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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hasidism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Hasidic_rebbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Hasidic_rebbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Hasidic rebbe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Hasidic_rebbe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Hasidic rebbe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Hasidic_rebbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationship_of_Hasidim_to_their_rebbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_of_Hasidim_to_their_rebbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Relationship of Hasidim to their rebbe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_of_Hasidim_to_their_rebbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebbe_as_tzadik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebbe_as_tzadik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Rebbe as tzadik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebbe_as_tzadik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tzadik_HaDor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tzadik_HaDor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Tzadik HaDor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tzadik_HaDor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebbe_as_conduit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebbe_as_conduit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Rebbe as conduit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebbe_as_conduit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hasidic_followers_of_a_rebbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hasidic_followers_of_a_rebbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Hasidic followers of a rebbe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hasidic_followers_of_a_rebbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functions_of_a_Hasidic_rebbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functions_of_a_Hasidic_rebbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Functions of a Hasidic rebbe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functions_of_a_Hasidic_rebbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typology_of_Hasidic_rebbes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typology_of_Hasidic_rebbes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Typology of Hasidic rebbes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typology_of_Hasidic_rebbes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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(тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebe" title="Rebe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rebe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admor" title="Admor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Admor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebe" title="Rebe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rebe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ربه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ربه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rebbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rebbe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%22%D7%A8" title="אדמו"ר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדמו"ר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebe" title="Rebe – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rebe" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rebbe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%99" title="レベ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レベ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebe" title="Rebe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rebe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebe" title="Rebe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rebe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rebbe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Ребе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ребе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rebbe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rebbe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the social functions of Hasidic leadership. For the Hasidic theory of leadership, see <a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">Tzadik</a>. For Menachem Mendel Schneerson (commonly referred to as The Rebbe), see <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" title="Menachem Mendel Schneerson">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rebbe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rebbe (disambiguation)">Rebbe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg/250px-Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg/375px-Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg/500px-Isroel_Hopsztajn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yisroel_Hopstein" title="Yisroel Hopstein">Yisroel Hopstein</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kozienice" title="Kozienice">Kozienice</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David"><img alt="Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/60px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/90px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/120px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments"><img alt="Ten Commandments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/60px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/90px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Lukhot_Habrit.svg/120px-Lukhot_Habrit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="243" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/70px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/105px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/140px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Movements</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservadox" title="Conservadox">Conservadox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosenness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_(Judaism)" title="Chumash (Judaism)">Ḥumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyyut" title="Piyyut">Piyutim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Law</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" title="Mishnah Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruch_HaShulchan" title="Aruch HaShulchan">Aruch HaShulchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Noahide laws</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Cities" title="Four Holy Cities">Holy cities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_holy_places" title="Category:Jewish holy places">places</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_midrash" title="Beth midrash">Beth midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadisha" title="Chevra kadisha">Chevra kadisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Holy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Important figures</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_rabbis" title="List of rabbis">Rabbinic sages</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazal</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoraim" title="Savoraim">Savoraim</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geonim" title="Geonim">Geonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharonim" title="Acharonim">Acharonim</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_religious_occupations" title="Category:Jewish religious occupations">Religious roles</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">Posek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Rosh yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">Mohel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">education</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">Bar and bat mitzvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheder" title="Cheder">Cheder</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ritual objects</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Sefer Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">Mezuzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_menorah" title="Hanukkah menorah">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a><br /> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">Lulav</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadass" title="Hadass">Hadass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aravah_(Sukkot)" title="Aravah (Sukkot)">Arava</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kittel" title="Kittel">Kittel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gartel" title="Gartel">Gartel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayers</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shema" title="Shema">Shema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleinu" title="Aleinu">Aleinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Birkat Hamazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehecheyanu" title="Shehecheyanu">Shehecheyanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">Havdalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachanun" title="Tachanun">Tachanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_Nidre" title="Kol Nidre">Kol 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judaism" title="Template:Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judaism" title="Template talk:Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>Rebbe</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">רבי</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">rebe</i></span>) or <b>Admor</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אדמו״ר</span>) is the spiritual leader in the <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic movement</a>, and the personalities<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasidic_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasidic dynasties">its dynasties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heilman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The titles of Rebbe and Admor, which used to be a general honorific even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its <a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">Tzadikim</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, <i>rebbe</i> is used in the following ways: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a>, a teacher of Torah – <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a> students or <i><a href="/wiki/Cheder" title="Cheder">cheder</a></i> (elementary school) students, when talking to their teacher, would address him with the <a href="/wiki/Honorifics_in_Judaism" title="Honorifics in Judaism">honorific</a> <i>Rebbe</i>, as the Yiddish-German equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> word <i>rabbi</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">רַבִּי</span>‎ <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">rabi</i></span></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ˈʁabi]</a></span>).</li> <li>Personal mentor and teacher—A person's main <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh Yeshiva">Rosh Yeshiva</a>, Yeshiva teacher, or mentor, who teaches him or her Talmud and Torah and gives religious guidance, is referred to as <i>rebbe</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-ODoE-rebbe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODoE-rebbe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also as an equivalent to the term "rabbi".</li> <li>Spiritual leader—The spiritual head of a Hasidic movement is called a <i>rebbe</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-ODoE-rebbe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODoE-rebbe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His followers would address him as "The <i>Rebbe</i>" or refer to him when speaking to others as "the <i>Rebbe</i>" or "my <i>Rebbe</i>". He is referred to by others as the <i>Rebbe</i> of a particular <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasidic dynasty">Hasidic dynasty</a>. In Hebrew, a Hasidic rebbe is often referred to as an <i><a href="/wiki/Honorifics_in_Judaism#Admo.22r" title="Honorifics in Judaism">AdMoR</a></i>, which is an abbreviation for <i><b>Ad</b>oneinu, <b>Mo</b>reinu, ve<b>R</b>abbenu</i> ("Our Master, our Teacher, and our Rabbi"). In writing, this title is placed before the name of the Hasidut, as in "Admor of Belz"; while the title <i>Rebbe</i> comes after the name of the <i>Hasidut</i> when used as an adjective, as in "Lubavitcher Rebbe", "Amshinever Rebbe", and every rebbe of every <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasidic_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasidic dynasties">Hasidic dynasty</a>. In the <i><a href="/wiki/Litvishe" class="mw-redirect" title="Litvishe">Litvishe</a></i> world, when not referring to a hasidic <i>rebbe</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ODoE-rebbe_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODoE-rebbe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the word can be pronounced "rebbee" (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>). Sephardic Jews can pronounce it as "Ribbi" (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>). The <a href="/wiki/Lubavitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubavitch">Lubavitcher</a> hasidim have a tradition that the Hebrew letters that make up the word rebbe (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>) are also an acronym for "<b>R</b>osh <b>B</b>nei <b>Y</b>isroel", meaning "a spiritual head of the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a>".</li></ol> <p>An ordinary communal rabbi, or <i>rebbe</i> in Yiddish, is sometimes distinct from a <i><a href="/wiki/Rav" title="Rav">rav</a></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span>, also pronounced <i>rov</i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span> by Jews of Eastern European or Russian origin), who is a more authoritative <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakhic</a> decider. A significant function of a <i>rav</i> is to answer questions of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakha</a> (the corpus of Jewish law), but he is not as authoritative as a <i><a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">posek</a></i>. The short form <i><a href="/wiki/Reb_(Yiddish)" title="Reb (Yiddish)">reb</a></i> is an <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorific</a> for <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> men, who are most likely to have profound knowledge of the Talmud and Torah, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> or <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a>. Originally, this title was added to the names of Jews at the time of the schism with the <a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite sect</a>, as a sign of loyalty to the original <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">rabbinic tradition</a>, known today as <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hasidism">Hasidism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hasidism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a rule, among hasidim, <i>rebbe</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is referred to in Hebrew as <i>admor</i> (pl. <i>admorim</i>), an abbreviation for <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew Language">Hebrew</a> <i>adoneinu moreinu v'rabeinu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אדמו"ר</span> acronym for <b>אד</b>וננו <b>מ</b>ורנו <b>ור</b>בנו), meaning 'our master, our teacher, and our rabbi', which is now the modern Hebrew word in Israel for <i>rebbe</i>. </p><p>Hasidim use the term <i>rebbe</i> also in a more elevated manner, to denote someone that they perceive not only as the religious leader or <i><a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">nasi</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-TheRebbeOnRebbe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheRebbeOnRebbe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of their congregation, but as their spiritual adviser and mentor. <i>The Rebbe</i> or <i>my Rebbe</i> in this sense is a <i>rav</i> or <i>rabbi</i> whose views and advice are accepted not only on issues of religious law and practice, but in all arenas of life, including political and social issues. Sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Hasid_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasid (term)">Hasid</a> has a <i>rebbe</i> as his spiritual guide and an additional <i>rav</i> for rulings on issues of <i>halakha</i>. </p><p>Hasidim use the concept of a (non-Hasidic) <i>rebbe</i> in the simple sense of <i>rabbi</i>, as the Yiddish-German equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> word <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">רַבִּי</span>‎ <i><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">rabi</i></span></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[ˈʁäbi]</a></span>. For example: "I will ask my rebbe (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>), Rabbi (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) <a href="/wiki/Ploni#Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploni">Ploni</a> (so-and-so), for advice about this personal matter." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Hasidic_rebbe">The Hasidic rebbe <span class="anchor" id="Rebbe_(Hasidism)"></span> <span class="anchor" id="Chasidic_Rebbes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Hasidic rebbe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Hasidic rebbe (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is generally taken to mean a great leader of a <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasidic_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasidic dynasties">dynasty</a>, also referred to as "Grand Rabbi" in English or an <i>ADMOR</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> acronym for <i><b>Ad</b>oneinu<b>-Mo</b>reinu-ve<b>R</b>abbeinu</i> ("our lord/master, teacher, and rabbi"). Outside of Hasidic circles, the term "Grand Rabbi" has been used to refer to a rabbi with a higher spiritual status. The practice became widespread in America in the early 1900s when Hasidic rebbes began to emigrate to the United States and was derived from the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Grossrabbiner</i>. </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Israel_ben_Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel ben Eliezer">Yisroel Baal Shem Tov</a>, the founder of Hasidism, is regarded by Hasidim as the first Hasidic rebbe.<sup id="cite_ref-Heilman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his lifetime he was referred to mainly as "The holy" rather than as "Rebbe", and his disciples were "<a href="/wiki/Maggid" title="Maggid">magidim</a>" or "preachers", such as the <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Twersky" title="Mordechai Twersky">Magid of Chernobyl</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Magid_of_Mezritsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Magid of Mezritsh">Magid of Mezritch</a>. </p><p>The first "rebbe" to be known as such was the Baal Shem Tov's grandson, Rabbi Boruch of <a href="/wiki/Medzhibozh_(Hasidic_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medzhibozh (Hasidic dynasty)">Mezhibozh</a>, who was referred to as "The Rebbe" during his lifetime. After him, those who rose to positions of leadership and their successors began to be called <i>rebbe</i>. The title gradually came to suggest a higher spiritual status. </p><p>Each Hasidic group refers to its leader as "the rebbe". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Rachel_Verbermacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannah Rachel Verbermacher">Hannah Rachel Verbermacher</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Maiden_of_Ludmir" title="Maiden of Ludmir">Maiden of Ludmir</a> or the "Ludmirer Moyd", was the only female rebbe in the history of the Hasidic movement; she lived in the 19th century in Ukraine and Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_of_Hasidim_to_their_rebbe">Relationship of Hasidim to their rebbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relationship of Hasidim to their rebbe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rebbe_as_tzadik">Rebbe as tzadik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rebbe as tzadik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tzadik is "one whose merit surpasses [his/her] iniquity", and every person can reach the level of a Tzadik. According to the <a href="/wiki/Tanya_(Judaism)" title="Tanya (Judaism)">Tanya</a>, a tzadik has no evil inclination, and only a select few predestined to attain this level can attain it. According to <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> (and particularly the Hasidic understanding of Kabbalah), the world is sustained on the "shoulders" of <a href="/wiki/Tzadikim_Nistarim" title="Tzadikim Nistarim">Tzadikim Nistarim</a>, divinely predestined exceptionally righteous people in a generation. Nobody knows who was such a tzaddik, even one of these exceptionally righteous people would not know that they are such a tzadik. These people are understood to have perfected their service of God to such an extent that they become literally and physically aware of God. These righteous people's perception (of both spiritual and physical, not to mention temporal matters) transcends the apparent boundaries of existence. </p><p>However, a Hasidic rebbe is generally said to be a righteous person, called a "<a href="/wiki/Tzaddik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzaddik">tzaddik</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Heilman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, a rebbe is said to be able to affect divine providence, and a rebbe is said to be able to "see the future", or at least have strong insight into the life and trials of another. </p><p>As a result, Hasidim in some Hasidic circles seek their rebbe's advice for a variety of concerns: spiritual, physical, and even business concerns. Furthermore, many people seek the blessing <i>(<a href="/wiki/Berakhah" title="Berakhah">bracha</a>)</i> of a rebbe (and a Hasid will specifically seek the blessing of his rebbe) for anything, from minor (and all the more so major) physical troubles, to grand spiritual concerns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tzadik_HaDor">Tzadik HaDor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tzadik HaDor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some movements the Hasidim believe that their rebbe is the "<i>tzadik hador</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Tzadik#The_Tzadik_HaDor-Tzaddik_of_the_Generation" title="Tzadik">tzaddik of the generation</a>) and would regard any thought that detracts from his perfection and holiness as heresy. Other sects lessen this idealization to some degree or another. Since many rebbes are sons-in-law or students of other rebbes, it makes sense that they would view themselves as subordinate to those other rebbes. Nonetheless, their Hasidim remain loyal to them because of their special loyalty, a family connection, or a belief that a specific <i><a href="/wiki/Tzaddik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzaddik">tzaddik</a></i> or Nasi HaDor (although others might have greater spiritual stature) connects best with one's soul. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Kosov_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Kosov (Hasidic dynasty)">Kosover</a> Rebbe makes yearly pilgrimages to the <a href="/wiki/Tosh_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Tosh (Hasidic dynasty)">Tosher</a> Rebbe. Nonetheless, his followers remain very loyal to him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rebbe_as_conduit">Rebbe as conduit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rebbe as conduit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike rabbis or non-Hasidic rebbes in other Jewish movements, <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic Judaism</a> considers a "Hasidic rebbe" to be a conduit between Jews and God.<sup id="cite_ref-Heilman_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heilman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on traditional Kabbalistic concepts and terminology, <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_philosophy" title="Hasidic philosophy">Hasidic philosophy</a> bridged <a href="/wiki/Deveikut" class="mw-redirect" title="Deveikut">deveikut</a>, a Jewish concept referring to closeness to God, to the Hasidic rebbe, embodying and channeling the <a href="/wiki/Ayin_and_Yesh" title="Ayin and Yesh">Divine flow</a> of blessing to the world, because Creation is dependent on the continuous flow of Divine lifeforce, without which it would revert to nothingness.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hasidic_followers_of_a_rebbe">Hasidic followers of a rebbe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hasidic followers of a rebbe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given a rebbe's physical awareness of God and the rebbe's transcendent perception of Godliness, many Hasidim take special care to observe their rebbe's specific and sometimes minute practices. Even things that seem mundane may nonetheless be seen by Hasidim as incredibly significant. For example, <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Lubavitcher</a> Hasidim frequently shape their <a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedoras</a> to match the way that the Lubavitcher Rebbe shaped his hat-which was more flat than many others. Many <a href="/wiki/Skver" class="mw-redirect" title="Skver">Skverer</a> Hasidim (of the Skverer Rebbe in <a href="/wiki/New_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="New Square">New Square</a>) wear their <a href="/wiki/Peyos" class="mw-redirect" title="Peyos">peyos</a> identical to those of the Skverer Rebbe. </p><p>While Hasidim do not always follow the specific practices of their rebbe, the rebbe can create practices that may be specific and unique to his Hasidim. For example, Rabbi Aaron Roth (<i>Reb Areleh</i>, as he was called) the first rebbe of <a href="/wiki/Toldos_Aharon" title="Toldos Aharon">Shomer Emunim</a>, told his Hasidim to pause frequently while eating their meals to keep them from overindulging. A Hasid will usually display love and admiration for their rebbe as they would a close family member, if not more so. However, the degree and nature of this belief vary depending on the movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functions_of_a_Hasidic_rebbe">Functions of a Hasidic rebbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Functions of a Hasidic rebbe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bostonertischbeitar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bostonertischbeitar.jpg/220px-Bostonertischbeitar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bostonertischbeitar.jpg/330px-Bostonertischbeitar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bostonertischbeitar.jpg/440px-Bostonertischbeitar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>The Bostoner Rebbe <i>feert <a href="/wiki/Tish_(Hasidic_celebration)" title="Tish (Hasidic celebration)">tish</a></i>, lit. "runs [a] table" in his synagogue in <a href="/wiki/Beitar_Illit" title="Beitar Illit">Beitar Illit</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tish_(Hasidic_celebration)" title="Tish (Hasidic celebration)">Tish (Hasidic celebration)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kvitel" title="Kvitel">kvitel</a></div> <p>There are some functions that are exclusively the domain of Hasidic rebbes: </p><p>A rebbe conducts a <i><a href="/wiki/Tish_(Hasidic_celebration)" title="Tish (Hasidic celebration)">tish</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">פֿירט טיש</span>: <i>feert tish</i>, literally, "to run [a] table") or a <i>farbrengen</i>—a communal festive meal with highly mystical overtones—on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and other occasions. At a tish, the rebbe distributes <i>shirayim</i> (lit. remnants) to the Hasidim seated at or gathered around the table. When a gathering similar to a <i>tish</i> is led by a rabbi who is not a rebbe (i.e. a <a href="/wiki/Mashpia" title="Mashpia">Mashpia</a>), it can be referred to as a <i>botte</i> (esp. amongst groups from Romania) or <i>sheves Achim</i>. </p><p>A rebbe has times when Hasidim (and other petitioners) may come for a private audience. A <a href="/wiki/Kvitel" title="Kvitel">kvitel</a> (Yiddish for "note", plural <i>kvitlach</i>) is a note with the name of the petitioner and a short request for which the rebbe is asked to pray. The formula in which a person's name is written is one's own Hebrew name, the son/daughter of one's mother's Hebrew name, such as <i>Shimon ben Rivkah</i> (Simeon the son of Rebecca). Hasidim believes that rebbes read supernaturally "between the lines" of a <i>kvitel</i>, and in every Hasidic movement there are numerous anecdotes relating how the rebbe saw things that were not written in the <i>kvitel</i>. </p><p>In most Hasidic groups, the <i>kvitel</i> is written by the rebbe's <i><a href="/wiki/Gabbai" title="Gabbai">gabbai</a></i> (secretary), however, sometimes the petitioner writes it on his own. Usually, but with some exceptions, a <i>pidyon</i> (redemption) of cash is customarily handed to the rebbe under the <i>kvitel</i>, but this is not obligatory. This is considered to be the <a href="/wiki/Conduit_(spiritualism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conduit (spiritualism)">conduit</a> through which the blessing is given, and a redemption for the soul of the petitioner. ("A gift makes its receiver glad" is given as an explanation: a blessing only comes from a joyous heart.) It is also customary to tip the gabbai, although this too is not obligatory. </p><p>Other tasks are not exclusive to Hasidic rebbes but are important roles they play in their community similar to other <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a>. These include the leading of prayer on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holy Days</a>, performing <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvot</a> with their Hasidim, and participating in or officiating at weddings, <i><a href="/wiki/Bris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bris">brit milahs</a></i>, and other events. Hasidic rebbes also play a central role in the intellectual and social life of their communities, delivering sermons and dialogues and building educational and religious institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typology_of_Hasidic_rebbes">Typology of Hasidic rebbes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Typology of Hasidic rebbes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Schachter-Shalomi" title="Zalman Schachter-Shalomi">Zalman Schachter-Shalomi</a> theorized that the historical Hasidic Rebbes may be viewed as occupying one or several of the following roles or functions about their support of their followers:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 59–71">: 59–71 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>The Rav</i> — This role refers to Hasidic Rebbes who also served as ordained rabbis serving Jewish communities. Examples of this type cited by Schachter-Shalom include <a href="/wiki/Shmelke_of_Nikolsburg" title="Shmelke of Nikolsburg">Shmelke of Nikolsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Horowitz" title="Pinchas Horowitz">Pinchas Horowitz</a>. For some Hasidic Rebbes, such as <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Halberstam" title="Chaim Halberstam">Chaim Halberstam</a> of Sanz, the term Rav was used instead of Rebbe.</li> <li><i>The Good Jew</i> — This role, known in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> as the <i>Guter Yid</i>, refers to a popular Hasidic Rebbe who is viewed as enjoying God's favor and whose legacies spoke to the conditions of struggling Hasidim. This role was viewed as a continuation of the Talmudic legacy of individuals such as <a href="/wiki/Honi_HaMe%27agel" title="Honi HaMe'agel">Honi HaMe'agel</a>. Examples of Hasidic Rebbes of this type cited include <a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Leib_of_Shpola" title="Aryeh Leib of Shpola">Aryeh Leib of Shpola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berishil_of_Krakow" class="mw-redirect" title="Berishil of Krakow">Berishil of Krakow</a>.</li> <li><i>The Seer</i> — This role, known in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> as the <i>Chozeh</i>, refers to a Hasidic Rebbe was ascribed prophetic powers. Examples of this type cited include the <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Yitzchak_of_Lublin" title="Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin">Seer of Lublin</a> and his student <a href="/wiki/Tzvi_Hirsh_of_Zidichov" title="Tzvi Hirsh of Zidichov">Tzvi Hirsh of Zidichov</a>.</li> <li><i>The Miracle Worker</i> — This role, known in Hebrew as the <i>Ba'al Mofet</i>, was often assumed by Hasidim to involve expertise in <a href="/wiki/Practical_Kabbalah" title="Practical Kabbalah">Practical Kabbalah</a>. Examples cited include <a href="/wiki/Radoshitz_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Radoshitz (Hasidic dynasty)">Ber of Radoshitz</a>.</li> <li><i>The Healer</i> — This role is understood as involving more than mere healing but also involved the expectation that the Hasid would alter his behavior to merit healing. <ul><li><i>The Gaon</i> — A variant of the healer-type was the Talmudic genius (<i>gaon</i>) who could offer blessing through the merit of his Talmudic study. This tradition was not limited to Hasidism but also was applied to non-Hasidic rabbis such as <a href="/wiki/Yechezkel_Landau" title="Yechezkel Landau">Yechezkel Landau</a> of Prague and the <a href="/wiki/Gaon_of_Vilna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaon of Vilna">Gaon of Vilna</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><i>The Son or Grandson of the Tzaddik</i> — This role applied to Hasidic Rebbes who would utilize ancestral merit of a Hasidic predecessor to invoke blessing. In Yiddish, the term <i>einykel</i> (grandson) would sometimes be used. Often, this role involved the use of petitions at the gravesite of the Hasidic predecessor. Examples cited of this type include <a href="/wiki/Boruch_of_Medzhybizh" title="Boruch of Medzhybizh">Boruch of Medzhybizh</a> who was the grandson of the <a href="/wiki/Baal_Shem_Tov" title="Baal Shem Tov">Baal Shem Tov</a>, the founder of Hasidism.</li> <li><i>The Block Rebbe</i> — This type is viewed to have developed in New York City from 1900 to 1940 and involved a grandfatherly role to local Jewish residents.</li> <li><i>The Kabbalist</i> — This role, also known in Hebrew as the <i>Ba'al M'kubal</i>, involved expertise in the theoretical teachings of Jewish mysticism. Examples cited include <a href="/wiki/Shneur_Zalman_of_Lyady" class="mw-redirect" title="Shneur Zalman of Lyady">Shneur Zalman of Lyady</a> (the founder of <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> Hasidism), <a href="/wiki/Yisroel_Hopstein" title="Yisroel Hopstein">Yisroel Hopstein</a> (the Maggid of Kozhnitz), and <a href="/wiki/Komarno_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Komarno (Hasidic dynasty)">Isaac of Komarno</a>.</li> <li><i>The Spiritual Guide</i> — This role, known in Hebrew as the <i>Moreh Derekh</i> ("Teacher of the Path"), reflects the Hasidic notion that Rebbe is the expert on matters of the Love and Fear of God. The Hasidic Rebbe <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Roth" title="Aharon Roth">Aharon Roth</a> reportedly insisted on the use of this term. While Schachter-Shalom notes that Hasidim valued the living guide over the use of books, some Rebbes, such as <a href="/wiki/Sholom_Dovber_Schneersohn" title="Sholom Dovber Schneersohn">Shalom Dovber of Lubavitch</a>, wrote various tracts for different types of spiritual seekers.</li> <li><i>The Tzaddik of the Generation</i> — This role, known in Hebrew as <i>Tzaddik HaDor</i>, or <i>Rashey Alafim</i> ("Head of Thousands"), invokes the stature of Biblical leaders and is viewed mystically as the conduit of all blessing for the Jewish people of that generation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasidic_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasidic dynasties">List of Hasidic dynasties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Heilman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heilman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heilman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heilman_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heilman_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heilman, Samuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uctv.tv/shows/The-Rebbe-and-The-Resurgence-of-Orthodox-Judaism-22631">"The Rebbe and the Resurgence of Orthodox Judaism."</a> <i>Religion and Spirituality (Audio)</i>. UCTV, 20 Oct 2011. web. 31 Jul 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODoE-rebbe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODoE-rebbe_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODoE-rebbe_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODoE-rebbe_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Dictionary of English, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Zalman_Auerbach" title="Shlomo Zalman Auerbach">Shlomo Zalman Auerbach</a>, <i>Halikhot Shlomo</i> 1:370–373;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Salo_Wittmayer_Baron" title="Salo Wittmayer Baron">Salo Wittmayer Baron</a>, <i>A Social and Religious History of the Jews</i>, vol. 5 p. 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheRebbeOnRebbe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheRebbeOnRebbe_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchneerson" class="citation web cs1">Schneerson, Rabbi Menachem Mendel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/therebbe/letters/default_cdo/aid/66722/jewish/The-Head.htm">"The Head"</a>. <i>Kabbalah and the Mystical</i>. Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130619001923/http://www.chabad.org/therebbe/letters/default_cdo/aid/66722/jewish/The-Head.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kabbalah+and+the+Mystical&rft.atitle=The+Head&rft.aulast=Schneerson&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Menachem+Mendel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Ftherebbe%2Fletters%2Fdefault_cdo%2Faid%2F66722%2Fjewish%2FThe-Head.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebbe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Maiden_of_Ludmir">"YIVO - Maiden of Ludmir"</a>. <i>www.yivoencyclopedia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yivoencyclopedia.org&rft.atitle=YIVO+-+Maiden+of+Ludmir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2FMaiden_of_Ludmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebbe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch2003" class="citation book cs1">Deutsch, Nathaniel (6 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K4WylwfJNOoC&q=biography+maiden+ludmir"><i>The Maiden of Ludmir: A Jewish Holy Woman and Her World</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520927971" title="Special:BookSources/9780520927971"><bdi>9780520927971</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maiden+of+Ludmir%3A+A+Jewish+Holy+Woman+and+Her+World&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003-10-06&rft.isbn=9780520927971&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK4WylwfJNOoC%26q%3Dbiography%2Bmaiden%2Bludmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebbe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tractate Yevamot of the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> 49b–50a: "One whose merit surpasses his iniquity is a <i>tzadik</i>". <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a>, <i>Sefer Madda</i>, Laws of <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Judaism" title="Repentance in Judaism">Repentance</a> 3:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> God and the Zaddik as the two focal points of Hasidic worship</i> Ada Rapoport-Albert, in <i>Essential Papers on Hasidism</i> edited by Gershon Hundert, NYU Press 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Vienna Celebrates 'the Most Influential Rabbi of Modern History'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". Alexandria, VA. Connection Newspapers. May 7, 2014. <q>Chabad Tysons Jewish Center will present Paradigm Shift: Transformational Life Teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, a new six-session course by the Rohr Jewish Learning Institute. The course will be offered as part of a series of local activities in Northern Virginia marking 20 years since the passing of "the Rebbe", Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson of righteous memory. The Rebbe was a visionary religious leader who inspired countless individuals during his lifetime and established a global network of educational, social, and religious institutions to revive the post-holocaust Jewish landscape.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vienna+Celebrates+%27the+Most+Influential+Rabbi+of+Modern+History%27&rft.date=2014-05-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebbe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchachter-Shalomi1991" class="citation book cs1">Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman Meshullam (1991). <i>Spiritual Intimacy: A Study of Counseling in Hasidism</i>. Jason Aronson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spiritual+Intimacy%3A+A+Study+of+Counseling+in+Hasidism&rft.pub=Jason+Aronson&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Schachter-Shalomi&rft.aufirst=Zalman+Meshullam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARebbe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/therebbe/default_cdo/jewish/the-rebbe.htm">Chabad.org: The Rebbe</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&oldid=1259271681">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&oldid=1259271681</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hasidic_rebbes" title="Category:Hasidic rebbes">Hasidic rebbes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_rabbinic_roles_and_titles" title="Category:Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles">Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles" title="Category:Titles">Titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yiddish_words_and_phrases" title="Category:Yiddish words and phrases">Yiddish words and phrases</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Yiddish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Yiddish-language text">Articles containing Yiddish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_November_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2021">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Hebrew_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Hebrew IPA">Pages with Hebrew IPA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 07:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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