9b-45ea-913b-84ee9268cf63">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&oldid=1259333955">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metro_Manila&oldid=1259333955</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metro_Manila" title="Category:Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1975_establishments_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:1975 establishments in the 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