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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Limbo_para_Bapa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbo_para_Bapa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Limbo para Bapa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbo_para_Bapa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbo_para_Bayi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbo_para_Bayi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Limbo para Bayi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Limbo_para_Bayi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Limbo para Bayi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Limbo_para_Bayi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bapa_Gereja_Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bapa_Gereja_Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bapa Gereja Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bapa_Gereja_Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teolog_abad_pertengahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teolog_abad_pertengahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Teolog abad pertengahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teolog_abad_pertengahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkembangan_selanjutnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkembangan_selanjutnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Perkembangan selanjutnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkembangan_selanjutnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limbo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 42 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="ليمبو – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليمبو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Лимбо – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лимбо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llimbs" title="Llimbs – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llimbs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbus_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD)" title="Limbus (náboženství) – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Limbus (náboženství)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbus_(Theologie)" title="Limbus (Theologie) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Limbus (Theologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo_(religio)" title="Limbo (religio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Limbo (religio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo_(teolog%C3%ADa)" title="Limbo (teología) – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Limbo (teología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linbo_(teologia)" title="Linbo (teologia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Linbo (teologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88" title="لیمبو – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیمبو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbus" title="Limbus – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Limbus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbes" title="Limbes – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Limbes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95" title="לימבו – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לימבו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbus" title="Limbus – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Limbus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Լիմբոս – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիմբոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BA%E7%8D%84" title="辺獄 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="辺獄" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%84%B1%EC%86%8C" title="고성소 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고성소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragarai" title="Pragarai – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pragarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorgeborchte" title="Voorgeborchte – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorgeborchte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbus" title="Limbus – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Limbus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otch%C5%82a%C5%84" title="Otchłań – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Otchłań" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лимб (религия) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лимб (религия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbus_(n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo)" title="Limbus (náboženstvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Limbus (náboženstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predpekel" title="Predpekel – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predpekel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Лимбо (теологија) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лимбо (теологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo_(religion)" title="Limbo (religion) – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Limbo (religion)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A" title="ลิมโบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิมโบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Limbo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Лімб (релігія) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лімб (релігія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m_b%C3%B4" title="Lâm bô – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lâm bô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B4orgeborchte" title="Vôorgeborchte – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vôorgeborchte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbes" title="Limbes – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Limbes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E8%96%84%E7%8D%84" title="靈薄獄 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="靈薄獄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limbo" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Limbo" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limbo"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Limbo" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Limbo" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&oldid=24103879" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Limbo&id=24103879&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLimbo"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLimbo"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Limbo"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Limbo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Limbo_(afterlife)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270710" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg/275px-Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg/413px-Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg/550px-Follower_of_Jheronimus_Bosch_Christ_in_Limbo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3164" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption><i>Christ in Limbo</i> (<abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 1575), karya seorang pengikut <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch" title="Hieronymus Bosch">Hieronymus Bosch</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Limbo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:limbus" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:limbus">limbus</a></i></span>, artinya: tepi atau batas, merujuk pada "tepi" neraka), dalam <a href="/wiki/Teologi_Katolik" title="Teologi Katolik">teologi Gereja Katolik</a>, adalah suatu gagasan spekulatif mengenai kondisi <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan_setelah_kematian" title="Kehidupan setelah kematian">kehidupan setelah kematian</a> bagi mereka yang meninggal karena <a href="/wiki/Dosa_asal" title="Dosa asal">dosa asalnya</a> tanpa ditetapkan untuk masuk dalam kutukan <a href="/wiki/Neraka" title="Neraka">neraka</a>. Para <a href="/wiki/Teolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Teolog">teolog</a> abad pertengahan dari <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> barat menjelaskan bahwa "<a href="/wiki/Dunia_bawah" title="Dunia bawah">dunia bawah</a>" (neraka, <i><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">hades</a></i>, <i>infernum</i>) dibagi menjadi 4 bagian yang berbeda: neraka terkutuk (sebagian menyebutnya <a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a>), <a href="/wiki/Purgatorium" title="Purgatorium">purgatorium</a>, Limbo para Bapa (<i>limbus patrum</i>), Limbo para Bayi (<i>limbus infantium</i>). Namun Limbo para Bayi <u>bukanlah</u> <a href="/wiki/Doktrin" title="Doktrin">doktrin</a> resmi <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik">Gereja Katolik</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limbo_para_Bapa">Limbo para Bapa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Limbo para Bapa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Limbo para Bapa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Chora_Anastasis1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chora_Anastasis1.jpg/250px-Chora_Anastasis1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chora_Anastasis1.jpg/375px-Chora_Anastasis1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chora_Anastasis1.jpg/500px-Chora_Anastasis1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Kebangkitan Kristus juga membangkitkan <a href="/wiki/Adam_dan_Hawa" title="Adam dan Hawa">Adam dan Hawa</a> dari Limbo (<a href="/wiki/Ikonografi" title="Ikonografi">ikonografi</a> Ortodoks Timur di <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chora_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Chora Church">Chora Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>"Limbo para Bapa" (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Limbo of the Fathers</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>limbus patrum</i></span>) dipandang sebagai <a href="/wiki/Keadaan_antara" title="Keadaan antara">keadaan sementara</a> bagi mereka, terlepas dari <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(Kristen)" title="Dosa (Kristen)">dosa-dosa</a> yang telah mereka lakukan, yang <a href="/wiki/Meninggal" class="mw-redirect" title="Meninggal">meninggal</a> dunia dalam persahabatan dengan <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> namun belum dapat masuk dalam <a href="/wiki/Surga" title="Surga">surga</a> sampai dengan penebusan oleh <a href="/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus Kristus">Yesus Kristus</a> (lihat: <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan Yesus</a>). Istilah ini merupakan sebuah nama pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_pertengahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad pertengahan">abad pertengahan</a> untuk menyebut satu bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Dunia_bawah" title="Dunia bawah">dunia bawah</a> (<i>underwold</i>), yaitu <i>hades</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">sheol</a></span>‎), dimana para bapa atau orang benar dari <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a> diyakini berada di sana menantikan turunnya roh <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a> kepada mereka melalui <a href="/wiki/Kematian_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian Yesus">kematian-Nya</a> untuk membebaskan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Katekismus_Gereja_Katolik" title="Katekismus Gereja Katolik">Katekismus Gereja Katolik</a> (KGK) 632-633 menjelaskan bahwa Kristus turun ke 'neraka' (bedakan dengan "neraka terkutuk") untuk membebaskan orang-orang benar yang meninggal dunia sebelum Dia. Hal ini merupakan arti pertama atas apa yang diberitakan oleh pewartaan <a href="/wiki/Keduabelas_rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Keduabelas rasul">para rasul</a> mengenai turunnya <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a> ke tempat penantian orang mati: "Yesus, layaknya semua manusia, mengalami kematian dan jiwa-Nya masuk ke tempat perhentian orang mati. Namun Ia turun ke sana sebagai <a href="/wiki/Juru_selamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Juru selamat">Juru selamat</a>, memaklumkan Kabar Gembira kepada jiwa-jiwa yang tertahan di sana." KGK tidak menggunakan kata "Limbo".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lukas_16" title="Lukas 16">Lukas 16</a>:22 berbicara tentang "<a href="/wiki/Pangkuan_Abraham" title="Pangkuan Abraham">pangkuan Abraham</a>", di mana <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">Gereja Ortodoks Timur</a> mengikuti para penulis <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> awal, yang memahaminya sebagai suatu keadaan sementara bagi <a href="/wiki/Jiwa" title="Jiwa">jiwa-jiwa</a> yang menanti untuk masuk <a href="/wiki/Surga" title="Surga">surga</a>. Akhir keadaan tersebut adalah <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_orang_mati" title="Kebangkitan orang mati">Kebangkitan Orang Mati</a> (penafsiran umum di <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Timur">Gereja Timur</a>) atau turunnya Kristus ke tempat penantian (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>Descensus Christi ad Inferos</i></span>), yang merupakan penafsiran paling umum di <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Barat">Gereja Barat</a> dan diadopsi juga oleh sebagian kalangan di Timur.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Doktrin yang dinyatakan dengan istilah "Limbo para Bapa" pernah diajarkan, misalnya oleh <a href="/wiki/Klemens_dari_Aleksandria" title="Klemens dari Aleksandria">Klemens dari Aleksandria</a>, seorang <a href="/wiki/Bapa_Gereja" title="Bapa Gereja">Bapa Gereja</a> Timur, yang menuliskan mengenai <i>hades</i> (<i>The Stromata</i>, Buku VI - Bab VI).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limbo_para_Bayi">Limbo para Bayi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Limbo para Bayi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Limbo para Bayi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limbo para Bayi (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: <span lang="la"><i>limbus infantium, limbus puerorum</i></span>) adalah suatu <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis" title="Hipotesis">hipotesis</a> tentang status permanen dari <a href="/wiki/Bayi" title="Bayi">bayi-bayi</a> yang meninggal sebelum di<a href="/wiki/Baptis" title="Baptis">baptis</a>; mereka terlalu kecil untuk dapat melakukan <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(Kristen)" title="Dosa (Kristen)">dosa-dosa</a> pribadi, tetapi belum dibebaskan dari <a href="/wiki/Dosa_asal" title="Dosa asal">dosa asal</a>. Spekulasi teologis Katolik baru-baru ini cenderung menekankan pada <a href="/wiki/Harapan_(kebajikan)" title="Harapan (kebajikan)">pengharapan</a>, walau tidak secara pasti, bahwa bayi-bayi ini mungkin mencapai surga, bukan keadaan yang semestinya di Limbo.<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun Gereja Katolik memiliki satu doktrin yang telah <a href="/wiki/Infalibilitas_kepausan" class="mw-redirect" title="Infalibilitas kepausan">didefinisikan secara dogmatis</a> pada dosa asal, tetapi tidak dijelaskan perihal nasib bayi-bayi yang belum dibaptis; para teolog diberi kebebasan untuk mengusulkan berbagai teori menyangkut hal ini, dimana <a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">magisterium</a> Gereja pun bebas untuk menerima atau menolaknya. Limbo adalah salah satu teori ini.<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bapa_Gereja_Latin">Bapa Gereja Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Bapa Gereja Latin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bapa Gereja Latin"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam usahanya melawan <a href="/wiki/Pelagius" title="Pelagius">Pelagius</a>, yang menyangkal adanya dosa asal, <a href="/wiki/Santo" title="Santo">Santo</a> <a href="/wiki/Agustinus_dari_Hippo" title="Agustinus dari Hippo">Agustinus dari Hippo</a> dibuatnya menyatakan bahwa karena adanya dosa asal, "[jiwa-jiwa] para bayi yang meninggalkan tubuhnya tanpa dibaptis akan mengalami hukuman yang paling ringan di antara semuanya. Orang tersebut, oleh karena itu, sangatlah menipu baik dirinya sendiri dan juga orang lain, dengan mengajarkan bahwa mereka tidak akan menerima hukuman; sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Paulus_dari_Tarsus" title="Paulus dari Tarsus">sang rasul</a> mengatakan: 'Penghakiman atas satu pelanggaran itu telah mengakibatkan penghukuman' (<a href="/wiki/Roma_5" title="Roma 5">Roma 5</a>:16), dan juga sedikit yang berikutnya: 'Oleh satu pelanggaran semua orang beroleh penghukuman' (Roma 5:18)."<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konsili" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsili">Konsili</a> para <a href="/wiki/Uskup" title="Uskup">uskup</a> Afrika Utara, termasuk Agustinus dari Hippo, yang diadakan di <a href="/wiki/Kartago" title="Kartago">Kartago</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/418" title="418">418</a> tidak mengesahkan secara eksplisit semua aspek dari pandangan tegas Agustinus mengenai nasib para bayi yang meninggal tanpa dibaptis, tetapi dikatakan dalam suatu bagian dari satu kanon (tidak ditemukan pada semua naskah) bahwa tidaklah ada "tempat kediaman bahagia di tengah-tengah atau lainnya bagi anak-anak yang telah meninggalkan kehidupan ini tanpa Pembaptisan, yang mana tanpanya mereka tidak dapat masuk dalam kerajaan surga, yaitu kehidupan <a href="/wiki/Abadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abadi">abadi</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengaruh Agustinus yang besar di dunia Barat, bagaimanapun, membuat beberapa Bapa Gereja <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Latin" title="Gereja Latin">Latin</a> dari abad ke-5 dan 6 (seperti St. <a href="/wiki/Hieronimus" title="Hieronimus">Hieronimus</a> dan St. <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorius Agung">Gregorius Agung</a>) mengadopsi opininya.<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teolog_abad_pertengahan">Teolog abad pertengahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Teolog abad pertengahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Teolog abad pertengahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada abad pertengahan, beberapa teolog masih menggunakan pandangan St Agustinus. Kemudian pada abad ke-12, <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Abelardus" title="Petrus Abelardus">Petrus Abelardus</a> mengatakan bahwa para bayi ini tidak mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siksa_dosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siksa dosa (halaman belum tersedia)">siksaan</a> fisik atau hukuman positif, hanya siksaan karena tidak dapat mengalami "tatap muka" langsung dengan Allah (<a href="/wiki/Visiun_beatifika" class="mw-redirect" title="Visiun beatifika">visiun beatifika</a>). Dalam perkembangan doktrin pada abad pertengahan, kehilangan visiun beatifika (<i>poena damni</i>) dianggap sebagai hukuman atas dosa asal, sedangkan "siksaan neraka abadi" merupakan hukuman atas <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(Kristen)#Dosa_berat" title="Dosa (Kristen)">dosa berat</a> yang benar-benar dilakukan. Yang lain lagi berpendapat bahwa bayi yang tidak dibaptis tidak mengalami siksaan sama sekali: tiada kesadaran akan hilangnya visiun beatifika, mereka menikmati suatu keadaan kebahagiaan yang alamiah atau natural, bukan <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a>. Istilah "Limbo para Bayi" terbentuk sekitar abad ke-12 dan 13 untuk menamakan "tempat peristirahatan" para bayi.<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jika surga adalah suatu keadaan kebahagiaan supernatural (adikodrati) dan persatuan dengan Tuhan, dan neraka dipahami sebagai suatu keadaan penyiksaan dan keterpisahan dari Tuhan maka — menurut pandangan ini — Limbo para Bayi, meski secara teknis merupakan bagian dari neraka (bagian terluar, "limbo" berarti tepi luar atau pinggir) dianggap semacam keadaan di antara keduanya. Pertanyaan mengenai Limbo tidak termasuk bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa Theologica">Summa Theologica</a> yang ditulis oleh St. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> sendiri, tetapi dibahas dalam Lampiran I dari Suplemen bagian III yang ditambahkan setelah kematiannya oleh <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Fra</a> Rainaldo da Piperino, yaitu teman dan pendampingnya, dan kemungkinan diambil dari komentar St. Thomas atas <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentences (halaman belum tersedia)">Sentences</a></i> Buku IV karya <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Lombardus" title="Petrus Lombardus">Petrus Lombardus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada bagian tersebut, Limbo para Bayi digambarkan sebagai suatu keadaan sukacita alami yang abadi, tanpa merasa kehilangan akan betapa besarnya sukacita yang seharusnya mereka rasakan seandainya mereka dibaptis. Dalam penjelasan itu dikaitkan juga dengan perbedaan antara mereka yang diberi kesempatan untuk menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Kehendak_bebas" title="Kehendak bebas">kehendak bebasnya</a> dan mereka yang tidak memiliki kesempatan itu (termasuk para bayi).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebahagiaan alamiah yang dialami pada keadaan ini terdiri dalam pandangan akan Allah melalui perantaraan ciptaan-ciptaan-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Komisi_Teologi_Internasional" title="Komisi Teologi Internasional">Komisi Teologi Internasional</a> dalam dokumennya menjelaskan bahwa karena anak-anak di bawah umur, yang belum dapat menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Akal" title="Akal">akal</a> budinya, tidak melakukan <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(Kristen)" title="Dosa (Kristen)">dosa</a> pribadi atau dosa yang sebenarnya, para teolog (seperti St. Thomas Aquinas dan <a href="/wiki/Beato" class="mw-redirect" title="Beato">Beato</a> <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a>) sampai pada pandangan umum bahwa anak-anak yang belum dibaptis itu tidak merasakan sakit sama sekali atau bahkan mereka menikmati suatu kebahagian sepenuhnya melalui persatuan mereka dengan Allah dalam segala ciptaan alamiah.<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perkembangan_selanjutnya">Perkembangan selanjutnya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangan selanjutnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perkembangan selanjutnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Konsili_Ekumenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsili Ekumenis">Konsili Ekumenis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsili Florence">Florence</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1442" title="1442">1442</a> berbicara mengenai pentingnya baptisan bahkan untuk anak-anak dan perlunya mereka dibaptis sesegera mungkin setelah lahir.<sup id="cite_ref-florence_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-florence-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini sebelumnya telah ditegaskan juga pada konsili lokal di <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Kartago" title="Konsili Kartago">Kartago</a> pada tahun <a href="/wiki/417" title="417">417</a>. Konsili Florence juga menyatakan bahwa mereka yang meninggal akibat dosa asal saja masuk dalam 'neraka', tetapi dengan penderitaan yang tidak sama dengan mereka yang benar-benar melakukan dosa berat.<sup id="cite_ref-florence_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-florence-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penentangan <a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">John Wycliffe</a> atas perlunya baptisan bayi dikutuk oleh konsili ekumenis lainnya, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Konstanz" title="Konsili Konstanz">Konsili Konstanz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Trente" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsili Trente">Konsili Trente</a> tahun <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a> menyatakan secara ekslipisit bahwa baptisan (ataupun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baptisan_keinginan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baptisan keinginan (halaman belum tersedia)">baptisan keinginan</a>) adalah sarana dimana seseorang dialihkan dari keadaan dimana ia telah dilahirkan sebagai anak <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, ke dalam keadaan rahmat melalui Adam kedua, yakni <a href="/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus Kristus">Yesus Kristus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sepanjang abad ke-18 dan 19, berbagai teolog (Bianchi pada 1768, H. Klee pada 1835, Caron pada 1855, H. Schell pada 1893) terus melanjutkan usaha untuk merumuskan teori mengenai bagaimana anak-anak yang meninggal tanpa dibaptis mungkin masih bisa diselamatkan. Pada tahun 1952 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Ott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Ott (halaman belum tersedia)">Ludwig Ott</a>, seorang teolog yang tulisannya telah digunakan secara luas dan cukup dihormati, mengajarkan secara terbuka mengenai kemungkinan bahwa anak-anak yang meninggal tanpa dibaptis mungkin diselamatkan dan masuk surga. Ia juga mengutip pandangan <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">Kardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Thomas Cajetan</a>, seorang teolog abad ke-16, bahwa anak tersebut mungkin terselamatkan melalui keinginan ibunya untuk membaptisnya atau melalui <a href="/wiki/Doa" title="Doa">doa</a> <a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">Gereja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam panduan <i>Pastoralis Actio</i> yang dikeluarkan pada 20 Oktober 1980, <a href="/wiki/Kongregasi_bagi_Doktrin_Iman" title="Kongregasi bagi Doktrin Iman">Kongregasi bagi Doktrin Iman</a> menyatakan bahwa "berkenaan dengan anak-anak yang meninggal tanpa dibaptis, Gereja hanya dapat mempercayakan mereka pada kerahiman Tuhan, sebagaimana yang dilakukan Gereja dalam <a href="/wiki/Ritus" title="Ritus">ritus</a> pemakaman yang disediakan bagi mereka",<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="reference plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap"><sup>:13</sup></span> dan membiarkan semua teori yang ada, termasuk "Limbo", sebagai kemungkinan yang layak. </p><p>Ajaran Gereja Katolik diungkapkan pada tahun 1992 melalui <a href="/wiki/Katekismus_Gereja_Katolik" title="Katekismus Gereja Katolik">Katekismus Gereja Katolik</a> (KGK) #1257-1260 bahwa "Pembaptisan adalah perlu demi keselamatan mereka, kepada siapa <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a> telah diwartakan dan yang memiliki kemungkinan untuk memohon <a href="/wiki/Sakramen_(Katolik)" title="Sakramen (Katolik)">sakramen</a> ini". Selanjutnya dikatakan: "Allah telah mengikatkan keselamatan pada Sakramen Baptisan, tetapi Ia sendiri tidaklah terikat pada sakramen-sakramen-Nya". Hal ini mengingatkan bahwa, terlepas dari sakramen tersebut, "baptisan darah" (seperti dalam kasus para <a href="/wiki/Martir" title="Martir">martir</a>) dan "baptisan kerinduan" (dalam kasus para <a href="/wiki/Katekumen" title="Katekumen">katekumen</a> yang meninggal sebelum dibaptis) bersama-sama dengan pertobatan dan kasih, memastikan keselamatan. Dinyatakan juga bahwa karena Kristus telah mati untuk semua orang dan semuanya dipanggil pada tujuan ilahi yang sama, "setiap orang yang tidak mengenal Injil Kristus dan Gereja-Nya, tapi mencari kebenaran dan melakukan kehendak Allah sesuai dengan pemahamannya, dapat diselamatkan", sehingga diandaikan bahwa jika orang-orang tersebut mengetahui perlunya pembaptisan, mereka tentu akan menginginkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-p2s2c1a1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2s2c1a1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lalu KGK #1261 menyatakan: "Mengenai anak-anak yang meninggal tanpa Baptisan, Gereja hanya dapat mempercayakan mereka pada belas kasihan Allah, seperti yang dilakukan Gereja dalam ritus pemakaman bagi mereka. Belas kasih Allah yang amat besar yang menghendaki semua orang terselamatkan, dan kelembutan hati Yesus pada anak-anak yang menyebabkan-Nya berkata: 'Biarkan anak-anak itu datang kepada-Ku, jangan menghalang-halangi mereka' (<a href="/wiki/Markus_10" title="Markus 10">Markus 10</a>:14), memungkinkan kita untuk berharap bahwa ada suatu jalan keselamatan bagi anak-anak yang meninggal tanpa Pembaptisan."<sup id="cite_ref-p2s2c1a1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2s2c1a1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tanggal 20 April 2007 <a href="/wiki/Komisi_Teologi_Internasional" title="Komisi Teologi Internasional">Komisi Teologi Internasional</a> menerbitkan suatu dokumen yang pada awalnya disusun atas permintaan <a href="/wiki/Paus_(Katolik_Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus (Katolik Roma)">Paus</a> <a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Paulus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohanes Paulus II">Yohanes Paulus II</a>, dan telah memperoleh persetujuan untuk diterbitkan oleh Paus <a href="/wiki/Benediktus_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benediktus XVI">Benediktus XVI</a> pada 19 Februari 2007, dengan judul "Harapan atas Keselamatan bagi Bayi-bayi yang Meninggal tanpa Dibaptis".<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah menelusuri sejarah dari berbagai pendapat yang ada perihal nasib para bayi yang tidak dibaptis dalam kehidupan <a href="/wiki/Abadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abadi">abadi</a>, termasuk yang berhubungan dengan teori Limbo para Bayi dan kajian berbagai argumen teologis, dokumen tersebut menyimpulkan:<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"Kesimpulan kami adalah banyak faktor yang telah kami bahas di atas memberikan dasar teologis dan liturgis yang serius bagi harapan bahwa bayi-bayi tak terbaptis yang meninggal akan diselamatkan dan menikmati visiun beatifika. Kami menekankan bahwa ada alasan-alasan untuk berpengharapan dalam doa, daripada mendasarkan pada kepastian pengetahuan. Ada banyak hal yang sama sekali belum terungkap bagi kita (<a href="/wiki/Yohanes_16" title="Yohanes 16">Yohanes 16</a>:12). Kita hidup dengan iman dan pengharapan dalam Allah yang penuh kerahiman dan cinta yang telah terungkap bagi kita dalam Kristus, dan Roh menggerakkan kita untuk berdoa dalam sukacita dan rasa syukur senantiasa (<a href="/wiki/1_Tesalonika_5" title="1 Tesalonika 5">1 Tesalonika 5</a>:18)."</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>"Apa yang telah diungkapkan kepada kita adalah bahwa cara normal untuk meraih keselamatan yakni melalui Sakramen Pembaptisan. Seharusnya tidak ada satu pun dari berbagai pertimbangan di atas yang diambil sebagai penilaian akan perlunya baptisan atau membenarkan penundaan penerimaan sakramen tersebut. Sebaliknya, sebagaimana kami ingin tegaskan kembali dalam kesimpulan, mereka memberikan dasar-dasar kuat bagi harapan bahwa Allah akan menyelamatkan bayi-bayi pada saat dimana kita belum dapat melakukan bagi mereka apa yang kita ingin lakukan, yaitu membaptis bayi-bayi itu dalam iman dan kehidupan Gereja."</p></blockquote> <p>Berita di media cetak bahwa melalui dokumen tersebut "Paus menutup Limbo"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tidaklah berdasar. Pada kenyataannya, pada awal pembukaan paragraf kedua dokumen tersebut dinyatakan secara eksplisit bahwa "Teori <i>limbo</i>, dipahami sebagai suatu keadaan yang meliputi jiwa-jiwa para bayi yang meninggal karena dosa asal dan tanpa baptisan, dan yang oleh karenanya tidak menikmati visiun beatifika dan tidak dikenakan hukuman apapun, karena mereka tidak bersalah atas dosa pribadi apapun. Teori ini, yang diuraikan oleh para teolog pada awal abad pertengahan, tidak pernah dimasukkan dalam pernyataan <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogmatis</a> <a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">Magisterium</a>. Namun Magisterium yang sama berkali-kali menyebutkan teori tersebut dalam pengajaran umum sampai dengan <a href="/wiki/Konsili_Vatikan_II" title="Konsili Vatikan II">Konsili Vatikan II</a>. Oleh sebab itu teori ini tetap merupakan sebuah hipotesis teologis yang memungkinkan."; dan dalam paragraf 41 diulang kembali bahwa teori Limbo "tetap sebuah opini teologis yang memungkinkan".<sup id="cite_ref-ITC_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dokumen tersebut dengan demikian memungkinkan hipotesis "Limbo para Bayi" dipertahankan sebagai salah satu teori yang ada mengenai nasib anak-anak yang meninggal tanpa dibaptis, sebuah pertanyaan yang mana "tidak ada jawaban eksplisit" dari <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitab Suci">Kitab Suci</a> ataupun <a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Suci" title="Tradisi Suci">Tradisi Suci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNS_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firdaus_(Surga)" title="Firdaus (Surga)">Firdaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades_dalam_Kekristenan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hades dalam Kekristenan">Hades dalam Kekristenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keadaan_antara" title="Keadaan antara">Keadaan antara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkuan_Abraham" title="Pangkuan Abraham">Pangkuan Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">Sheol</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imamuseum.org/collections/artwork/christ-limbo-bosch-hieronymus"><i>Christ in Limbo</i></a>, Indianapolis Museum of Art</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+in+Limbo&rft.pub=Indianapolis+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imamuseum.org%2Fcollections%2Fartwork%2Fchrist-limbo-bosch-hieronymus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFSt._Thomas_Aquinas" class="citation">St. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, "Question 52. Christ's descent into hell", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/summa/4052.htm"><i>Summa Theologica</i></a>, Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province (edisi ke-1920, Second and Revised Edition), New Advent</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Question+52.+Christ%27s+descent+into+hell&rft.btitle=Summa+Theologica&rft.edition=1920%2C+Second+and+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=New+Advent&rft.au=St.+Thomas+Aquinas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F4052.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation">"Paragraph 1. Christ Descended into Hell", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1R.HTM"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i></a>, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Paragraph+1.+Christ+Descended+into+Hell&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P1R.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFBishop_Hilarion_Alfeyev" class="citation">Bishop Hilarion Alfeyev, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxeurope.org/page/11/1/5.aspx"><i>Christ the Conqueror of Hell - The Descent of Christ into Hades in Eastern and Western Theological Traditions</i></a>, Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+the+Conqueror+of+Hell+-+The+Descent+of+Christ+into+Hades+in+Eastern+and+Western+Theological+Traditions&rft.pub=Department+for+External+Church+Relations+of+the+Moscow+Patriarchate&rft.au=Bishop+Hilarion+Alfeyev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forthodoxeurope.org%2Fpage%2F11%2F1%2F5.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFClement_of_Alexandria" class="citation">Clement of Alexandria, "The Stromata, or Miscellanies", dalam Peter Kirby, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book6.html"><i>Historical Jesus Theories</i></a>, Early Christian Writings</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Stromata%2C+or+Miscellanies&rft.btitle=Historical+Jesus+Theories&rft.pub=Early+Christian+Writings&rft.au=Clement+of+Alexandria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fclement-stromata-book6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ITC_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFInternational_Theological_Commission" class="citation">International Theological Commission, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cti_documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070419_un-baptised-infants_en.html"><i>The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptised</i></a>, Holy See</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hope+of+Salvation+for+Infants+Who+Die+Without+Being+Baptised&rft.pub=Holy+See&rft.au=International+Theological+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fcongregations%2Fcfaith%2Fcti_documents%2Frc_con_cfaith_doc_20070419_un-baptised-infants_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation">"VI. The Necessity of Baptism", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P3M.HTM"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i></a>, Libreria Editrice Vaticana</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VI.+The+Necessity+of+Baptism&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P3M.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFSt._Augustine" class="citation">St. Augustine, "On Merit and the Forgiveness of Sins, and the Baptism of Infants (Book I)", dalam Philip Schaff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/15011.htm"><i>Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Vol. 5</i></a>, Translated by Peter Holmes and Robert Ernest Wallis, and revised by Benjamin B. Warfield (edisi ke-1887), Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co. (retrieved from New Advent)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Merit+and+the+Forgiveness+of+Sins%2C+and+the+Baptism+of+Infants+%28Book+I%29&rft.btitle=Nicene+and+Post-Nicene+Fathers%2C+First+Series%2C+Vol.+5&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.edition=1887&rft.pub=Christian+Literature+Publishing+Co.+%28retrieved+from+New+Advent%29&rft.au=St.+Augustine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F15011.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Schaff_and_Henry_Wace" class="citation">Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (ed.), "Council of Carthage (A.D. 419)", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3816.htm"><i>Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 14</i></a>, Translated by Henry Percival (edisi ke-1900), Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co. (retrieved from New Advent)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Council+of+Carthage+%28A.D.+419%29&rft.btitle=Nicene+and+Post-Nicene+Fathers%2C+Second+Series%2C+Vol.+14&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.edition=1900&rft.pub=Christian+Literature+Publishing+Co.+%28retrieved+from+New+Advent%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F3816.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation">"Supplement to the Third Part (Supplementum Tertiæ Partis)", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/summa/5.htm"><i>The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas</i></a>, Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province (edisi ke-1920, Second and Revised Edition), New Advent (Online Edition)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Supplement+to+the+Third+Part+%28Supplementum+Terti%C3%A6+Partis%29&rft.btitle=The+Summa+Theologica+of+St.+Thomas+Aquinas&rft.edition=1920%2C+Second+and+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=New+Advent+%28Online+Edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation">"Question 1. The Quality of Those Souls Who Depart This Life With Original Sin Only", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/summa/6001.htm"><i>The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas - Supplement (Appendix I)</i></a>, Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province (edisi ke-1920, Second and Revised Edition), New Advent (Online Edition)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Question+1.+The+Quality+of+Those+Souls+Who+Depart+This+Life+With+Original+Sin+Only&rft.btitle=The+Summa+Theologica+of+St.+Thomas+Aquinas+-+Supplement+%28Appendix+I%29&rft.edition=1920%2C+Second+and+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=New+Advent+%28Online+Edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fsumma%2F6001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Feingold2010" class="citation">Lawrence Feingold (2010), <i>The Natural Desire to See God According to St. Thomas and His Interpreters</i> (edisi ke-2nd), Sapientia Press of Ave Maria University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Natural+Desire+to+See+God+According+to+St.+Thomas+and+His+Interpreters&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Sapientia+Press+of+Ave+Maria+University&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Lawrence+Feingold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-florence-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-florence_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-florence_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_P._Tanner" class="citation">Norman P. Tanner (ed.), "Session 11—4 February 1442", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090425150516/http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM#5"><i>Ecumenical Council of Florence (1438-1445)</i></a>, Introduction and translation taken from Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Eternal Word Television Network, diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM#5">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-06-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Session+11%E2%80%944+February+1442&rft.btitle=Ecumenical+Council+of+Florence+%281438-1445%29&rft.pub=Eternal+Word+Television+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FCOUNCILS%2FFLORENCE.HTM%235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Session 15, 6 July 1415</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct06.html"><i>The Council of Trent - The Sixth Session</i></a>, Trans. J. Waterworth (edisi ke-1848), London: Dolman (retrieved from Hanover College)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Council+of+Trent+-+The+Sixth+Session&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1848&rft.pub=Dolman+%28retrieved+from+Hanover+College%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.hanover.edu%2Ftexts%2Ftrent%2Fct06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denzinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denzinger (halaman belum tersedia)">Denzinger</a> 712." Ludwig Ott, <i>Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma</i>, Book 2, Section 2, § 25 (p. 114 of the 1963 edition)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFCongregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith1980" class="citation">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (October 20, 1980), "The Church's Mission", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?id=7521#1c"><i>Pastoralis Actio</i></a>, CatholicCulture.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Church%27s+Mission&rft.btitle=Pastoralis+Actio&rft.pub=CatholicCulture.org&rft.date=1980-10-20&rft.au=Congregation+for+the+Doctrine+of+the+Faith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fculture%2Flibrary%2Fview.cfm%3Fid%3D7521%231c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p2s2c1a1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p2s2c1a1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p2s2c1a1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation">"Article 1: The Sacrament of Baptism", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p2s2c1a1.htm"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i></a>, Holy See</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Article+1%3A+The+Sacrament+of+Baptism&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Holy+See&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fccc_css%2Farchive%2Fcatechism%2Fp2s2c1a1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNS_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNS_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFJohn_Thavis2007" class="citation">John Thavis (April 20, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0702216.htm"><i>Vatican commission: Limbo reflects 'restrictive view of salvation'<span></span></i></a>, Catholic News Service / USCCB</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vatican+commission%3A+Limbo+reflects+%27restrictive+view+of+salvation%27&rft.pub=Catholic+News+Service+%2F+USCCB&rft.date=2007-04-20&rft.au=John+Thavis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnews.com%2Fdata%2Fstories%2Fcns%2F0702216.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite id="CITEREFIan_Fisher2007" class="citation">Ian Fisher (April 21, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/21/world/europe/21briefs-limbo.html"><i>Vatican City: Pope Closes Limbo</i></a>, The New York Times</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vatican+City%3A+Pope+Closes+Limbo&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2007-04-21&rft.au=Ian+Fisher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F21%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F21briefs-limbo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbo&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Limbo_(afterlife)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Limbo (afterlife)"><span style="">Limbo (afterlife)</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limbo" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:limbo">limbo</a></b></i> atau <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:limbo" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:en:limbo">en:limbo</a></b></i> di kamus bebas Wiktionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Limbo" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Limbo">Limbo</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Limbo&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALimbo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cti_documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070419_un-baptised-infants_en.html"><i>The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized</i></a> (document of the International Theological Commission)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romancatholicism.org/jansenism/limbo-pelagianism.htm"><i>Unbaptized Infants Suffer Fire and Limbo is a Heretical Pelagian Fable</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060806095620/http://www.romancatholicism.org/jansenism/limbo-pelagianism.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-08-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (a Traditionalist Catholic sedevacantist perspective)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="/wiki/Templat:Neraka" title="Templat:Neraka"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Neraka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Neraka (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Neraka&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dunia_bawah_·_Neraka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dunia_bawah" title="Dunia bawah">Dunia bawah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Neraka" title="Neraka">Neraka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Six_Realms,_Hell,_from_%27Five_Hundred_Arhats%27_by_Kano_Kazunobu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agama_Mesir_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Mesir Kuno">Mesir Kuno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg/140px-The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg/210px-The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg/280px-The_Hell_and_the_Flood_P1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amerika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Aztek" title="Mitologi Aztek">Aztek</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mictl%C4%81n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mictlān (halaman belum tersedia)">Mictlān</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Inuit" title="Mitologi Inuit">Inuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlivun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlivun (halaman belum tersedia)">Adlivun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Maya" title="Mitologi Maya">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xibalba" title="Xibalba">Xibalba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandeanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandeanisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Mandeanisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alam_Kegelapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alam Kegelapan (halaman belum tersedia)">Alam Kegelapan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yomi" title="Yomi">Yomi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Tiongkok" title="Mitologi Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diyu" title="Diyu">Diyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerbang_Hantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerbang Hantu (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerbang Hantu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Youdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Youdu (halaman belum tersedia)">Youdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologi_Turk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitologi Turk (halaman belum tersedia)">Turk</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tengrisme" title="Tengrisme">Tengrisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamag (halaman belum tersedia)">Tamag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamistagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamistagan (halaman belum tersedia)">Hamistagan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agama_darmik" title="Agama darmik">Darmik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha">Buddha</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bardo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bardo (halaman belum tersedia)">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naraka (Buddha)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naraka" title="Naraka">Naraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patala" title="Patala">Patala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainisme" title="Jainisme">Jainisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naraka_(Jainisme)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naraka (Jainisme) (halaman belum tersedia)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agama_samawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama samawi">Samawi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadon" title="Abadon">Abadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkuan_Abraham" title="Pangkuan Abraham">Pangkuan Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudael" title="Dudael">Dudael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">Sheol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehom (halaman belum tersedia)">Tehom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzoah_Rotachat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzoah Rotachat (halaman belum tersedia)">Tzoah Rotachat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Hades" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kegelapan_luar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kegelapan luar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kegelapan luar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautan_api" title="Lautan api">Lautan api</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neraka_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Neraka dalam Kekristenan">Neraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorium" title="Purgatorium">Purgatorium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barzakh" title="Barzakh">Barzakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sijjin" title="Sijjin">Sijjin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eropa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Nordik" title="Mitologi Nordik">Paganisme Nordik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paganisme_Jermanik" title="Paganisme Jermanik">Jermanik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hel" title="Hel">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Náströnd (halaman belum tersedia)">Náströnd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niflheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niflheim (halaman belum tersedia)">Niflheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niflhel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niflhel (halaman belum tersedia)">Niflhel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Yunani" title="Mitologi Yunani">Yunani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Romawi" title="Mitologi Romawi">Romawi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padang_Asphodel" title="Padang Asphodel">Padang Asphodel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">Elision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebos" title="Erebos">Erebos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Keberkahan" title="Pulau Keberkahan">Pulau Keberkahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkus" title="Orkus">Orkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartaros" title="Tartaros">Tartaros</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologi_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitologi Wales (halaman belum tersedia)">Mitologi Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annwn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annwn (halaman belum tersedia)">Annwn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oseania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologi_Maori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitologi Maori (halaman belum tersedia)">Maori</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranga-o-te-r%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranga-o-te-rā (halaman belum tersedia)">Uranga-o-te-rā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologi_Polinesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitologi Polinesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polinesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avaiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avaiki (halaman belum tersedia)">Avaiki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulotu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulotu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulotu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270710#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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