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faults</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: catastrophic faults"> <meta name="keywords" content="catastrophic faults"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="catastrophic faults"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 519</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: catastrophic faults</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Time Parameter Based for the Detection of Catastrophic Faults in Analog Circuits </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabi%20Abderrazak">Arabi Abderrazak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bourouba%20Nacerdine"> Bourouba Nacerdine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayad%20Mouloud"> Ayad Mouloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belaout%20Abdeslam"> Belaout Abdeslam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new test technique of analog circuits using time mode simulation is proposed for the single catastrophic faults detection in analog circuits. This test process is performed to overcome the problem of catastrophic faults being escaped in a DC mode test applied to the inverter amplifier in previous research works. The circuit under test is a second-order low pass filter constructed around this type of amplifier but performing a function that differs from that of the previous test. The test approach performed in this work is based on two key- elements where the first one concerns the unique square pulse signal selected as an input vector test signal to stimulate the fault effect at the circuit output response. The second element is the filter response conversion to a square pulses sequence obtained from an analog comparator. This signal conversion is achieved through a fixed reference threshold voltage of this comparison circuit. The measurement of the three first response signal pulses durations is regarded as fault effect detection parameter on one hand, and as a fault signature helping to hence fully establish an analog circuit fault diagnosis on another hand. The results obtained so far are very promising since the approach has lifted up the fault coverage ratio in both modes to over 90% and has revealed the harmful side of faults that has been masked in a DC mode test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20circuits" title="analog circuits">analog circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20faults%20diagnosis" title=" analog faults diagnosis"> analog faults diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20faults" title=" catastrophic faults"> catastrophic faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38309/time-parameter-based-for-the-detection-of-catastrophic-faults-in-analog-circuits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> The Effect of Catastrophic Losses on Insurance Cycle: Case of Croatia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drago%20Jakov%C4%8Devi%C4%87">Drago Jakovčević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Mihelja%20%C5%BDaja"> Maja Mihelja Žaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides an analysis of the insurance cycle in the Republic of Croatia and whether they are affected by catastrophic losses on a global level. In general, it is considered that insurance cycles are particularly pronounced in periods of financial crisis, but are also affected by the growing number of catastrophic losses. They cause the change of insurance cycle and premium growth and intensification and narrowing of the coverage conditions, so these variables move in the same direction and these phenomena point to a new cycle. The main goal of this paper is to determine the existence of insurance cycle in the Republic of Croatia and investigate whether catastrophic losses have an influence on insurance cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20loss" title="catastrophic loss">catastrophic loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20cycle" title=" insurance cycle"> insurance cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premium" title=" premium"> premium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Republic%20of%20Croatia" title=" Republic of Croatia"> Republic of Croatia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7784/the-effect-of-catastrophic-losses-on-insurance-cycle-case-of-croatia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> The Complexity of Testing Cryptographic Devices on Input Faults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alisher%20Ikramov">Alisher Ikramov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gayrat%20Juraev"> Gayrat Juraev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production of logic devices faces the occurrence of faults during manufacturing. This work analyses the complexity of testing a special type of logic device on inverse, adhesion, and constant input faults. The focus of this work is on devices that implement cryptographic functions. The complexity values for the general case faults and for some frequently occurring subsets were determined and proved in this work. For a special case, when the length of the text block is equal to the length of the key block, the complexity of testing is proven to be asymptotically half the complexity of testing all logic devices on the same types of input faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptographic%20devices" title=" cryptographic devices"> cryptographic devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20faults" title=" input faults"> input faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing" title=" testing"> testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138485/the-complexity-of-testing-cryptographic-devices-on-input-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> A New Method for Fault Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Hakan%20Karaata">Mehmet Hakan Karaata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hamdan"> Ali Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Yusuf%20Adam%20Mohamed"> Omer Yusuf Adam Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consider a distributed system that delivers messages from a process to another. Such a system is often required to deliver each message to its destination regardless of whether or not the system components experience arbitrary forms of faults. In addition, each message received by the destination must be a message sent by a system process. In this paper, we first identify the necessary and sufficient conditions to detect some restricted form of Byzantine faults referred to as modifying Byzantine faults. An observable form of a Byzantine fault whose effect is limited to the modification of a message metadata or content, timing and omission faults, and message replay is referred to as a modifying Byzantine fault. We then present a distributed protocol to detect modifying Byzantine faults using optimal number of messages over node-disjoint paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byzantine%20faults" title="Byzantine faults">Byzantine faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20systems" title=" distributed systems"> distributed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20protocols" title=" network protocols"> network protocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node-disjoint%20paths" title=" node-disjoint paths"> node-disjoint paths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21437/a-new-method-for-fault-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Fault Diagnosis of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor by a Neural Network Multi-Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahia.%20Kourd">Yahia. Kourd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Guersi%20D.%20Lefebvre"> N. Guersi D. Lefebvre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose to study the faults diagnosis in squirrel-cage induction motor using MLP neural networks. We use neural healthy and faulty models of the behavior in order to detect and isolate some faults in machine. In the first part of this work, we have created a neural model for the healthy state using Matlab and a motor located in LGEB by acquirins data inputs and outputs of this engine. Then we detected the faults in the machine by residual generation. These residuals are not sufficient to isolate the existing faults. For this reason, we proposed additive neural networks to represent the faulty behaviors. From the analysis of these residuals and the choice of a threshold we propose a method capable of performing the detection and diagnosis of some faults in asynchronous machines with squirrel cage rotor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults%20diagnosis" title="faults diagnosis">faults diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-models" title=" multi-models"> multi-models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squirrel-cage%20induction%20motor" title=" squirrel-cage induction motor"> squirrel-cage induction motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8200/fault-diagnosis-of-squirrel-cage-induction-motor-by-a-neural-network-multi-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Modifying Byzantine Fault Detection Using Disjoint Paths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Hakan%20Karaata">Mehmet Hakan Karaata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hamdan"> Ali Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Yusuf%20Adam%20Mohamed"> Omer Yusuf Adam Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consider a distributed system that delivers messages from a process to another. Such a system is often required to deliver each message to its destination regardless of whether or not the system components experience arbitrary forms of faults. In addition, each message received by the destination must be a message sent by a system process. In this paper, we first identify the necessary and sufficient conditions to detect some restricted form of Byzantine faults referred to as modifying Byzantine faults. An observable form of a Byzantine fault whose effect is limited to the modification of a message metadata or content, timing and omission faults, and message replay is referred to as a modifying Byzantine fault. We then present a distributed protocol to detect modifying Byzantine faults using optimal number of messages over node-disjoint paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byzantine%20faults" title="Byzantine faults">Byzantine faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20systems" title=" distributed systems"> distributed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20pro-%20tocols" title=" network pro- tocols"> network pro- tocols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node-disjoint%20paths" title=" node-disjoint paths"> node-disjoint paths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30672/modifying-byzantine-fault-detection-using-disjoint-paths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Analysis of an High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Connection Using a Real-Time Simulator Under Various Disturbances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mankour%20Mohamed">Mankour Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miloudi%20Mohamed"> Miloudi Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A thorough and accurate simulation is necessary for the study of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link system during various types of disturbances, including internal faults on both converters, either on the rectifier or on the inverter, as well as external faults, such as AC or DC faults on both converter sides inside the DC link party. In this study, we examine how an HVDC inverter responds to three different types of failures, including faults at the inverter valve, system control faults, and single-phase-to-ground AC faults at the sending end of the inverter side. As this phenomenon represents the most frequent problem that may affect inverter valves, particularly those based on thyristor valves (LCC (line-Commutated converter)), it is more precise to explore which circumstance generates and raises the commutation failure on inverter valves. Because of the techniques used to accelerate the simulation, digital real-time simulators are now the most potent tools that provide simulation results. The real-time-lab RT-LAB platform HYPERSIM OP-5600 is used to implement the Simulation in the Loop (SIL) technique, which is used to validate the results. It is demonstrated how to recover from both the internal faults and the AC problem. The simulation findings show how crucial a role the control system plays in fault recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersim%20simulator" title="hypersim simulator">hypersim simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVDC%20systems" title=" HVDC systems"> HVDC systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mono-polar%20link" title=" mono-polar link"> mono-polar link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20faults" title=" AC faults"> AC faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misfiring%20faults" title=" misfiring faults"> misfiring faults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158559/analysis-of-an-high-voltage-direct-current-hvdc-connection-using-a-real-time-simulator-under-various-disturbances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Multiple Fault Detection and Classification in a Coupled Motor with Rotor Using Artificial Neural Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Nouri%20Khajavi">Mehrdad Nouri Khajavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gollamhassan%20%20Payganeh"> Gollamhassan Payganeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Fallah%20Tafti"> Mohsen Fallah Tafti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fault diagnosis is an important aspect of maintaining rotating machinery health and increasing productivity. Many researches has been done in this regards. Many faults such as unbalance, misalignment, looseness, bearing faults, etc. have been considered and diagnosed with different techniques. Most of the researches in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery deal with single fault. Where as in reality faults usually occur simultaneously and it is, therefore, necessary to recognize them at the same time. In this research, two of the most common faults namely unbalance and misalignment have been considered simultaneously with different intensity and then identified and classified with the use of Multi-Layer Perception Neural Network (MLPNN). Processed Vibration signals are used as the input to the MLPNN, and the class of mixed unbalancy, and misalignment is the output of the NN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalance" title="unbalance">unbalance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20misalignment" title=" parallel misalignment"> parallel misalignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20faults" title=" combined faults"> combined faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20signals" title=" vibration signals"> vibration signals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59244/multiple-fault-detection-and-classification-in-a-coupled-motor-with-rotor-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Presentation of HVA Faults in SONELGAZ Underground Network and Methods of Faults Diagnostic and Faults Location</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Toua%D1%97bia">I. Touaїbia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Azzag"> E. Azzag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Narjes"> O. Narjes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power supply networks are growing continuously and their reliability is getting more important than ever. The complexity of the whole network comprises numerous components that can fail and interrupt the power supply for the end user. Underground distribution systems are normally exposed to permanent faults, due to specific construction characteristics. In these systems, visual inspection cannot be performed. In order to enhance service restoration, accurate fault location techniques must be applied. This paper describes the different faults that affect the underground distribution system of SONELGAZ (National Society of Electricity and Gas of Algeria), and cable fault location procedure with impulse reflection method (TDR), based in the analyses of the cable response of the electromagnetic impulse, allows cable fault prelocation. The results are obtained from real test in the underground distribution feeder from electrical network of energy distribution company of Souk-Ahras, in order to know the influence of cable characteristics in the types and frequency of faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20networks" title="distribution networks">distribution networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20location" title=" fault location"> fault location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDR" title=" TDR"> TDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20cable" title=" underground cable"> underground cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13416/presentation-of-hva-faults-in-sonelgaz-underground-network-and-methods-of-faults-diagnostic-and-faults-location" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Microseismicity of the Tehran Region Based on Three Seismic Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamileh%20Vasheghani%20Farahani">Jamileh Vasheghani Farahani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this research is to show the current active faults and active tectonic of the area by three seismic networks in Tehran region: 1-Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO), 2-Broadband Iranian National Seismic Network Center (BIN), 3-Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC). In this study, we analyzed microearthquakes happened in Tehran city and its surroundings using the Tehran networks from 1996 to 2015. We found some active faults and trends in the region. There is a 200-year history of historical earthquakes in Tehran. Historical and instrumental seismicity show that the east of Tehran is more active than the west. The Mosha fault in the North of Tehran is one of the active faults of the central Alborz. Moreover, other major faults in the region are Kahrizak, Eyvanakey, Parchin and North Tehran faults. An important seismicity region is an intersection of the Mosha and North Tehran fault systems (Kalan village in Lavasan). This region shows a cluster of microearthquakes. According to the historical and microseismic events analyzed in this research, there is a seismic gap in SE of Tehran. The empirical relationship is used to assess the Mmax based on the rupture length. There is a probability of occurrence of a strong motion of 7.0 to 7.5 magnitudes in the region (based on the assessed capability of the major faults such as Parchin and Eyvanekey faults and historical earthquakes). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20faults" title=" major faults"> major faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microseismicity" title=" microseismicity"> microseismicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran" title=" Tehran"> Tehran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47005/microseismicity-of-the-tehran-region-based-on-three-seismic-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Faults Diagnosis by Thresholding and Decision tree with Neuro-Fuzzy System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kourd">Y. Kourd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lefebvre"> D. Lefebvre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The monitoring of industrial processes is required to ensure operating conditions of industrial systems through automatic detection and isolation of faults. This paper proposes a method of fault diagnosis based on a neuro-fuzzy hybrid structure. This hybrid structure combines the selection of threshold and decision tree. The validation of this method is obtained with the DAMADICS benchmark. In the first phase of the method, a model will be constructed that represents the normal state of the system to fault detection. Signatures of the faults are obtained with residuals analysis and selection of appropriate thresholds. These signatures provide groups of non-separable faults. In the second phase, we build faulty models to see the flaws in the system that cannot be isolated in the first phase. In the latest phase we construct the tree that isolates these faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title="decision tree">decision tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residuals%20analysis" title=" residuals analysis"> residuals analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26932/faults-diagnosis-by-thresholding-and-decision-tree-with-neuro-fuzzy-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Voltage Sag Characteristics during Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Binas">Ioannis Binas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marios%20Moschakis"> Marios Moschakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical faults in transmission and distribution networks can have great impact on the electrical equipment used. Fault effects depend on the characteristics of the fault as well as the network itself. It is important to anticipate the network’s behavior during faults when planning a new equipment installation, as well as troubleshooting. Moreover, working backwards, we could be able to estimate the characteristics of the fault when checking the perceived effects. Different transformer winding connections dominantly used in the Greek power transfer and distribution networks and the effects of 1-phase to neutral, phase-to-phase, 2-phases to neutral and 3-phase faults on different locations of the network were simulated in order to present voltage sag characteristics. The study was performed on a generic network with three steps down transformers on two voltage level buses (one 150 kV/20 kV transformer and two 20 kV/0.4 kV). We found that during faults, there are significant changes both on voltage magnitudes and on phase angles. The simulations and short-circuit analysis were performed using the PSCAD simulation package. This paper presents voltage characteristics calculated for the simulated network, with different approaches on the transformer winding connections during symmetrical and asymmetrical faults on various locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phase%20angle%20shift" title="Phase angle shift">Phase angle shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title=" power quality"> power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer%20winding%20connections" title=" transformer winding connections"> transformer winding connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20sag%20propagation" title=" voltage sag propagation"> voltage sag propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123004/voltage-sag-characteristics-during-symmetrical-and-asymmetrical-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Seismic Hazard Response of Bhairabi-Sairang Tunnel Due to the Effect of Faulting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauhidur%20Rahman">Tauhidur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhrajit%20Pathak"> Subhrajit Pathak </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, structural response of Bhairabi-Sairang Tunnel due to presence of seismic faults has been thoroughly examined. There may be several active faults located in and around the project. Faults are the key seismic sources from where earthquakes are originated. The magnitude of earthquake will depend on the length of the fault. A long fault more than 200 km can produce earthquake of magnitude (Mw ) more than 8.0 and smaller length less than 10 km will produce small magnitude earthquake. Now-a-days it is very much essential to identify the distance and length of a fault from the project site. Based on this, in the present paper, a case study of the Bhairabi Sairang Tunnel of 1.73 Km length located in the North Eastern Region of India has been selected to calculate the seismic hazard from the surrounding effect of faults. A comparative study of seismic hazard at the tunnel site has been made based on the location of faults with the seismic hazard obtained from the Indian Standards code of Practice. In this paper, a practical problem of a tunnel has been analysed based on the available faults around the project site accounting the soil factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20hazard" title="seismic hazard">seismic hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20fault" title=" effect of fault"> effect of fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20factor" title=" soil factor"> soil factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhairabi%20Sairang%20tunnel" title=" Bhairabi Sairang tunnel"> Bhairabi Sairang tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26476/seismic-hazard-response-of-bhairabi-sairang-tunnel-due-to-the-effect-of-faulting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> A Review of HVDC Modular Multilevel Converters Subjected to DC and AC Faults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jude%20Inwumoh">Jude Inwumoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20P.%20R.%20Taylor"> Adam P. R. Taylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kosala%20Gunawardane"> Kosala Gunawardane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modular multilevel converters (MMC) exhibit a highly scalable and modular characteristic with good voltage/power expansion, fault tolerance capability, low output harmonic content, good redundancy, and a flexible front-end configuration. Fault detection, location, and isolation, as well as maintaining fault ride-through (FRT), are major challenges to MMC reliability and power supply sustainability. Different papers have been reviewed to seek the best MMC configuration with fault capability. DC faults are the most common fault, while the probability that AC fault occurs in a modular multilevel converter (MCC) is low; though, AC faults consequence are severe. This paper reviews several MMC topologies and modulation techniques in tackling faults. These fault control strategies are compared based on cost, complexity, controllability, and power loss. A meshed network of half-bridge (HB) MMC topology was optimal in rendering fault ride through than any other MMC topologies but only when combined with DC circuit breakers (CBS), AC CBS, and fault current limiters (FCL). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMC-HVDC" title="MMC-HVDC">MMC-HVDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20faults" title=" DC faults"> DC faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20current%20limiters" title=" fault current limiters"> fault current limiters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20scheme" title=" control scheme"> control scheme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113483/a-review-of-hvdc-modular-multilevel-converters-subjected-to-dc-and-ac-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> Characteristic Matrix Faults for Flight Control System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanh%20Nga%20Thai">Thanh Nga Thai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A major issue in air transportation is in flight safety. Recent developments in control engineering have an attractive potential for resolving new issues related to guidance, navigation, and control of flying vehicles. Many future atmospheric missions will require increased on board autonomy including fault diagnosis and the subsequent control and guidance recovery actions. To improve designing system diagnostic, an efficient FDI- fault detection and identification- methodology is necessary to achieve. Contribute to characteristic of different faults in sensor and actuator in the view of mathematics brings a lot of profit in some condition changes in the system. This research finds some profit to reduce a trade-off to achieve between fault detection and performance of the closed loop system and cost and calculated in simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection%20and%20identification" title="fault detection and identification">fault detection and identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20faults" title=" sensor faults"> sensor faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actuator%20faults" title=" actuator faults"> actuator faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20control%20system" title=" flight control system"> flight control system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18549/characteristic-matrix-faults-for-flight-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> The Response of LCC to DC System Faults and HVDC Re-Establishment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesbah%20Tarek">Mesbah Tarek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelaiaia%20Samia"> Kelaiaia Samia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiheb%20Sofien"> Chiheb Sofien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelaiaia%20Mounia%20Samira"> Kelaiaia Mounia Samira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Labar%20Hocine"> Labar Hocine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As every power systems short circuit failure can occur for HVDC at the DC link. So, the power devices should be protected against over heath produced by this over-current. This can be achieved through the power switchers or fast breaker. After short circuit the system is unable to restart, only after a time delay, because of the potential distribution along the DC link line. An appropriate fast and safety control is proposed and tested successfully. The detailed development and discussion of these faults is presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVDC" title="HVDC">HVDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20link" title=" DC link"> DC link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switchers" title=" switchers"> switchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20circuit" title=" short circuit"> short circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults" title=" faults"> faults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21998/the-response-of-lcc-to-dc-system-faults-and-hvdc-re-establishment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Dual-Network Memory Model for Temporal Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motonobu%20Hattori">Motonobu Hattori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In neural networks, when new patters are learned by a network, they radically interfere with previously stored patterns. This drawback is called catastrophic forgetting. We have already proposed a biologically inspired dual-network memory model which can much reduce this forgetting for static patterns. In this model, information is ﬁrst stored in the hippocampal network, and thereafter, it is transferred to the neocortical network using pseudo patterns. Because, temporal sequence learning is more important than static pattern learning in the real world, in this study, we improve our conventional dual-network memory model so that it can deal with temporal sequences without catastrophic forgetting. The computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed dual-network memory model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20forgetting" title="catastrophic forgetting">catastrophic forgetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-network" title=" dual-network"> dual-network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20sequences" title=" temporal sequences"> temporal sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampal" title=" hippocampal "> hippocampal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2908/dual-network-memory-model-for-temporal-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Modelling and Detecting the Demagnetization Fault in the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using the Current Signature Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassa%20Nacera">Yassa Nacera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badji%20Abderrezak"> Badji Abderrezak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saidoune%20Abdelmalek"> Saidoune Abdelmalek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houassine%20Hamza"> Houassine Hamza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several kinds of faults can occur in a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) systems: bearing faults, electrically short/open faults, eccentricity faults, and demagnetization faults. Demagnetization fault means that the strengths of permanent magnets (PM) in PMSM decrease, and it causes low output torque, which is undesirable for EVs. The fault is caused by physical damage, high-temperature stress, inverse magnetic field, and aging. Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) is a conventional motor fault detection method based on the extraction of signal features from stator current. a simulation model of the PMSM under partial demagnetization and uniform demagnetization fault was established, and different degrees of demagnetization fault were simulated. The harmonic analyses using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) show that the fault diagnosis method based on the harmonic wave analysis is only suitable for partial demagnetization fault of the PMSM and does not apply to uniform demagnetization fault of the PMSM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20magnet" title="permanent magnet">permanent magnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demagnetization" title=" demagnetization"> demagnetization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182275/modelling-and-detecting-the-demagnetization-fault-in-the-permanent-magnet-synchronous-machine-using-the-current-signature-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Proposed Fault Detection Scheme on Low Voltage Distribution Feeders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewusi%20Adeoluwawale">Adewusi Adeoluwawale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oronti%20Iyabosola%20Busola"> Oronti Iyabosola Busola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinola%20Iretiayo"> Akinola Iretiayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komolafe%20Olusola%20Aderibigbe"> Komolafe Olusola Aderibigbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complex and radial structure of the low voltage distribution network (415V) makes it vulnerable to faults which are due to system and the environmental related factors. Besides these, the protective scheme employed on the low voltage network which is the fuse cannot be monitored remotely such that in the event of sustained fault, the utility will have to rely solely on the complaint brought by customers for loss of supply and this tends to increase the length of outages. A microcontroller based fault detection scheme is hereby developed to detect low voltage and high voltage fault conditions which are common faults on this network. Voltages below 198V and above 242V on the distribution feeders are classified and detected as low voltage and high voltages respectively. Results shows that the developed scheme produced a good response time in the detection of these faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title="fault detection">fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20voltage%20distribution%20feeders" title=" low voltage distribution feeders"> low voltage distribution feeders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outage%20times" title=" outage times"> outage times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustained%20faults" title=" sustained faults"> sustained faults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8097/proposed-fault-detection-scheme-on-low-voltage-distribution-feeders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Observer-based Robust Diagnosis for Wind Turbine System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Odofin">Sarah Odofin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiwei%20Gao"> Zhiwei Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operations and maintenance of wind turbine have received much attention by researcher due to rapid expansion of wind farms. This paper explores a novel fault diagnosis that is designed and optimized to be very sensitive to faults and robust to disturbances. The faults considered are the sensor faults of which the augmented observer is considered to enlarge faults and to be robust to disturbance. A qualitative model based analysis is proposed for early fault diagnosis to minimize downtime mostly caused by components breakdown and exploit productivity. Simulation results are computed validating the models provided which demonstrates system performance using practical application of fault type examples. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques investigated in a Matlab/Simulink environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title="wind turbine">wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20monitoring" title=" condition monitoring"> condition monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20observer" title=" augmented observer"> augmented observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disturbance%20robustness" title=" disturbance robustness"> disturbance robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20estimation" title=" fault estimation"> fault estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20monitoring" title=" sensor monitoring"> sensor monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18297/observer-based-robust-diagnosis-for-wind-turbine-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Fault Detection and Isolation in Sensors and Actuators of Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrokh%20Barati">Shahrokh Barati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ramezani"> Reza Ramezani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the countries growing attention to the renewable energy producing, the demand for energy from renewable energy has gone up among the renewable energy sources; wind energy is the fastest growth in recent years. In this regard, in order to increase the availability of wind turbines, using of Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system is necessary. Wind turbines include of various faults such as sensors fault, actuator faults, network connection fault, mechanical faults and faults in the generator subsystem. Although, sensors and actuators have a large number of faults in wind turbine but have discussed fewer in the literature. Therefore, in this work, we focus our attention to design a sensor and actuator fault detection and isolation algorithm and Fault-tolerant control systems (FTCS) for Wind Turbine. The aim of this research is to propose a comprehensive fault detection and isolation system for sensors and actuators of wind turbine based on data-driven approaches. To achieve this goal, the features of measurable signals in real wind turbine extract in any condition. The next step is the feature selection among the extract in any condition. The next step is the feature selection among the extracted features. Features are selected that led to maximum separation networks that implemented in parallel and results of classifiers fused together. In order to maximize the reliability of decision on fault, the property of fault repeatability is used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI" title="FDI">FDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbines" title=" wind turbines"> wind turbines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors%20and%20actuators%20faults" title=" sensors and actuators faults"> sensors and actuators faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39446/fault-detection-and-isolation-in-sensors-and-actuators-of-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Directing the Forensic Investigation of a Catastrophic Structure Collapse: The Jacksonville Parking Garage Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20C.%20Bracken">William C. Bracken</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the forensic investigation of a fatality-involved catastrophic structure collapse and the special challenges faced when tasked with directing such an effort. While this paper discusses the investigation’s findings and the outcome of the event; this paper’s primary focus is on the challenges faced directing a forensic investigation that requires coordinating with governmental oversight while also having to accommodate multiple parties’ investigative teams. In particular the challenges discussed within this paper included maintaining on-site safety and operations while accommodating outside investigator’s interests. In addition this paper discusses unique challenges that one may face such as what to do about unethical conduct of interested party’s investigative teams, “off the record” sharing of information, and clandestinely transmitted evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20structure%20collapse" title="catastrophic structure collapse">catastrophic structure collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20investigation" title=" collapse investigation"> collapse investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacksonville%20parking%20garage%20collapse" title=" Jacksonville parking garage collapse"> Jacksonville parking garage collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20investigation" title=" forensic investigation"> forensic investigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24535/directing-the-forensic-investigation-of-a-catastrophic-structure-collapse-the-jacksonville-parking-garage-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Diagnosis of Induction Machine Faults by DWT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Akbari">Hamidreza Akbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, for detection of inclined eccentricity in an induction motor, time–frequency analysis of the stator startup current is carried out. For this purpose, the discrete wavelet transform is used. Data are obtained from simulations, using winding function approach. The results show the validity of the approach for detecting the fault and discriminating with respect to other faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20machine" title="induction machine">induction machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault" title=" fault"> fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWT" title=" DWT"> DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric" title=" electric"> electric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13400/diagnosis-of-induction-machine-faults-by-dwt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring of Base Metal Flotation Plant Using Dissimilarity Scale-Based Singular Spectrum Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syamala%20Krishnannair">Syamala Krishnannair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A multivariate statistical process monitoring methodology using dissimilarity scale-based singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is proposed for the detection and diagnosis of process faults in the base metal flotation plant. Process faults are detected based on the multi-level decomposition of process signals by SSA using the dissimilarity structure of the process data and the subsequent monitoring of the multiscale signals using the unified monitoring index which combines T² with SPE. Contribution plots are used to identify the root causes of the process faults. The overall results indicated that the proposed technique outperformed the conventional multivariate techniques in the detection and diagnosis of the process faults in the flotation plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title="fault detection">fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20monitoring" title=" process monitoring"> process monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilarity%20scale" title=" dissimilarity scale"> dissimilarity scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83263/multivariate-statistical-process-monitoring-of-base-metal-flotation-plant-using-dissimilarity-scale-based-singular-spectrum-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> A Study on Net Profit Associated with Queueing System Subject to Catastrophical Events</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Reni%20Sagayaraj">M. Reni Sagayaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Anand%20Gnana%20Selvam"> S. Anand Gnana Selvam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Reynald%20Susainathan"> R. Reynald Susainathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we study that the catastrophic events arrive independently at the service facility according to a Poisson process with rate λ. The nature of a catastrophic event is that upon its arrival at a service station, it destroys all the customers there waiting and in the service. We will derive the net profit associated with queuing system and obtain its probability of the busy period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queueing%20system" title="queueing system">queueing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net-profit" title=" net-profit"> net-profit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=busy%20period" title=" busy period"> busy period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophical%20events" title=" catastrophical events"> catastrophical events</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38190/a-study-on-net-profit-associated-with-queueing-system-subject-to-catastrophical-events" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Seismic Activity in the Lake Kivu Basin: Implication for Seismic Risk Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didier%20Birimwiragi%20Namogo">Didier Birimwiragi Namogo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Kivu Lake Basin is located in the Western Branch of the East African Rift. In this basin is located a multitude of active faults, on which earthquakes occur regularly. The most recent earthquakes date from 2008, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019. The cities of Bukabu and Goma in DR Congo and Giseyi in Rwanda are the most impacted by this intense seismic activity in the region. The magnitude of the strongest earthquakes in the region is 6.1. The 2008 earthquake was particularly destructive, killing several people in DR Congo and Rwanda. This work aims to complete the distribution of seismicity in the region, deduce areas of weakness and establish a hazard map that can assist in seismic risk management. Using the local seismic network of the Goma Volcano Observatory, the earthquakes were relocated, and their focus mechanism was studied. The results show that most of these earthquakes occur on active faults described by Villeneuve in 1938. The alignment of the earthquakes shows a pace that follows directly the directions of the faults described by this author. The study of the focus mechanism of these earthquakes, also shows that these are in particular normal faults whose stresses show an extensive activity. Such study can be used for the establishment of seismic risk management tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes" title="earthquakes">earthquakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20map" title=" hazard map"> hazard map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults" title=" faults"> faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20mechanism" title=" focus mechanism "> focus mechanism </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117455/seismic-activity-in-the-lake-kivu-basin-implication-for-seismic-risk-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Tolerating Input Faults in Asynchronous Sequential Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Min%20Yang">Jung-Min Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method of tolerating input faults for input/state asynchronous sequential machines is proposed. A corrective controller is placed in front of the considered asynchronous machine to realize model matching with a reference model. The value of the external input transmitted to the closed-loop system may change by fault. We address the existence condition for the controller that can counteract adverse effects of any input fault while maintaining the objective of model matching. A design procedure for constructing the controller is outlined. The proposed reachability condition for the controller design is validated in an illustrative example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asynchronous%20sequential%20machines" title="asynchronous sequential machines">asynchronous sequential machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrective%20control" title=" corrective control"> corrective control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20faults" title=" input faults"> input faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20matching" title=" model matching"> model matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41919/tolerating-input-faults-in-asynchronous-sequential-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Fault-Tolerant Predictive Control for Polytopic LPV Systems Subject to Sensor Faults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofiane%20Bououden">Sofiane Bououden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilyes%20Boulkaibet"> Ilyes Boulkaibet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a robust fault-tolerant predictive control (FTPC) strategy is proposed for systems with linear parameter varying (LPV) models and input constraints subject to sensor faults. Generally, virtual observers are used for improving the observation precision and reduce the impacts of sensor faults and uncertainties in the system. However, this type of observer lacks certain system measurements which substantially reduce its accuracy. To deal with this issue, a real observer is then designed based on the virtual observer, and consequently a real observer-based robust predictive control is designed for polytopic LPV systems. Moreover, the proposed observer can entirely assure that all system states and sensor faults are estimated. As a result, and based on both observers, a robust fault-tolerant predictive control is then established via the Lyapunov method where sufficient conditions are proposed, for stability analysis and control purposes, in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) form. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20parameter%20varying%20systems" title="linear parameter varying systems">linear parameter varying systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-tolerant%20predictive%20control" title=" fault-tolerant predictive control"> fault-tolerant predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observer-based%20control" title=" observer-based control"> observer-based control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20faults" title=" sensor faults"> sensor faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20constraints" title=" input constraints"> input constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities" title=" linear matrix inequalities"> linear matrix inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139019/fault-tolerant-predictive-control-for-polytopic-lpv-systems-subject-to-sensor-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Analytical Model of Multiphase Machines Under Electrical Faults: Application on Dual Stator Asynchronous Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacera%20Yassa">Nacera Yassa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmalek%20Saidoune"> Abdelmalek Saidoune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghania%20Ouadfel"> Ghania Ouadfel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Houassine"> Hamza Houassine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid advancement in electrical technologies has underscored the increasing importance of multiphase machines across various industrial sectors. These machines offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, compactness, and reliability compared to their single-phase counterparts. However, early detection and diagnosis of electrical faults remain critical challenges to ensure the durability and safety of these complex systems. This paper presents an advanced analytical model for multiphase machines, with a particular focus on dual stator asynchronous machines. The primary objective is to develop a robust diagnostic tool capable of effectively detecting and locating electrical faults in these machines, including short circuits, winding faults, and voltage imbalances. The proposed methodology relies on an analytical approach combining electrical machine theory, modeling of magnetic and electrical circuits, and advanced signal analysis techniques. By employing detailed analytical equations, the developed model accurately simulates the behavior of multiphase machines in the presence of electrical faults. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through a series of case studies and numerical simulations. In particular, special attention is given to analyzing the dynamic behavior of machines under different types of faults, as well as optimizing diagnostic and recovery strategies. The obtained results pave the way for new advancements in the field of multiphase machine diagnostics, with potential applications in various sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and renewable energies. By providing precise and reliable tools for early fault detection, this research contributes to improving the reliability and durability of complex electrical systems while reducing maintenance and operation costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faults" title="faults">faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20machine" title=" multiphase machine"> multiphase machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185456/analytical-model-of-multiphase-machines-under-electrical-faults-application-on-dual-stator-asynchronous-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Improving Monitoring and Fault Detection of Solar Panels Using Arduino Mega in WSN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Dahoud">Ali Al-Dahoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fezari"> Mohamed Fezari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamer%20Al-Rawashdeh"> Thamer Al-Rawashdeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Jannoud"> Ismail Jannoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monitoring and detecting faults on a set of Solar panels, using a wireless sensor network (WNS) is our contribution in this paper, This work is part of the project we are working on at Al-Zaytoonah University. The research problem has been exposed by engineers and technicians or operators dealing with PV panels maintenance, in order to monitor and detect faults within solar panels which affect considerably the energy produced by the solar panels. The proposed solution is based on installing WSN nodes with appropriate sensors for more often occurred faults on the 45 solar panels installed on the roof of IT faculty. A simulation has been done on nodes distribution and a study for the design of a node with appropriate sensors taking into account the priorities of the processing faults. Finally, a graphic user interface is designed and adapted to telemonitoring panels using WSN. The primary tests of hardware implementation gave interesting results, the sensors calibration and interference transmission problem have been solved. A friendly GUI using high level language Visial Basic was developed to carry out the monitoring process and to save data on Exel File. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino%20Mega%20microcnotroller" title="Arduino Mega microcnotroller">Arduino Mega microcnotroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panels" title=" solar panels"> solar panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-detection" title=" fault-detection"> fault-detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=node%20design" title=" node design"> node design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24734/improving-monitoring-and-fault-detection-of-solar-panels-using-arduino-mega-in-wsn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20faults&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20faults&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20faults&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20faults&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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