CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Alkaline material</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Alkaline material"> <meta name="keywords" content="Alkaline material"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Alkaline material" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Alkaline material"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2041</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Alkaline material</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2041</span> Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Hybrid Alkaline Cements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Abdollahnejad">Z. Abdollahnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Torgal"> P. Torgal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Barroso%20Aguiar"> J. Barroso Aguiar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Publications on the field of alkali-activated binders, state that this new material is likely to have high potential to become an alternative to Portland cement. Classical alkali-activated cements could be made more eco-efficient if the use of sodium silicate is avoided. Besides, most alkali-activated cements suffer from severe efflorescence originated by the fact that alkaline and/or soluble silicates that are added during processing cannot be totally consumed. This paper presents experimental results on hybrid alkaline cements. Compressive strength results and efflorescence’s observations show that the new mixes already analyzed are promising. SEM results show that no traditional porous ITZ was detected in these binders.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hybrid%20alkaline%20cements" title="Hybrid alkaline cements">Hybrid alkaline cements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compressive%20strength" title=" Compressive strength"> Compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Efflorescence" title=" Efflorescence"> Efflorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ITZ." title=" ITZ."> ITZ.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/compressive-strength-and-microstructure-of-hybrid-alkaline-cements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2040</span> One-Pot Facile Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene Synthesized from Paraphenylenediamine as Metal-Free Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Used for Alkaline Fuel Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leila%20Samiee">Leila Samiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Yadegari"> Amir Yadegari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saeedeh%20Tasharrofi"> Saeedeh Tasharrofi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the work presented here, nitrogen-doped graphene materials were synthesized and used as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions. Paraphenylenediamine was used as N precursor. The N-doped graphene was synthesized under hydrothermal treatment at 200°C. All the materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, for electrochemical evaluation of samples, Rotating Disk electrode (RDE) and Cyclic Voltammetry techniques (CV) were employed. The resulting material exhibits an outstanding catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as excellent resistance towards methanol crossover effects, indicating their promising potential as ORR electrocatalysts for alkaline fuel cells.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20fuel%20cell" title="Alkaline fuel cell">Alkaline fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metal-free%20catalyst" title=" metal-free catalyst"> metal-free catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=paraphenylenediamine." title=" paraphenylenediamine."> paraphenylenediamine.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/one-pot-facile-synthesis-of-n-doped-graphene-synthesized-from-paraphenylenediamine-as-metal-free-catalysts-for-the-oxygen-reduction-used-for-alkaline-fuel-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1742</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2039</span> Neutralization of Alkaline Waste-Waters using a Blend of Microorganisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rita%20Kumar">Rita Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alka%20Sharma"> Alka Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Purnima%20Dhall"> Purnima Dhall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Niha%20M.%20Kulshreshtha"> Niha M. Kulshreshtha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anil%20Kumar"> Anil Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficient operation of any biological treatment process requires pre-treatment of incompatible pollutants such as acids, bases, oil, toxic substances, etc. which hamper the treatment of other major components which are otherwise degradable. The pre-treatment of alkaline waste-waters, generated from various industries like textile, paper & pulp, potato-processing industries, etc., having a pH of 10 or higher, is essential. The pre-treatment, i.e., neutralization of such alkaline waste-waters can be achieved by chemical as well as biological means. However, the biological pretreatment offers better package over the chemical means by being safe and economical. The biological pre-treatment can be accomplished by using a blend of microorganisms able to withstand such harsh alkaline conditions. In the present study, for the proper pre-treatment of alkaline waste-waters, a package of alkalophilic bacteria is formulated to neutralise the alkaline pH of the industrial waste-waters. The developed microbial package is cost-effective as well as environmental friendly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alkaline" title="alkaline">alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alkalophilic%20bacteria" title=" alkalophilic bacteria"> alkalophilic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biological" title=" biological"> biological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pollutants" title=" pollutants"> pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=textile." title="textile.">textile.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/neutralization-of-alkaline-waste-waters-using-a-blend-of-microorganisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3096</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2038</span> Investigation of Compressive Strength of Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete Incorporated with Rice Husk Ash Using 12M Alkaline Activator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Festus%20A.%20Olutoge">Festus A. Olutoge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Akintunde"> Ahmed A. Akintunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anuoluwapo%20S.%20Kolade"> Anuoluwapo S. Kolade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aaron%20A.%20Chadee"> Aaron A. Chadee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jovanca%20Smith"> Jovanca Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Geopolymer concrete's (GPC) compressive strength was investigated. The GPC was incorporated with rice husk ash (RHA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), which may have potential in the construction industry to replace Portland limestone cement (PLC) concrete. The sustainable construction binders used were GGBFS and RHA, and a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate gel (Na2SiO3) was used as the 12-molar alkaline activator. Five GPC mixes comprising fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, GGBS, and RHA, and the alkaline solution in the ratio 2: 2.5: 1: 0.5, respectively, were prepared to achieve grade 40 concrete, and PLC was substituted with GGBFS and RHA in the ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. A control mix was also prepared which comprised of 100% water and 100% PLC as the cementitious material. The GPC mixes were thermally cured at 60-80 ºC in an oven for approximately 24 h. After curing for 7 and 28 days, the compressive strength test results of the hardened GPC samples showed that GPC-Mix #3, comprising 50% GGBFS and 50% RHA, was the most efficient geopolymer mix. The mix had compressive strengths of 35.71 MPa and 47.26 MPa, 19.87% and 8.69% higher than the PLC concrete samples, which had 29.79 MPa and 43.48 MPa after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Therefore, GPC containing GGBFS incorporated with RHA is an efficient method of decreasing the use of PLC in conventional concrete production and reducing the high amounts of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere in the construction industry.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20solution" title="Alkaline solution">Alkaline solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cementitious%20material" title=" cementitious material"> cementitious material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title=" geopolymer concrete"> geopolymer concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ground%20granulated%20blast%20furnace%20slag" title=" ground granulated blast furnace slag"> ground granulated blast furnace slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash." title=" rice husk ash."> rice husk ash.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/investigation-of-compressive-strength-of-slag-based-geopolymer-concrete-incorporated-with-rice-husk-ash-using-12m-alkaline-activator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2037</span> The Effect of Porous Alkali Activated Material Composition on Buffer Capacity in Bioreactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Bumanis">G. Bumanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Bajare"> D. Bajare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>With demand for primary energy continuously growing, search for renewable and efficient energy sources has been high on agenda of our society. One of the most promising energy sources is biogas technology. Residues coming from dairy industry and milk processing could be used in biogas production; however, low efficiency and high cost impede wide application of such technology. One of the main problems is management and conversion of organic residues through the anaerobic digestion process which is characterized by acidic environment due to the low whey pH (<6) whereas additional pH control system is required. Low buffering capacity of whey is responsible for the rapid acidification in biological treatments; therefore alkali activated material is a promising solution of this problem. Alkali activated material is formed using SiO2 and Al2O3 rich materials under highly alkaline solution. After material structure forming process is completed, free alkalis remain in the structure of materials which are available for leaching and could provide buffer capacity potential. In this research porous alkali activated material was investigated. Highly porous material structure ensures gradual leaching of alkalis during time which is important in biogas digestion process. Research of mixture composition and SiO2/Na2O and SiO2/Al2O ratio was studied to test the buffer capacity potential of alkali activated material. This research has proved that by changing molar ratio of components it is possible to obtain a material with different buffer capacity, and this novel material was seen to have considerable potential for using it in processes where buffer capacity and pH control is vitally important.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material" title="Alkaline material">Alkaline material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=buffer%20capacity" title=" buffer capacity"> buffer capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biogas%0D%0Aproduction." title=" biogas production."> biogas production.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/the-effect-of-porous-alkali-activated-material-composition-on-buffer-capacity-in-bioreactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2058</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2036</span> Determination of Alkaline Protease Production In Serratia Marcescens Sp7 Using Agro Wastes As Substrate Medium, Optimization Of Production Parameters And Purification Of The Enzyme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baby%20Joseph">Baby Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sankarganesh%20Palaniyandi"> Sankarganesh Palaniyandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The enzyme alkaline protease production was determined under solid state fermentation using the soil bacteria Serratia marcescens sp7. The maximum production was obtained from wheat bran medium than ground nut shell and chemically defined medium. The physiological fermentation factors such as pH of the medium (pH 8), Temperature (40oC) and incubation time (48 hrs) played a vital role in alkaline protease production in all the above. 100Mm NaCl has given better resolution during elution of the enzymes. The enzyme production was found to be associated with growth of the bacterial culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20protease" title="Alkaline protease">Alkaline protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wheat%20bran" title=" Wheat bran"> Wheat bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ground%20nut%20shell" title=" Ground nut shell"> Ground nut shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Serratia%20marcescens" title="Serratia marcescens">Serratia marcescens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/determination-of-alkaline-protease-production-in-serratia-marcescens-sp7-using-agro-wastes-as-substrate-medium-optimization-of-production-parameters-and-purification-of-the-enzyme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2035</span> Activities of Alkaline Phosphatase and Ca2+ATPase over the Molting Cycle of mud Crab (Scylla serrata)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Salaenoi">J. Salaenoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Thongpan"> A. Thongpan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Mingmuang"> M. Mingmuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The activities of alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+ATPase in mud crab (Scylla serrata) collected from a soft-shell crab farm in Chantaburi Province, Thailand, in several stages of molting cycle were observed. The results showed that the activity of alkaline phosphatase in gill after molting was highly significant (p<0.05) comparing to those at intermolt and premolt stages. The activity profiles of alkaline phosphatase in integument and haemolymph were similar showing a decrease from intermolt to 2- week premolt stage and increased during 2-day premolt to 6-h postmolt stage before dropping at 7-day postmolt stage, while this enzyme in the gill was quite low at intermolt and premolt stages. For Ca2+ATPase, the activity profiles in gill and integument corresponded to the molting variation, especially the activities increased during 5-7 day postmolt stage were at highly significant levels (p<0.05) comparing to those at premolt and early postmolt stages. The highest activity of Ca2+ATPase in haemolymph was found at 2-week premolt stage (p<0.05). Changes in alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+ATPase activities over the molting cycle clearly indicated their active functions on calcification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scylla%20serrata" title="Scylla serrata">Scylla serrata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=molting%20cycle" title=" molting cycle"> molting cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alkaline%20phosphatase" title=" alkaline phosphatase"> alkaline phosphatase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ca2%2BATPase" title=" Ca2+ATPase"> Ca2+ATPase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/activities-of-alkaline-phosphatase-and-ca2atpase-over-the-molting-cycle-of-mud-crab-scylla-serrata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2034</span> Measurement of Rainwater Chemical Composition in Malaysia based on Ion Chromatography Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.H.%20Khoon">S.H. Khoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.I.%20Issabayeva"> G.I. Issabayeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.W.%20Lee"> L.W. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air quality in Setapak district of Kuala Lumpur was studied by analysing the rainwater chemical composition using ion chromatography method. Twelve sampling sites were selected and 120 rainwater samples were collected in the period of 10 weeks. The results of this study were compared to the earlier published data and the evaluation showed that the NO3 - ion concentration increased from 0.41 to 3.32 ppm, while SO4 2- ion concentration increased from 0.39 to 3.26 ppm over the past two decades that is mostly due to rapid urban development of the city. However, it was found that the chemical composition for both residential and industrial areas does not have significant difference. Most of the rainwater samples showed alkaline pH (pH > 5.6). The possible factors for such alkaline pH in rainwater samples are assumed to be the marine sources, biomass burning and alkaline character of soil particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=acid%20deposition%3B%20atmospheric%20pollution%3B%20deposition%0Afluxes%3B%20trajectories" title="acid deposition; atmospheric pollution; deposition fluxes; trajectories">acid deposition; atmospheric pollution; deposition fluxes; trajectories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/measurement-of-rainwater-chemical-composition-in-malaysia-based-on-ion-chromatography-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2700</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2033</span> CO2 Sequestration Potential of Construction and Demolition Alkaline Waste Material in Indian Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.Anjali">G.Anjali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Bhavya"> M.Bhavya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.Arvind%20Kumar"> N.Arvind Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to avoid the potentially devastating consequences of global warming and climate change, the carbon dioxide “CO2" emissions caused due to anthropogenic activities must be reduced considerably. This paper presents the first study examining the feasibility of carbon sequestration in construction and demolition “C&D" waste. Experiments were carried out in a self fabricated Batch Reactor at 40ºC, relative humidity of 50-70%, and flow rate of CO2 at 10L/min for 1 hour for water-to-solids ratio of 0.2 to 1.2. The effect of surface area was found by comparing the theoretical extent of carbonation of two different sieve sizes (0.3mm and 2.36mm) of C&D waste. A 38.44% of the theoretical extent of carbonation equating to 4% CO2 sequestration extent was obtained for C&D waste sample for 0.3mm sieve size. Qualitative, quantitative and morphological analyses were done to validate carbonate formation using X-ray diffraction “X.R.D.," thermal gravimetric analysis “T.G.A., “X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy “X.R.F.," and scanning electron microscopy “S.E.M". <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20waste" title="Alkaline waste">Alkaline waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" construction and demolition waste"> construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CO2%20sequestration" title="CO2 sequestration">CO2 sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mineral%20carbonation." title=" mineral carbonation."> mineral carbonation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/co2-sequestration-potential-of-construction-and-demolition-alkaline-waste-material-in-indian-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2017</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2032</span> Optical Properties of Some A2BCl4 Type Chlorides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20H.%20Gahane">D. H. Gahane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20M.%20Bahirwar"> B. M. Bahirwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20V.%20Moharil"> S. V. Moharil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Efficient luminescence is reported for the first time in Eu2+ activated double Chlorides A2BCl4 (A=Alkali metal, B=Alkaline earth element). A simple wet-chemical preparation is described. Emission intensities are comparable to that of the commercial phosphor. Excitation covers near UV region. These phosphors may be useful for applications like solid state lighting, scintillation detectors and X-ray storage using photo-stimulable phosphors.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20Earth" title="Alkaline Earth">Alkaline Earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chloride" title=" Chloride"> Chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Luminescence." title=" Luminescence."> Luminescence.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/optical-properties-of-some-a2bcl4-type-chlorides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1801</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2031</span> Effects of Polymers and Alkaline on Recovery Improvement from Fractured Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Payam%20Parvasi">Payam Parvasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Sedaghat"> Mohammad Hossein Sedaghat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reza%20Janamiri"> Reza Janamiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Hatampour"> Amir Hatampour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, several ASP solutions were flooded into fractured models initially saturated with heavy oil at a constant flow rate and different geometrical characteristics of fracture. The ASP solutions are constituted from 2 polymers i.e. a synthetic polymer, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as well as a biopolymer, a surfactant and 2types of alkaline. The results showed that using synthetic hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer increases ultimate oil recovery; however, type of alkaline does not play a significant rule on oil recovery. In addition, position of the injection well respect to the fracture system has remarkable effects on ASP flooding. For instance increasing angle of fractures with mean flow direction causes more oil recovery and delays breakthrough time. This work can be accounted as a comprehensive survey on ASP flooding which considers most of effective factors in this chemical EOR method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ASP%20Flooding" title="ASP Flooding">ASP Flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractured%20System" title=" Fractured System"> Fractured System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Displacement" title=" Displacement"> Displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20Oil." title=" Heavy Oil."> Heavy Oil.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/effects-of-polymers-and-alkaline-on-recovery-improvement-from-fractured-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1833</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2030</span> Porous Ni and Ni-Co Electrodeposits for Alkaline Water Electrolysis – Energy Saving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Herraiz-Cardona">I. Herraiz-Cardona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Gonz%C3%A1lez-Buch"> C. González-Buch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Ortega"> E. Ortega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20P%C3%A9rez-Herranz"> V. Pérez-Herranz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Ant%C3%B3n"> J. García-Antón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is considered to be the most promising candidate as a future energy carrier. One of the most used technologies for the electrolytic hydrogen production is alkaline water electrolysis. However, due to the high energy requirements, the cost of hydrogen produced in such a way is high. In continuous search to improve this process using advanced electrocatalytic materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Ni type Raney and macro-porous Ni-Co electrodes were prepared on AISI 304 stainless steel substrates by electrodeposition. The developed electrodes were characterized by SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. HER on these electrodes was evaluated in 30 wt.% KOH solution by means of hydrogen discharge curves and galvanostatic tests. Results show that the developed electrodes present a most efficient behaviour for HER when comparing with the smooth Ni cathode. It has been reported a reduction in the energy consumption of the electrolysis cell of about 25% by using the developed coatings as cathodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20water%20electrolysis" title="Alkaline water electrolysis">Alkaline water electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porous%20nickel%20electrodes" title=" porous nickel electrodes"> porous nickel electrodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/porous-ni-and-ni-co-electrodeposits-for-alkaline-water-electrolysis-energy-saving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2029</span> Phenolic-Based Chemical Production from Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkaline Lignin over Fumed Silica Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Totong">S. Totong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Daorattanachai"> P. Daorattanachai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Laosiripojana"> N. Laosiripojana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Lignin depolymerization into phenolic-based chemicals is an interesting process for utilizing and upgrading a benefit and value of lignin. In this study, the depolymerization reaction was performed to convert alkaline lignin into smaller molecule compounds. Fumed SiO₂ was used as a catalyst to improve catalytic activity in lignin decomposition. The important parameters in depolymerization process (i.e., reaction temperature, reaction time, etc.) were also investigated. In addition, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), flame-ironized detector (GC-FID), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze and characterize the lignin products. It was found that fumed SiO₂ catalyst led the good catalytic activity in lignin depolymerization. The main products from catalytic depolymerization were guaiacol, syringol, vanillin, and phenols. Additionally, metal supported on fumed SiO₂ such as Cu/SiO₂ and Ni/SiO₂ increased the catalyst activity in terms of phenolic products yield.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20lignin" title="Alkaline lignin">Alkaline lignin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=catalytic" title=" catalytic"> catalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=depolymerization" title=" depolymerization"> depolymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fumed%20SiO2" title=" fumed SiO2"> fumed SiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phenolic-based%20chemicals." title=" phenolic-based chemicals. "> phenolic-based chemicals. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/phenolic-based-chemical-production-from-catalytic-depolymerization-of-alkaline-lignin-over-fumed-silica-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">863</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2028</span> Influence of Various Factors on Stability of CoSPc in LPG Sweetening Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Samadi%20Afshar">Ali Samadi Afshar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamed%20Harrafi"> Hamed Harrafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.M.Javad%20Gharib%20Zahedi"> S.M.Javad Gharib Zahedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> IFP Group Technology “Sulfrex process" was used in Iran-s South Pars Gas Complex Refineries for removing sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide, which uses sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine dispersed in alkaline solution as catalyst. In this technology, catalyst and alkaline solution were used circularly. However the stability of catalyst due to effect of some parameters would reduce with the running of the unit and therefore sweetening efficiency would be decreased. Hence, the aim of this research is study the factors effecting on the stability of catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sulfonated%20cobalt%20phthalocyanine" title="sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine">sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mercaptans" title=" mercaptans"> mercaptans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sulfur." title=" sulfur."> sulfur.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/influence-of-various-factors-on-stability-of-cospc-in-lpg-sweetening-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2027</span> Investigation of Multiple Material Gate Impact on Short Channel Effects and Reliability of Nanoscale SOI MOSFETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paniz%20Tafakori">Paniz Tafakori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Orouji"> Ali A. Orouji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the features of multiple material gate silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs are presented and compared with single material gate silicon-on-insulator MOSFET structures. The results indicate that the multiple material gate structures reduce short channel effects such as drain induce barrier lowering, hot electron effect and better current characteristics in comparison with single material structures <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Short-channel%20effects%20%28SCEs%29" title="Short-channel effects (SCEs)">Short-channel effects (SCEs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dual%20material%20gate%0A%28DMG%29" title=" Dual material gate (DMG)"> Dual material gate (DMG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Triple%20material%20gate%20%28TMG%29" title=" Triple material gate (TMG)"> Triple material gate (TMG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pentamerous%20material%20gate%0A%28PMG%29." title=" Pentamerous material gate (PMG)."> Pentamerous material gate (PMG).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/investigation-of-multiple-material-gate-impact-on-short-channel-effects-and-reliability-of-nanoscale-soi-mosfets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2006</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2026</span> The Optimal Design for Grip Force of Material Handling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Tawiwat">V. Tawiwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sarawut"> S. Sarawut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applied a mouse-s roller with a gripper to increase the efficiency for a gripper can learn to a material handling without slipping. To apply a gripper, we use the optimize principle to develop material handling by use a signal for checking a roller mouse that rotate or not. In case of the roller rotates means that the material slips. A gripper will slide to material handling until the roller will not rotate. As this experiment has test material handling for comparing a grip force that uses to material handling of the 10-human with the applied gripper. We can summarize that human exert the material handling more than the applied gripper. Because of the gripper can exert more befit to material handling than human and may be a minimum force to lift a material without slipping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimize" title="Optimize">Optimize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gripper" title=" Gripper"> Gripper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mouse%27s%20Roller" title=" Mouse's Roller"> Mouse's Roller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minimum%20Force." title=" Minimum Force."> Minimum Force.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/the-optimal-design-for-grip-force-of-material-handling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2025</span> Selection of Material for Gear Used in Fuel Pump Using Graph Theory and Matrix Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sahil">Sahil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajeev%20Saha"> Rajeev Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar"> Sanjeev Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Material selection is one of the key issues for the production of reliable and quality products in industries. A number of materials are available for a single product due to which material selection become a difficult task. The aim of this paper is to select appropriate material for gear used in fuel pump by using Graph Theory and Matrix Approach (GTMA). GTMA is a logical and systematic approach that can be used to model and analyze various engineering systems. In present work, four alternative material and their seven attributes are used to identify the best material for given product.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Material" title="Material">Material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GTMA" title=" GTMA"> GTMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MADM" title=" MADM"> MADM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=digraph" title=" digraph"> digraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decision%20making." title=" decision making."> decision making.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/selection-of-material-for-gear-used-in-fuel-pump-using-graph-theory-and-matrix-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1030</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2024</span> Transfer Function of Piezoelectric Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Worakitjaroenphon">C. Worakitjaroenphon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Oonsivilai"> A. Oonsivilai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of piezoelectric material in the past was in T-Domain form; however, no one has studied piezoelectric material in the S-Domain form. This paper will present the piezoelectric material in the transfer function or S-Domain model. S-Domain is a well known mathematical model, used for analyzing the stability of the material and determining the stability limits. By using S-Domain in testing stability of piezoelectric material, it will provide a new tool for the scientific world to study this material in various forms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piezoelectric" title="Piezoelectric">Piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stability" title=" Stability"> Stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S-Domain" title=" S-Domain"> S-Domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Transfer%20function" title=" Transfer function"> Transfer function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/transfer-function-of-piezoelectric-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3866</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2023</span> Optimization of NaOH Thermo-Chemical Pretreatment to Enhance Solubilisation of Organic Food Waste by Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Junoh">H. Junoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Palanisamy"> K. Palanisamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20H.%20Yip"> C. H. Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20L.%20Pua"> F. L. Pua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study investigates the influence of low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of organic food waste on performance of COD solubilisation. Both temperature and alkaline agent were reported to have effect on solubilizing any possible biomass including organic food waste. The three independent variables considered in this pretreatment were temperature (50-90oC), pretreatment time (30-120 minutes) and alkaline concentration, sodium hydroxide, NaOH (0.7-15 g/L). The maximal condition obtained were 90oC, 15 g/L NaOH for 2 hours. Solubilisation has potential in enhancing methane production by providing high amount of soluble components at early stage during anaerobic digestion.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Food%20waste" title="Food waste">Food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pretreatments" title=" pretreatments"> pretreatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=respond%20surface%0D%0Amethodology" title=" respond surface methodology"> respond surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion." title=" anaerobic digestion."> anaerobic digestion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/optimization-of-naoh-thermo-chemical-pretreatment-to-enhance-solubilisation-of-organic-food-waste-by-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2022</span> Extraction of Bran Protein Using Enzymes and Polysaccharide Precipitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sudarat%20Jiamyangyuen">Sudarat Jiamyangyuen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tipawan%20Thongsook"> Tipawan Thongsook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Riantong%20Singanusong"> Riantong Singanusong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chanida%20Saengtubtim"> Chanida Saengtubtim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice bran is normally used as a raw material for rice bran oil production or sold as feed with a low price. Conventionally, the protein in defatted rice bran was extracted using alkaline extraction and acid precipitation, which involves in chemical usage and lowering some nutritious component. This study was conducted in order to extract of rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC) from defatted rice bran using enzymes and employing polysaccharides in a precipitating step. The properties of RBPC obtained will be compared to those of a control sample extracted using a conventional method. The results showed that extraction of protein from rice bran using enzymes exhibited the higher protein recovery compared to that extraction with alkaline. The extraction conditions using alcalase 2% (v/w) at 50 C, pH 9.5 gave the highest protein (2.44%) and yield (32.09%) in extracted solution compared to other enzymes. Rice bran protein concentrate powder prepared by a precipitation step using alginate (protein in solution: alginate 1:0.016) exhibited the highest protein (27.55%) and yield (6.84%). Precipitation using alginate was better than that of acid. RBPC extracted with alkaline (ALK) or enzyme alcalase (ALC), then precipitated with alginate (AL) (samples RBP-ALK-AL and RBP-ALC-AL) yielded the precipitation rate of 75% and 91.30%, respectively. Therefore, protein precipitation using alginate was then selected. Amino acid profile of control sample, and sample precipitated with alginate, as compared to casein and soy protein isolated, showed that control sample showed the highest content among all sample. Functional property study of RBP showed that the highest nitrogen solubility occurred in pH 8-10. There was no statically significant between emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of control and sample precipitated by alginate. However, control sample showed a higher of foaming capacity and foaming stability compared to those of sample precipitated with alginate. The finding was successful in terms of minimizing chemicals used in extraction and precipitation steps in preparation of rice bran protein concentrate. This research involves in a production of value-added product in which the double amount of protein (28%) compared to original amount (14%) contained in rice bran could be beneficial in terms of adding to food products e.g. healthy drink with high protein and fiber. In addition, the basic knowledge of functional property of rice bran protein concentrate was obtained, which can be used to appropriately select the application of this value-added product from rice bran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alginate" title="Alginate">Alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrageenan" title=" carrageenan"> carrageenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rice%20bran" title=" rice bran"> rice bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rice%20bran%20protein." title=" rice bran protein."> rice bran protein.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/extraction-of-bran-protein-using-enzymes-and-polysaccharide-precipitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2667</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2021</span> A Failure Analysis Tool for HDD Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Kumjeera">C. Kumjeera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Unchim"> T. Unchim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Marungsri"> B. Marungsri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Oonsivilai"> A. Oonsivilai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The study of piezoelectric material in the past was in T-Domain form; however, no one has studied piezoelectric material in the S-Domain form. This paper will present the piezoelectric material in the transfer function or S-Domain model. S-Domain is a well known mathematical model, used for analyzing the stability of the material and determining the stability limits. By using S-Domain in testing stability of piezoelectric material, it will provide a new tool for the scientific world to study this material in various forms.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hard%20disk%20drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=failure%20analysis" title=" failure analysis"> failure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tool" title=" tool"> tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/a-failure-analysis-tool-for-hdd-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2751</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2020</span> Effect on Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Yellow Noodles Substituted with Different Levels of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Pericarp Powder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mardiana%20Ahamad%20Zabidi">Mardiana Ahamad Zabidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurain%20Abdul%20Karim"> Nurain Abdul Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Shazrinna%20Sazali"> Nur Shazrinna Sazali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) pericarp is considered as agricultural waste and not fully utilized in food products. It is widely reported that mangosteen pericarp contains high antioxidant properties. The objective of this study is to develop novel yellow alkaline noodle (YAN) substituted with different levels of mangosteen pericarp powder (MPP). YAN formulation was substituted with different levels of MPP (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). The effect on nutritional and antioxidant properties was evaluated. Higher substitution levels of MPP resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) of ash, fibre, specific mineral elements and antioxidant properties (total phenolic, total flavonoid, anthocyanin and DPPH) than control sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yellow%20alkaline%20noodle" title="Yellow alkaline noodle">Yellow alkaline noodle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mangosteen%20pericarp%0D%0Apowder" title=" mangosteen pericarp powder"> mangosteen pericarp powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proximate%20composition" title=" proximate composition"> proximate composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=antioxidant%20properties." title=" antioxidant properties."> antioxidant properties.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/effect-on-nutritional-and-antioxidant-properties-of-yellow-noodles-substituted-with-different-levels-of-mangosteen-garcinia-mangostana-pericarp-powder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2690</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2019</span> The Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Tensile Strength and Morphological Properties of Kenaf Fibres for Yarn Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Khalina">A. Khalina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Shaharuddin"> K. Shaharuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20S.%20Wahab"> M. S. Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20P.%20Saiman"> M. P. Saiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20A.%20Aisyah"> H. A. Aisyah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the effect of alkali treatment and mechanical properties of kenaf (<em>Hibiscus cannabinus</em>) fibre for the development of yarn. Two different fibre sources are used for the yarn production. Kenaf fibres were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the concentration of 3, 6, 9, and 12% prior to fibre opening process and tested for their tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Then, the selected fibres were introduced to fibre opener at three different opening processing parameters; namely, speed of roller feeder, small drum, and big drum. The diameter size, surface morphology, and fibre durability towards machine of the fibres were characterized. The results show that concentrations of NaOH used have greater effects on fibre mechanical properties. From this study, the tensile and modulus properties of the treated fibres for both types have improved significantly as compared to untreated fibres, especially at the optimum level of 6% NaOH. It is also interesting to highlight that 6% NaOH is the optimum concentration for the alkaline treatment. The untreated and treated fibres at 6% NaOH were then introduced to fibre opener, and it was found that the treated fibre produced higher fibre diameter with better surface morphology compared to the untreated fibre. Higher speed parameter during opening was found to produce higher yield of opened-kenaf fibres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20treatment" title="Alkaline treatment">Alkaline treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kenaf%20fibre" title=" Kenaf fibre"> Kenaf fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tensile%20strength" title=" Tensile strength"> Tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yarn%20production." title=" Yarn production."> Yarn production.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/the-effect-of-alkaline-treatment-on-tensile-strength-and-morphological-properties-of-kenaf-fibres-for-yarn-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2018</span> Investigation of Utilization Possibility of Fluid Gas Desulfurization Waste for Industrial Waste Water Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1ltas%20Demir">S. Kızıltas Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun"> E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD) is a waste material arouse from coal power plants. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biomaterial with porous structure. In this study, FGD gypsum which retrieved from coal power plant in Turkey was characterized and HAP particles which can be used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment application were synthesized from the FGD gypsum. The raw materials are characterized by using X Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques and produced HAP are characterized by using XRD. As a result, HAP particles were synthesized at the molar ratio of 5:10, 5:15, 5:20, 5:24, at room temperature, in alkaline medium (pH=11) and in 1 hour-reaction time. Among these conditions, 5:20 had the best result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FGD%20wastes" title="FGD wastes">FGD wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HAP" title=" HAP"> HAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gypsum" title=" gypsum"> gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wastewater." title=" wastewater."> wastewater.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/investigation-of-utilization-possibility-of-fluid-gas-desulfurization-waste-for-industrial-waste-water-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2017</span> Compost quality Management by Adding Sulfuric Acid and Alkaline Wastewater of Paper Mill as two Amendments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Alipour">Hamid Reza Alipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Mohammadi%20Torkashvand"> Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In composting process, N high-organic wastes loss the great part of its nitrogen as ammonia; therefore, using compost amendments can promote the quality of compost due to the decrease in ammonia volatilization. With regard to the effect of pH on composting, microorganisms- activity and ammonia volatilization, sulfuric acid and alkaline wastewater of paper mill (as liming agent with Ca and Mg ions) were used as compost amendments. Study results indicated that these amendments are suitable for reclamation of compost quality properties. These held nitrogen in compost caused to reduce C/N ratio. Both amendments had a significant effect on total nitrogen, but it should be used sulfuric acid in fewer amounts (20 ml/kg fresh organic wastes); and the more amounts of acid is not proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compost" title="Compost">Compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paper%20mill%20wastewater" title=" Paper mill wastewater"> Paper mill wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sulfuric%20acid" title=" sulfuric acid"> sulfuric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ammonia%20Volatilization." title=" Ammonia Volatilization."> Ammonia Volatilization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/compost-quality-management-by-adding-sulfuric-acid-and-alkaline-wastewater-of-paper-mill-as-two-amendments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1882</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2016</span> Material Selection for Footwear Insole Using Analytical Hierarchal Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Almomani">Mohammed A. Almomani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dina%20W.%20Al-Qudah"> Dina W. Al-Qudah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Product performance depends on the type and quality of its building material. Successful product must be made using high quality material, and using the right methods. Many foot problems took place as a result of using poor insole material. Therefore, selecting a proper insole material is crucial to eliminate these problems. In this study, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to provide a systematic procedure for choosing the best material adequate for this application among three material alternatives (polyurethane, poron, and plastzote). Several comparison criteria are used to build the AHP model including: density, stiffness, durability, energy absorption, and ease of fabrication. Poron was selected as the best choice. Inconsistency testing indicates that the model is reasonable, and the materials alternative ranking is effective.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Materials%20selection" title="Materials selection">Materials selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biomedical%20insole" title=" biomedical insole"> biomedical insole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=footwear%20insole" title=" footwear insole"> footwear insole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AHP." title=" AHP. "> AHP. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/material-selection-for-footwear-insole-using-analytical-hierarchal-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2015</span> Binary Programming for Manufacturing Material and Manufacturing Process Selection Using Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saleem%20Z.%20Ramadan">Saleem Z. Ramadan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The material selection problem is concerned with the determination of the right material for a certain product to optimize certain performance indices in that product such as mass, energy density, and power-to-weight ratio. This paper is concerned about optimizing the selection of the manufacturing process along with the material used in the product under performance indices and availability constraints. In this paper, the material selection problem is formulated using binary programming and solved by genetic algorithm. The objective function of the model is to minimize the total manufacturing cost under performance indices and material and manufacturing process availability constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title="Optimization">Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Material%20selection" title=" Material selection"> Material selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Process%20selection" title=" Process selection"> Process selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20algorithm." title=" Genetic algorithm."> Genetic algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/binary-programming-for-manufacturing-material-and-manufacturing-process-selection-using-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2014</span> Comparative Study on the Effect of Substitution of Li and Mg Instead of Ca on Structural and Biological Behaviors of Silicate Bioactive Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alireza%20Arab">Alireza Arab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Elsa"> Morteza Elsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amirhossein%20Moghanian"> Amirhossein Moghanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, experiments were carried out to achieve a promising multifunctional and modified silicate based bioactive glass (BG). The main aim of the study was investigating the effect of lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg) substitution, on <em>in vitro</em> bioactivity of substituted-58S BG. Moreover, it is noteworthy to state that modified BGs were synthesized in 60SiO<sub>2</sub>–(36-x)CaO–4P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–(x)Li<sub>2</sub>O and 60SiO<sub>2</sub>–(36-x)CaO–4P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–(x)MgO (where x = 0, 5, 10 mol.%) quaternary systems, by sol-gel method. Their performance was investigated through different aspects such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity as well as their effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and proliferation of MC3T3 cells. The antibacterial efficiency was evaluated against methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteria. To do so, CaO was substituted with Li<sub>2</sub>O and MgO up to 10 mol % in 58S-BGs and then samples were immersed in simulated body fluid up to 14 days and then, characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that this modification led to a retarding effect on <em>in vitro</em> hydroxyapatite (HA) formation due to the lower supersaturation degree for nucleation of HA compared with 58s-BG. Meanwhile, magnesium revealed further pronounced effect. The 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and ALP analysis illustrated that substitutions of both Li<sub>2</sub>O and MgO, up to 5 mol %, had increasing effect on biocompatibility and stimulating proliferation of the pre-osteoblast MC3T3 cells in comparison to the control specimen. Regarding to bactericidal efficiency, the substitution of either Li or Mg for Ca in the 58s BG composition led to statistically significant difference in antibacterial behaviors of substituted-BGs. Meanwhile, the sample containing 5 mol % CaO/Li<sub>2</sub>O substitution (BG-5L) was selected as a multifunctional biomaterial in bone repair/regeneration due to the improved biocompatibility, enhanced ALP activity and antibacterial efficiency among all of the synthesized L-BGs and M-BGs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline" title="Alkaline">Alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alkaline%20earth" title=" alkaline earth"> alkaline earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bioactivity" title=" bioactivity"> bioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sol-gel%20processes." title=" sol-gel processes."> sol-gel processes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/comparative-study-on-the-effect-of-substitution-of-li-and-mg-instead-of-ca-on-structural-and-biological-behaviors-of-silicate-bioactive-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2013</span> Distribution and Characterization of Thermal Springs in Northern Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahad%20Al%20Shidi">Fahad Al Shidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reginald%20Victor"> Reginald Victor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was conducted in Northern Oman to assess the physical and chemical characteristics of 40 thermal springs distributed in Al Hajar Mountains in northern Oman. Physical measurements of water samples were carried out in two main seasons in Oman (winter and summer 2019). Studied springs were classified into three groups based on water temperature, four groups based on water pH values and two groups based on conductivity. Ten thermal alkaline springs that originated in Ophiolite (Samail Napp) were dominated by high pH (> 11), elevated concentration of Cl- and Na+ ions, relatively low temperature and discharge ratio. Other springs in the Hajar Super Group massif recorded high concentrations of Ca<sup>2</sup>+ and SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> ions controlled by rock dominance, geochemistry processes, and mineralization. There was only one spring which has brackish water with very high conductivity (5500 µs/cm) and Total Dissolved Solids and it is not suitable for irrigation purposes because of the high abundance of Na+, Cl−, and Ca<sup>2</sup>+ ions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20springs" title="Alkaline springs">Alkaline springs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geothermal" title=" geothermal"> geothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hajar%20Super%20Group" title=" Hajar Super Group"> Hajar Super Group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Northern%20Oman" title=" Northern Oman"> Northern Oman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ophiolite." title=" ophiolite."> ophiolite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/distribution-and-characterization-of-thermal-springs-in-northern-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2012</span> Characteristic on Compressive Strength of Blast Slag and Fly Ash Hybrid Geopolymer Mortar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20S.%20Ryu">G. S. Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20T.%20Koh"> K. T. Koh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Y.%20Kim"> H. Y. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20H.%20An"> G. H. An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20W.%20Seo"> D. W. Seo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Geopolymer mortar is produced by alkaline activation of pozzolanic materials such as fly ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA). Its unique reaction pathway facilitates rapid strength development in comparison with hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymer can be fabricated using various types and dosages of alkali-activator, which effectively gives a wider control over the performance of the final product. The present study investigates the effect of types of precursors and curing conditions on the fresh state and strength development characteristics of geopolymers, thereby comparatively exploring the effect of precursors from various sources of origin. The obtained result showed that the setting time and strength development of the specimens with the identical mix proportion but different precursors displayed significant variations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkali-activated%20material" title="Alkali-activated material">Alkali-activated material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blast%20furnace%20slag" title=" blast furnace slag"> blast furnace slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flowability" title=" Flowability"> Flowability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strength%20development." title=" strength development. "> strength development. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/characteristic-on-compressive-strength-of-blast-slag-and-fly-ash-hybrid-geopolymer-mortar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1267</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=68">68</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=69">69</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20material&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>