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class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Prehistory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_migrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_migrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Early migrations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_migrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 European exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Imperialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Imperialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 New Imperialism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Imperialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bordering_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bordering_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Bordering countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bordering_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia-Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia-Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Asia-Pacific </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Americas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uninhabited_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uninhabited_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Uninhabited territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uninhabited_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmasses_and_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmasses_and_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Landmasses and islands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmasses_and_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Water characteristics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Geology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geological_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geological_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Geological history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geological_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seamount_chains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seamount_chains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Seamount chains </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seamount_chains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Fishing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Environment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Environment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuclear_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Nuclear waste </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deep_sea_mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deep_sea_mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Deep sea mining </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deep_sea_mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_ports_and_harbors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_ports_and_harbors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Major ports and harbors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_ports_and_harbors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Major ports and harbors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Major_ports_and_harbors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_major_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_major_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 List of major ports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_major_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_seas,_gulfs_and_bays_by_surface_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_seas,_gulfs_and_bays_by_surface_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 List of seas, gulfs and bays by surface area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_seas,_gulfs_and_bays_by_surface_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 List of islands in the Pacific </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories_of_natural_delimitation_between_the_Atlantic_and_Pacific_oceans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_of_natural_delimitation_between_the_Atlantic_and_Pacific_oceans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Theories of natural delimitation between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories_of_natural_delimitation_between_the_Atlantic_and_Pacific_oceans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Historiography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pacific Ocean</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 241 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-241" aria-hidden="true" > 241 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%B4t_Pasifik" title="Laôt Pasifik – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Laôt Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%83_%D0%A5%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Щэху Хышхуэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Щэху Хышхуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%85%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D1%8A%D1%8D%D1%84" title="Хышхо Шъэф – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хышхо Шъэф" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stille Oseaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazifischer_Ozean" title="Pazifischer Ozean – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pazifischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%85%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%96%E1%88%B5" title="ሰላማዊ ውቅያኖስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰላማዊ ውቅያኖስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C3%A1lhismeer%C3%A2" title="Kuálhismeerâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kuálhismeerâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sericus_G%C4%81rsecg" title="Sericus Gārsecg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sericus Gārsecg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87" title="Аокеан ҭынч – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аокеан ҭынч" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6" title="المحيط الهادئ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المحيط الهادئ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pacifico" title="Oceano Pacifico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oceano Pacifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A3_%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܫܝܢܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܩܝܢܘܣ ܫܝܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%88%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Խաղաղական Ովկիանոս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խաղաղական Ովկիանոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anu_Pac%C3%ADficu" title="Océanu Pacíficu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Océanu Pacíficu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशान्त महासागर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="प्रशान्त महासागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguasu_Py%27aguapy" title="Paraguasu Py'aguapy – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Paraguasu Py'aguapy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ГӀодоцараб океан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀодоцараб океан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakit_okean" title="Sakit okean – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sakit okean" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بؤیوک اوقیانوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بؤیوک اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Samudra Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="প্রশান্ত মহাসাগর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রশান্ত মহাসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-p%C3%AAng-i%C3%BB%E2%81%BF" title="Thài-pêng-iûⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-pêng-iûⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Samudra Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тымыҡ океан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тымыҡ океан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%85%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Ціхі акіян – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ціхі акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D1%85%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Ціхі акіян – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ціхі акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशांत महासागर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रशांत महासागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatan_Pacifico" title="Kadagatan Pacifico – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kadagatan Pacifico" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifik" title="Pasifik – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тихи океан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тихи океан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazifik" title="Pazifik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pazifik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞི་བདེ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞི་བདེ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihi_okean" title="Tihi okean – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tihi okean" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurvor_Habask" title="Meurvor Habask – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meurvor Habask" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Номгон далай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Номгон далай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_Pac%C3%ADfic" title="Oceà Pacífic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oceà Pacífic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%C4%83%D0%BF%D0%BA%C4%83_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лăпкă океан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лăпкă океан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatang_Pasipiko" title="Kadagatang Pasipiko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kadagatang Pasipiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tich%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Tichý oceán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tichý oceán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pacifico" title="Oceano Pacifico – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Oceano Pacifico" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gungwa_re_Pasifiki" title="Gungwa re Pasifiki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gungwa re Pasifiki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Cefnfor_Tawel" title="Y Cefnfor Tawel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Cefnfor Tawel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillehavet" title="Stillehavet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stillehavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لمحيط لمهدن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمحيط لمهدن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaskes%C3%A1hpi" title="Jaskesáhpi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jaskesáhpi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazifischer_Ozean" title="Pazifischer Ozean – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pazifischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aichy_ocean" title="Śichy ocean – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Śichy ocean" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशान्त महासागर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="प्रशान्त महासागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaikne_ookean" title="Vaikne ookean – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaikne ookean" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ειρηνικός Ωκεανός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ειρηνικός Ωκεανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Océano Pacífico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifiko" title="Pacifiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pacifiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anu_Pac%C3%ADficu" title="Océanu Pacíficu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Océanu Pacíficu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeano_Barea" title="Ozeano Barea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ozeano Barea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اقیانوس آرام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقیانوس آرام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pacific Ocean" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrrahavi%C3%B0" title="Kyrrahavið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kyrrahavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique" title="Océan Pacifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Océan Pacifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grutte_Oseaan" title="Grutte Oseaan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grutte Oseaan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Pacific" title="Ocean Pacific – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ocean Pacific" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAig%C3%A9an_Ci%C3%BAin" title="An tAigéan Ciúin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tAigéan Ciúin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Keayn_Sheealtagh" title="Yn Keayn Sheealtagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Keayn Sheealtagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuan_S%C3%A8imh" title="Cuan Sèimh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cuan Sèimh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Océano Pacífico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Тийна оакафорд – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тийна оакафорд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="太平洋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%9A_%D8%A7%DB%8A%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8A%D8%B3" title="آرام ٚ اۊقیانۊس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آرام ٚ اۊقیانۊس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0" title="પ્રશાંત મહાસાગર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રશાંત મહાસાગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai-ph%C3%ACn-y%C3%B2ng" title="Thai-phìn-yòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai-phìn-yòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%8F%89%EC%96%91" title="태평양 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태평양" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Pacific Ocean" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_P%C4%81k%C4%ABpika" title="Moana Pākīpika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Moana Pākīpika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2_%D6%85%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Խաղաղ օվկիանոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաղաղ օվկիանոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशान्त महासागर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रशान्त महासागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86ichi_ocean" title="Ćichi ocean – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ćichi ocean" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tihi ocean" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awuhu_Pasifik" title="Awuhu Pasifik – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Awuhu Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pacifiko" title="Oceano Pacifiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oceano Pacifiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92r%C3%ACm%C3%ACl%C3%AC_Pacific" title="Òrìmìlì Pacific – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Òrìmìlì Pacific" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaw_Pasipiko" title="Taaw Pasipiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taaw Pasipiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samudra Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pacific" title="Oceano Pacific – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oceano Pacific" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Pacific Ocean" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Сабыр фурд – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сабыр фурд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrrahaf" title="Kyrrahaf – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kyrrahaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pacifico" title="Oceano Pacifico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oceano Pacifico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%98" title="האוקיינוס השקט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האוקיינוס השקט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samodra_Pasifik" title="Samodra Pasifik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Samodra Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifiki_L%C9%A9%C5%8Bam%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪೆಸಿಫಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆಸಿಫಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifiko_Kadayatmalatan" title="Pasifiko Kadayatmalatan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pasifiko Kadayatmalatan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шош океан – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шош океан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="წყნარი ოკეანე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყნარი ოკეანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Тынық мұхит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тынық мұхит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Cosel" title="Mor Cosel – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mor Cosel" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifiki" title="Pasifiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pasifiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifika_Welfa" title="Pacifika Welfa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Pacifika Welfa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyan_Pasifik" title="Oseyan Pasifik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oseyan Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%C3%A9yan_Pasifik" title="Loséyan Pasifik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Loséyan Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyan%C3%BBsa_Mezin" title="Okyanûsa Mezin – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Okyanûsa Mezin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тынч океан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тынч океан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B9%D0%BF%D3%93%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шӹпӓн океан – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шӹпӓн океан" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozean_Pazifich" title="Ozean Pazifich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ozean Pazifich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseano_Pasifiko" title="Oseano Pasifiko – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Oseano Pasifiko" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanus_Pacificus" title="Oceanus Pacificus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oceanus Pacificus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klusais_oke%C4%81ns" title="Klusais okeāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klusais okeāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazifik" title="Pazifik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pazifik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лас океан – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лас океан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramusis_vandenynas" title="Ramusis vandenynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ramusis vandenynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%A7eano_Paciffico" title="Oçeano Paciffico – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Oçeano Paciffico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjtille_Oceaan" title="Sjtille Oceaan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjtille Oceaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasif%C3%ADki" title="Pasifíki – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pasifíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Pasifica" title="Mar Pasifica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Pasifica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyynimeri" title="Tyynimeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tyynimeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pasifik._zei_braxamsi" title="pasifik. zei braxamsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pasifik. zei braxamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucean_Pacifich" title="Ucean Pacifich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ucean Pacifich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csendes-%C3%B3ce%C3%A1n" title="Csendes-óceán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csendes-óceán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशान्त महासागर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="प्रशान्त महासागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тихи Океан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тихи Океан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasimbe_Pasifika" title="Ranomasimbe Pasifika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasimbe Pasifika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ശാന്തസമുദ്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശാന്തസമുദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%8Bean_Pa%C4%8Bifiku" title="Oċean Paċifiku – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Oċean Paċifiku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana-nui-a-Kiwa" title="Moana-nui-a-Kiwa – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Moana-nui-a-Kiwa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशांत महासागर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रशांत महासागर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="რჩქალი ოკიანე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რჩქალი ოკიანე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89" title="المحيط الهادى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المحيط الهادى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آروم اوقیانوس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آروم اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lautan Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lautan Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1i-b%C3%ACng-i%C3%B2ng" title="Tái-bìng-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tái-bìng-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouceano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Ouceano Pacífico – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ouceano Pacífico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Сетьме оцюведь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сетьме оцюведь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Номхон далай – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Номхон далай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ပစိဖိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပစိဖိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasa_Pasifika" title="Wasa Pasifika – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wasa Pasifika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grote_Oceaan" title="Grote Oceaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grote Oceaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grote_Oceaan" title="Grote Oceaan – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Grote Oceaan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशान्त महासागर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रशान्त महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="प्रशान्त महासागर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रशान्त महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太平洋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pacifeco" title="Oceano Pacifeco – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Oceano Pacifeco" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Тийна Ӏапказ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тийна Ӏапказ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiifisk_Oosean" title="Pasiifisk Oosean – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pasiifisk Oosean" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesifik_Oshen" title="Pesifik Oshen – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Pesifik Oshen" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillehavet" title="Stillehavet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stillehavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillehavet" title="Stillehavet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stillehavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Pacific" title="Ocean Pacific – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ocean Pacific" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Тыныс тептеҥыз – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тыныс тептеҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B0" title="ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତ ମହାସାଗର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରଶାନ୍ତ ମହାସାଗର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garba_Paasifiik" title="Garba Paasifiik – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Garba Paasifiik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinch_okeani" title="Tinch okeani – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tinch okeani" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਂਤ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਂਤ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayat_Pacifico" title="Dayat Pacifico – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Dayat Pacifico" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%81%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="پیسفک ساگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیسفک ساگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="ပစိဖိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပစိဖိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A9ano_Pas%C3%ADfiko" title="Oséano Pasífiko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oséano Pasífiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="آرام سمندر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آرام سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifik_Uoshan" title="Pasifik Uoshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pasifik Uoshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%A7%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лӧнь океан – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Лӧнь океан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="មហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាសមុទ្រប៉ាស៊ីហ្វិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och%C3%A9an_Pachifike" title="Ochéan Pachifike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ochéan Pachifike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pass%C3%ACfich" title="Océan Passìfich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Océan Passìfich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solwara_Pasifik" title="Solwara Pasifik – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Solwara Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazifik" title="Pazifik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pazifik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Spokojny" title="Ocean Spokojny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ocean Spokojny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Oceano Pacífico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oceano Pacífico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1n%C4%B1sh_okean%C4%B1" title="Tınısh okeanı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tınısh okeanı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1n%C3%A7_okean" title="Tınç okean – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tınç okean" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_P%C4%81titif%C4%81" title="Moana Pātitifā – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Moana Pātitifā" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelle_Ozean" title="Stelle Ozean – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Stelle Ozean" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanul_Pacific" title="Oceanul Pacific – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oceanul Pacific" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Pacific" title="Ocean Pacific – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ocean Pacific" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thakisqa_Hatunqucha" title="Thakisqa Hatunqucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thakisqa Hatunqucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тихый океан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тихый океан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тихий океан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тихий океан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Чуумпу далай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чуумпу далай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay-ping-yang" title="Tay-ping-yang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Tay-ping-yang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_Pasefika" title="Vasa Pasefika – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vasa Pasefika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="प्रशान्तमहासागरः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रशान्तमहासागरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otz%C3%A8anu_Patz%C3%ACficu" title="Otzèanu Patzìficu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Otzèanu Patzìficu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pacific Ocean" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazifisken_Ozean" title="Pazifisken Ozean – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pazifisken Ozean" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Pacific Ocean" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqeani_Paq%C3%ABsor" title="Oqeani Paqësor – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oqeani Paqësor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A8anu_Pac%C3%ACficu" title="Ocèanu Pacìficu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ocèanu Pacìficu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ශාන්තිකර සාගරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශාන්තිකර සාගරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pacific Ocean" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%81%DA%AA_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="پيسفڪ سمنڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيسفڪ سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tich%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Tichý oceán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tichý oceán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tihi ocean" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokojny_Uocean" title="Pokojny Uocean – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Pokojny Uocean" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badweynta_Baasifiga" title="Badweynta Baasifiga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Badweynta Baasifiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئۆقیانووسی ئارام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆقیانووسی ئارام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тихи океан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тихи океан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihi_okean" title="Tihi okean – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tihi okean" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Samudra Pasifik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyynimeri" title="Tyynimeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tyynimeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilla_havet" title="Stilla havet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stilla havet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagatang_Pasipiko" title="Karagatang Pasipiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karagatang Pasipiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அமைதிப் பெருங்கடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமைதிப் பெருங்கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaru_irggign" title="Agaru irggign – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Agaru irggign" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaraw_Amelwi" title="Agaraw Amelwi – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agaraw Amelwi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceane_Pacifeche" title="Oceane Pacifeche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Oceane Pacifeche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тын океан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тын океан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="పసిఫిక్ మహాసముద్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పసిఫిక్ మహాసముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="มหาสมุทรแปซิฟิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาสมุทรแปซิฟิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%9B%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Уқёнуси Ором – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уқёнуси Ором" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_Pasifiki" title="Moana Pasifiki – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Moana Pasifiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AD%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%AC_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%89" title="ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎠᎺᏉ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎠᎺᏉ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Okyanus" title="Büyük Okyanus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Büyük Okyanus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Duwa%C5%9F_okean" title="Ýuwaş okean – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýuwaş okean" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1gba%CC%B1ndang_Kyai_A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot_Pasi%CC%B1fi%CC%B1k" title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Pasi̱fi̱k – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Pasi̱fi̱k" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оожум океан – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Оожум океан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чус океан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чус океан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тихий океан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тихий океан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84" title="بحر الکاہل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحر الکاہل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daibingzyangz" title="Daibingzyangz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daibingzyangz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A8ano_Pas%C3%ACfego" title="Osèano Pasìfego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Osèano Pasìfego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCn%27_valdmeri" title="Tün' valdmeri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tün' valdmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Thái Bình Dương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thái Bình Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaikn%C3%B5_suurmeri" title="Vaiknõ suurmeri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vaiknõ suurmeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5jh%C3%BBle_Oceyan" title="Påjhûle Oceyan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Påjhûle Oceyan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="太平洋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillen_Oceoan" title="Stillen Oceoan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stillen Oceoan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalawdan_Pacifico" title="Kalawdan Pacifico – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalawdan Pacifico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%A0mbulaan_Gu-Dal" title="Mbàmbulaan Gu-Dal – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mbàmbulaan Gu-Dal" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="太平洋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פאציפישער אקעאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאציפישער אקעאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92kun_P%C3%A0s%C3%ADf%C3%ADk%C3%AC" title="Òkun Pàsífíkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Pàsífíkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太平洋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyanuso_G%C4%B1rd" title="Okyanuso Gırd – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Okyanuso Gırd" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramosis_ond%C4%97n%C4%ABns" title="Ramosis ondėnīns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pacific_Ocean&params=0_N_160_W_region:XP_type:waterbody_dim:20000000">0°N 160°W / 0°N 160°W / 0; -160</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ocean between Asia, Australia, and the Americas</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="North Pacific (disambiguation)">North Pacific (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="South Pacific (disambiguation)">South Pacific (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pacific (disambiguation)">Pacific (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Pacific Ocean</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_-_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Pacific Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pacific_Ocean_-_en.png/264px-Pacific_Ocean_-_en.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Pacific_Ocean_-_en.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pacific_Ocean&params=0_N_160_W_region:XP_type:waterbody_dim:20000000">0°N 160°W / 0°N 160°W / 0; -160</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">165,250,000 km2 (63,800,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">4,280 m (14,040 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">10,911 m (35,797 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">710,000,000 km3 (170,000,000 cu mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_by_body_of_water" title="Category:Islands by body of water">Islands</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">List</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="background:#ddeffa;padding:0.5em 0.5em;"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:World_ocean_map.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/World_ocean_map.gif/220px-World_ocean_map.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/World_ocean_map.gif/330px-World_ocean_map.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/World_ocean_map.gif/440px-World_ocean_map.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a>Earth's ocean, showing common divisions</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Thermohaline_circulation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Thermohaline_circulation.svg/220px-Thermohaline_circulation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Thermohaline_circulation.svg/330px-Thermohaline_circulation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Thermohaline_circulation.svg/440px-Thermohaline_circulation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a>Earth's <a href="/wiki/Thermohaline_circulation" title="Thermohaline circulation">thermohaline circulation</a> flow</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg/260px-World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg/390px-World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg/520px-World_map_ocean_locator-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="684" /></a>Map with five-oceans (approx. boundaries)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Earth's ocean</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> Main five oceans division: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pacific</a></li></ul> Further subdivision: <a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Five_oceans" title="Template:Five oceans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Five_oceans" title="Template talk:Five oceans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Five_oceans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Five oceans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s five <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">oceanic divisions</a>. It extends from the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> in the north to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> (or, depending on the definition, to <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and Australia in the west and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> in the east. At 165,250,000 square kilometers (63,800,000 square miles) in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), the Pacific Ocean is the largest division of the <a href="/wiki/World_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="World Ocean">World Ocean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hydrosphere" title="Hydrosphere">hydrosphere</a> and covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of the planet's total surface area, larger than its entire land area (148,000,000 km2 (57,000,000 sq mi)).<a href="#cite_note-ebc-1">[1]</a> The centers of both the <a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">water hemisphere</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility#Oceanic_pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">oceanic pole of inaccessibility</a>, are in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean circulation (caused by the <a href="/wiki/Coriolis_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriolis effect">Coriolis effect</a>) subdivides it<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> into two largely independent volumes of water that meet at the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean (or more loosely the <a href="/wiki/South_Seas" title="South Seas">South Seas</a>). The Pacific Ocean can also be informally divided by the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> into the East Pacific and the West Pacific, which allows it to be further divided into four quadrants, namely the Northeast Pacific off the coasts of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the Southeast Pacific off <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, the Northwest Pacific off <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far Eastern</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a>, and the Southwest Pacific around <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. The Pacific Ocean's mean depth is 4,000 meters (13,000 feet).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a>, located in the northwestern Pacific, is the deepest known point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,928 meters (35,853 feet).<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Horizon_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizon Deep">Horizon Deep</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tonga_Trench" title="Tonga Trench">Tonga Trench</a>, at 10,823 meters (35,509 feet).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The third deepest point on Earth, the <a href="/wiki/Sirena_Deep" title="Sirena Deep">Sirena Deep</a>, is also located in the Mariana Trench. The western Pacific has many major <a href="/wiki/Marginal_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal sea">marginal seas</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> In the early 16th century, Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a> crossed the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a> in 1513 and sighted the great "Southern Sea", which he named Mar del Sur (in Spanish). Afterwards, the ocean's current name was coined by Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> during the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> of the world in 1521, as he encountered favorable winds upon reaching the ocean. He called it Mar Pacífico, which in Portuguese means 'peaceful sea'.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seas_in_the_Pacific_Ocean">Seas in the Pacific Ocean</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Seas in the Pacific Ocean">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23%2C_2023.jpg/240px-Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23%2C_2023.jpg/360px-Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23%2C_2023.jpg/480px-Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10848" data-file-height="10848" /></a><figcaption>The Pacific Ocean, photograph taken from space by the <a href="/wiki/GOES-18" title="GOES-18">GOES-18</a> spacecraft in September 2023</figcaption></figure> Top large seas:<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Australasian Mediterranean Sea">Australasian Mediterranean Sea</a> – 9.080 million km2 (includes other seas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a> – 5.695 million km2 (largest single sea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a> – 4.791 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a> – 3.6 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> – 3.5 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a> – 2.3 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a> – 2 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a> – 1.583 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a> – 1.533 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> – 1.249 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a> – 1.14 million km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> – 978,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a> – 720,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a> – 695,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a> – 650,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> – 380,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a> – 320,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a> – 320,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a> – 300,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a> – 280,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a> – 260,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a> – 250,400 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a> – 200,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a> – 200,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a> – 160,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a> – 126,250 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a> – 95,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> – 78,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Papua" title="Gulf of Papua">Gulf of Papua</a> – 70,400 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a> – 58,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a> – 45,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a> – 35,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a> – 23,203 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a> – 18,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a> – 12,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelikhov_Gulf" title="Shelikhov Gulf">Shelikhov Gulf</a> – 1,583,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a> – 7,000 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a> – 1,994 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayabas_Bay" title="Tayabas Bay">Tayabas Bay</a> – 2,500 km2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a> – 10,000 km2</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prehistory">edit</a>]</div> Across the continents of Asia, <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, more than 25,000 islands, large and small, rise above the surface of the Pacific Ocean. Multiple islands were the shells of former active <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a> that have lain dormant for thousands of years. Close to the equator, without vast areas of blue ocean, are a dot of <a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atolls</a> that have over intervals of time been formed by <a href="/wiki/Seamounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamounts">seamounts</a> as a result of tiny coral islands strung in a ring within surroundings of a central <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_migrations">Early migrations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early migrations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Peopling of Southeast Asia">Peopling of Southeast Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fijian_double_canoe,_model,_Otago_Museum,_2016-01-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fijian_double_canoe%2C_model%2C_Otago_Museum%2C_2016-01-29.jpg/220px-Fijian_double_canoe%2C_model%2C_Otago_Museum%2C_2016-01-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fijian_double_canoe%2C_model%2C_Otago_Museum%2C_2016-01-29.jpg/330px-Fijian_double_canoe%2C_model%2C_Otago_Museum%2C_2016-01-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Fijian_double_canoe%2C_model%2C_Otago_Museum%2C_2016-01-29.jpg/440px-Fijian_double_canoe%2C_model%2C_Otago_Museum%2C_2016-01-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2798" data-file-height="2901" /></a><figcaption>Model of a <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fijian</a> <a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">drua</a>, an example of an <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian vessel</a> with a double-canoe (<a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a>) hull and a <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">crab claw sail</a></figcaption></figure> Important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times. Modern humans first reached the western Pacific in the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>, at around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago. Originating from a southern coastal human migration out of Africa, they reached <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a>, the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and then Australia by making the sea crossing of at least 80 kilometres (50 mi) between <a href="/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Sahul</a>. It is not known with any certainty what level of maritime technology was used by these groups – the presumption is that they used large bamboo rafts which may have been equipped with some sort of sail. The reduction in favourable winds for a crossing to Sahul after 58,000 B.P. fits with the dating of the settlement of Australia, with no later migrations in the prehistoric period. The seafaring abilities of pre-Austronesian residents of Island South-east Asia are confirmed by the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Buka,_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Buka, Papua New Guinea">Buka</a> by 32,000 B.P. and <a href="/wiki/Manus_Island" title="Manus Island">Manus</a> by 25,000 B.P. Journeys of 180 kilometres (110 mi) and 230 kilometres (140 mi) are involved, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The descendants of these migrations today are the <a href="/wiki/Negritos" class="mw-redirect" title="Negritos">Negritos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>. Their populations in <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">maritime Southeast Asia</a>, coastal <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a> later intermarried with the incoming <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> settlers from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and the northern <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, but also earlier groups associated with <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic-speakers</a>, resulting in the modern peoples of Island Southeast Asia and Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-Jett2017-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Waruno2017-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/440px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/660px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/880px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Migration_from_Taiwan" title="Austronesian peoples">migration</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a></figcaption></figure> A later seaborne migration is the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian expansion">Austronesian expansion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>. Austronesians originated from the island of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwan</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3000–1500 BCE. They are associated with distinctive maritime sailing technologies (notably <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">outrigger boats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug" class="mw-redirect" title="Lashed-lug">lashed-lug</a> boats, and the <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">crab claw sail</a>) – it is likely that the progressive development of these technologies were related to the later steps of settlement into Near and Remote Oceania. Starting at around 2200 BCE, Austronesians sailed southwards to settle the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. From, probably, the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a> they crossed the western Pacific to reach the <a href="/wiki/Marianas_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas Islands">Marianas Islands</a> by 1500 BCE,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a> by 1000 BCE. They were the first humans to reach <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a>, and the first to cross vast distances of open water. They also continued spreading southwards and settling the rest of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>, reaching <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> by 1500 BCE, and further west to <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> by around 500 CE.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gray-et-al2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pawley2002-15">[15]</a> More recently, it is suggested that Austronesians expanded already earlier, arriving in the Philippines already in 7000 BCE. Additional earlier migrations into Insular Southeast Asia, associated with Austroasiatic-speakers from Mainland Southeast Asia, are estimated to have taken place already in 15000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> At around 1300 to 1200 BCE, a branch of the Austronesian migrations known as the <a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita culture</a> reached the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>. From there, they settled <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> by 900 to 800 BCE. Some also back-migrated northwards in 200 BCE to settle the islands of eastern <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Carolines</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>), mixing with earlier Austronesian migrations in the region. This remained the furthest extent of the Austronesian expansion into <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> until around 700 CE when there was another surge of island exploration. They reached the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquesas">Marquesas</a> by 700 CE; <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiʻi</a> by 900 CE; <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapa Nui">Rapa Nui</a> by 1000 CE; and finally New Zealand by 1200 CE.<a href="#cite_note-Gray-et-al2009-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stanley2004-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-gibbons-18">[18]</a> Austronesians may have also reached as far as the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, although evidence for this remains inconclusive.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration">European exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: European exploration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Pacific" title="Exploration of the Pacific">Exploration of the Pacific</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg/240px-Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg/360px-Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg/480px-Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13708" data-file-height="7590" /></a><figcaption>Universalis Cosmographia, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Waldseem%C3%BCller_map" title="Waldseemüller map">Waldseemüller map</a>, dated 1507, was the first map to show the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and shows the name "America" for the first time, after <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a></figcaption></figure> The first contact of European navigators with the western edge of the Pacific Ocean was made by the Portuguese expeditions of <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Abreu" title="António de Abreu">António de Abreu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Francisco Serrão">Francisco Serrão</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a>, in 1512,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares">Jorge Álvares</a>'s expedition to southern China in 1513,<a href="#cite_note-Porter,_Jonathan_1996-23">[23]</a> both ordered by <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Malacca</a>. The eastern side of the ocean was encountered by Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a> in 1513 after his expedition crossed the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a> and reached a new ocean.<a href="#cite_note-Ober-24">[24]</a> He named it Mar del Sur ("Sea of the South" or <a href="/wiki/South_Seas" title="South Seas">"South Sea"</a>) because the ocean was to the south of the coast of the isthmus where he first observed the Pacific. In 1520, navigator <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> and his crew were the first to cross the Pacific in recorded history. They were part of a <a href="/wiki/Magellan%E2%80%93Elcano_circumnavigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation">Spanish expedition</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice Islands">Spice Islands</a> that would eventually result in the first world <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a>. Magellan called the ocean Pacífico (or "Pacific" meaning, "peaceful") because, after sailing through the stormy seas off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>, the expedition found calm waters. The ocean was often called the Sea of Magellan in his honor until the eighteenth century.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Magellan stopped at one uninhabited Pacific island before stopping at <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> in March 1521.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Although Magellan himself died in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> in 1521, Spanish navigator <a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a> led the remains of the expedition back to Spain across the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> and round the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>, completing the first world circumnavigation in 1522.<a href="#cite_note-oceanario-27">[27]</a> Sailing around and east of the Moluccas, between 1525 and 1527, Portuguese expeditions encountered the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whiteway-30">[30]</a> In 1542–43 the Portuguese also reached Japan.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1564, five Spanish ships carrying 379 soldiers crossed the ocean from Mexico led by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>, and colonized the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HendersonDelpar2000-32">[32]</a> For the remainder of the 16th century, Spain maintained military and mercantile control, with ships sailing from Mexico and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> across the Pacific Ocean to the Philippines via <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, and establishing the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleons</a> operated for two and a half centuries, linking <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, in one of the longest trade routes in history. Spanish expeditions also arrived at <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshalls</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a> in the South Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-Fernandez-Armesto_2006_305–307-33">[33]</a> Later, in the quest for <a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a> ("the [great] Southern Land"), Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_de_Queir%C3%B3s" title="Pedro Fernandes de Queirós">Pedro Fernandes de Queirós</a>, arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> archipelagos, and sailed the <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait" title="Torres Strait">Torres Strait</a> between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Vaz_de_Torres" title="Luís Vaz de Torres">Luís Vaz de Torres</a>. Dutch explorers, sailing around southern Africa, also engaged in exploration and trade; <a href="/wiki/Willem_Janszoon" title="Willem Janszoon">Willem Janszoon</a>, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in <a href="/wiki/Cape_York_Peninsula" title="Cape York Peninsula">Cape York Peninsula</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Janszoon Tasman</a> circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and New Zealand in 1642.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a <a href="/wiki/Mare_clausum" title="Mare clausum">mare clausum</a> – a sea closed to other naval powers. As the only known entrance from the Atlantic, the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a> was at times patrolled by fleets sent to prevent the entrance of non-Spanish ships. On the western side of the Pacific Ocean the Dutch threatened the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Spanish Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lytle-36">[36]</a> The 18th century marked the beginning of major exploration by the Russians in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/First_Kamchatka_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="First Kamchatka expedition">First Kamchatka expedition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a>, led by the Danish-born Russian navy officer <a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Vitus Bering</a>. Spain also sent <a href="/wiki/Spanish_expeditions_to_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest">expeditions to the Pacific Northwest</a>, reaching <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> in southern Canada, and Alaska. The French explored and colonized <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, and the British made three voyages with <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> to the South Pacific and Australia, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, and the North American <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>. In 1768, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_V%C3%A9ron" title="Pierre-Antoine Véron">Pierre-Antoine Véron</a>, a young <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> accompanying <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Bougainville" title="Louis Antoine de Bougainville">Louis Antoine de Bougainville</a> on his voyage of exploration, established the width of the Pacific with precision for the first time in history.<a href="#cite_note-Williams2004-37">[37]</a> One of the earliest voyages of scientific exploration was organized by Spain in the <a href="/wiki/Malaspina_Expedition" title="Malaspina Expedition">Malaspina Expedition</a> of 1789–1794. It sailed vast areas of the Pacific, from Cape Horn to Alaska, Guam and the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the South Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-Fernandez-Armesto_2006_305–307-33">[33]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Carta_universal_en_que_se_contiene_todo_lo_que_del_mundo_se_ha_descubierto_fasta_agora_hizola_Diego_Ribero_cosmographo_de_su_magestad,_ano_de_1529,_en_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Made in 1529, the Diogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size"><img alt="Made in 1529, the Diogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Carta_universal_en_que_se_contiene_todo_lo_que_del_mundo_se_ha_descubierto_fasta_agora_hizola_Diego_Ribero_cosmographo_de_su_magestad%2C_ano_de_1529%2C_en_Sevilla.jpg/424px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Carta_universal_en_que_se_contiene_todo_lo_que_del_mundo_se_ha_descubierto_fasta_agora_hizola_Diego_Ribero_cosmographo_de_su_magestad%2C_ano_de_1529%2C_en_Sevilla.jpg/636px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Carta_universal_en_que_se_contiene_todo_lo_que_del_mundo_se_ha_descubierto_fasta_agora_hizola_Diego_Ribero_cosmographo_de_su_magestad%2C_ano_de_1529%2C_en_Sevilla.jpg/848px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5471" data-file-height="2324" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Made in 1529, the <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Ribeiro_(cartographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogo Ribeiro (cartographer)">Diogo Ribeiro</a> map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754."><img alt="Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff/lossless-page1-280px-A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff.png" decoding="async" width="187" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff/lossless-page1-420px-A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff/lossless-page1-560px-A_compleat_chart_of_the_coast_of_Asia_and_America_with_the_great_South_Sea_-_R.W._Seale_del._et_sculp._NYPL465242.tiff.png 2x" data-file-width="5158" data-file-height="3315" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean[38]"><img alt="Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean[38]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg/260px-Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg/390px-Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg/520px-Ortelius_-_Maris_Pacifici_1589.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="2771" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maris_Pacifici" title="Maris Pacifici">Maris Pacifici</a> by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Ortelius</a> (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707"><img alt="Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff/lossy-page1-240px-A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff/lossy-page1-360px-A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff/lossy-page1-480px-A_generall_chart_of_the_South_Sea_..._NYPL481132.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7230" data-file-height="5428" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Imperialism">New Imperialism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New Imperialism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific Century</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_(DE-535)_over_the_Marianas_Trench,_23_January_1960_(NH_96797).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg/220px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg/330px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg/440px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4112" data-file-height="3058" /></a><figcaption>The bathyscaphe <a href="/wiki/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)" title="Trieste (bathyscaphe)">Trieste</a> before her record dive to the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a>, 23 January 1960</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg/220px-TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg/330px-TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg/440px-TahitiDupetitThouars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2247" data-file-height="1162" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abel_Aubert_du_Petit-Thouars" title="Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars">Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars</a> taking over <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> on 9 September 1842</figcaption></figure> Growing <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a> during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania by European powers, and later Japan and the United States. Significant contributions to oceanographic knowledge were made by the voyages of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Beagle" title="HMS Beagle">HMS Beagle</a> in the 1830s, with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> aboard;<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS Challenger</a> during the 1870s;<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> the <a href="/wiki/USS_Tuscarora_(1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Tuscarora (1861)">USS Tuscarora</a> (1873–76);<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> and the German Gazelle (1874–76).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In Oceania, France obtained a leading position as imperial power after making <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> protectorates in 1842 and 1853, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Asiapacific-43">[43]</a> After navy visits to <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> in 1875 and 1887, Chilean navy officer <a href="/wiki/Policarpo_Toro" title="Policarpo Toro">Policarpo Toro</a> negotiated the incorporation of the island into Chile with native <a href="/wiki/Rapanui" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapanui">Rapanui</a> in 1888. By occupying Easter Island, Chile joined the imperial nations.<a href="#cite_note-sater-44">[44]</a>: 53  By 1900 nearly all Pacific islands were in control of Britain, France, United States, Germany, Japan, and Chile.<a href="#cite_note-Asiapacific-43">[43]</a> Although the United States gained control of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and the Philippines from Spain in 1898,<a href="#cite_note-TewariAlvarez2008-45">[45]</a> Japan controlled most of the western Pacific by 1914 and occupied many other islands during the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>; however, by the end of that war, Japan was defeated and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Pacific Fleet</a> was the virtual master of the ocean. The Japanese-ruled <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> came under the control of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Since the end of World War II, many former colonies in the Pacific have become independent <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">states</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iss007e10807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iss007e10807.jpg/240px-Iss007e10807.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iss007e10807.jpg/360px-Iss007e10807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Iss007e10807.jpg/480px-Iss007e10807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="1853" /></a><figcaption>Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. Tops of <a href="/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud" title="Cumulonimbus cloud">thunderclouds</a> are also visible.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg/240px-Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg/360px-Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg/480px-Pacific_Basin_Island_Geography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Culture_Areas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pacific_Culture_Areas.png/300px-Pacific_Culture_Areas.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pacific_Culture_Areas.png/450px-Pacific_Culture_Areas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Pacific_Culture_Areas.png/600px-Pacific_Culture_Areas.png 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption>The three major cultural areas of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean islands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></figcaption></figure> The Pacific separates Asia and Australia from the Americas. It may be further subdivided by the equator into northern (North Pacific) and southern (South Pacific) portions. It extends from the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> region in the South to the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> in the north.<a href="#cite_note-ebc-1">[1]</a> The Pacific Ocean encompasses approximately one-third of the Earth's surface, having an area of 165,200,000 km2 (63,800,000 sq mi) – larger than Earth's entire landmass combined, 150,000,000 km2 (58,000,000 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Extending approximately 15,500 km (9,600 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> to the northern extent of the circumpolar <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> at <a href="/wiki/60th_parallel_south" title="60th parallel south">60°S</a> (older definitions extend it to <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a>), the Pacific reaches its greatest east–west width at about <a href="/wiki/5th_parallel_north" title="5th parallel north">5°N latitude</a>, where it stretches approximately 19,800 km (12,300 mi) from Indonesia to the coast of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> – halfway around the world, and more than five times the diameter of the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-Nuttall2005-48">[48]</a> Its geographic center is in eastern <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a>, just west from <a href="/wiki/Starbuck_Island" title="Starbuck Island">Starbuck Island</a> at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pacific_Ocean&params=4.97_S_158.75_W_type:landmark_region:FR_scale:10000">4°58′S 158°45′W / 4.97°S 158.75°W / -4.97; -158.75</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The lowest known point on Earth – the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a> – lies 10,911 m (35,797 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a>; 5,966 <a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathoms</a>) below sea level. Its average depth is 4,280 m (14,040 ft; 2,340 fathoms), putting the total water volume at roughly 710,000,000 km3 (170,000,000 cu mi).<a href="#cite_note-ebc-1">[1]</a> Due to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a>, the Pacific Ocean is currently shrinking by roughly 2.5 cm (1 in) per year on three sides, roughly averaging 0.52 km2 (0.20 sq mi) a year. By contrast, the Atlantic Ocean is increasing in size.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Young2009-51">[51]</a> Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which are the <a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> (East Sea), <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> (South Sea), <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> (West Sea of Korea). The <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia#Indonesian_Seaway" title="Geology of Indonesia">Indonesian Seaway</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait" title="Torres Strait">Torres Strait</a>) joins the Pacific and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Drake_Passage" title="Drake Passage">Drake Passage</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a> link the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean on the east. To the north, the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> connects the Pacific with the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Organization1953-52">[52]</a> As the Pacific straddles the <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a>, the West Pacific (or western Pacific, near Asia) is in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a>, while the East Pacific (or eastern Pacific, near the Americas) is in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lydia-53">[53]</a> The Southern Pacific Ocean harbors the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Indian_Ridge" title="Southeast Indian Ridge">Southeast Indian Ridge</a> crossing from south of Australia turning into the <a href="/wiki/Pacific-Antarctic_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific-Antarctic Ridge">Pacific-Antarctic Ridge</a> (north of the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a>) and merges with another ridge (south of South America) to form the <a href="/wiki/East_Pacific_Rise" title="East Pacific Rise">East Pacific Rise</a> which also connects with another ridge (south of North America) which overlooks the <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_Ridge" title="Juan de Fuca Ridge">Juan de Fuca Ridge</a>. For most of Magellan's voyage from the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the explorer indeed found the ocean peaceful; however, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Many <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storms</a> batter the islands of the Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The lands around the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> are full of <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a> and often affected by <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">Tsunamis</a>, caused by underwater earthquakes, have devastated many islands and in some cases destroyed entire towns.<a href="#cite_note-Bryant2008-55">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Martin_Waldseem%C3%BCller" title="Martin Waldseemüller">Martin Waldseemüller</a> map of 1507 was the first to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Later, the <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Ribeiro_(cartographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogo Ribeiro (cartographer)">Diogo Ribeiro</a> map of 1529 was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bordering_countries">Bordering countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bordering countries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/340px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/510px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/680px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) map of the Pacific which excludes non-tropical islands.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">why?</a>]</figcaption></figure> (Inhabited dependent territories are denoted by the asterisk (*), with names of the corresponding sovereign states in round brackets. Associated states in the Realm of New Zealand are denoted by the hash sign (#).) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Asia-Pacific">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>* (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> #</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>* (France)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /> <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>* (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>* (People's Republic of China)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>* (People's Republic of China)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/23px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/35px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/46px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>* (France)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> #</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460" /> <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>* (Australia)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>* (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a>* (UK)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>* (New Zealand)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a>* (France)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Americas">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uninhabited_territories">Uninhabited territories</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uninhabited territories">edit</a>]</div> Territories with no permanent civilian population. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a> (France)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a> (Australia)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Island</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a> (Australia)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a> (US)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> (US)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmasses_and_islands">Landmasses and islands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Landmasses and islands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg/240px-South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg/360px-South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg/480px-South_Tarawa_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tarawa_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarawa Atoll">Tarawa Atoll</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></figcaption></figure> The Pacific Ocean has most of the islands in the world. There are about 25,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The islands entirely within the Pacific Ocean can be divided into three main groups known as <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>. Micronesia, which lies north of the equator and west of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>, includes the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> in the northwest, the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> in the center, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> to the east and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> in the southeast.<a href="#cite_note-AAE-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-LalFortune2000p63-62">[62]</a> Melanesia, to the southwest, includes <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, the world's second largest island after <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-West2009-63">[63]</a> The largest area, <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, stretching from <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austral_Islands" title="Austral Islands">Austral Islands</a> in the center, and the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangareva_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangareva Islands">Mangareva Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> to the east.<a href="#cite_note-DunfordRidgell1996-64">[64]</a> Islands in the Pacific Ocean are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. Continental islands lie outside the andesite line and include New Guinea, the islands of New Zealand, and the Philippines. Some of these islands are structurally associated with nearby continents. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a>, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands.<a href="#cite_note-GillespieClague2009-65">[65]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a> of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. One of the most dramatic is the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Banaba_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaba Island">Banaba</a> (formerly Ocean Island) and <a href="/wiki/Makatea" title="Makatea">Makatea</a> in the Tuamotu group of <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ladrilleros Beach in Colombia on the coast of Chocó natural region"><img alt="Ladrilleros Beach in Colombia on the coast of Chocó natural region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg/161px-Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg/241px-Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg/321px-Ladrilleros_Beach_Colombia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="853" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ladrilleros Beach in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Chocó natural region</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahuna maru islet, French Polynesia"><img alt="Tahuna maru islet, French Polynesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg/164px-Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg/247px-Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg/329px-Tahuna_maru_islet_Raroia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="450" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tahuna maru islet, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Molinos.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Los Molinos on the coast of Southern Chile"><img alt="Los Molinos on the coast of Southern Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Los_Molinos.JPG/160px-Los_Molinos.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Los_Molinos.JPG/240px-Los_Molinos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Los_Molinos.JPG/320px-Los_Molinos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Los_Molinos,_Chile" title="Los Molinos, Chile">Los Molinos</a> on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Zona_Sur" title="Zona Sur">Southern Chile</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_characteristics">Water characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Water characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_Marina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sunset_Marina.JPG/220px-Sunset_Marina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sunset_Marina.JPG/330px-Sunset_Marina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sunset_Marina.JPG/440px-Sunset_Marina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sunset in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey County, California</a>, U.S.</figcaption></figure> The volume of the Pacific Ocean, representing about 50.1 percent of the world's oceanic water, has been estimated at some 714 million cubic kilometers (171 million cubic miles).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Surface water temperatures in the Pacific can vary from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F), the freezing point of seawater, in the poleward areas to about 30 °C (86 °F) near the equator.<a href="#cite_note-Mongillo2000-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">Salinity</a> also varies latitudinally, reaching a maximum of 37 parts per thousand in the southeastern area. The water near the equator, which can have a salinity as low as 34 parts per thousand, is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes because of abundant equatorial precipitation throughout the year. The lowest counts of less than 32 parts per thousand are found in the far north as less evaporation of seawater takes place in these frigid areas.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The motion of Pacific waters is generally clockwise in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_gyre" title="Ocean gyre">North Pacific gyre</a>) and counter-clockwise in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>. The <a href="/wiki/North_Equatorial_Current" title="North Equatorial Current">North Equatorial Current</a>, driven westward along <a href="/wiki/15th_parallel_north" title="15th parallel north">latitude 15°N</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a>, turns north near the Philippines to become the warm Japan or <a href="/wiki/Kuroshio_Current" title="Kuroshio Current">Kuroshio Current</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Turning eastward at about <a href="/wiki/45th_parallel_north" title="45th parallel north">45°N</a>, the Kuroshio forks and some water moves northward as the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Current" title="Aleutian Current">Aleutian Current</a>, while the rest turns southward to rejoin the North Equatorial Current.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The Aleutian Current branches as it approaches North America and forms the base of a counter-clockwise circulation in the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>. Its southern arm becomes the chilled slow, south-flowing <a href="/wiki/California_Current" title="California Current">California Current</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/South_Equatorial_Current" title="South Equatorial Current">South Equatorial Current</a>, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, turns east at about <a href="/wiki/50th_parallel_south" title="50th parallel south">50°S</a>, and joins the main westerly circulation of the South Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current" title="Antarctic Circumpolar Current">Antarctic Circumpolar Current</a>. As it approaches the Chilean coast, the South Equatorial Current divides; one branch flows around <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a> and the other turns north to form the Peru or <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Current" title="Humboldt Current">Humboldt Current</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_nino_north_american_weather.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/El_nino_north_american_weather.png/240px-El_nino_north_american_weather.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/El_nino_north_american_weather.png/360px-El_nino_north_american_weather.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/El_nino_north_american_weather.png/480px-El_nino_north_american_weather.png 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>Impact of <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> on North America</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png/240px-Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png/360px-Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png/480px-Tip_1979-10-12_0533Z.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Tip" title="Typhoon Tip">Typhoon Tip</a> at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979</figcaption></figure> The climate patterns of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres generally mirror each other. The <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> in the southern and eastern Pacific are remarkably steady while conditions in the North Pacific are far more varied with, for example, cold winter temperatures on the east coast of Russia contrasting with the milder weather off <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> during the winter months due to the preferred flow of <a href="/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">ocean currents</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o_Southern_Oscillation" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño Southern Oscillation">El Niño Southern Oscillation</a> (ENSO) affects weather conditions. To determine the phase of ENSO, the most recent three-month <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">sea surface temperature</a> average for the area approximately 3,000 km (1,900 mi) to the southeast of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> is computed, and if the region is more than 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) above or below normal for that period, then an <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> or <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> is considered in progress.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In the tropical western Pacific, the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> and the related <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Worldwide, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> activity peaks in late summer, when the difference between temperatures aloft and sea surface temperatures is the greatest; however, each particular basin has its own seasonal patterns. On a worldwide scale, May is the least active month, while September is the most active month. November is the only month in which all the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_basins" title="Tropical cyclone basins">tropical cyclone basins</a> are active.<a href="#cite_note-AOML_FAQ_G1-78">[78]</a> The Pacific hosts the two most active <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_basins" title="Tropical cyclone basins">tropical cyclone basins</a>, which are the northwestern Pacific and the eastern Pacific. <a href="/wiki/Pacific_hurricane" title="Pacific hurricane">Pacific hurricanes</a> form south of Mexico, sometimes striking the western Mexican coast and occasionally the Southwestern United States between June and October, while <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a> forming in the northwestern Pacific moving into southeast and east Asia from May to December. Tropical cyclones also form in the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_tropical_cyclone" title="South Pacific tropical cyclone">South Pacific basin</a>, where they occasionally impact island nations.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In the arctic, icing from October to May can present a hazard for shipping while persistent fog occurs from June to December.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> A climatological low in the Gulf of Alaska keeps the southern coast wet and mild during the winter months. The <a href="/wiki/Westerlies" title="Westerlies">Westerlies</a> and associated <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a> within the Mid-Latitudes can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the temperature difference between the tropics and Antarctica,<a href="#cite_note-Stimac-81">[81]</a> which records the coldest temperature readings on the planet. In the Southern hemisphere, because of the stormy and cloudy conditions associated with <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclones</a> riding the jet stream, it is usual to refer to the Westerlies as the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties according to the varying degrees of latitude.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="Geology of the Pacific Ocean">Geology of the Pacific Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific plate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg/390px-Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg/585px-Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg/780px-Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">oceanic trenches</a>. This map does not show the <a href="/wiki/Cascadia_subduction_zone" title="Cascadia subduction zone">Cascadia subduction zone</a> along part of the west coast of North America, whose trench is completely buried in sediments.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulawun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ulawun.jpg/220px-Ulawun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ulawun.jpg/330px-Ulawun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ulawun.jpg/440px-Ulawun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ulawun" title="Ulawun">Ulawun</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Saint_Helens,_June_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mount_Saint_Helens%2C_June_2020.jpg/220px-Mount_Saint_Helens%2C_June_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mount_Saint_Helens%2C_June_2020.jpg/330px-Mount_Saint_Helens%2C_June_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mount_Saint_Helens%2C_June_2020.jpg/440px-Mount_Saint_Helens%2C_June_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Skamania_County,_Washington" title="Skamania County, Washington">Skamania County, Washington</a>, U.S. in 2020</figcaption></figure> The ocean was first mapped by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a>; he called it Maris Pacifici following <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>'s description of it as "a pacific sea" during his circumnavigation from 1519 to 1522. To Magellan, it seemed much more calm (pacific) than the Atlantic.<a href="#cite_note-Library2006-83">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Andesite_line" title="Andesite line">andesite line</a> is the most significant regional distinction in the Pacific. A petrologic boundary, it separates the deeper, <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of <a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a> igneous rock on its margins.<a href="#cite_note-TrentHazlett2010-84">[84]</a> The andesite line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian arc</a>, along the eastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>, Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, and New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LalFortune2000p4-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-Dombois1998-86">[86]</a> The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Cordillera" title="American Cordillera">Cordillera</a> along South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesite line. Within the closed loop of the andesite line are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic mountains, and oceanic volcanic islands that characterize the Pacific basin. Here basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. Outside the andesite line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a> is the world's foremost belt of explosive <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AAE-61">[61]</a> The Ring of Fire is named after the several hundred active volcanoes that sit above the various subduction zones. The Pacific Ocean is the only ocean which is mostly bounded by <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> zones. Only the central part of the North American coast and the Antarctic and Australian coasts have no nearby subduction zones. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geological_history">Geological history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Geological history">edit</a>]</div> The Pacific Ocean was born 750 million years ago at the breakup of <a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a>, although it is generally called the <a href="/wiki/Panthalassa" title="Panthalassa">Panthalassa</a> until the breakup of <a href="/wiki/Pangea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangea">Pangea</a>, about 200 million years ago.<a href="#cite_note-geol.umd.edu-87">[87]</a> The oldest Pacific Ocean floor is only around 180 <a href="/wiki/Mega-annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega-annum">Ma</a> old, with older crust subducted by now.<a href="#cite_note-MussettKhan2000-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seamount_chains">Seamount chains</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Seamount chains">edit</a>]</div> The Pacific Ocean contains several long <a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">seamount</a> chains, formed by <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot volcanism</a>. These include the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian%E2%80%93Emperor_seamount_chain" title="Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain">Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Ridge" title="Louisville Ridge">Louisville Ridge</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is hampered by the ocean's great depths. In shallow waters of the continental shelves off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> are extracted, and <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a> are harvested along the coasts of Australia, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, Nicaragua, Panama, and the Philippines, although in sharply declining volume in some cases.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishing">Fishing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Fishing">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> are an important economic asset in the Pacific. The shallower shoreline waters of the continents and the more temperate islands yield <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australasian_snapper" title="Australasian snapper">snapper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a> has become a serious problem in some areas. Overfishing leads to depleted fish populations and closed fisheries, causing both economic and ecologic consequences.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> For example, catches in the rich fishing grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Okhotsk Sea</a> off the Russian coast have been reduced by at least half since the 1990s as a result of overfishing.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Environment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch" title="Great Pacific Garbage Patch">Great Pacific Garbage Patch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping" title="Environmental impact of shipping">Environmental impact of shipping</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/330px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/495px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg/660px-Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3660" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption>Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_debris_on_Hawaiian_coast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marine_debris_on_Hawaiian_coast.jpg/220px-Marine_debris_on_Hawaiian_coast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marine_debris_on_Hawaiian_coast.jpg/330px-Marine_debris_on_Hawaiian_coast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Marine_debris_on_Hawaiian_coast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marine_debris" title="Marine debris">Marine debris</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiian</a> coast in 2008</figcaption></figure> The Northwestern Pacific Ocean is most susceptible to micro plastic pollution due to its proximity to highly populated countries like Japan and China.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The ever-growing <a href="/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch" title="Great Pacific Garbage Patch">Great Pacific Garbage Patch</a> between California and Japan is three times the size of France.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> An estimated 80,000 metric tons of plastic inhabit the patch, totaling 1.8 trillion pieces.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">Marine pollution</a> is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their waste.<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-98">[98]</a> The rivers then empty into the ocean, often also bringing chemicals used as <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> in agriculture. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals in the water leads to <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">hypoxia</a> and the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology)" title="Dead zone (ecology)">dead zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_debris" title="Marine debris">Marine debris</a>, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has ended up floating in a lake, sea, ocean, or waterway. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter.<a href="#cite_note-news.nationalgeographic.com-98">[98]</a> In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including <a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Satellite" title="Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite">Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_waste">Nuclear waste</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Nuclear waste">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20200926fukushima01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/20200926fukushima01.jpg/220px-20200926fukushima01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/20200926fukushima01.jpg/330px-20200926fukushima01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/20200926fukushima01.jpg/440px-20200926fukushima01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Japanese Prime Minister Suga</a> declined to drink the bottle of <a href="/wiki/Discharge_of_radioactive_water_of_the_Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">Fukushima's treated radioactive water</a> that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-Asahi_Shimbun_20201103-100">[100]</a></figcaption></figure> From 1946 to 1958, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> served as the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Proving_Grounds" title="Pacific Proving Grounds">Pacific Proving Grounds</a>, designated by the United States, and played host to a total of 67 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear test">nuclear tests</a> conducted across various atolls.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> were lost in the Pacific Ocean,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> including one-megaton bomb that was lost during the <a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_Sea_A-4_incident" title="1965 Philippine Sea A-4 incident">1965 Philippine Sea A-4 incident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Discharge_of_radioactive_water_of_the_Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">discharge of radioactive water from the Fukushima nuclear plant</a> into the Pacific Ocean over a course of 30 years was approved by the Japanese Cabinet. The Cabinet concluded the radioactive water would have been diluted to drinkable standard.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_20210413-105">[105]</a> Apart from dumping, <a href="/wiki/Leakage_of_radioactive_water_of_the_Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Leakage of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">leakage of tritium into the Pacific</a> was estimated to be between 20 and 40 trillion <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bqs</a> from 2011 to 2013, according to the Fukushima plant.<a href="#cite_note-Scientific_American_20130813-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deep_sea_mining">Deep sea mining</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Deep sea mining">edit</a>]</div> An emerging threat for the Pacific Ocean is the development of <a href="/wiki/Deep-sea_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-sea mining">deep-sea mining</a>. Deep-sea mining is aimed at extracting <a href="/wiki/Manganese_nodules" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganese nodules">manganese nodules</a> that contain minerals such as magnesium, nickel, copper, zinc and cobalt. The largest deposits of these are found in the Pacific Ocean between Mexico and Hawaii in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarion_Clipperton_fracture_zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarion Clipperton fracture zone (page does not exist)">Clarion Clipperton fracture zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Deep-sea mining for manganese nodules appears to have drastic consequences for the ocean. It disrupts deep-sea ecosystems and may cause irreversible damage to fragile marine habitats.<a href="#cite_note-Halfar2007-108">[108]</a> Sediment stirring and chemical pollution threaten various marine animals. In addition, the mining process can lead to greenhouse gas emissions and promote further climate change. Preventing deep-sea mining is therefore important to ensure the long-term health of the ocean.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_ports_and_harbors">Major ports and harbors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Major ports and harbors">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (December 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_major_ports">List of major ports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: List of major ports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanillo,_Colima" title="Manzanillo, Colima">Manzanillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhodka" title="Nakhodka">Nakhodka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_seas,_gulfs_and_bays_by_surface_area">List of seas, gulfs and bays by surface area</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: List of seas, gulfs and bays by surface area">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a>: 5,695,000 km2 (2,199,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a>: 4,791,000 km2 (1,850,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>: 3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>: 2,300,000 km2 (890,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>: 2,000,000 km2 (770,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a>: 1,583,000 km2 (611,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a>: 1,533,000 km2 (592,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a>: 1,249,000 km2 (482,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a>: 978,000 km2 (378,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a>: 720,000 km2 (280,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a>: 650,000 km2 (250,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a>: 470,000 km2 (180,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>: 380,000 km2 (150,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a>: 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a>: 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a>: 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a>: 280,000 km2 (110,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a>: 260,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a>: 250,400 km2 (96,700 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a>: 240,000 km2 (93,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a>: 200,000 km2 (77,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a>: 200,000 km2 (77,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a>: 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a>: 126,250 km2 (48,750 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a>: 95,000 km2 (37,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a>: 78,000 km2 (30,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Papua" title="Gulf of Papua">Gulf of Papua</a>: 70,400 km2 (27,200 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a>: 58,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a>: 45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a>: 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a> 29,000 km2 (11,000 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a>: 23,203 km2 (8,959 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a> 22,400 km2 (8,600 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a> 12,000 km (7,500 mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a> 11,850 km2 (4,580 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a> 2,400 km2 (930 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a>: 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a>: 1,930 km2 (750 sq mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Bay" title="Tokyo Bay">Tokyo Bay</a>: 1,500 km2 (580 sq mi)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific">List of islands in the Pacific</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: List of islands in the Pacific">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">List of islands in the Pacific Ocean</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories_of_natural_delimitation_between_the_Atlantic_and_Pacific_oceans">Theories of natural delimitation between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Theories of natural delimitation between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg/300px-Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg/450px-Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg/600px-Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_fracture_zone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the proposal presented by the thesis entitled "<a href="/wiki/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_Fracture_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone">Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone</a>".</figcaption></figure> Scientific researchers have proposed delimiting the boundary between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by two different natural boundaries, <a href="/wiki/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_Fracture_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone">by the Shackleton fracture zone</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Scotia_Arc" title="Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Scotia Arc">by the Scotia Arc</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> the former being more current than the latter. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Americas_by_coastline#Pacific_Ocean_coast" title="List of rivers of the Americas by coastline">List of rivers of the Americas by coastline#Pacific Ocean coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tikhanov" title="Mikhail Tikhanov">Mikhail Tikhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Seas" title="Seven Seas">Seven Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Shackleton_Fracture_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone">Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Shackleton Fracture Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_delimitation_between_the_Pacific_and_South_Atlantic_oceans_by_the_Scotia_Arc" title="Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Scotia Arc">Natural delimitation between the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans by the Scotia Arc</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/21px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/42px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/21px-Earth_Day_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/32px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/42px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ecology" title="Portal:Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/21px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/42px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Weather" title="Portal:Weather">Weather</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ebc-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebc_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebc_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebc_1-2">c</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pacific-Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica Concise</a>. 2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/04currents1.html">"The Coriolis Effect"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 8 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Coriolis+Effect&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foceanservice.noaa.gov%2Feducation%2Ftutorial_currents%2F04currents1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/pacific-size.html">"How big is the Pacific Ocean?"</a>. US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 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New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199925070" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199925070"><bdi>978-0199925070</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Peopling+of+Sahul+and+Near+Oceania&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+handbook+of+prehistoric+Oceania&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0199925070&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.au=Hiscock%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jett2017-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Jett2017_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJett2017" class="citation book cs1">Jett, Stephen C. 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In Acri, Andrea; Blench, Roger; Landmann, Alexandra (eds.). Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 325–440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9814762755" title="Special:BookSources/978-9814762755"><bdi>978-9814762755</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726134025/https://books.google.com/books?id=uJsnDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020. 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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (13): e2026132118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PNAS..11826132L">2021PNAS..11826132L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2026132118">10.1073/pnas.2026132118</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020671">8020671</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33753512">33753512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Multiple+migrations+to+the+Philippines+during+the+last+50%2C000+years&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=e2026132118&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8020671%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33753512&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2026132118&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PNAS..11826132L&rft.aulast=Larena&rft.aufirst=Maximilian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8020671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanley2004-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Stanley2004_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley2004" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EDGapfBX-CAC">South Pacific</a>. 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Producing the Pacific: Maps and Narratives of Spanish Exploration (1567–1606), p. 76. 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Guampedia entry on Ferdinand Magellan| url = <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.guampedia.com/ferdinand-magellan/">https://www.guampedia.com/ferdinand-magellan/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-oceanario-27"><a href="#cite_ref-oceanario_27-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130616003402/http://www.oceanario.pt/cms/1316/">"Life in the sea: Pacific Ocean"</a>, Oceanário de Lisboa. 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Kessinger Publishing. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-9022-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-9022-1"><bdi>978-0-7661-9022-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discoveries+of+the+World+from+Their+First+Original+Unto+the+Year+of+Our+Lord+1555%2C+issued+by+the+Hakluyt+Society&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1&rft.aulast=Galvano&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXivHTiZoMycC%26pg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKratoska2001" class="citation book cs1">Kratoska, Paul H. 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Constable. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseportuguesep00whitgoog/page/n353">333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rise+of+Portuguese+power+in+India%2C+1497%E2%80%931550&rft.place=Westminster&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=A.+Constable&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Whiteway&rft.aufirst=Richard+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseportuguesep00whitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Steven Thomas, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balagan.info/portuguese-in-japan">"Portuguese in Japan"</a>. Steven's Balagan. 25 April 2006. 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Southern Fried Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+many+nuclear+weapons+are+at+the+bottom+of+the+sea.+An+%28almost+certainly+incomplete%29+census+of+broken+arrows+over+water.&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft.aulast=Thaler&rft.aufirst=Andrew+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernfriedscience.com%2Fhow-many-nuclear-weapons-are-at-the-bottom-of-the-sea-an-almost-certainly-incomplete-census-of-broken-arrows-over-water%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalloran1981" class="citation news cs1">Halloran, Richard (26 May 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/26/us/us-discloses-accidents-involving-nuclear-weapons.html">"U.S. discloses accidents involving nuclear weapons"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+discloses+accidents+involving+nuclear+weapons&rft.date=1981-05-26&rft.aulast=Halloran&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F05%2F26%2Fus%2Fus-discloses-accidents-involving-nuclear-weapons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_20210413-105"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_20210413_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56728068">"Fukushima: Japan approves releasing wastewater into ocean"</a>. BBC. 13 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fukushima%3A+Japan+approves+releasing+wastewater+into+ocean&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-56728068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scientific_American_20130813-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Scientific_American_20130813_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsu2013" class="citation news cs1">Hsu, Jeremy (13 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/radioactive-water-leaks-from-fukushima/">"Radioactive Water Leaks from Fukushima: What We Know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Radioactive+Water+Leaks+from+Fukushima%3A+What+We+Know&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fradioactive-water-leaks-from-fukushima%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2017/12/the-clarion-clipperton-zone">'PEW – The Clarion-Clipperton Zone – Valuable minerals and many unusual species can be found on the eastern Pacific Ocean seafloor'</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halfar2007-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Halfar2007_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJochen_Halfar,_Rodney_M._Fujita2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jochen Halfar, Rodney M. Fujita (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621020717/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5827/987.full">"Danger of Deep-Sea Mining"</a>. Science. 316 (5827): 987. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1138289">10.1126/science.1138289</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17510349">17510349</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5827/987.full">the original</a> on 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Danger+of+Deep-Sea+Mining&rft.volume=316&rft.issue=5827&rft.pages=987&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1138289&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17510349&rft.au=Jochen+Halfar%2C+Rodney+M.+Fujita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F316%2F5827%2F987.full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603005737/http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/impacts-of-mining-deep-sea-polymetallic-nodules-in-the-pacific">"Impacts of mining deep sea polymetallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean | Deep Sea Mining: Out of Our Depth"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/impacts-of-mining-deep-sea-polymetallic-nodules-in-the-pacific/">the original</a> on 3 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Impacts+of+mining+deep+sea+polymetallic+nodules+in+the+Pacific+Ocean+%26%23124%3B+Deep+Sea+Mining%3A+Out+of+Our+Depth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org%2Fimpacts-of-mining-deep-sea-polymetallic-nodules-in-the-pacific%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Ignacio_Ipinza_MayorCedomir_Marangunic_Damianovic2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Juan Ignacio Ipinza Mayor; Cedomir Marangunic Damianovic (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicacionesanepe.cl/index.php/cdt/article/download/950/616">"Algunas Consecuencias Jurídicas De La Invocación Por Parte De Chile De La "Teoría De La Delimitación Natural De Los Océanos" En El Diferendo Sobre La Plataforma Continental Austral"</a>. ANEPE (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANEPE&rft.atitle=Algunas+Consecuencias+Jur%C3%ADdicas+De+La+Invocaci%C3%B3n+Por+Parte+De+Chile+De+La+%22Teor%C3%ADa+De+La+Delimitaci%C3%B3n+Natural+De+Los+Oc%C3%A9anos%22+En+El+Diferendo+Sobre+La+Plataforma+Continental+Austral&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Juan+Ignacio+Ipinza+Mayor&rft.au=Cedomir+Marangunic+Damianovic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicacionesanepe.cl%2Findex.php%2Fcdt%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F950%2F616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarros_González1987" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barros González, Guillermo (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/1987/2/barros.pdf">"El Arco de Scotia, separación natural de los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Revista_de_Marina" title="Revista de Marina">Revista de Marina</a> (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Marina&rft.atitle=El+Arco+de+Scotia%2C+separaci%C3%B3n+natural+de+los+oc%C3%A9anos+Pac%C3%ADfico+y+Atl%C3%A1ntico&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Barros+Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Guillermo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistamarina.cl%2Frevistas%2F1987%2F2%2Fbarros.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassarelli1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Passarelli, Bruno (1998). El delirio armado: Argentina-Chile, la guerra que evitó el Papa (in Spanish). Editorial Sudamericana. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-5007-1469-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-5007-1469-3"><bdi>978-9-5007-1469-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+delirio+armado%3A+Argentina-Chile%2C+la+guerra+que+evit%C3%B3+el+Papa&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Editorial+Sudamericana&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-9-5007-1469-3&rft.aulast=Passarelli&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantibañez1969" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Santibañez, Rafael (1969). "El Canal Beagle y la delimitación de los océanos". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CUqUW4UlRN4C&q=Los+derechos+de+Chile+en+el+Beagle">Los derechos de Chile en el Beagle</a> (in Spanish). Santiago: Editorial Andrés Bello. pp. 95–109. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1611130">1611130</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+Canal+Beagle+y+la+delimitaci%C3%B3n+de+los+oc%C3%A9anos&rft.btitle=Los+derechos+de+Chile+en+el+Beagle&rft.place=Santiago&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.pub=Editorial+Andr%C3%A9s+Bello&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1611130&rft.aulast=Santiba%C3%B1ez&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCUqUW4UlRN4C%26q%3DLos%2Bderechos%2Bde%2BChile%2Ben%2Bel%2BBeagle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkley1968" class="citation book cs1">Barkley, Richard A. (1968). Oceanographic Atlas of the Pacific Ocean. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oceanographic+Atlas+of+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Barkley&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFprepared_by_the_Special_Publications_Division,_National_Geographic_Society.1985" class="citation book cs1">prepared by the Special Publications Division, National Geographic Society. (1985). Blue Horizons: Paradise Isles of the Pacific. Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87044-544-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87044-544-6"><bdi>978-0-87044-544-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Horizons%3A+Paradise+Isles+of+the+Pacific&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-87044-544-6&rft.au=prepared+by+the+Special+Publications+Division%2C+National+Geographic+Society.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron1987" class="citation book cs1">Cameron, Ian (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostparadiseexpl00came">Lost Paradise: The Exploration of the Pacific</a>. Topsfield, MA: Salem House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88162-275-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88162-275-1"><bdi>978-0-88162-275-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Paradise%3A+The+Exploration+of+the+Pacific&rft.place=Topsfield%2C+MA&rft.pub=Salem+House&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88162-275-1&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostparadiseexpl00came&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouper1989" class="citation book cs1">Couper, A.D., ed. (1989). Development and Social Change in the Pacific Islands. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-00917-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-00917-1"><bdi>978-0-415-00917-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+and+Social+Change+in+the+Pacific+Islands&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-415-00917-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1971" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, John (1971). Charting the Vast Pacific. London: Aldus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-490-00226-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-490-00226-5"><bdi>978-0-490-00226-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charting+the+Vast+Pacific&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aldus&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-490-00226-5&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgler2013" class="citation book cs1">Igler, David (2013). The Great Ocean: Pacific Worlds from Captain Cook to the Gold Rush. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-991495-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-991495-1"><bdi>978-0-19-991495-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Ocean%3A+Pacific+Worlds+from+Captain+Cook+to+the+Gold+Rush&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-991495-1&rft.aulast=Igler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Jones, Eric, Lionel Frost, and Colin White. Coming Full Circle: An Economic History of the Pacific Rim (Westview Press, 1993)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLower1978" class="citation book cs1">Lower, J. Arthur (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oceanofdestinyco0000lowe">Ocean of Destiny: A Concise History of the North Pacific, 1500–1978</a>. Vancouver: <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia_Press" title="University of British Columbia Press">University of British Columbia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0101-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0101-0"><bdi>978-0-7748-0101-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ocean+of+Destiny%3A+A+Concise+History+of+the+North+Pacific%2C+1500%E2%80%931978&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-0101-0&rft.aulast=Lower&rft.aufirst=J.+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foceanofdestinyco0000lowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNapierGilbert,_J.Holland,_J.1973" class="citation book cs1">Napier, W.; Gilbert, J.; Holland, J. (1973). Pacific Voyages. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-04335-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-04335-9"><bdi>978-0-385-04335-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Voyages&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-385-04335-9&rft.aulast=Napier&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+J.&rft.au=Holland%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunn1998" class="citation book cs1">Nunn, Patrick D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AN8486A8fMcC&pg=PA15">Pacific Island Landscapes: Landscape and Geological Development of Southwest Pacific Islands, Especially Fiji, Samoa and Tonga</a>. editorips@usp.ac.fj. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-982-02-0129-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-982-02-0129-3"><bdi>978-982-02-0129-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Island+Landscapes%3A+Landscape+and+Geological+Development+of+Southwest+Pacific+Islands%2C+Especially+Fiji%2C+Samoa+and+Tonga&rft.pub=editorips%40usp.ac.fj&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-982-02-0129-3&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=Patrick+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAN8486A8fMcC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1989" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, Douglas L. (1989). The Pacific Islands (3rd ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1233-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1233-1"><bdi>978-0-8248-1233-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+Islands&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1233-1&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Douglas+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Paine, Lincoln. The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World (2015).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidgell1988" class="citation book cs1">Ridgell, Reilly (1988). Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia (2nd ed.). Honolulu: Bess Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-935848-50-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-935848-50-2"><bdi>978-0-935848-50-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Nations+and+Territories%3A+The+Islands+of+Micronesia%2C+Melanesia%2C+and+Polynesia&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Bess+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-935848-50-2&rft.aulast=Ridgell&rft.aufirst=Reilly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Samson, Jane. British imperial strategies in the Pacific, 1750–1900 (Ashgate Publishing, 2003).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoule1970" class="citation book cs1">Soule, Gardner (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatestdepthspr00soul">The Greatest Depths: Probing the Seas to 20,000 feet (6,100 m) and Below</a>. Philadelphia: Macrae Smith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8255-8350-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8255-8350-6"><bdi>978-0-8255-8350-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Depths%3A+Probing+the+Seas+to+20%2C000+feet+%286%2C100+m%29+and+Below&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Macrae+Smith&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-8255-8350-6&rft.aulast=Soule&rft.aufirst=Gardner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatestdepthspr00soul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpate1988" class="citation book cs1">Spate, O.H.K. (1988). Paradise Found and Lost. Minneapolis: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-1715-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-1715-9"><bdi>978-0-8166-1715-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+Found+and+Lost&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-1715-9&rft.aulast=Spate&rft.aufirst=O.H.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerrell1986" class="citation book cs1">Terrell, John (1986). Prehistory in the Pacific Islands: A Study of Variation in Language, Customs, and Human Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30604-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30604-1"><bdi>978-0-521-30604-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistory+in+the+Pacific+Islands%3A+A+Study+of+Variation+in+Language%2C+Customs%2C+and+Human+Biology&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30604-1&rft.aulast=Terrell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Historiography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Calder, Alex, et al. eds. Voyages and Beaches: Pacific Encounters, 1769–1840 (U of Hawai'i Press, 1999)</li> <li>Davidson, James Wightman. "Problems of Pacific history." Journal of Pacific History 1#1 (1966): 5–21.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Newton_Dickson" title="Henry Newton Dickson">Dickson, Henry Newton</a> (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pacific_Ocean">"Pacific Ocean" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 434–441.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pacific+Ocean&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E434-%3C%2Fspan%3E441&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Henry+Newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Dirlik, Arif. "The Asia-Pacific Idea: Reality and Representation in the Invention of a Regional Structure", Journal of World History 3#1 (1992): 55–79.</li> <li>Dixon, Chris, and David Drakakis-Smith. "The Pacific Asian Region: Myth or Reality?" Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 77#@ (1995): 75+</li> <li>Dodge, Ernest S. New England and the South Seas (Harvard UP, 1965).</li> <li>Flynn, Dennis O., Arturo Giráldez, and James Sobredo, eds. Studies in Pacific History: Economics, Politics, and Migration (Ashgate, 2002).</li> <li>Gulliver, Katrina. "Finding the Pacific world." Journal of World History 22#1 (2011): 83–100. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/241829/Finding_the_Pacific_World">online</a></li> <li>Korhonen, Pekka. "The Pacific Age in World History", Journal of World History 7#1 (1996): 41–70.</li> <li>Munro, Doug. The Ivory Tower and Beyond: Participant Historians of the Pacific (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009).</li> <li>"Recent Literature in Discovery History." Terrae Incognitae, annual feature in January issue since 1979; comprehensive listing of new books and articles.</li> <li>Routledge, David. "Pacific history as seen from the Pacific Islands." Pacific Studies 8#2 (1985): 81+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923134705/https://journals.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/PacificStudies/article/viewFile/9369/9018">online</a></li> <li>Samson, Jane. "Pacific/Oceanic History" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd1999" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Kelly, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0121vD9STIMC&pg=PA901">Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing vol 2</a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 901–902. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-33-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-33-6"><bdi>978-1-884964-33-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Historians+and+Historical+Writing+vol+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E901-%3C%2Fspan%3E902&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-33-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0121vD9STIMC%26pg%3DPA901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Ocean" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Stillman, Amy Ku'uleialoha. "Pacific-ing Asian Pacific American History", Journal of Asian American Studies 7#3 (2004): 241–270.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Ocean&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Pacific Ocean at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" class="extiw" title="wikt:Pacific Ocean">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pacific_Ocean" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Pacific Ocean">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" class="extiw" title="q:Pacific Ocean">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98" class="extiw" title="d:Q98">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100504012429/http://www.epic.noaa.gov/epic/ewb/">EPIC Pacific Ocean Data Collection Viewable</a> on-line collection of observational data</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060211015453/http://dapper.pmel.noaa.gov/dchart/">NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer</a> plot and download ocean observations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060210183949/http://floats.pmel.noaa.gov/floats/">NOAA PMEL Argo profiling floats Realtime Pacific Ocean data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/drupal/disdel/">NOAA TAO</a> <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> data Realtime Pacific Ocean El Niño buoy data</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051229005041/http://www.oscar.noaa.gov/datadisplay/">NOAA Ocean Surface Current Analyses</a> – Realtime (OSCAR) Near-realtime Pacific Ocean Surface Currents derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer data</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions550" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions550" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s primary <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme" title="United Nations geoscheme">regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">Worlds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Under" title="Down Under">Down Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">Hemispheres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Land Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Water Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">Landmasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Africa-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">Tectonic plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plateau" title="Antarctic Plateau">Antarctic Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">South-eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">South-western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">West South Central United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin_(sedimentary_basin)" title="Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)">Amazon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands_of_the_Americas" title="Lists of islands of the Americas">America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_America" title="List of islands of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_America" title="List of islands of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_population" title="List of European islands by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Black_Sea" title="List of islands in the Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of islands in the Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Sea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_East_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Southern Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pacific Ocean</a> 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rim_regions" title="Category:Rim regions">Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Rim">Atlantic Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Rim">Indian Ocean Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Rim">Mediterranean Rim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Polar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southwest" title="Global Southwest">Global Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Global West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template:Continents of Earth">Continents of Earth</a> / <a 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