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region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Joan Carles Amat</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/37027/joan-carles-amat" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"><p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Carles Amat, Joan. </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Monistrol de Montserrat (Barcelona), <i>c</i>. 1572 – 10.II.1642. Guitarrista y médico.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Fueron sus padres Joan Carles y Joana Amat. A muy temprana edad debió de iniciarse en el estudio de la música, pues relata fray Leonardo San Martín, en su carta incluida en los proemios de la edición de 1639 del tratado <i>Guitarra española, </i>que “ya de edad de siete años tocaba y cantaba con lindo aire”. Se trasladó a Valencia, en cuya Universidad estudió Medicina y se graduó hacia 1595. Un año después está de nuevo en su villa natal y posiblemente vivió unos años en Lérida, de lo que no se tiene certeza. En 1600 contrae matrimonio con Mónica Ubach Casanovas sin tener descendencia.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Al menos desde 1618 Carles Amat es vecino de Monistrol, donde fue contratado como médico municipal por tres años. Este contrato fue renovándose hasta el fin de su vida, siendo también médico del cercano monasterio de Montserrat. Tuvo gran participación en los asuntos públicos de la villa ayudando, incluso financieramente, a la realización de varios proyectos urbanísticos y desempeñando diversidad de cargos en el ayuntamiento, en el que desde 1637 era secretario hasta enero de 1642, cuando fue nombrado alcalde. Falleció un mes después.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Persona culta y de intereses muy amplios, le atribuye el padre Leonardo “haber sacado a luz” diversos tratados sobre aritmética, astrología y poesía, de los que no se tiene conocimiento actualmente. Dejó manuscritos sobre diversos temas de Monistrol en su condición de secretario del ayuntamiento. En relación con su profesión publicó un <i>Tratado sobre las heridas de la cabeza </i>en Valencia, un <i>Tratado de la peste </i>en Barcelona y <i>Fructus Medicinae </i>en Lyon (1623), en latín. Este opúsculo, como el autor lo llama y en el que da cuenta de sus estudios en Valencia elogiando a los que fueron sus maestros, es un breve compendio de medicina práctica que alcanzó notable éxito a juzgar por el número de ediciones y reimpresiones que tuvo a lo largo del siglo XVII. En otro orden de cosas, publicó <i>Quatrecents Aforismes Catalans, </i>conjunto de refranes y sentencias que tuvo cerca de veinte ediciones en vida del autor y que estuvo en uso en las escuelas catalanas “para después que sabían deletrear”, según Torres Amat, hasta bien entrado el siglo XIX.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">En 1596 publicó en Barcelona el pequeño tratado <i>Guitarra española de cinco órdenes. </i>El éxito fue inmediato; en 1626 le añadió dos capítulos y en 1639 el <i>Tractat breu </i>en catalán, donde incluyó nuevas tablas y un grabado ya con la nomenclatura del “alfabeto italiano” que había sido publicado por Girolamo Montesardo en 1606, así como un capítulo dedicado a la bandola. A finales del siglo XVI dejó de publicar música para vihuela y la guitarra de cuatro órdenes, a la que Carles Amat le dedica un capítulo de su libro, en favor de la guitarra barroca de cinco órdenes apelada <i>española, </i>a juicio del autor “por ser más recibida en esta tierra”. El instrumento “más mañero y menos costoso”, según Cervantes en <i>El celoso extremeño, </i>goza de enorme aceptación en todos los estamentos sociales y está muy presente en la escena teatral, donde los músicos se acompañan de él en entremeses, loas y bailes. Frente al contrapunto renacentista la guitarra sirve con eficacia al nuevo lenguaje de la melodía acompañada con el rasgueo de los acordes. El libro de Carles Amat, que es el primer tratado de guitarra de la historia, responde con extrema sencillez a las nuevas demandas.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Aunque fue pronto superado por autores italianos que impusieron su “alfabeto” frente al sistema de numeración de acordes de Carles Amat, y poco después por franceses y españoles, el libro fue editado en numerosas ocasiones a lo largo del siglo XVII, siendo citado por Gaspar Sanz en su <i>Instrucción de música </i>de 1674. Durante el siglo XVIII fue publicado muchas veces anónimamente, incluso sufrió plagios como el de Andrés de Sotos en 1764, y al igual que los <i>Aforismes </i>llegó a editarse a principios del XIX. El libro de Carles Amat ocupa además un lugar destacado en la historia de la guitarra por su claridad didáctica y como documento de la consolidación de la práctica de la tonalidad frente a la teoría modal ya en retroceso.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Obras de ~: <i>Guitarra española de cinco órdenes, </i>Barcelona, 1596 (Lérida, Viuda Anglada, 1627; Gerona, Joseph Bró, 1761-1766; Valencia, Agustín Laborda, 1758); <i>Fructus Medicinae, ex variis galeni locis decerpti, </i>Lyon, 1623; <i>Quatrecents Aforismes Catalans, </i>s. l., s. f. (Cervera, Imprenta de la Pontificia y Real Universitat, 1796; ed. facs. en http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaAutor.html?Ref=4473).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Bibl.: F. Torres y Amat, <i>Memorias para ayudar a formar un diccionario crítico de los escritores catalanes, </i>Barcelona, J. Verdaguer, 1836; J. Vilar, “Breus notices biográfiques i bibliográfiques del Dr. Joan Carles Amat”, en J. Carles Amat, <i>Quatrecents Aforismes Catalans, </i>Barcelona, Imprenta Bayer, 1918; E. Pujol, “Significación de Joan Carlos Amat en la historia de la guitarra”, en <i>Anuario Musical, </i>V (1950), págs. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" xml:lang="EN-US">125-146; J. Tyler, “The renaissance guitar 1500-1650”, en <i>Early Music (EM), </i>III, 4 (1975), págs. </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">341-347; M. Hall, “The ‘guitarra española’ of Joan Carles Amat”, en <i>EM</i>, VI, 3 (1978), págs. 362-373; M. Hall, “Introducción” a J. Carles Amat, <i>Guitarra española</i>, Mónaco, Chanterelle, 1980 (ed. facs.); N. D. Pennington, <i>The Spanish Baroque Guitar, </i>Ann Arbor, UMI Research Press, 1981; C. H. Russell, “Joan Carles Amat”, en E. Casares Rodicio (coord. y dir.), <i>Diccionario de la música española e hispanoamericana, </i>vol. 1, Madrid, Sociedad General de Autores y Editores, 1999, págs. 395-397.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"> </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Miguel Ángel Jiménez Arnáiz</span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas frecuentes</a></p> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockbiografia-destacada-block-2 clearfix" id="block-views-block-biografia-destacada-block-2"> <h2 class="block-title">Biografía destacada</h2> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-biografia-destacada view-id-biografia_destacada view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-15347430fff4035a0e5743336604f2b0041e5d04246d12e3f7574df878b3d7f1"> <div class="view-content"> <div id="views-bootstrap-biografia-destacada-block-2" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="5000" data-pause="" data-wrap="0"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item row active"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/imagenes/biografias/Portal-Historia-Hisp%C3%A1nica.jpg" width="480" height="320" alt="HH" title="https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> <div class="carousel-caption"> <h3><a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und">Portal "Historia Hispánica"</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="row content-wrapper"> <div class="region region-content-bottom"> <section id="block-dbepersonajesrelacionados" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-relacionados clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-relacionados-wrapper"> <h1>Relación con otros personajes del DBE</h1> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-first"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-45b6b9ae4a626c62f6c470970887bf04ef7645205afd38b3d1a30ca4de1967c7"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Biografías que citan a este personaje</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/biografias/5253/dionisio-tomas-ventura-aguado-garcia" hreflang="und"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumb/public/imagenes/biografias/700_Aguado-Garcia_Dionisio-Tomas-Ventura.jpg" width="33" height="33" alt="Dionisio Tomás Ventura Aguado García" title="Detalle del retrato de Dionisio Aguado y García por R. 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