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1980s–1990s: Autistic-run organizations, newsletters, and conferences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s–1990s:_Autistic-run_organizations,_newsletters,_and_conferences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s–2010s:_The_rise_of_self-advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s–2010s:_The_rise_of_self-advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 2000s–2010s: The rise of self-advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s–2010s:_The_rise_of_self-advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2020–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurodiversity_and_autistic_self-advocacy_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurodiversity_and_autistic_self-advocacy_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Neurodiversity and autistic self-advocacy movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurodiversity_and_autistic_self-advocacy_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Perspectives </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perspectives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Perspectives subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Autism_diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Autism diagnosis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rejection_of_functioning_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rejection_of_functioning_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Rejection of functioning labels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rejection_of_functioning_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_cure_and_prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_cure_and_prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Opposition to cure and prevention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_cure_and_prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autistic_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autistic_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Autistic culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autistic_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self_advocacy_and_inclusion_in_decision-making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self_advocacy_and_inclusion_in_decision-making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Self advocacy and inclusion in decision-making </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self_advocacy_and_inclusion_in_decision-making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autism_interventions_and_therapies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_interventions_and_therapies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Autism interventions and therapies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_interventions_and_therapies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_Autism_Speaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_Autism_Speaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Criticism of Autism Speaks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_Autism_Speaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autism_rights_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_rights_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Autism rights groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_rights_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_and_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_and_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Events and activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_and_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Terminology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autistic_pride" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autistic_pride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Autistic pride </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autistic_pride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autistic_culture_and_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autistic_culture_and_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Autistic culture and community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autistic_culture_and_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notable events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_Autism_Awareness_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Autism_Awareness_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 World Autism Awareness Day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Autism_Awareness_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autism_Sunday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_Sunday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Autism Sunday </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_Sunday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autism_Awareness_Year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_Awareness_Year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Autism Awareness Year </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_Awareness_Year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autistic_Pride_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autistic_Pride_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Autistic Pride Day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autistic_Pride_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autistics_Speaking_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autistics_Speaking_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Autistics Speaking Day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autistics_Speaking_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autism_Acceptance_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_Acceptance_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Autism Acceptance Project </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_Acceptance_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autism_Acceptance_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autism_Acceptance_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Autism Acceptance Day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autism_Acceptance_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autreat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autreat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 Autreat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autreat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Media portrayals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" > 17 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="حركة حقوق التوحد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة حقوق التوحد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="অটিজম অধিকার আন্দোলন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অটিজম অধিকার আন্দোলন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_pels_drets_dels_autistes" title="Moviment pels drets dels autistes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moviment pels drets dels autistes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="جنبش حقوق اوتیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش حقوق اوتیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_pour_les_droits_des_personnes_autistes" title="Mouvement pour les droits des personnes autistes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement pour les droits des personnes autistes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%8F%90_%EA%B6%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="자폐 권리 운동 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자폐 권리 운동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_hak_autisme" title="Gerakan hak autisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan hak autisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_per_i_diritti_delle_persone_autistiche" title="Movimento per i diritti delle persone autistiche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Movimento per i diritti delle persone autistiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/klutiksi%27o_pe_le_sezga%27o" title="klutiksi'o pe le sezga'o – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="klutiksi'o pe le sezga'o" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autismebeweging" title="Autismebeweging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Autismebeweging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E9%96%89%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%A9%E5%88%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="自閉者の権利運動 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自閉者の権利運動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_de_direitos_dos_autistas" title="Movimento de direitos dos autistas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento de direitos dos autistas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimentu_pro_sos_derettos_de_sos_autisticos" title="Movimentu pro sos derettos de sos autisticos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Movimentu pro sos derettos de sos autisticos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_rights_movement" title="Autism rights movement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Autism rights movement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autistien_oikeuksien_liike" title="Autistien oikeuksien liike – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Autistien oikeuksien liike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Рух за права людей з аутизмом – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рух за права людей з аутизмом" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E9%96%89%E7%97%87%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="自閉症權利運動 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自閉症權利運動" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2920250#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Autism_rights_movement" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="display:block;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity paradigm</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png/150px-Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png/225px-Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png/300px-Pastel_Neurodiversity_Symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="841" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autism rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodily_integrity" title="Bodily integrity">Bodily autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">Disability rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_living" title="Independent living">Independent living movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-advocacy" title="Self-advocacy">Self-advocacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspies_For_Freedom" title="Aspies For Freedom">Aspies For Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Network_International" title="Autism Network International">Autism Network International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network" title="Autistic Self Advocacy Network">Autistic Self Advocacy Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Autistic_Society" title="National Autistic Society">National Autistic Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Autism Acceptance Day & Month</li> <li>Autism History Month</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_Pride_Day" title="Autistic Pride Day">Autistic Pride Day</a></li> <li>Autscape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Day_of_Mourning" title="Disability Day of Mourning">Disability Day of Mourning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity_Celebration_Week" title="Neurodiversity Celebration Week">Neurodiversity Celebration Week</a></li> <li>Weird Pride Day</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Ableism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_in_a_Row_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="All in a Row (play)">All in a Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmentative_and_alternative_communication" title="Augmentative and alternative communication">Augmentative and alternative communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism-friendly" title="Autism-friendly">Autism-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Speaks" title="Autism Speaks">Autism Speaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Shutdown" title="Communication Shutdown">Communication Shutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_integration" title="Community integration">Community integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_in_autism" title="Controversies in autism">Controversies in autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinstitutionalisation" title="Deinstitutionalisation">Deinstitutionalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability-selective_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability-selective abortion">Disability-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_empathy_problem" title="Double empathy problem">Double empathy problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_of_autistic_people" title="Employment of autistic people">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_challenges_to_autism_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethical challenges to autism treatment">Ethical challenges to autism treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicide" title="Filicide">Filicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusion_(education)" title="Inclusion (education)">Inclusion in education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusion_(disability_rights)" title="Inclusion (disability rights)">Inclusion as a right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Rotenberg_Center" title="Judge Rotenberg Center">Judge Rotenberg Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity_and_labor_rights" title="Neurodiversity and labor rights">Neurodiversity and labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_and_cultural_aspects_of_autism" title="Societal and cultural aspects of autism">Societal and cultural aspects of autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Design_for_Learning" title="Universal Design for Learning">Universal Design for Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_autism" title="Violence and autism">Violence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Plank" title="Alex Plank">Alex Plank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Ne%27eman" title="Ari Ne'eman">Ari Ne'eman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Milton" title="Damian Milton">Damian Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lightwing" title="Daniel Lightwing">Daniel Lightwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Price" title="Devon Price">Devon Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Williams" title="Donna Williams">Donna Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govy" title="Govy">govy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sinclair_(activist)" title="Jim Sinclair (activist)">Jim Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elder_Robison" title="John Elder Robison">John Elder Robison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Schovanec" title="Josef Schovanec">Josef Schovanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Singer" title="Judy Singer">Judy Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Bascom" title="Julia Bascom">Julia Bascom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_X._Z._Brown" title="Lydia X. Z. Brown">Lydia Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Baggs" title="Mel Baggs">Mel Baggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dawson" title="Michelle Dawson">Michelle Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A9nike_Giwa_Onaiwu" title="Morénike Giwa Onaiwu">Morénike Giwa Onaiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Ann_Gernsbacher" title="Morton Ann Gernsbacher">Morton Ann Gernsbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Walker_(scholar)" title="Nick Walker (scholar)">Nick Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Chapman_(philosopher)" title="Robert Chapman (philosopher)">Robert Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Richard_Grinker" title="Roy Richard Grinker">Roy Richard Grinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shain_Neumeier" title="Shain Neumeier">Shain Neumeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Shore_(professor)" title="Stephen Shore (professor)">Stephen Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Silberman" title="Steve Silberman">Steve Silberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Davenport_(filmmaker)" title="William Davenport (filmmaker)">William Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Remi_Yergeau" title="M. Remi Yergeau">M. Remi Yergeau</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Films</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;font-style:italic;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Autistic" title="Citizen Autistic">Citizen Autistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deej" title="Deej">Deej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_Lampposts" title="Loving Lampposts">Loving Lampposts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotypical_(film)" title="Neurotypical (film)">Neurotypical</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Criticism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_in_autism#Pathology_paradigm" title="Controversies in autism">Pro-cure perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_on_Severe_Autism" title="National Council on Severe Autism">National Council on Severe Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Belmonte" title="Matthew Belmonte">Matthew Belmonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Casanova" title="Manuel Casanova">Manuel Casanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Escher" title="Jill Escher">Jill Escher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fitzpatrick_(physician)" title="Michael Fitzpatrick (physician)">Michael Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hall_(photographer)" title="Bruce Hall (photographer)">Bruce Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miedzianik" title="David Miedzianik">David Miedzianik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mitchell_(writer)" title="Jonathan Mitchell (writer)">Jonathan Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alysson_Muotri" title="Alysson Muotri">Alysson Muotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Shestack" title="Jonathan Shestack">Jonathan Shestack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Singer" title="Alison Singer">Alison Singer</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autism_rights_movement" title="Template:Autism rights movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autism_rights_movement" title="Template talk:Autism rights movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autism_rights_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autism rights movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Autism acceptance symbol; an infinity symbol that is rainbow colored." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg/220px-Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg/330px-Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg/440px-Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>The rainbow-colored <a href="/wiki/Infinity_symbol" title="Infinity symbol">infinity symbol</a> is a popular symbol among autism rights advocates. The symbol represents the infinite potential and diversity of the autistic community, reflecting the unique strengths and qualities of each autistic individual..<a href="#cite_note-symbol-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> The autism rights movement, also known as the autistic acceptance movement, is a <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a> allied with the <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability rights movement</a>. It emphasizes the <a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity_paradigm" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodiversity paradigm">neurodiversity paradigm</a>, viewing <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a> as a set of naturally occurring variations in <a href="/wiki/Human_cognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Human cognition">human cognition</a>, a disability with both strengths and weaknesses, rather than as a disease to be cured or a medical disorder.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a> This paradigm contradicts and diverges from the <a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">medical model of disability</a>, without opposing all aspects of it.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Central to the autism rights movement's beliefs is the right to self-determine if one is part of the autism community, that autistic people should be seen as the primary voice for autistic people, and that autistic people have the final say in what language should be used when talking about autism. A common motto used by the autism rights movement, borrowed from the disability rights movement, is the phrase "nothing about us without us".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapp2020131-6">[6]</a> Autism rights movement advocates strive for widespread acceptance of people with autism, as well as the traits and behaviors (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Stimming" title="Stimming">stimming</a>, lack of eye contact, and <a href="/wiki/Special_interest_(autism)" title="Special interest (autism)">special interests</a>) associated with autism, for autistic people to socialize on their own terms,<a href="#cite_note-Autreat-7">[7]</a> and to mitigate the <a href="/wiki/Double_empathy_problem" title="Double empathy problem">double empathy problem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The movement seeks to reform, advance, and foster autism-oriented support services, interventions or therapies in accordance with neurodiversity principles to emphasize coping skills for challenging situations,<a href="#cite_note-Bigthink-10">[10]</a> promote adaptive skills, and promote psychological well-being and mental health, through incorporating voices and perspectives of autistic people in intervention reforms, advancements, and developments.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The movement criticizes therapies and interventions that—implicitly or explicitly—encourage <a href="/wiki/Autistic_masking" title="Autistic masking">masking</a> behaviors associated with autism and imitating neurotypical social behaviors,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> as higher tendencies of camouflaging, <a href="/wiki/Autistic_masking" title="Autistic masking">autistic masking</a>, or passing as neurotypical are associated with worse mental health outcomes according to most recent studies and multiple systematic reviews<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and some autistic adults who experienced some forms of behavioral interventions reported adverse effects such as detrimental effects on their mental health due to increased or excessive camouflaging or masking.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The movement also advocates for autistic people to be recognized as a <a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">minority group</a> rather than as having a disorder. Within the autism rights movement, autism is often compared to different variations in human biology not categorized as disorders, such as <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jaarsma20122-25">[25]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s–1990s:_Autistic-run_organizations,_newsletters,_and_conferences">1980s–1990s: Autistic-run organizations, newsletters, and conferences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1980s–1990s: Autistic-run organizations, newsletters, and conferences">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sinclair_(activist)" title="Jim Sinclair (activist)">Jim Sinclair</a> is credited as the first person to communicate the autism rights perspective.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a> In the early 1990s, Sinclair frequently participated in autism conferences led by parent-centric organizations but found them "overwhelmingly hostile from both sensory and emotional standpoints".<a href="#cite_note-Dinh-26">[26]</a> In 1992, Sinclair co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Autism_Network_International" title="Autism Network International">Autism Network International</a> (ANI) with <a href="/wiki/Donna_Williams" title="Donna Williams">Donna Williams</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathy_Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathy Grant (page does not exist)">Kathy Grant</a>, an organization that publishes newsletters "written by and for autistic people." The ANI newsletter, Our Voice, had its first issue distributed online in November 1992 to an audience of primarily neurotypical professionals and parents of young autistic children. The number of autistic people in the organization increased over the years, and ANI eventually became a communication network for like-minded autistic people.<a href="#cite_note-ANIHist-27">[27]</a> Sinclair wrote the essay "Don't Mourn for Us" (1993) in the ANI newsletter (Volume 1, Number 3) with an anti-cure perspective on autism.<a href="#cite_note-2DontMourn-28">[28]</a> Some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">like whom?</a>] have considered the essay a touchstone for the autism rights movement, and it has been mentioned in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Magazine">New York Magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2Solomon-30">[30]</a> ANI established the yearly retreat "<a href="/wiki/Autreat" class="mw-redirect" title="Autreat">Autreat</a>" in 1996. Autreat was a retreat and conference held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> specifically for autistic people<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> and was held every year from 1996 to 2013, except in 2001. The theme of the first conference in 1996 was "Celebrating Autistic Culture", and it had close to 60 participants. It was hosted at Camp Bristol Hills in <a href="/wiki/Canandaigua_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Canandaigua (city), New York">Canandaigua, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ValuablePart-32">[32]</a> The success of Autreat later inspired similar retreats, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Autistic_Community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association for Autistic Community (page does not exist)">Association for Autistic Community</a>'s conference, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autspace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autspace (page does not exist)">Autspace</a>, in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autscape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autscape (page does not exist)">Autscape</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>;<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Projekt_Empowerment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Projekt Empowerment (page does not exist)">Projekt Empowerment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martijn_Dekker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martijn Dekker (page does not exist)">Martijn Dekker</a>, an autistic computer programmer from the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, launched an e-mail list called "Independent Living on the Autism Spectrum", or "InLv", in 1996. The list also welcomed those with similar conditions, such as <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">ADHD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">dyslexia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dyscalculia" title="Dyscalculia">dyscalculia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ValuablePart-32">[32]</a> American writer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Blume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Blume (page does not exist)">Harvey Blume</a> was a member of the list<a href="#cite_note-ValuablePart-32">[32]</a> and described it as embracing "neurological pluralism" in a 1997 article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BlumeNYT-36">[36]</a> Blume discussed the concept of neurological diversity with <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> sociologist <a href="/wiki/Judy_Singer" title="Judy Singer">Judy Singer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The term "<a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">neurodiversity</a>" was first published in Judy Singer's 1998 Honours thesis<a href="#cite_note-OddPeopleIn-38">[38]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger2017[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-39">[39]</a> and in Harvey Blume's 1998 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s–2010s:_The_rise_of_self-advocacy">2000s–2010s: The rise of self-advocacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2000s–2010s: The rise of self-advocacy">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Aspies_For_Freedom" title="Aspies For Freedom">Aspies For Freedom</a> (AFF) was founded in 2004. They established June 18 as <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Pride_Day" title="Autistic Pride Day">Autistic Pride Day</a> starting in 2005. AFF member Joe Mele initiated a protest against the <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_for_Autism_Research" title="National Alliance for Autism Research">National Alliance for Autism Research</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> AFF also initiated protests against <a href="/wiki/Cure_Autism_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Cure Autism Now">Cure Autism Now</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judge_Rotenberg_Center" title="Judge Rotenberg Center">Judge Rotenberg Center</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2004, Canadian autism researcher <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dawson" title="Michelle Dawson">Michelle Dawson</a> challenged <a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">applied behavior analysis</a> (ABA), a common behavioral intervention for people with autism, on ethical grounds. She testified in <a href="/wiki/Auton_(Guardian_ad_litem_of)_v._British_Columbia_(Attorney_General)" class="mw-redirect" title="Auton (Guardian ad litem of) v. British Columbia (Attorney General)">Auton v. British Columbia</a> against the lack of required government funding for ABA.<a href="#cite_note-RogerCollier-41">[41]</a> That same year, The New York Times covered the autism rights perspective by publishing journalist <a href="/wiki/Amy_Harmon" title="Amy Harmon">Amy Harmon</a>'s article, "How About Not Curing Us, Some Autistics Are Pleading".<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> In 2006, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_Acceptance_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autism Acceptance Project (page does not exist)">The Autism Acceptance Project</a> (TAAP) was founded by Estée Klar, the mother of an autistic child, with help from an autistic advisory and board.<a href="#cite_note-taaproject-42">[42]</a> The project is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network" title="Autistic Self Advocacy Network">Autistic Self Advocacy Network</a> (ASAN) and other activist groups in North America. From 2005 to 2007, TAAP organized arts-based events.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> TAAP also sponsored the Joy of Autism: Redefining Ability and Quality of Life events and lectures in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, featuring dozens of autistic artists and speakers such as <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sinclair_(activist)" title="Jim Sinclair (activist)">Jim Sinclair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dawson" title="Michelle Dawson">Michelle Dawson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phil_Schwartz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phil Schwartz (page does not exist)">Phil Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morton_Ann_Gernsbacher" title="Morton Ann Gernsbacher">Morton Ann Gernsbacher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Bissonnette" title="Larry Bissonnette">Larry Bissonnette</a>. In 2007, an ASAN initiative helped halt the New York Child Study Campaign. The advertising campaign launched in 2007 depicted conditions like autism and ADHD as kidnappers holding children for ransom.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The campaign was canceled two weeks after its launch when the center's director had received an estimated 3000 e-mails and phone calls, most of them "expressing anger and hurt".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> ASAN halted another advertising campaign in 2008 where <a href="/wiki/PETA" class="mw-redirect" title="PETA">PETA</a> had implied a link between autism and <a href="/wiki/Gluten-free,_casein-free_diet" title="Gluten-free, casein-free diet">casein</a> in milk.<a href="#cite_note-peta.org-46">[46]</a> Phone calls, letters, and petitions organized by ASAN contributed to the removal of the advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-PETA_Billboard_Removal-47">[47]</a> The internet has provided a space for members of the autism movement to organize and communicate independently without relying on non-autistic people, such as family members, healthcare workers, or events hosted by non-autistic individuals, especially considering the geographical distance and communication and speech patterns of autistic individuals.<a href="#cite_note-ANIHist-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–present">2020–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2020–present">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> caused a drop-off in physical events in the summer of 2020, including <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Pride_Day" title="Autistic Pride Day">autism pride</a> events. Much of autism awareness and campaigning was driven by social media, including the notable growth of <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> and the emergence of autistic advocates like <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Hayden" title="Chloé Hayden">Chloé Hayden</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paige_Layle" title="Paige Layle">Paige Layle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Autism advocacy made progress within the traditional media, making its way into influential business publications such as <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-51">[51]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-52">[52]</a> A comprehensive approach to inclusion in the workplace, the Canary Code, was developed in 2022 by Ludmila Praslova, specifically focusing on autistic talent and other marginalized communities.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neurodiversity_and_autistic_self-advocacy_movement">Neurodiversity and autistic self-advocacy movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Neurodiversity and autistic self-advocacy movement">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></div> Judy Singer coined the term neurodiversity in the late 1990s as a middle ground between the two dominating models of disability, the <a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">medical model</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">social model</a>, dismissing both of them as insufficiently capturing the solution for—and cause of—disability.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinger201710-55">[55]</a> Steve Silberman describes neurodiversity as seeing the virtue of different conditions while taking into consideration that the conditions also convey challenges.<a href="#cite_note-.ca-56">[56]</a> Autistics for Autistics, a self-advocacy group, describes neurodiversity this way: "Neurodiversity means that—like biodiversity—all of us have a role to play in society ...and we should be valued for who we are. Included in public life, such as school and employment. For nonverbal autistics, this also means equal and fair access to communication, such as AAC."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The autistic self-advocacy movement, made up of autistic individuals, works from a social model of disability perspective. For example, the Autistic Self-Advocacy Network describes its mandate as "to advance the principles of the disability rights movement with regard to autism".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Autistic people are considered to have neurocognitive differences<a href="#cite_note-Bloomsbury-59">[59]</a> that give them distinct strengths and weaknesses, and they are capable of succeeding when appropriately accommodated and supported.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Different-60">[60]</a> According to Ludmila Praslova, author of The Canary Code, creating systems that support the <a href="/wiki/Employment_of_autistic_people" title="Employment of autistic people">employment of autistic people</a> and their success through organizational transparency, justice, and flexibility benefits all employees.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-51">[51]</a> There is no leader of the neurodiversity movement, and little academic research has been conducted on it as a social phenomenon. As such, proponents of the neurodiversity approach have heterogeneous beliefs<a href="#cite_note-Bloomsbury-59">[59]</a> but are consistent in the view that autism cannot be separated from an autistic person.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a> The movement opposes therapies that aim to make children "indistinguishable from their peers".<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a> Instead, they advocate for accommodations in schools and work environments<a href="#cite_note-Future-61">[61]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nothing_About_Us_Without_Us" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothing About Us Without Us">including autistic people</a> when making decisions that affect them.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Neurodiversity advocates oppose researching a "cure" for autism, and instead support research that helps autistic people thrive as they are.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a> An analysis of data from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> in 2017 found evidence that autistic or intellectually disabled self-advocates are rarely involved in leadership or decision-making within organisations.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> It also showed that poverty, unpaid positions at disability organisations, and lack of support are significant barriers for most autistic people, including autistic people with an intellectual disability who wish to self-advocate.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perspectives">Perspectives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Perspectives">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autism_diagnosis">Autism diagnosis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Autism diagnosis">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network_symbol.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The seven-colored heptagon of ASAN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network_symbol.gif/160px-Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network_symbol.gif" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network_symbol.gif/240px-Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network_symbol.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/95/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network_symbol.gif 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>The Autistic Self-Advocacy Network (ASAN) uses a seven-colored <a href="/wiki/Heptagon" title="Heptagon">heptagonal</a> symbol to represent both the autistic spectrum and the idea of diversity.<a href="#cite_note-symbol-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> The autism rights movement rejects the classification by <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatrists">psychiatrists</a> of autism as a disorder.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Autistic self-advocates[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] also reject terming the reported increase in autism diagnoses as an "<a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a>" since the word implies autism is a disease and point out that the increase is likely due to an expansion of diagnostic criteria rather than an epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rejection_of_functioning_labels">Rejection of functioning labels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rejection of functioning labels">edit</a>]</div> The autism rights movement rejects the use of the labels "high-functioning" and "low-functioning" when describing different autistic people, arguing that the strengths and struggles of autistic people are on a spectrum and not linear.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_cure_and_prevention">Opposition to cure and prevention</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opposition to cure and prevention">edit</a>]</div> The autism rights movement opposes "curing" autism,<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> criticizing the idea as misguided and dangerous. Instead, autism is viewed as a way of life and advocate acceptance over a search for a cure.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a> The autism rights movement is a part of the larger disability rights movement and acknowledges the <a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">social model of disability</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltz2013[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-69">[69]</a> Within the model, struggles faced by autistic people are viewed as discrimination rather than deficiencies. Autism rights activists are opposed to attempts to eliminate autism genes, and argue that doing so would decrease <a href="/wiki/Human_genetic_variation" title="Human genetic variation">human genetic diversity</a>. In particular, there is opposition to prenatal <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a> of autism in fetuses, which some believe might be possible in the future.<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> On 23 February 2005, Joseph Buxbaum of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_Genome_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autism Genome Project (page does not exist)">Autism Genome Project</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Icahn_School_of_Medicine_at_Mount_Sinai" title="Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai">Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</a> said there could be a prenatal test for autism within 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_autism" title="Causes of autism">genetics of autism</a> have proven to be extremely complex.<a href="#cite_note-Freitag-71">[71]</a> A wider debate on the <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> involved in the possible elimination of a <a href="/wiki/Genotype" title="Genotype">genotype</a> that has advantages as well as disadvantages, has focused on possible negative effects of tampering with <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Some people[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] lament that professionals, such as social workers, may discourage autistic people from having children.<a href="#cite_note-TrivediProud-73">[73]</a> Activists are concerned that the "ultimate cure will be a genetic test to prevent autistic children from being born"<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> and that most fetuses with so-called "autism genes" would be aborted if prenatal tests for autism are developed.<a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a> The anti-cure perspective is the view of <a href="/wiki/Autism_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Autism spectrum">autism</a> as a normal occurrence—an alternate variation in brain wiring or a less common expression of the human genome—rather than a disorder. Advocates of this perspective believe that autism is a unique way of being that should be valued, and efforts to eliminate autism should not be compared to curing cancer but instead to the "efforts of a previous age to cure <a href="/wiki/Left-handedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-handedness">left-handedness</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> Activist <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sinclair_(activist)" title="Jim Sinclair (activist)">Jim Sinclair</a> expresses in his essay "Don't Mourn For Us" that wishing that an autistic person be cured is equivalent to wishing that an entirely different person exists in their place.<a href="#cite_note-DontMourn-74">[74]</a> Canadian autism researcher <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dawson" title="Michelle Dawson">Michelle Dawson</a> writes that "No one has yet calculated the costs to autistics, and to society, of the current widespread autism advocacy effort to create a world where there are no autistic people at all."<a href="#cite_note-burden-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a> comments that if autism were eliminated, society would lose scientists, musicians, and mathematicians; a <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">caveman</a> "with high-functioning Asperger's" might have developed the stone spear.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grandin-76">[76]</a> Most autistic self-advocates agree[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] that autistic people should not be made to act exactly like everyone else but that society should accommodate their disability and that autism services should focus on quality of life rather than <a href="/wiki/Conformity" title="Conformity">conformity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RogerCollier-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autistic_culture">Autistic culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Autistic culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Societal_and_cultural_aspects_of_autism" title="Societal and cultural aspects of autism">Societal and cultural aspects of autism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png/220px-Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png/330px-Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png/440px-Neurodiversity_Crowd_2.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Autistic art representing the natural diversity of human minds</figcaption></figure> Some autistic activists[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] suggest that life with autism is like being born among people who speak a different language, follow a religion or philosophy one does not share, and live a lifestyle that feels alien. Social media, meetups, and specific professions are spaces where autistic people connect and may share common interests.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self_advocacy_and_inclusion_in_decision-making">Self advocacy and inclusion in decision-making</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Self advocacy and inclusion in decision-making">edit</a>]</div> A common theme expressed among autism rights activists and neurodiversity groups[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] is that they are different from parent- and professional-led organizations and conferences that dominate the autism scene. In 2003, autism researcher <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dawson" title="Michelle Dawson">Michelle Dawson</a> criticizes the norm of allowing parents to speak on behalf of their autistic children at conferences to the exclusion of autistics: "With the happy and proud collaboration of governments, courts, researchers, service providers, and funding bodies", she says, "parents have succeeded in removing autistics from the vicinity of any important discussions or decisions." She says that the exclusion results in policy and treatment decisions being made solely by individuals who do not directly experience autism.<a href="#cite_note-Bettelheim-78">[78]</a> In 2005, Autism rights activist <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sinclair_(activist)" title="Jim Sinclair (activist)">Jim Sinclair</a> states that autism conferences are traditionally geared toward neurotypical parents and professionals, and that to an autistic person they may be quite "hostile" in terms of sensory stimulation and rigidity.<a href="#cite_note-ANIHist-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autism_interventions_and_therapies">Autism interventions and therapies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Autism interventions and therapies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Autism_therapies" title="Autism therapies">Autism therapies</a></div> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Aspies_For_Freedom" title="Aspies For Freedom">Aspies For Freedom</a> (AFF) stated that they believe many unethical therapies and treatments for autism have become common. AFF argued that extensive—40 hours per week—<a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">applied behavior analysis</a> (ABA) and restricting <a href="/wiki/Stimming" title="Stimming">stimming</a> and other coping mechanisms associated with autism are mentally harmful, that <a href="/wiki/Aversion_therapy" title="Aversion therapy">aversion therapy</a> and the use of restraints are physically harmful, and that non-medically approved treatments like <a href="/wiki/Chelation_therapy" title="Chelation therapy">chelation therapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcism</a> are dangerous.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) human rights experts have expressed that autistic people are particularly at risk for harmful medical practices and some approaches amount to "ill-treatment or torture."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Canadian autism self-advocate <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Dawson" title="Michelle Dawson">Michelle Dawson</a> testified in court against government funding of ABA therapy.<a href="#cite_note-Dawson-81">[81]</a> The Canadian organization Autistics for Autistics (A4A) has outlined some of the main objections to ABA from autistic self-advocates.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">examples needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In 2004, Jane Meyerding, who is autistic, criticized therapy that attempts to remove autism typical behaviors and states that the behaviors are often attempts to communicate.<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> Studies have shown that efforts to pass as non-autistic is associated with poorer mental health and psychological well-being,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and such findings were consistent across various age groups.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> There have been accounts and qualitative evidence that some forms of behavioral interventions increase masking or worsen mental health for some autistic people.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> American autism rights advocate <a href="/wiki/Ari_Ne%27eman" title="Ari Ne'eman">Ari Ne'erman</a> argues that by addressing individual traits of autism, it is possible to reduce harmful behavior and avoid encouraging camouflaging behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_of_Autism_Speaks">Criticism of Autism Speaks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Criticism of Autism Speaks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Autism_Speaks#Views" title="Autism Speaks">Autism Speaks § Views</a></div> Autism Speaks has faced criticism from autism rights advocates for failing to represent autistic people and for exploitative practices.<a href="#cite_note-condemnation-92">[92]</a> Until he resigned in 2013, <a href="/wiki/John_Elder_Robison" title="John Elder Robison">John Elder Robison</a> was Autism Speaks' only board member openly recognized as being on the autism spectrum. His resignation came two days after the release of an op-ed by the group's co-founder Suzanne Wright which, according to Robison, "is simply not defensible for someone who feels as I do, and I cannot continue to stand up for the public actions of an organization that makes the same mistakes over and over again by failing to connect to the community it purports to represent".<a href="#cite_note-Robison-93">[93]</a> Simone Greggs, the mother of an autistic child, filed a lawsuit against Autism Speaks for <a href="/wiki/Disability_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability discrimination">disability discrimination</a> after her job offer was rescinded. The suit alleges that she lost the job offer due to asking for an accommodation on behalf of her autistic son.<a href="#cite_note-Lawsuit-94">[94]</a> Autism Speaks has produced the documentary films <a href="/wiki/Autism_Every_Day" title="Autism Every Day">Autism Every Day</a> (2006) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sounding_the_Alarm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sounding the Alarm (page does not exist)">Sounding the Alarm</a> (2014) and the short video I Am Autism (2009), each met with strong opposition from autism rights advocates.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] Autism Every Day is a documentary featuring interviews of parents with mostly negative opinions about autism and their situations. It has been criticized[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] due to parents speaking about their children as if they are not there. In one interview, former board member <a href="/wiki/Alison_Singer" title="Alison Singer">Alison Singer</a>, while in the same room as her autistic daughter, reveals she had contemplated driving herself and her daughter off a bridge.<a href="#cite_note-murray-95">[95]</a> I Am Autism is a short video that personifies autism as a narrative voice, which compares itself to several life-threatening diseases<a href="#cite_note-Transcript-96">[96]</a> and makes the false claim<a href="#cite_note-Divorce-97">[97]</a> of causing divorce.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Sounding the Alarm is a documentary exploring the transition to adulthood and the cost of lifetime care. It was criticized by the Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network for being "full of dehumanizing rhetoric" and portraying ignorance of nonverbal communication.<a href="#cite_note-SoundingTheAlarm-100">[100]</a> Autism Speaks fundraising events have been the object of several organized protests by autism rights advocates.<a href="#cite_note-JoinTheProtest-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-HoyaProtest-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASANProtest-103">[103]</a> In 2013, the organization Boycott Autism Speaks published a list of companies that donate money to Autism Speaks along with their contact information, urging those in the autistic community to pressure those companies into dropping their support via an active <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BAS-104">[104]</a> since direct appeals to Autism Speaks did not result in the desired changes. A month later, ASAN published its 2014 Joint Letter to the Sponsors of Autism Speaks, signed by 26 different disability-related organizations, appealing to the moral responsibility of the sponsors, donors, and other supporters.<a href="#cite_note-JointLetter-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autism_rights_groups">Autism rights groups</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Autism rights groups">edit</a>]</div> There are several organizations in the autism rights movement. Some like ASAN are led exclusively by autistic people, while others such as Autism National Committee encourage cooperation between autistic people and their non-autistic allies. <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year founded </th> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Description </th> <th scope="col">Nonprofit status </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autism-Europe" title="Autism-Europe">Autism-Europe</a> (AE) </td> <td>An international network association located in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium, whose main objective is to advance the rights of autistic people and their families and to help them improve their quality of life. Autism-Europe does this primarily by representing autistic people and their families in advocacy work with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> institutions. </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">International non-profit organisation (aisbl) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2009 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Play_Me,_Pay_Me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don't Play Me, Pay Me (page does not exist)">Don't Play Me, Pay Me</a> </td> <td>UK campaign focusing on <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a>, encouraging and supporting disabled actors.<a href="#cite_note-BlackingUp-106">[106]</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">None </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Baseball_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Baseball Organization">Alternative Baseball Organization</a> (ABO) </td> <td>Adaptive baseball/softball organization formed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_C._Duncan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor C. Duncan (page does not exist)">Taylor C. Duncan</a> in 2016 to raise awareness and acceptance for autistic teens and adults through sport.<a href="#cite_note-AJC-107">[107]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2008 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Autism_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Autism Alliance (page does not exist)">Washington Autism Alliance</a> (WAA) </td> <td>Washington state organization formed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arzu_Forough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arzu Forough (page does not exist)">Arzu Forough</a> in 2008 to advocate for WA state individual access balanced with systems change advocacy and policy reform.<a href="#cite_note-WAA-108">[108]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_and_activities">Events and activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Events and activities">edit</a>]</div> Autism activist activities do not always look like other forms of political activism. For example, many autistic people cannot participate in in-person public protests due to <a href="/wiki/Sensory_overload" title="Sensory overload">sensory overload</a> from the noise.<a href="#cite_note-:1-109">[109]</a> Other cultural assumptions about the correct way to engage in activism, such as "giving people a voice", are not consistent with valuing <a href="/wiki/Non-speaking_autistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-speaking autistic">non-speaking autistic</a> people.<a href="#cite_note-:1-109">[109]</a> <ul><li>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Autistics_Speaking_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Autistics Speaking Day">Autistics Speaking Day</a> was a response to the then-upcoming first commemoration of <a href="/wiki/Communication_Shutdown" title="Communication Shutdown">Communication Shutdown</a>. The annual Communication Shutdown event encourages non-autistics to refrain from using social networking websites for one day as a <a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">perspective-taking</a> exercise,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> while Autistics Speaking Day encourages autistic people to become more active on social media and to describe their experiences during a time when there are fewer <a href="/wiki/Neurotypical" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotypical">neurotypical</a> voices in the mix.</li> <li>In 2012, autistic activist Zoe Gross organized the first <a href="/wiki/Disability_Day_of_Mourning" title="Disability Day of Mourning">Disability Day of Mourning</a> vigil held in memory of people with disabilities murdered by family members or caregivers.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-AsanMourning-113">[113]</a> These vigils are now held annually on 1 March globally, often by local <a href="/wiki/Self-advocacy" title="Self-advocacy">self-advocacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability rights</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-AsanMourning-113">[113]</a></li> <li>In 2015, autistic activist Alanna Rose Whitney created the social media campaign #WalkInRed, later rebranded #RedInstead to be more inclusive of wheelchair users, as another alternative to Light It Up Blue.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>Autism rights activists organize protests against organizations they consider objectionable, most notably <a href="/wiki/Autism_Speaks" title="Autism Speaks">Autism Speaks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judge_Rotenberg_Center" title="Judge Rotenberg Center">Judge Rotenberg Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In the United States, activists affiliated with ASAN have organized numerous protests against Autism Speaks events, typically protesting and leafleting at fundraising walks.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Autistic activists including <a href="/wiki/Shain_Neumeier" title="Shain Neumeier">Shain Neumeier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia Brown">Lydia Brown</a> have organized lobbying days and protests aiming to close or more strictly regulate the Judge Rotenberg Center.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> There is disagreement within the autism community on whether to use person-first terminology (e.g., person with autism) or identity-first terminology (e.g., autistic person). The autism rights movement encourages the use of identity-first terminology<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> to stress that autism is a part of an individual's identity rather than a condition they have. Phrases like suffers from autism are objectionable to many people,<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> and are discouraged by both the American Psychological Association's style guide and National Center on Disability and Journalism's style guide.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The autistic community has developed their own terminology such as: <ul><li>Aspie – a person with <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger's syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a> Not as frequently used with Aspergers being removed as an official diagnosis.</li> <li>Autie – an autistic person.<a href="#cite_note-Mitchell-127">[127]</a></li> <li>Autistics and cousins (AC) – a cover term including aspies, auties, and their "cousins", i.e., people with some autistic traits but no formal diagnosis<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li>Curebie – a person with the desire to cure autism. This term is considered derogatory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a> – the framework for understanding some disabilities, such as autism, as a variation in human <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurological</a> makeup rather than a disorder.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotypical" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotypical">Neurotypical</a> (NT) – a person who does not have any neurological differences. It is often used to describe an individual who is not autistic.</li> <li>Allistic – a person who is not autistic.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Originally it was used satirically to describe those without autism.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autistic_pride">Autistic pride</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Autistic pride">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Pride_Day" title="Autistic Pride Day">Autistic Pride Day</a></div> Autistic pride refers to being pride of being autistic and promotes the idea that autistic people are not defective.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Autistic pride emphasizes the variation and diversity in human neurology. Autistic pride asserts that autistic people are not impaired or damaged; rather, they have a unique set of characteristics that provide them many rewards and challenges, not unlike their non-autistic peers.<a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPRAutism-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-INTO-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autistic_culture_and_community">Autistic culture and community</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Autistic culture and community">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="389" data-mwtitle="Bookbits_-_2011-05-03_John_Elder_Robison-Be_Different.vorb.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bookbits_-_2011-05-03_John_Elder_Robison-Be_Different.vorb.oga"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Bookbits_-_2011-05-03_John_Elder_Robison-Be_Different.vorb.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Bookbits_-_2011-05-03_John_Elder_Robison-Be_Different.vorb.oga/Bookbits_-_2011-05-03_John_Elder_Robison-Be_Different.vorb.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Elder_Robison" title="John Elder Robison">John Elder Robison</a> talks about Be Different on Bookbits radio.</figcaption></figure> With the recent increases in autism recognition and new approaches to educating and socializing autistics, an autistic culture has begun to develop. Autistic culture is based on a belief that autism is a unique way of being and not a disorder to be cured.<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> The Aspie world, as it is sometimes called, contains people with <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a> (AS) and <a href="/wiki/High_functioning_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="High functioning autism">high functioning autism</a> (HFA), and can be linked to three historical trends: the emergence of AS and HFA as labels, the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability rights movement</a>, and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Autistic communities exist both online and offline; many people use these for support and communication with others like themselves, as the social limitations of autism sometimes make it difficult to make friends, to establish support within general society, and to construct an identity within society.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Because many autistics find it easier to communicate online than in person, a large number of online resources are available.<a href="#cite_note-NPRAutism-132">[132]</a> Some autistic individuals learn <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a>, participate in online <a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">chat rooms</a>, discussion boards, and websites, or use communication devices at autism-community social events. The Internet helps bypass non-verbal cues and emotional sharing that autistics tend to have difficulty with.<a href="#cite_note-BlumeNYT-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-BlumeMIT-135">[135]</a> It gives autistic individuals a way to communicate and form online communities.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Conducting work, conversation and interviews online in chat rooms, rather than via phone calls or personal contact, helps level the playing field for many autistics.<a href="#cite_note-TrivediProud-73">[73]</a> A New York Times article said "the impact of the Internet on autistics may one day be compared in magnitude to the spread of sign language among the deaf" because it opens new opportunities for communication by filtering out "sensory overload that impedes communication among autistics."<a href="#cite_note-BlumeNYT-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_events">Notable events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable events">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="col">Origin </th> <th rowspan="2" scope="col">Event </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col">When </th> <th rowspan="2" nowrap="" scope="col">Occurrence </th></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Alfa"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Autism_Awareness_Day" title="World Autism Awareness Day">World Autism Awareness Day</a> </th> <td>2 April </td> <td>Yearly </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Scuderia Alp"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <th scope="row">Autism Sunday </th> <td>Second Sunday of February </td> <td nowrap="">Yearly </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="Scuderia F"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <th scope="row">Autism Awareness Year </th> <td>2002 </td> <td>One-off </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <th>Autistic Pride Day </th> <td>18 June </td> <td>Yearly </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <th>Autism Acceptance Project </th> <td>2006 </td> <td>One-off </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <th>Autistics Speaking Day </th> <td>1 November </td> <td>Yearly </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Autism_Awareness_Day">World Autism Awareness Day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: World Autism Awareness Day">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Autism_Awareness_Day" title="World Autism Awareness Day">World Autism Awareness Day</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_(8613785933).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_%288613785933%29.jpg/220px-Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_%288613785933%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_%288613785933%29.jpg/330px-Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_%288613785933%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_%288613785933%29.jpg/440px-Light_it_Up_Blue_-_World_Autism_Awareness_Day_%288613785933%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Minnesota governor <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dayton" title="Mark Dayton">Mark Dayton</a> declared the World Autism Awareness Day on 2 April 2013.</figcaption></figure> World Autism Awareness Day, sometimes referred to as World Autism Day, is marked yearly on 2 April. It was designated by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> at the end of 2007.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Some autism rights advocates have campaigned to rename it Autism Acceptance Day because of a misconception that the day is affiliated with Autism Speaks.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autism_Sunday">Autism Sunday</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Autism Sunday">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autism_Sunday" title="Autism Sunday">Autism Sunday</a></div> Autism Sunday is a global Christian event observed annually on the second Sunday of February. It is supported by church leaders[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] and organisations[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] around the world. The event was initiated by the founders of <a href="/wiki/Autism_Awareness_Campaign_UK" title="Autism Awareness Campaign UK">Autism Awareness Campaign UK</a>, Charika Corea and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Corea_(campaigner)" title="Ivan Corea (campaigner)">Ivan Corea</a>. Autism Sunday was launched in London in 2002 with a service at St. Paul's Cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autism_Awareness_Year">Autism Awareness Year</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Autism Awareness Year">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Autism_Awareness_Campaign_UK" title="Autism Awareness Campaign UK">Autism Awareness Campaign UK</a></div>The year 2002 was declared Autism Awareness Year in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>—the idea was initiated by Ivan and Charika Corea, parents of an autistic child, Charin.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Autism Awareness Year was led by <a href="/wiki/Bibic_(charity)" title="Bibic (charity)">bibic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brainkind" title="Brainkind">Brainkind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Foundation" title="Shirley Foundation">Shirley Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Autistic_Society" title="National Autistic Society">National Autistic Society</a>, Autism London, and 800 other organizations in the United Kingdom. It had the personal backing of British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The 2002 Autism Awareness Year helped raise awareness of the serious issues concerning autism and Asperger's syndrome across the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> A major conference, Autism 2002, was held at the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fund" title="King's Fund">King's Fund</a> in London with debates in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> in Westminster. Autism awareness ribbons were worn to mark the year.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Some British autism advocates want autistic people acknowledged as a minority rather than as disabled, because they say that "disability discrimination laws don't protect those who are not disabled but who 'still have something that makes them look or act differently from other people.'"<a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a> But the autism community is split over this issue, and some view this notion as radical.<a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autistic_Pride_Day">Autistic Pride Day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Autistic Pride Day">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Pride_Day" title="Autistic Pride Day">Autistic Pride Day</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Pride_Day" title="Autistic Pride Day">Autistic Pride Day</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Aspies_For_Freedom" title="Aspies For Freedom">Aspies For Freedom</a> initiative celebrated on 18 June each year. It is a day for celebrating the neurodiversity of people with autism. Inspired by LGBT+ communities, Autistic Pride often compares their efforts to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">LGBT social movements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SanerDisease-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autistics_Speaking_Day">Autistics Speaking Day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Autistics Speaking Day">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Autistics_Speaking_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Autistics Speaking Day">Autistics Speaking Day</a> is a yearly event designated on 1 November, a self-advocacy campaign run by people with autism to raise awareness and challenge negative stereotypes about autism by speaking for themselves and sharing their stories. The first Autistics Speaking Day was held in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> According to Corina Becker, one of the early founders, the day is to "acknowledge our difficulties while sharing our strengths, passions, and interests."<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The idea for the event developed out of opposition to a Communication Shutdown fundraising campaign led by United States charity Autism Speaks. Participants had been asked to "simulate having autism" by straying from all forms of online communication for one day. The event received criticism and accused Autism Speaks of missing the point of what autism actually is, referring to autistic individuals' comfort using other means of communication.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autism_Acceptance_Project">Autism Acceptance Project</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Autism Acceptance Project">edit</a>]</div> In 2006 the Autism Acceptance Project (TAAProject) was founded by Estée Klar, the mother of an autistic child, with help from an autistic advisory board.<a href="#cite_note-TAA-150">[150]</a> The project was dedicated to promoting acceptance and accommodations for autistic people in society and was primarily supported by autistic people. The website for TAAProject disappeared a decade later, but the idea of promoting acceptance has now been adopted with other campaigns such as Autism Acceptance Month.<a href="#cite_note-TAA-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autism_Acceptance_Day">Autism Acceptance Day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Autism Acceptance Day">edit</a>]</div> In 2011, the first Autism Acceptance Day celebrations were organized by Paula Durbin Westby, as a response to traditional "Autism Awareness" campaigns which the autistic community found harmful and insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-autismacceptancemonth1-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Autism Acceptance Day is now held every April.<a href="#cite_note-autismacceptancemonth1-151">[151]</a> "Awareness" focuses on informing others of the existence of autism while "acceptance" pushes towards validating and honoring the autism community. By providing tools and educational material, people are encouraged to embrace the challenges autistic people face and celebrate their strengths. Rather than making autism into a crippling disability, acceptance integrates those on the autistic spectrum into everyday society. Instead of encouraging people to wear blue as Autism Awareness Day does, Autism Acceptance Day encourages people to wear red.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autreat">Autreat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Autreat">edit</a>]</div> At <a href="/wiki/Autreat" class="mw-redirect" title="Autreat">Autreat</a>—an annual autistic gathering—participants compared their movement to gay rights activists, or the Deaf culture, where sign language is preferred over surgery that might restore hearing.<a href="#cite_note-Harmon-29">[29]</a> Other local organizations have also arisen: for example, a European counterpart, Autscape, was created around 2005.<a href="#cite_note-Gal-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarship">Scholarship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Scholarship">edit</a>]</div> Autism received increasing attention from <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social-science</a> scholars in the early 2000s, with the goals of improving support services and therapies, arguing that autism should be tolerated as a difference not a disorder, and by how autism affects the definition of personhood and identity.<a href="#cite_note-Silverman-155">[155]</a> Sociological research has also investigated how social institutions, particularly families, cope with the challenges associated with autism.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> A study published on 20 January 2021, by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Dallas" title="University of Texas at Dallas">University of Texas at Dallas</a> suggests that educating non-autistic people about the strengths and challenges of autistic people can help reduce stigma and misconceptions surrounding autism, which may help increase social inclusion of autistic people.<a href="#cite_note-:0-157">[157]</a> The study also found that <a href="/wiki/Implicit_stereotype" title="Implicit stereotype">implicit biases</a> about autism were harder to overcome for non-autistic people.<a href="#cite_note-:0-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_portrayals">Media portrayals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Media portrayals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Autism_in_popular_culture" title="Autism in popular culture">Autism in popular culture</a></div> Much of the public perception of autism is based on its portrayals in biographies, movies, novels, and TV series. Many of these portrayals have been inaccurate, and have contributed to a divergence between public perception and the clinical reality of autism.<a href="#cite_note-Trapped-158">[158]</a> For example, in the 2005 movie <a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_the_Whale" title="Mozart and the Whale">Mozart and the Whale</a>, the opening scene gives four clues that a leading character has Asperger syndrome, and two of these clues are <a href="/wiki/Savant_syndrome" title="Savant syndrome">extraordinary savant</a> skills. The savant skills are not needed in the film, but in movies savant skills have become a stereotype for the autism spectrum, because of the incorrect assumption that most autistic people are savants.<a href="#cite_note-Draaisma-159">[159]</a> Some works from the 1970s have autistic characters,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] who are rarely labeled.<a href="#cite_note-Murray-160">[160]</a> In contrast, in the 2013 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC2</a> television miniseries <a href="/wiki/The_Politician%27s_Husband" title="The Politician's Husband">The Politician's Husband</a>, the impact of Noah Hoynes' Asperger syndrome on the boy's behavior and on his family, and steps Noah's loved ones take to accommodate and address it, are prominent plot points in all three episodes. Popular media have depicted special talents of some children with autism, including <a href="/wiki/Splinter_skill" title="Splinter skill">exceptional abilities</a> as seen in the 1988 movie <a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Since the 1970s, fictional portrayals of autistic people have become more frequent.<a href="#cite_note-Murray-160">[160]</a> Public perception of autism is often based on these fictional portrayals in novels, biographies, movies, and TV series. These depictions of autism in media today are often made in a way that brings pity to the public and their concern of the topic, because their viewpoint is never actually shown, leaving the public without knowledge of autism and its diagnosis.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Draaisma-159">[159]</a> Portrayals in the media of characters with atypical abilities (for example, the ability to multiply large numbers without a calculator) may be misinterpreted by viewers as accurate portrayals of all autistic people and of autism itself.<a href="#cite_note-AutisticLicence-163">[163]</a> Additionally, the media frequently depicts autism as only affecting children, which promotes the misconception that autism does not affect adults.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_individuals">Notable individuals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notable individuals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Retrospective_diagnosis#Retrospective_diagnoses_of_autism" title="Retrospective diagnosis">Retrospective diagnosis § Retrospective diagnoses of autism</a></div> Some notable figures such as <a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a>, a food animal handling systems designer and author,<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Page_(music_critic)" title="Tim Page (music critic)">Tim Page</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning critic and author<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> are autistic. Notable individuals known to have Asperger syndrome include <a href="/wiki/Craig_Nicholls" title="Craig Nicholls">Craig Nicholls</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> lead singer, songwriter, guitarist and only constant member of the Australian rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Vines_(band)" title="The Vines (band)">The Vines</a>, who was diagnosed in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> and actor <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Considine" title="Paddy Considine">Paddy Considine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lockyer-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Swedish environmentalist <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a>, who in August 2018 started the "<a href="/wiki/School_strike_for_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="School strike for climate">School strike for climate</a>" movement, has explained how the "gift" of living with Asperger syndrome helps her "see things from outside the box" when it comes to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In an interview with presenter <a href="/wiki/Nick_Robinson_(journalist)" title="Nick Robinson (journalist)">Nick Robinson</a> on BBC Radio 4's <a href="/wiki/Today_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Today programme">Today</a>, the 16-year-old activist said that autism helps her see things in "black and white". She went on to say:<a href="#cite_note-Thunberg-173">[173]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">It makes me different, and being different is a gift, I would say. It also makes me see things from outside the box. I don't easily fall for lies; I can see through things. I don't think I would be interested in the climate at all, if I had been like everyone else. Many people say that it doesn't matter, you can cheat sometimes. But I can't do that. You can't be a little bit sustainable. Either you're sustainable, or not sustainable. For way too long the politicians and people in power have got away with not doing anything at all to fight the climate crisis and ecological crisis, but we will make sure that they will not get away with it any longer.</blockquote> Additionally, media speculation of contemporary figures as being on the autism spectrum has become popular in recent times. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York magazine</a> reported some examples, which included that <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> suggested that <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> is autistic, and that a biographer of <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> wrote that his prodigious memory and "fascination with numbers" give him "a vaguely autistic aura". The magazine also reported that on <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Rehab_with_Dr._Drew" title="Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew">Celebrity Rehab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Pinsky" title="Drew Pinsky">Drew Pinsky</a> deemed basketball player <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Rodman" title="Dennis Rodman">Dennis Rodman</a> a candidate for an Asperger's diagnosis, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> specialist consulted "seemed to concur". <a href="/wiki/Nora_Ephron" title="Nora Ephron">Nora Ephron</a> criticized these conclusions, writing that popular speculative diagnoses suggest autism is "an epidemic, or else a wildly over-diagnosed thing that there used to be other words for".<a href="#cite_note-nymag-174">[174]</a> The practice of diagnosing autism in these cases is controversial.<a href="#cite_note-sowell-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> There are a wide variety of both supportive and critical opinions about the movement among people who are autistic or associated with people with autism. A common criticism leveled against autistic activists is that the majority of them do not have co-occurring intellectual disability and critics argue that their views do not represent the views of autistic people with intellectual disability and their parents.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism:_The_Musical" title="Autism: The Musical">Autism: The Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Discrimination against autistic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_Lovaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivar Lovaas">Ivar Lovaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Me_in_the_Eye" title="Look Me in the Eye">Look Me in the Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_pride" title="Mad pride">Mad pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASH_(organization)" title="TASH (organization)">TASH (organization)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-symbol-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-symbol_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-symbol_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://autisticprideday.org/about-us/what-is-rainbow-infinity">""What is rainbow infinity""</a>.</cite><span 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Liverpool University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/representingauti00murr/page/n152">135</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-092-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-092-8"><bdi>978-1-84631-092-8</bdi></a>. <q>... [the film] drew substantial criticism from disability rights advocates because of its concentration on the condition as one of problems and difficulties, especially for parents. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/einsteinsyndrome00sowe/page/142">142</a>, 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465081417" title="Special:BookSources/9780465081417"><bdi>9780465081417</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Einstein+Syndrome%3A+bright+children+who+talk+late&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=142%2C+189&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780465081417&rft.aulast=Sowell&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feinsteinsyndrome00sowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2012" class="citation news cs1">Steinberg, Paul (31 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/01/opinion/aspergers-history-of-over-diagnosis.html">"Asperger's History of Overdiagnosis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525142455/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/01/opinion/aspergers-history-of-over-diagnosis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asperger%27s+History+of+Overdiagnosis&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F01%2Fopinion%2Faspergers-history-of-over-diagnosis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autism-help.org/points-autism-rights-movement.htm">"Autism, PDD-NOS & Asperger's fact sheets | The Autism Rights Movement"</a>. www.autism-help.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523025259/http://autism-help.org/points-autism-rights-movement.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.autism-help.org&rft.atitle=Autism%2C+PDD-NOS+%26+Asperger%27s+fact+sheets+%7C+The+Autism+Rights+Movement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autism-help.org%2Fpoints-autism-rights-movement.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2017" class="citation book cs1">Singer, Judy (2017). NeuroDiversity: The Birth of an Idea. Judy Singer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6481547-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6481547-0-9"><bdi>978-0-6481547-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NeuroDiversity%3A+The+Birth+of+an+Idea&rft.pub=Judy+Singer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-6481547-0-9&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Judy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapp2020" class="citation book cs1">Kapp, Steven K., ed. (2020). Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-8437-0">10.1007/978-981-13-8437-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-13-8436-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-13-8436-3"><bdi>978-981-13-8436-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autistic+Community+and+the+Neurodiversity+Movement&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-8437-0&rft.isbn=978-981-13-8436-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaltz2013" class="citation book cs1">Waltz, M. (2013). Autism: A Social and Medical History. Palgrave Macmillan UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52750-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52750-8"><bdi>978-0-230-52750-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autism%3A+A+Social+and+Medical+History&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-230-52750-8&rft.aulast=Waltz&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmdur2009" class="citation news cs1">Amdur, Neil (3 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130408185123/http://www-nc.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/health/04aspe.html?=_r=6&">"Asperger's Syndrome, on Screen and in Life"</a>. The New York Times. p. D5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-nc.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/health/04aspe.html">the original</a> on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asperger%27s+Syndrome%2C+on+Screen+and+in+Life&rft.pages=D5&rft.date=2009-08-03&rft.aulast=Amdur&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-nc.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F04%2Fhealth%2F04aspe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, Joyce (November 2008). "Autistic culture online: virtual communication and cultural expression on the spectrum". Social & Cultural Geography. 9 (7): 791–806. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14649360802382586">10.1080/14649360802382586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+%26+Cultural+Geography&rft.atitle=Autistic+culture+online%3A+virtual+communication+and+cultural+expression+on+the+spectrum&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E791-%3C%2Fspan%3E806&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14649360802382586&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Grandin, Temple. (2011). Thinking in Pictures, Expanded Edition: My Life with Autism. New York: Vintage. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1935274216" title="Special:BookSources/978-1935274216">978-1935274216</a></li> <li>Grandin, Temple. (1995). Sachs, Oliver (foreword). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thinkinginpictur0000gran/page/n7/mode/2up">Thinking in Pictures, and other stories from my life with autism</a>. New York: Doubleday. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-47792-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-47792-9">0-385-47792-9</a></li> <li>Loud Hands: Autistic People, Speaking. Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network" title="Autistic Self Advocacy Network">Autistic Self Advocacy Network</a>, 2012. Bascom, Julia. (Foreword). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1938800023" title="Special:BookSources/978-1938800023">978-1938800023</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/823510362">823510362</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadesan,_Majia2005" class="citation book cs1">Nadesan, Majia (2005). Constructing Autism: Unravelling the "Truth" and Discovering the Social. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203299500">10.4324/9780203299500</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32180-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32180-8"><bdi>978-0-415-32180-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Autism%3A+Unravelling+the+%22Truth%22+and+Discovering+the+Social&rft.pub=London%3A+Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203299500&rft.isbn=978-0-415-32180-8&rft.au=Nadesan%2C+Majia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossettiAshbyArndtChadwick2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rossetti Z, Ashby C, Arndt K, Chadwick M, Kasahara M (2008). "'I like others to not try to fix me': agency, independence, and autism". Intellect Dev Disabil. 46 (5): 364–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1352%2F2008.46%3A364-375">10.1352/2008.46:364-375</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19090638">19090638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intellect+Dev+Disabil&rft.atitle=%27I+like+others+to+not+try+to+fix+me%27%3A+agency%2C+independence%2C+and+autism&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E364-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1352%2F2008.46%3A364-375&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19090638&rft.aulast=Rossetti&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.au=Ashby%2C+C&rft.au=Arndt%2C+K&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+M&rft.au=Kasahara%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autism_rights_movement&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Autism" class="extiw" title="q:Autism">Autism</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511000025/http://www.writersvoice.net/2008/03/podcast-62-life-with-aspergers/">John Elder Robison radio interview about life with Asperger's Syndrome</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319175028/https://thispodcasthasautism.com/">"This Podcast Has Autism"</a>. 24 November 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thispodcasthasautism.com/">the original</a> on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Podcast+Has+Autism&rft.date=2019-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthispodcasthasautism.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutism+rights+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autism373" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autism" title="Template:Autism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autism" title="Template talk:Autism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autism373" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">Autism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_autism" title="Causes of autism">Causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_of_autism" title="Diagnosis of autism">Diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_autism" title="Epidemiology of autism">Epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetics_of_autism" title="Epigenetics of autism">Epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritability_of_autism" title="Heritability of autism">Heritability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_autism" title="History of autism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_and_memory" title="Autism and memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathophysiology of autism">Pathophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_gender_differences_in_autism" title="Sex and gender differences in autism">Sex and gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_and_cultural_aspects_of_autism" title="Societal and cultural aspects of autism">Societal and cultural aspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_therapies" title="Autism therapies">Therapies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diagnoses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_developmental_disorder" title="Pervasive developmental disorder">Pervasive developmental disorder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_autism" title="Classic autism">Autistic disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_developmental_disorder_not_otherwise_specified" title="Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified">Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_disintegrative_disorder" title="Childhood disintegrative disorder">Childhood disintegrative disorder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-functioning_autism" title="High-functioning autism">High-functioning autism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated conditions and phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexithymia" title="Alexithymia">Alexithymia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Autism and LGBTQ identities">Autism and LGBTQ identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_burnout" title="Autistic burnout">Autistic burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_catatonia" title="Autistic catatonia">Autistic catatonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_masking" title="Autistic masking">Autistic masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_meltdown" title="Autistic meltdown">Autistic meltdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echolalia" title="Echolalia">Echolalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echopraxia" title="Echopraxia">Echopraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_dysregulation" title="Emotional dysregulation">Emotional dysregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlexia" title="Hyperlexia">Hyperlexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infodumping" title="Infodumping">Infodumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_talker" title="Late talker">Late talker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotropism" title="Monotropism">Monotropism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonverbal_autism" title="Nonverbal autism">Nonverbal autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_demand_avoidance" title="Pathological demand avoidance">Pathological demand avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronoun_reversal" title="Pronoun reversal">Pronoun reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savant_syndrome" title="Savant syndrome">Savant syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_interest_(autism)" title="Special interest (autism)">Special interests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimming" title="Stimming">Stimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_overload" title="Sensory overload">Sensory overload</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conditions_comorbid_to_autism" title="Conditions comorbid to autism">Comorbid conditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoidant/restrictive_food_intake_disorder" title="Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder">Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">Anxiety disorder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">obsessive–compulsive disorder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_coordination_disorder" title="Developmental coordination disorder">Developmental coordination disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">Epilepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">Intellectual disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_processing_disorder" title="Sensory processing disorder">Sensory processing disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_developmental_delay" title="Global developmental delay">Global developmental delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_verbal_dyspraxia" title="Developmental verbal dyspraxia">Developmental verbal dyspraxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syndromic_autism" title="Syndromic autism">Associated syndromes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22q13_deletion_syndrome" title="22q13 deletion syndrome">22q13 deletion syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelman_syndrome" title="Angelman syndrome">Angelman syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHARGE_syndrome" title="CHARGE syndrome">CHARGE syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohen_syndrome" title="Cohen syndrome">Cohen syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_de_Lange_syndrome" title="Cornelia de Lange syndrome">Cornelia de Lange syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiGeorge_syndrome" title="DiGeorge syndrome">DiGeorge syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_valproate_spectrum_disorder" title="Fetal valproate spectrum disorder">Fetal valproate spectrum disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragile_X_syndrome" title="Fragile X syndrome">Fragile X syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MECP2_duplication_syndrome" title="MECP2 duplication syndrome">MECP2 duplication syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofibromatosis_type_I" title="Neurofibromatosis type I">Neurofibromatosis type I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noonan_syndrome" title="Noonan syndrome">Noonan syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_hamartoma_syndrome" title="Multiple hamartoma syndrome">Multiple hamartoma syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rett_syndrome" title="Rett syndrome">Rett syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Lemli%E2%80%93Opitz_syndrome" title="Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome">Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_syndrome" title="Timothy syndrome">Timothy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberous_sclerosis" title="Tuberous sclerosis">Tuberous sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_syndrome" title="Williams syndrome">Williams syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autism rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_autism_studies" title="Critical autism studies">Critical autism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_empathy_problem" title="Double empathy problem">Double empathy problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_of_autistic_people" title="Employment of autistic people">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_complex_developmental_disorder" title="Multiple complex developmental disorder">Multiple complex developmental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_Education_of_Autistic_and_Related_Communication_Handicapped_Children" title="Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children">TEACCH program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twice_exceptional" title="Twice exceptional">Twice exceptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_autism" title="Violence and autism">Violence and autism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Controversies_in_autism" title="Controversies in autism">Controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud" title="Lancet MMR autism fraud">Lancet MMR autism fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelation_therapy" title="Chelation therapy">Chelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combating_Autism_Act" title="Combating Autism Act">Combating Autism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_supremacism" title="Autistic supremacism">Autistic supremacism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diagnostic scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Diagnostic_Interview" title="Autism Diagnostic Interview">Autism Diagnostic Interview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Diagnostic_Observation_Schedule" title="Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule">Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_Autism_Rating_Scale" title="Childhood Autism Rating Scale">Childhood Autism Rating Scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilliam_Asperger%27s_disorder_scale" title="Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale">Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screening scales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism-spectrum_quotient" title="Autism-spectrum quotient">Autism-spectrum quotient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_Autism_Spectrum_Test" title="Childhood Autism Spectrum Test">Childhood Autism Spectrum Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritvo_Autism_and_Asperger_Diagnostic_Scale" title="Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale">Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_autism" title="Outline of autism">Autism-related topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_autistic_fictional_characters" title="List of autistic fictional characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_for_people_on_the_autism_spectrum" title="List of schools for people on the autism spectrum">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accommodations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism-friendly" title="Autism-friendly">Autism-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_friendly" title="Sensory friendly">Sensory friendly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Autism" title="Category:Autism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autism_resources172" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autism_resources" title="Template:Autism resources"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autism_resources" title="Template talk:Autism resources"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autism_resources" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autism resources"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autism_resources172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">Autism</a> resources</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">Autism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_autism" title="Outline of autism">outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_autism" title="History of autism">history</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awareness</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism-friendly" title="Autism-friendly">Autism-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Sunday" title="Autism Sunday">Autism Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Shutdown" title="Communication Shutdown">Communication Shutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Autism_Awareness_Day" title="World Autism Awareness Day">World Autism Awareness Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Societal_and_cultural_aspects_of_autism" title="Societal and cultural aspects of autism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_art" title="Autistic art">Autistic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_in_popular_culture" title="Autism in popular culture">Autism in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_autistic_fictional_characters" title="List of autistic fictional characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_autism" title="List of films about autism">Films about autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Friends_(disabled_care)" title="Circle of Friends (disabled care)">Circle of Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accommodations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_friendly" title="Sensory friendly">Sensory friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KultureCity" title="KultureCity">KultureCity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Therapies0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autism_therapies" title="Autism therapies">Therapies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychotropic medication (<a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">antipsychotics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">Aripiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risperidone" title="Risperidone">Risperidone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behavioral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_trial_training" title="Discrete trial training">Discrete trial training</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ole_Ivar_Lovaas" title="Ole Ivar Lovaas">Lovaas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_exchange_communication_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture exchange communication system">Picture exchange communication system</a> (PECS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivotal_response_treatment" title="Pivotal response treatment">Pivotal response treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_behavior_support" title="Positive behavior support">Positive behavior support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Start_Denver_Model" title="Early Start Denver Model">Early Start Denver Model</a> (ESDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">Cognitive behavioral therapy</a> (CBT)</li> <li>Social skills training</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floortime" title="Floortime">Floortime</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLAY_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="PLAY Project">PLAY Project</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a> (ABA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_integration_training" title="Auditory integration training">Auditory integration training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aversion_therapy" title="Aversion therapy">Aversion therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judge_Rotenberg_Center" title="Judge Rotenberg Center">Judge Rotenberg Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelation_therapy" title="Chelation therapy">Chelation of mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluten-free,_casein-free_diet" title="Gluten-free, casein-free diet">Gluten-free, casein-free diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hug_machine" title="Hug machine">Hug machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy">Hyperbaric oxygen therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Holding therapy">Holding therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relationship_development_intervention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relationship development intervention (page does not exist)">Relationship development intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">Secretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_integration_therapy" title="Sensory integration therapy">Sensory integration therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son-Rise" title="Son-Rise">Son-Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder#Medication" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">ADHD medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">Occupational therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Stories" title="Social Stories">Social Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech therapy">Speech therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_Education_of_Autistic_and_Related_Communication_Handicapped_Children" title="Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children">Structured teaching (TEACCH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Centers0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Centers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Science_in_Autism_Treatment" title="Association for Science in Autism Treatment">Association for Science in Autism Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Research_Institute" title="Autism Research Institute">Autism Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Science_Foundation" title="Autism Science Foundation">Autism Science Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Krieger_Institute" title="Kennedy Krieger Institute">Kennedy Krieger Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_for_Autism_Research" title="National Alliance for Autism Research">National Alliance for Autism Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simons_Foundation_Autism_Research_Initiative" title="Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative">Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Child_Study_Center" title="Yale Child Study Center">Yale Child Study Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Research_Centre" title="Autism Research Centre">Autism Research Centre</a> (UK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_autism#Conditions_and_research_areas" title="Outline of autism">Conditions and research areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_autism#Researchers_and_therapists" title="Outline of autism">Researchers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Therapy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="United_States13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Autism_and_Related_Disorders" title="Center for Autism and Related Disorders">Center for Autism and Related Disorders</a> (CARD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIND_Institute" title="MIND Institute">MIND Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_for_people_on_the_autism_spectrum" title="List of schools for people on the autism spectrum">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Learning_Group" title="Alpine Learning Group">Alpine Learning Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_II_School_for_Autistic_Children" title="Eden II School for Autistic Children">Eden II School for Autistic Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPA_College" title="ESPA College">ESPA College</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exceptional_Minds" title="Exceptional Minds">Exceptional Minds</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Center_for_Children" title="New England Center for Children">New England Center for Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathlight_School" title="Pathlight School">Pathlight School</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_School" title="Rebecca School">Rebecca School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunfield_Children%27s_Home" title="Sunfield Children's Home">Sunfield Children's Home</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TreeHouse_School" title="TreeHouse School">TreeHouse School</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Autistic_School" title="Western Autistic School">Western Autistic School</a> (Australia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Autism rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_Planet" title="Wrong Planet">Wrong Planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="United_States13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Network_International" title="Autism Network International">Autism Network International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Science_Foundation" title="Autism Science Foundation">Autism Science Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_Self_Advocacy_Network" title="Autistic Self Advocacy Network">Autistic Self Advocacy Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Society_of_America" title="Autism Society of America">Autism Society of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Speaks" title="Autism Speaks">Autism Speaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Ponce%C3%B1o_de_Autismo" title="Centro Ponceño de Autismo">Centro Ponceño de Autismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jordan_Fiddle_Foundation" title="Daniel Jordan Fiddle Foundation">Daniel Jordan Fiddle Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Rescue" title="Generation Rescue">Generation Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Autism_Network" title="Interactive Autism Network">Interactive Autism Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interagency_Autism_Coordinating_Committee" title="Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee">Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LENA_Foundation" title="LENA Foundation">LENA Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_for_Autism_Research" title="National Alliance for Autism Research">National Alliance for Autism Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_on_Severe_Autism" title="National Council on Severe Autism">National Council on Severe Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Database_for_Autism_Research" title="National Database for Autism Research">National Database for Autism Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Autism_Community_in_Action" title="The Autism Community in Action">The Autism Community in Action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Ann_Sullivan_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Centro Ann Sullivan del Perú">Centro Ann Sullivan</a> (Peru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Instituto_de_Autismo" title="Domus Instituto de Autismo">Domus Instituto de Autismo</a> (Mexico)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_for_Autism" title="Action for Autism">Action for Autism</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Resource_Centre_(Singapore)" title="Autism Resource Centre (Singapore)">Autism Resource Centre (Singapore)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autistic_Society_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Autistic Society of Trinidad and Tobago">Autistic Society of Trinidad and Tobago</a> (Trinidad and Tobago)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maia_Chung_Autism_and_Disabilities_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maia Chung Autism and Disabilities Foundation (page does not exist)">Maia Chung Autism and Disabilities Foundation</a> (Jamaica)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UK2" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Anglia" title="Autism Anglia">Autism Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Autism_Directory" title="The Autism Directory">The Autism Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Awareness_Campaign_UK" title="Autism Awareness Campaign UK">Autism Awareness Campaign UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Cymru" title="Autism Cymru">Autism Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Plus" title="Autism Plus">Autism Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autistica" title="Autistica">Autistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Autistic_Society" title="National Autistic Society">National Autistic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacar_(charity)" title="Sacar (charity)">Sacar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Specialisterne" title="Specialisterne">Specialisterne</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspies_For_Freedom" title="Aspies For Freedom">Aspies For Freedom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Priddis_Foundation" title="Luke Priddis Foundation">Luke Priddis Foundation</a> (Australia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Literature0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Teacher:_Life_Lessons_from_My_Silent_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="The Accidental Teacher: Life Lessons from My Silent Son">The Accidental Teacher: Life Lessons from My Silent Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Translation" title="Animals in Translation">Animals in Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergirls:_Empowering_Females_with_Asperger%27s_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger's Syndrome">Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger's Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism%27s_False_Prophets" title="Autism's False Prophets">Autism's False Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Love:_Autism" title="Extreme Love: Autism">Extreme Love: Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freaks,_Geeks,_and_Asperger_Syndrome:_A_User_Guide_to_Adolescence" class="mw-redirect" title="Freaks, Geeks, and Asperger Syndrome: A User Guide to Adolescence">Freaks, Geeks, and Asperger Syndrome: A User Guide to Adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_a_Different_Key" title="In a Different Key">In a Different Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life,_Animated" title="Life, Animated">Life, Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_Colour_to_the_Blind" title="Like Colour to the Blind">Like Colour to the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Me_in_the_Eye" title="Look Me in the Eye">Look Me in the Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Warriors" title="Mother Warriors">Mother Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Miedzianik)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Autobiography (Miedzianik)">My Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeuroTribes" title="NeuroTribes">NeuroTribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobody_Nowhere" title="Nobody Nowhere">Nobody Nowhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reason_I_Jump" title="The Reason I Jump">The Reason I Jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somebody_Somewhere_(book)" title="Somebody Somewhere (book)">Somebody Somewhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son-Rise:_The_Miracle_Continues" title="Son-Rise: The Miracle Continues">Son-Rise: The Miracle Continues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Son" title="Strange Son">Strange Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switched_On_(book)" title="Switched On (book)">Switched On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstrange_Minds" title="Unstrange Minds">Unstrange Minds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Incident_of_the_Dog_in_the_Night-Time" title="The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time">The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_John_(novel)" title="Dear John (novel)">Dear John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Rules_(novel)" title="House Rules (novel)">House Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockingbird_(Erskine_novel)" title="Mockingbird (Erskine novel)">Mockingbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Max" title="Saving Max">Saving Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_Dark" title="Speed of Dark">Speed of Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Winter_Journey_(novel)" title="The Winter Journey (novel)">The Winter Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/With_the_Light" title="With the Light">With the Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For younger people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Is_Different:_A_Book_for_Young_People_Who_Have_Brothers_or_Sisters_With_Autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Everybody Is Different: A Book for Young People Who Have Brothers or Sisters With Autism">Everybody Is Different: A Book for Young People Who Have Brothers or Sisters With Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian%27s_Walk:_A_Story_about_Autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian's Walk: A Story about Autism">Ian's Walk: A Story about Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_in_the_Real_World" title="Marcelo in the Real World">Marcelo in the Real World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage:_A_Love_Story" title="Rage: A Love Story">Rage: A Love Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_(novel)" title="Rules (novel)">Rules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_(journal)" title="Autism (journal)">Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_in_Adulthood" title="Autism in Adulthood">Autism in Adulthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Research" title="Autism Research">Autism Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Autism_and_Developmental_Disorders" title="Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders">Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Autism" title="Molecular Autism">Molecular Autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_in_Autism_Spectrum_Disorders" title="Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders">Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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