CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Automotive industry in Indonesia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c0f36dcb-5045-497e-9d30-8c707532e020","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia","wgTitle":"Automotive industry in Indonesia","wgCurRevisionId":1277527573,"wgRevisionId":1277527573,"wgArticleId":49352436,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)","CS1: unfit URL","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from December 2021","Use dmy dates from September 2024","Articles containing Indonesian-language text","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021", "All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Motor vehicle manufacturers of Indonesia","Industry in Indonesia","Manufacturing in Indonesia","Transport in Indonesia","Automotive industry by country"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia","wgRelevantArticleId":49352436,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q22906578","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Giias-2015.jpg/1200px-Giias-2015.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="471"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Giias-2015.jpg/800px-Giias-2015.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="314"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Giias-2015.jpg/640px-Giias-2015.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="251"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Automotive industry in Indonesia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia rootpage-Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Automotive+industry+in+Indonesia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Automotive+industry+in+Indonesia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Automotive+industry+in+Indonesia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Automotive+industry+in+Indonesia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low_Cost_Green_Car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_Cost_Green_Car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Low Cost Green Car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_Cost_Green_Car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_manufacturing_encouraged" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_manufacturing_encouraged"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Local manufacturing encouraged</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_manufacturing_encouraged-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Manufacturers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Distribution and manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Active manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Active_manufacturers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Active manufacturers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Active_manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BMW" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BMW"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>BMW</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BMW-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daihatsu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daihatsu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Daihatsu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daihatsu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Honda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyundai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyundai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Hyundai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyundai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mercedes-Benz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercedes-Benz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Mercedes-Benz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercedes-Benz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitsubishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitsubishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Mitsubishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitsubishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suzuki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suzuki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Suzuki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suzuki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toyota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toyota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Toyota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toyota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volkswagen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volkswagen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Volkswagen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volkswagen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wuling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wuling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>Wuling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wuling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defunct_manufacturers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_manufacturers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Defunct manufacturers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Defunct_manufacturers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Defunct manufacturers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Defunct_manufacturers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_Motors_(1927–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Motors_(1927–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>General Motors (1927–2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Motors_(1927–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Holden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Opel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chevrolet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chevrolet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Chevrolet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chevrolet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timor_(1996–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timor_(1996–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Timor (1996–2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timor_(1996–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Volvo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxury_goods_tax_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxury_goods_tax_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Luxury goods tax classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxury_goods_tax_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_manufacturing_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_manufacturing_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Active manufacturing facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active_manufacturing_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Statistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Historical statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sales_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Sales rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Industry data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive industry in Indonesia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri_otomotif_di_Indonesia" title="Industri otomotif di Indonesia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Industri otomotif di Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri_otomotif_%C3%A8_In%E1%B8%8Don%C3%A8sia" title="Industri otomotif è Inḍonèsia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Industri otomotif è Inḍonèsia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97" title="Автомобільна промисловість в Індонезії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Автомобільна промисловість в Індонезії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22906578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&oldid=1277527573" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&id=1277527573&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAutomotive_industry_in_Indonesia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAutomotive_industry_in_Indonesia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22906578" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giias-2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Giias-2015.jpg/500px-Giias-2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Giias-2015.jpg/750px-Giias-2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Giias-2015.jpg/1000px-Giias-2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_International_Auto_Show" title="Indonesia International Auto Show">Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show (GIIAS)</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Auto_show" title="Auto show">auto show</a> in Southeast Asia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>automotive industry in Indonesia</b> plays an important role to the economic growth of the nation, contributing 10.16 per cent of the GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> automotive product exports is currently higher in value than their imports.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Indonesia is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">17th-largest passenger-vehicle producer in the world</a> and the 5th largest passenger vehicle producer in Asia, producing 0.98 million vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the vehicles built in Indonesia are from foreign brands, notably <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japanese</a>, and produced in the country through a joint-venture plant with a local partner or a fully owned plant. While full manufacturing with a high percentage of local components in the country is usually preferred by manufacturers and encouraged by the government, several plants in the country also conducted a <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">CKD</a> assembly. CBU imports of new cars in the country is also allowed since 1999 with considerably light import tariffs, although it is discouraged by the government. </p><p>Indonesia predominantly produces <a href="/wiki/Mini_MPV" title="Mini MPV">mini</a> or <a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">compact MPVs</a> (52 per cent of total production), <a href="/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport utility vehicle">SUVs</a> and light <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup trucks</a> under one ton. In 2019, a total 26 per cent of its production output was exported. Around 7.2 per cent of total automobile sales in Indonesia consists of imported vehicles, notably from <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">India</a>, and to lesser extent, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">China</a>. </p><p>Most automobile manufacturers in Indonesia (including passenger car manufacturers and commercial truck manufacturers) are a member of the non-governmental Association of Indonesia Automotive Industries (<i>Gabungan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia</i>, GAIKINDO). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_(DD1;_01-12-2019),_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_%28DD1%3B_01-12-2019%29%2C_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg/220px-2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_%28DD1%3B_01-12-2019%29%2C_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_%28DD1%3B_01-12-2019%29%2C_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg/330px-2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_%28DD1%3B_01-12-2019%29%2C_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_%28DD1%3B_01-12-2019%29%2C_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg/440px-2018_Honda_Brio_Satya_1.2_E_hatchback_%28DD1%3B_01-12-2019%29%2C_South_Tangerang_-_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4563" data-file-height="2561" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Honda_Brio" title="Honda Brio">Honda Brio</a> was the best-selling passenger car in Indonesia in 2020 and 2022.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_(20220403).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_%2820220403%29.jpg/220px-2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_%2820220403%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_%2820220403%29.jpg/330px-2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_%2820220403%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_%2820220403%29.jpg/440px-2022_Toyota_Avanza_1.5_G_Toyota_Safety_Sense_W101RE_%2820220403%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4544" data-file-height="2553" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Avanza" title="Toyota Avanza">Toyota Avanza</a> was the best-selling passenger car in Indonesia between 2006 and 2019, and then in 2021.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_(Indonesia)_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_%28Indonesia%29_front_view.jpg/220px-2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_%28Indonesia%29_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_%28Indonesia%29_front_view.jpg/330px-2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_%28Indonesia%29_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_%28Indonesia%29_front_view.jpg/440px-2022_Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix_V_%28Indonesia%29_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="1845" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">for the first time since its launch in 2004 and in 2005, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Innova" title="Toyota Innova">Toyota Kijang Innova</a> becoming best selling car in 2023 and 2024 making continue the repeat of 2005 sales.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Traditionally Indonesia is a market heavily oriented to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_car_manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese car manufacturers">Japanese cars</a> like most of its Southeast Asian neighbours. However, while other Southeast Asian markets prefer <a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">compact</a> <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedans</a>, Indonesian car market has a strong preference to three-row <a href="/wiki/Multi_Purpose_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi Purpose Vehicle">MPVs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, 96.3 per cent of cars and trucks sold in Indonesia are from Japanese brands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentage is even higher than the proportion of Japanese brands in Japan itself which stood at 90 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, around 550,000 cars or 68 per cent of passenger cars sold in Indonesia consisted of MPVs, <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossovers</a> and SUVs equipped with three rows of seats.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentage is one of the highest in the world. For example, in 2006, models such as Toyota Avanza (16.4%), Toyota Kijang Innova (14.6%), Daihatsu Xenia (7.4%), and Suzuki Carry/Futura (7.3%) had a very high market share. Top ten best-selling models consisted of almost 73 per cent of domestic sales of the vehicles in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japanese manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> is leading the market share in Indonesia for decades since the early 80s. Despite that, the largest manufacturer in Indonesia is <a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a> as several popular Toyota-branded models sold in Indonesia are developed and produced by Daihatsu, which is wholly owned by Toyota since 2016. The subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Astra_Daihatsu_Motor" title="Astra Daihatsu Motor">Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM)</a> operates several plants capable of producing a total 530,000 cars per year.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 2 out of 5 automobiles sold in Indonesia is produced by ADM. </p><p>Apart from Indonesian consumers wanting a large car to carry the whole family, the popularity of MPVs or three-row cars in general could be explained by the regulations and the <a href="/wiki/Car_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Car culture">car culture</a> that followed after. When the complete ban on car imports on 22 January 1974 by a Decree No. 25/74 was imposed, the Indonesian government also imposed a tax scheme which saw pickup trucks and <a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">minibuses</a> with <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">wagon</a> body style free from <a href="/wiki/Luxury_tax" title="Luxury tax">luxury goods tax</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a> cars were charged a 100% luxury goods tax. As the result, a sedan of any size became a luxury-type vehicle for most consumers while minibuses became more popular, even when at the time, despite its natural practicality, tended to be much less comfortable to drive or to ride in.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the result, unlike its neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia that prefers mostly compact sedans, Indonesian consumers are predominantly buying three-row MPVs. </p><p>According to GAIKINDO, 82 per cent of the national automobile sales in 2018 is contributed by the <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> province contributed 19.6 per cent of the national car sales at around 207,000 vehicles, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> at 19.3 per cent, and <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a> at 13.1 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first motor vehicle to arrive in Indonesia is reported to have been a German <a href="/wiki/Hildebrand_%26_Wolfm%C3%BCller" title="Hildebrand & Wolfmüller">Hildebrand & Wolfmüller</a> two-cylinder motorcycle, brought in by Briton John C Potter who was a machinist at the Oemboel Sugar Factory in <a href="/wiki/Probolinggo" title="Probolinggo">Probolinggo</a>, East Java.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first car arrived shortly thereafter, an 1894 <a href="/wiki/Benz_Viktoria" title="Benz Viktoria">Benz Viktoria</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_X" title="Pakubuwono X">Pakubuwono X</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Susuhunan" title="Susuhunan">Susuhunan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate" title="Surakarta Sunanate">Surakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-luhulima_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luhulima-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local production of automobiles began in 1964, originally with SKD assembly of imported cars and commercial vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-InTw_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InTw-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_programs">Government programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1969, the National Plan for Industrial Development was aimed at substituting imports in all areas of manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-ww1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of laws were enacted in the following years to create this situation, affecting passenger cars as well as commercial vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-InTw_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InTw-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradual limitations on CBU vehicle imports were introduced, reaching a complete ban on CBUs by 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-ww1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A localization program commenced with Decree no. 307 of 1976. This law included a provision requiring the bodies for cargo vehicles of a one-ton capacity or less to be made locally beginning in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new law then led to a series of subsequential decrees designed to minimize its harmful impacts. </p><p>Beginning in 1980, new rules were also enacted to inhibit the sprawl of brands, with the government limiting local assembly to 71 models of 42 different makes.<sup id="cite_ref-ww1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All assemblers and agents were to be forced into eight separate groups manufacturing everything except engines. Engines were to be supplied by separate corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-AND681_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AND681-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GAAKINDO, made up in large part of small <a href="/wiki/Native_Indonesians" title="Native Indonesians">pribumi</a> operations, was opposed to these programs and also had an outspokenly anti-Chinese leader from 1981 to 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Doner_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doner-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The companies most in favor of localization were the large Chinese firms like the Liem Group and PT Astra Motor.<sup id="cite_ref-doner152_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doner152-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981 the government declared that no engine built in Indonesia was to be of less than one liter's displacement by 1985. As a result, manufacturers of local <a href="/wiki/Keitora" class="mw-redirect" title="Keitora">microvans and trucks</a> scrambled to install larger engines.<sup id="cite_ref-pisang45_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pisang45-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daihatsu and Suzuki already manufactured suitable engines for other vehicles, but Mitsubishi did not and used a Daihatsu engine for a few years, while Honda withdrew from the mini pick-up/microvan segment. In October 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Value_Added_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value Added Tax">VAT</a> on certain diesel vehicles were raised dramatically. Diesel <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagons</a>, as well as diesel <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">off-roaders</a>, were hit with a 40 per cent VAT, while light commercial vehicles (Category 1) in the form of small trucks, pickups, and passenger vans received a twenty per cent VAT.<sup id="cite_ref-MM1082_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM1082-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commentators expected this to spell the end of diesel vehicles in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-MMsolar_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMsolar-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low_Cost_Green_Car">Low Cost Green Car</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Low Cost Green Car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Low_Cost_Green_Car_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)">Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_(20190123)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_%2820190123%29_01.jpg/220px-2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_%2820190123%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_%2820190123%29_01.jpg/330px-2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_%2820190123%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_%2820190123%29_01.jpg/440px-2014_Daihatsu_Ayla_1.0_X_B100RS_%2820190123%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3594" data-file-height="1954" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Ayla" title="Daihatsu Ayla">Daihatsu Ayla</a>, one of the first model in "Low Cost Green Car" category alongside the Toyota Agya.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2007 the Indonesian government announced a set of tax incentives intended to help develop a "<a href="/wiki/Low_Cost_Green_Car_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)">Low Cost Green Car</a>" (LCGC) as an Indonesian people's car. The initial rules required a low price, set lower for villagers, a <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a> of at least 20 km/L (56 mpg<sub>‑imp</sub>; 47 mpg<sub>‑US</sub>), and at least 60 per cent domestic content.<sup id="cite_ref-LCGC_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LCGC-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few projects were shown but none made it to market, and in May 2013 a new set of regulations were issued, meaning a 0% luxury tax for cars under 1,200 cc (1,500 cc for diesels) as long as they could meet the same 20 km/L mileage goal. The luxury tax is between 50 and 75 per cent for larger and less fuel efficient vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_manufacturing_encouraged">Local manufacturing encouraged</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Local manufacturing encouraged"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indonesia levies an import tax of 10% on foreign imported luxury cars, while the import tariff for imported cars from outside the free trade area is currently at 50 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations">Associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1969 until 1975, sole agents and assemblers were represented by separate groups, GAM (Gabungan Assembler Mobil) and GAKINDO.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghist_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghist-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972 the government decreed that assemblers and agencies be consolidated and since 1975 the industry was represented by the unified GAAKINDO trade group (<i>Gabungan Agen-agen dan Assembler Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia</i>, "Association of Indonesia Sole Agents and Automobile Assemblers").<sup id="cite_ref-ww32_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww32-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first half of the 1980s, GAAKINDO was an outspoken opponent of the government's localization programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Doner_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doner-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985 the group was reconsolidated into a new organization called GAIKINDO (<i>Gabungan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor Indonesia</i>, "the Association of Indonesia Automotive Industries"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Toyota_Astra_Motor_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption>The Toyota-Astra Motor headquarters in Sunter, North Jakarta.</figcaption></figure> <p>The dominant manufacturer in Indonesia is the <a href="/wiki/Astra_International" title="Astra International">Astra International</a>, which is indirectly controlled by <a href="/wiki/Jardine_Matheson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardine Matheson">Jardine Matheson</a>; their products represented around half of the annual vehicle sales in Indonesia in the early 2010s – in large part thanks to the success of the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Kijang" title="Toyota Kijang">Toyota Kijang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Liem241_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liem241-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most cars sold in Indonesia were originally European in origins; In the 1950s, the most popular cars were <a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-knalpok_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knalpok-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese imports commenced on a small scale in 1959 with the Mitsubishi Jupiter truck, but by the 1970s this had changed considerably as the Japanese took an ever-growing share of the market. Japanese cars was first imported by the government in 1961 as a fleet for <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> across Indonesia. It was a <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Toyota Land Cruiser Canvastop</a>. The main reason the Toyota was picked is its low price compared to the nominated <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a>. At the same year, A.H. Budi, the founder of Nasmoco Toyota dealership network in Central Java bought a <a href="/wiki/Toyopet_Tiara" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyopet Tiara">Toyopet Tiara</a> from an importer in Jakarta. Impressed by the quality of the car, Budi founded the PT Ratna Dewi Motor Coy to retail Toyota cars.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The January 1974 <a href="/wiki/Malari_incident" title="Malari incident">Malari incident</a> started as a protest against Japanese trading practices and included the burning of a Toyota dealership, but sales of Japanese cars reached new heights soon afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-knalpok_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knalpok-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1980, from 181,100 new registrations, 88.5 per cent were Japanese in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-jepang_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jepang-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution_and_manufacture">Distribution and manufacture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Distribution and manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Indonesia, the import, marketing, distribution, and after sales service rights of foreign brands are usually held by firms called ATPMs (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Agen Tunggal Pemegang Merek</i></span>, "sole trademark-holding agent").<sup id="cite_ref-atpm_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atpm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ATPMs may be foreign or locally owned, with certain differences to their licensing requirements and scope. Foreign firms, for instance, may not sell directly to Indonesian consumers (Agency), although Distribution may be foreign-controlled.<sup id="cite_ref-atpm_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atpm-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ATPMs may carry out the manufacture under license, or contract the manufacture to third parties (subject to approval of the principal), or may simply act as distributors and retailers. In the case of special-bodied vehicles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Angkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Angkot">angkots</a> offered by many <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">body builders</a> (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/karoseri" class="extiw" title="wikt:karoseri">karoseri</a></i></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carrosserie" class="extiw" title="wikt:carrosserie">carrosserie</a></i>), ATPMs also have relationships with specific companies and often sell their designs through their own showrooms.<sup id="cite_ref-im92_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-im92-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Active_manufacturers">Active manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Active manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BMW">BMW</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: BMW"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NV Spemotri was BMW's main importer of motorcycles during the 1950s; they mainly brought in the 250cc one-cylinder R25, <a href="/wiki/BMW_R27" title="BMW R27">R26, and R27</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bob_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A handful of <a href="/wiki/BMW_700" title="BMW 700">BMW 700s</a> were imported to Indonesia by NV Spemotri in the early 1960s; the <a href="/wiki/Salim_Group" title="Salim Group">Salim Group</a> held the import rights until they sold the tiny concession to the Astra Group in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Liem241_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liem241-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astra sells BMW through a wholly owned subsidiary called PT Tjahja Sakti Motor. The first BMW to be assembled locally was the <a href="/wiki/BMW_E12" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW E12">520/4</a>, which was sent CKD and built in Jakarta by PT Indonesia Service Coy. 780 E12 were assembled from 1976 until 1981, with the 520/6 replacing the four-cylinder in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-E12_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E12-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indonesia Service Coy later built the E28, E30, E36, and E34 models, until assembly was taken over by the PT Gaya Motor company in 1993. </p><p>As of April 2001, BMW has their own wholesale company in Indonesia, PT BMW Indonesia, although Astra continues to assemble BMW automobiles through PT Gaya Motor.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assembly is currently of a limited variety of <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">semi-knocked down</a> cars, while the remainder of the range is available CBU.<sup id="cite_ref-E12_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E12-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Daihatsu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Astra_Daihatsu_Motor" title="Astra Daihatsu Motor">Astra Daihatsu Motor</a></div> <p>From 1973, when PT Astra gained distribution rights, until the 1980s, PT Daihatsu Indonesia distributed Daihatsus while assembly was carried out by Gaya Motor – both companies were located in <a href="/wiki/North_Jakarta" title="North Jakarta">North Jakarta</a>. PT Daihatsu Indonesia was a joint venture between a Japanese holding company (30%) and PT Astra International (70%), while PT Gaya Motor was a joint venture between the Indonesian government, PT Astra International, PT Multi France and PT Multi Astra.<sup id="cite_ref-pisang47_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pisang47-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaya Motor was a general assembler and also built Peugeot and Renault automobiles in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-pisang47_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pisang47-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daihatsu's <a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Hijet" title="Daihatsu Hijet">Hijet</a> was very popular in Indonesia, especially after the larger one-litre engine from the <a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Charade" title="Daihatsu Charade">Charade</a> was introduced – one out of eight four-wheeled vehicles built in Indonesia in 1983 was a Hijet.<sup id="cite_ref-pisang45_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pisang45-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Daihatsu through PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM) launched its joint project with Toyota, which spawned the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Avanza" title="Toyota Avanza">Toyota Avanza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Avanza" title="Toyota Avanza">Daihatsu Xenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both cars are designed according to Indonesian needs in mind. As an entry-level MPV, it complements the role of <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Kijang" title="Toyota Kijang">Toyota Kijang</a>, offering similar capability in a smaller and cheaper package. Both cars would later send Astra Daihatsu Motor as the largest car manufacturer in the country, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Manufacturing_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia">Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a>, and saw the Avanza as the best selling car in Indonesia since 2007 until today. 40.8% of Indonesia's total vehicle production output (four-wheel or above) in 2019 was contributed by ADM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honda">Honda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Honda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Honda_Prospect_Motor" title="Honda Prospect Motor">Honda Prospect Motor</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> first entered Indonesia in the 1960s through PT Imora Motor as its sole national distributor, with its first model <a href="/wiki/Honda_T360" title="Honda T360">Honda T360</a> pickup. In 1972, Honda also introduced the two-door <a href="/wiki/Honda_Civic" title="Honda Civic">Civic</a> to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a response to the vehicle import ban, PT Prospect Motor began local assembly of Honda automobiles in Sunter, North Jakarta. The brand then gained reputation for its passenger cars, contrary to several other Japanese brands which relied on commercial pickups and minivans. Honda's best selling products at the time were the Civic and <a href="/wiki/Honda_Accord" title="Honda Accord">Accord</a>. </p><p>In 1999, Honda established a new joint venture company, PT Honda Prospect Motor (HPM), which took over Imora Motor's sole national distribution rights that same year. HPM integrated Honda's Indonesian automobile businesses, which was previously conducted by four separate companies ranging across vehicle assembly, engine and component manufacturing, and wholesale distribution. A new manufacturing plant in Karawang was opened in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyundai">Hyundai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hyundai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Indonesia" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia">Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a></div> <p>Hyundai cars has been in the Indonesian market since the 1990s. It was handled by "PT Hyundai Mobil Indonesia (HMI)" as the sales company with the authorized assembling company entitled to "PT Hyundai Indonesia Motor", which assembled Hyundai cars in Indonesia since 1996. </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai Motor Company</a> signed an <a href="/wiki/MoU" class="mw-redirect" title="MoU">MoU</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Government">Indonesian Government</a> to conduct business of Hyundai automobiles directly in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, especially to foster the production of <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Ioniq_5" title="Hyundai Ioniq 5">Hyundai Ioniq 5</a> in the country. Since 2019, Hyundai sales company is directly handled by Hyundai Motor Indonesia (HMID) with its head office at <a href="/wiki/South_Jakarta" title="South Jakarta">South Jakarta</a>, and the newly built advanced manufacturing plant, <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Indonesia" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia">Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a> (HMMI) located at <a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, both subsidiaries of <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai Motor Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To welcome and enhance public relations, Hyundai Indonesia initiated to welcome the general public to visit and tour its <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Indonesia" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia">plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>, to witness the automotive manufacturing process directly. The first initiative from the automotive industrial sector in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mercedes-Benz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of Mercedes-Benz in Indonesia began back in 1894, when The Susuhunan of Surakarta bought a Benz-model Phaeton (2000cc, 1 cylinder, 5 hp, for eight people). This was also the first car in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-luhulima2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luhulima2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> to set up a manufacturing line in <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Priok" title="Tanjung Priok">Tanjung Priok</a>, Jakarta, for the Indonesian market.<sup id="cite_ref-BriefH2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BriefH2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manufacturer then named as PT German Motor Manufacturing, with another company named PT Star Motor established as the sole agent for Mercedes-Benz vehicles in Indonesia. The factory in Tanjung Priok then began producing Mercedes-Benz commercial vehicles, which included the legendary <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_short-bonnet_trucks" title="Mercedes-Benz short-bonnet trucks">Mercedes-Benz 911</a> trucks. In 1973, the assembly line in Tanjung Priok started producing Mercedes-Benz passenger vehicles. </p><p>In 1978, the Wanaherang plant in <a href="/wiki/Bogor_Regency" title="Bogor Regency">Bogor Regency</a> was established, together with the opening of Apprentice Training Center and After Sales Service in Ciputat. This was followed by the break-up of the cooperation with Volkswagen in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-BriefH2_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BriefH2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, the truck production commenced. One year later, in 1982, the Wanaherang plant officially opened. In 1985, PT Star Engines Indonesia was established in Wanaherang. PT German Motor Manufacturing became the first ISO 9001-accredited automotive maker in Indonesia in 1996. It then acquired the PT Star Engines Indonesia in 2000. </p><p>Following the changing name of its parent's name from Daimler-Benz AG into DaimlerChrysler AG, PT German Motor Manufacturing then changed its name into PT DaimlerChrysler Indonesia in 2000, followed by PT Star Motors Indonesia changed into PT DaimlerChrysler Distribution Indonesia in the same year. After <a href="/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a> broke up with <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>, PT DaimlerChrysler Indonesia changed its name into PT Mercedes-Benz Indonesia. The same happened to PT DaimlerChrysler Distribution Indonesia, which became PT Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia. </p><p>In October 2023, UK-based <a href="/wiki/Inchcape_plc" title="Inchcape plc">Inchape plc</a> and local automotive company <a href="/wiki/Indomobil" title="Indomobil">Indomobil</a> through a 70–30 joint venture took over Mercedes-Benz passenger car business, PT Mercedes-Benz Indonesia and PT Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia, from Mercedes-Benz AG.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mitsubishi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_(20211007)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_%2820211007%29_01.jpg/220px-2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_%2820211007%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_%2820211007%29_01.jpg/330px-2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_%2820211007%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_%2820211007%29_01.jpg/440px-2021_Mitsubishi_Colt_L300_Pick_Up_Standard_2.5_L039P_%2820211007%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4388" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>The Mitsubishi Colt L300 is the vehicle with the longest production run in Indonesia under a single generation. Production started in 1982.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_Krama_Yudha_Indonesia" title="Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia">Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi</a>, through <b>PT Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motors</b> (KTB) has a long presence in Indonesia, but their first true hit was the Colt T120. This was a locally built version of the first generation <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Delica" title="Mitsubishi Delica">Mitsubishi Delica</a>, and from its introduction in the early 1970s it became a seminal vehicle. It was mostly alone in its class and for a generation of Indonesians "Colt" became synonymous with minibus.<sup id="cite_ref-klakson3_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klakson3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The T120 was finally discontinued in 1982 and replaced by the L300 (also based on the Delica); but sales never reached their earlier highs. Mitsubishi finally revived the T120 nametag with a Mitsubishi-engined version of the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Carry#Futura" title="Suzuki Carry">Suzuki Carry Futura</a> called the Mitsubishi Colt T120SS.<sup id="cite_ref-klakson3_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klakson3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This alliance with Suzuki was an attempt to challenge the dominance of the Astra Group's Toyota, Daihatsu, and Isuzu.<sup id="cite_ref-klak2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klak2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation announced to build an MMC-owned plant in Indonesia. On 24 March 2015, the construction of a new manufacturing plant in <a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang, West Java</a> was started. The plant was designed with a maximum production capacity of 160,000 vehicles per year. PT Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia owned 51% by MMC was established to operate the plant. The plant was started its operation in April 2017 by producing the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Sport" title="Mitsubishi Pajero Sport">Mitsubishi Pajero Sport</a>. At the same time, the passenger cars and LCV operations were transferred from PT KTB to PT Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Sales Indonesia (MMKSI).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Xpander" title="Mitsubishi Xpander">Mitsubishi Xpander</a> was launched in August 2017 and nearly doubled Mitsubishi Motors sales in the country between 2017 and 2018 from 79,807 units to 142,861 units, emerging as the largest market for MMC. In 2019, MMKI surpassed <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Astra_Motor" title="Toyota Astra Motor">Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a> as the second largest car manufacturer in Indonesia by a production output of 193,954 units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suzuki">Suzuki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Suzuki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Indomobil_Motor" title="Suzuki Indomobil Motor">Suzuki Indomobil Motor</a></div> <p><b>PT Suzuki Indomobil Motor</b> is a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki Motor Corporation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indomobil_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomobil Group">Indomobil Group</a>. Until recently, the company was known as <b>PT Indomobil Suzuki International.</b> The company is located in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and specialized in manufacturing Suzuki vehicles for the local market. Their first products were the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Carry#ST10" title="Suzuki Carry">ST10 Carry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Fronte#LC20" title="Suzuki Fronte">Fronte LC20</a> of 1976. The Carry (soon replaced by the ST20) saw extensive use as an <a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Angkot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suzuki's first Indonesian activity was in 1970 through its import firm PT Indohero Steel & Engineering Company. Six years later they had built their manufacturing facility in Jakarta, which is the oldest part of the Indomobil Group. Suzuki's sales rose exponentially in the mid-1980s as sales of minitrucks boomed and the <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Cultus" title="Suzuki Cultus">Forsa/Swift</a> was introduced: Suzuki Indonesia sold 13,434 vehicles in 1984, followed by 58,032 in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-MMabd_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMabd-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2004, Suzuki Indonesia's <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_APV" title="Suzuki APV">APV (All Purpose Vehicle)</a> budget <a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">MPV</a> has been assembled exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Designed in Japan, it is exported to numerous countries since 2005, to the ASEAN and beyond. It is also available with Mitsubishi badging (as the "Maven"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toyota">Toyota</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Toyota"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_(20211006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_%2820211006%29.jpg/220px-1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_%2820211006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_%2820211006%29.jpg/330px-1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_%2820211006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_%2820211006%29.jpg/440px-1997-2000_Toyota_Kijang_Krista_1.8_KF80R_%2820211006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2465" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Kijang" title="Toyota Kijang">Toyota Kijang</a> is regarded as one of the most influential vehicles in Indonesian automotive industry.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Astra_Motor" title="Toyota Astra Motor">Toyota Astra Motor</a></div> <p><b>PT Toyota Astra Motor</b> (TAM) was founded in April 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Toy75_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toy75-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vehicle production began in September 1974 at the PT Multi-Astra manufacturing subsidiary.<sup id="cite_ref-Toy75_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toy75-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toyota Indonesia's most famous product is the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Kijang" title="Toyota Kijang">Kijang</a> series of light trucks and vans. The Kijang, developed from the Philippine market Tamaraw Revo of 1976, has spawned an entire range of vehicles and is now built in a number of Asian countries including India. The Kijang was one of a series of BUV's, or <a href="/wiki/Basic_utility_vehicle" title="Basic utility vehicle">Basic utility vehicles</a>, developed for developing markets by several global manufacturers in the 1960s and 1970s. The Kijang was very successful for Toyota Astra Motor, with the 100,000th example leaving the line in February 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-MM1085_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM1085-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production was almost entirely localized by the mid-eighties, with engine parts as well beginning to be produced in Indonesia by January 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-MM1085_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM1085-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kijang also caused major upheavals among Indonesia's host of small body builders, as the body was built to a whole new standard of quality and was offered directly by Toyota in a number of variants that had hitherto been the purview of the body builders.<sup id="cite_ref-im92_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-im92-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the Kijang was helpful for TAM as the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Crown#S110" title="Toyota Crown">Crown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Mark_II#X60" title="Toyota Mark II">Mark II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Land Cruiser</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Corona#T150" title="Toyota Corona">Corona GL</a> were all struggling in the market place in the first half of the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-motor80_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motor80-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Land Cruiser dominated the "Jeep" category until the early 1980s, when lighter and more economical competitors began taking away its market share.<sup id="cite_ref-motor80_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motor80-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to compete with the smaller offerings from Suzuki and Daihatsu, Toyota chose to not further increase the local content levels of the Land Cruiser and had withdrawn it from the Indonesian market by 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-TP37_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TP37-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently Toyota Astra Motor's production is carried out by PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN), which consists of the erstwhile PT Multi-Astra as well as PT Toyota Mobilindo (which was established in December 1976 with production commencing in May 1977). </p><p>Toyota and the Astra Group remains dominant in Indonesia, with their market share historically hovering from 35 to 50 per cent. They are bigger than the two-second biggest brands combined.<sup id="cite_ref-InTw42_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InTw42-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Volkswagen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volkswagen and their local partner <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Mataram_Motor" title="Garuda Mataram Motor">PT Garuda Mataram</a> was a major player until the mid-1970s but sales dropped precipitously in the latter half of the decade. In 1970, Volkswagen entered into a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Distribution_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia">Mercedes-Benz Distribution Indonesia</a> to set up a manufacturing line in Tanjung Priok, Jakarta. The resulting company was called <b>PT German Motor Manufacturing</b>, with Garuda Mataram retaining the Volkswagen distribution rights. The partnership was dissolved in 1979 and Volkswagen went their own way.<sup id="cite_ref-BriefH_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BriefH-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In or just before 1971 Indonesia's Army Strategic Command (<a href="/wiki/Kostrad" title="Kostrad">Kostrad</a>) took over the local Volkswagen operations as part of a trend of direct government involvement in vehicle manufacturing (and industry in general).<sup id="cite_ref-doner128_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doner128-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kostrad owned the Volkswagen agency through its Yayasan Dharma Putra business group, in partnership with two Chinese entrepreneurs.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with Volkswagen in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, sales dropped precipitously as the Japanese brands took hold. By 1980, the locally developed <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_EA489_Basistransporter" title="Volkswagen EA489 Basistransporter">Mitra</a> project had come to an end as had assembly of the Beetle and the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_181" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen 181">Typ 181 (Camat)</a>. Assembly of German-made Kombis and Transporters ended in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-T2indo_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T2indo-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volkswagen replaced this on their Indonesian assembly lines with the Brazilian-made <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2#T2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen Combi Clipper</a>. This remained Volkswagen's single model on offer in Indonesia until the middle of the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-motorharga_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motorharga-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1986, Volkswagens were no longer available in Indonesia, after 13,162 Volkswagens had been assembled between 1976 and 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-TP33_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TP33-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, a new distributor company called <b>PT Garuda Mataram Motor</b> was founded as a joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/IndoMobil_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="IndoMobil Group">IndoMobil Group</a>. Currently, the company assembles and distributes Volkswagens passenger cars in Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wuling">Wuling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Wuling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SGMW_Motor_Indonesia" title="SGMW Motor Indonesia">SGMW Motor Indonesia</a></div> <p>Wuling Motors (Indonesia) is established in August 2015 as a subsidiary of SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Company Limited (SGMW) with share composition 50.1 per cent of SAIC (Shanghai Automotive International Corporation), 44 per cent of GM China and 5.9 per cent Guangxi Automobile Group. The company has 60 hectares land in Cikarang, 30 hectares is for the manufacturing and 30 hectares is for supplier park for accessibility of the parts.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defunct_manufacturers">Defunct manufacturers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Defunct manufacturers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Motors_(1927–2015)"><span id="General_Motors_.281927.E2.80.932015.29"></span>General Motors (1927–2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: General Motors (1927–2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of General Motors vehicles have been sold in Indonesia, since the early days of the automobile there. General Motors (GM) vehicles have been represented in Indonesia since 1915. GM established their first local assembly operation (pictured) in Tanjung Priok in February 1927, as "KN Gaya Motor." The location was suitable as there was ample timber nearby, a necessity for car body manufacture at the time. In 1930, the company was renamed "N.V. General Motors Java Handel Maatschappij." Cars from their Jakarta factory were exported all across the region. After having been requisitioned by the Netherlands East Indies government in 1941, on 9 March 1942 all machines and equipment was destroyed to avoid it falling into the hands of the approaching Japanese. Two weeks later the Japanese occupied the plant and interred all foreigners; on 31 December GM wrote off the entire enterprise. The plant was taken over by Toyota, and was used to assemble trucks for the military. </p><p>In 1946, General Motors Overseas Operations established a Batavia Branch (later renamed "Djakarta Branch") to continue the pre-war activities, building nearly 20,000 vehicles in the next six years. By 1953, activities had mostly ended as Sukarno's pro-Chinese government took power. As of 1954 local partner PN Gaya Motor continued alone; the Indonesian government took over the assets in April 1955. GM dissolved this paper operation a year later. The government-run operations did not take good care of the plant and 60 per cent of the run-down assets were sold to PT Astra Motor (who, coincidentally, had gotten their start by being allowed to import 800 Chevrolet trucks in 1967) in 1969. Astra had expected to sell Chevrolets but were denied the contract and ended up importing Toyotas instead. </p><p>A number of other, smaller companies proceeded to import and assemble a variety of GM products. Udatimex/Udatin has generally handled Holdens, while Garuda Diesel/Garmak has sold Chevrolets, Opels, and the short-lived Morina national Basic Transportation Vehicle project. In the early 1970s, PT Kali Kuning (Jakarta) also imported Opels, particularly the Rekord. Chevrolet, Holden, Opel, and Isuzu badging have been used, often placed on the same cars by the various importers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holden">Holden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Holden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of their 1959 introduction to Indonesia (although Holden-built Chevrolets first arrived in 1938) Holdens were sold by Gaya Motor. After gaining some popularity in the 1960s Udatimex (part of Fritz Eman's Udatinda Group in Jakarta) took over in 1970. Another sub-company, PT Udatin, acted as the assembler. From 1954 until 1959, Holden Australia held the General Motors rights to all of Australia and Indonesia. The first Holden to arrive in Indonesia was the FC series. Sales increased considerably when the locally assembled Holden Gemini arrived in 1981. Other locally assembled Holdens were the Torana, Commodore, Statesman, Kingswood, and Premier. In the early 1970s, the HQ Statesman was sold as the "Chevrolet 350" by Garuda Diesel (Chevrolet's sole agent in Indonesia), while the Statesman was sold in parallel by Udatimex. </p><p>Garuda also developed an SUV version on the basis of the Isuzu KB, called the Holden Lincah. This was superficially very similar to the Isuzu Trooper, but had locally developed bodywork. A small number of Lincahs were exported to neighboring and Pacific Island countries in the middle of the 1980s. A five-door version of the Lincah was also developed, called the Lincah Gama, but may never have entered production. The Lincah Gama was one of the many cars Malcolm Bricklin planned on importing, following his success with the Yugo. While the Gemini Diesel remained popular with taxi operators, with passenger car sales slowing down Udatimex shut their doors in 1991, and regular imports of Holdens came to an end. The last new Holden introduced in Indonesia was the VL Calais. Even as the Indonesian automobile market has grown rapidly after the Asian Crisis Holden did not return, as GMH's export manager Bob Branson decreed the end of exports to countries with annual sales of less than 500 cars in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opel">Opel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Opel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opels had also been very popular before the war, with the Opel P4 being assembled in Tanjung Priok. A locally bodied 7-seater taxibus arrived in 1932; an ambulance version was added in 1933. The taxi model was called Oplet (short for the trade name "Opelette") – a name which was used for share taxis until the type was abolished in 1979. </p><p>In January 1993, GM re-established its presence in Indonesia by forming PT General Motors Buana Indonesia, which is owned 60% by GM and 40% by local partner and previous importer/assembler PT Garmak Motor of Indonesia. The company built plant with 15,000 vehicle capacity in Bekasi, West Java. In 1997, General Motors took full control of the company. The first locally made product of the new company was the Opel Vectra (1994), followed by the Opel Optima and the Opel Blazer SUV as the first right-hand drive Blazer in 1995. As of 2002, the Chevrolet nameplate has replaced Opel in Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Chevrolet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_(20190616).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_%2820190616%29.jpg/220px-2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_%2820190616%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_%2820190616%29.jpg/330px-2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_%2820190616%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_%2820190616%29.jpg/440px-2013_Chevrolet_Spin_1.5_LTZ_%2820190616%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4610" data-file-height="2658" /></a><figcaption>Chevrolet manufactures the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Spin" title="Chevrolet Spin">Spin</a> MPV in <a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi</a>, Indonesia since 2013.</figcaption></figure><p>Chevrolet was one of the most popular brands in Indonesia until the 1960s. In particular the 210-series sold well. Later, the Chevrolet badge was mainly used on various Isuzu products like the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_LUV" title="Chevrolet LUV">Chevrolet LUV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Trooper" title="Isuzu Trooper">Trooper</a>. </p><p>The brand was re-introduced in Indonesia in 2001 with the Chevrolet Tavera, a rebadged <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Panther" title="Isuzu Panther">Isuzu Panther</a>, and the imported <a href="/wiki/Opel_Zafira" title="Opel Zafira">Zafira</a> and Blazer V6 4x4.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the locally assembled Opel Blazer was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_S-10_Blazer" title="Chevrolet S-10 Blazer">Chevrolet Blazer</a>. It was sold alongside GM dealers, known as GM AutoWorld also marketed the <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Forester" title="Subaru Forester">Subaru Forester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Impreza" title="Subaru Impreza">Subaru Impreza</a> since 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, GM ended Blazer production in Indonesia, effectively rendering their manufacturing plant in Bekasi as dormant. GM then imported and sold <a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">Chevrolet-badged Daewoo</a> cars from Thailand and South Korea. In 2013, the plant was reopened to manufacture the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Spin" title="Chevrolet Spin">Chevrolet Spin</a> MPV for the Southeast Asian market. Prior to the reopening, GM stated that the Bekasi plant was a critical part of GM's growth strategy in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The plant's location met GM's philosophy of "build where we sell and source where we build."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant was closed in 2015, and all 500 employees were laid off. Chevrolet vehicles were then imported until 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timor_(1996–2000)"><span id="Timor_.281996.E2.80.932000.29"></span>Timor (1996–2000)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Timor (1996–2000)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timor_Putra_Nasional" title="Timor Putra Nasional">Timor Putra Nasional</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timor_S515_sedan_(2007-07-09)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Timor_S515_sedan_%282007-07-09%29_02.jpg/220px-Timor_S515_sedan_%282007-07-09%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Timor_S515_sedan_%282007-07-09%29_02.jpg/330px-Timor_S515_sedan_%282007-07-09%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Timor_S515_sedan_%282007-07-09%29_02.jpg/440px-Timor_S515_sedan_%282007-07-09%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption>Timor S515</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1996, the Ministry of Industry and Trade announced a president instruction (Inpress) No. 2-year 1996 regarding the development of the national car industry, instructing the Minister of Industry and Trade, the Minister of Finance, and the State Minister for Mobilization of Investment Funds to immediately realize the national car industry. It also mentioned the pioneer company to do so is <b>PT Timor Putra Nasional</b> (TPN), owned by <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Suharto" title="Tommy Suharto">Hutomo Mandala Putra</a>, the son of president <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>. TPN is the only car manufacturer to be declared free from <a href="/wiki/Luxury_tax" title="Luxury tax">luxury goods tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TPN partnered with <a href="/wiki/Kia_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Kia Motors">Kia Motors</a> to import <a href="/wiki/Kia_Sephia" title="Kia Sephia">Kia Sephia</a> sedan as the Timor S515i by a semi knock down (SKD) scheme. The sedan was introduced on 8 July 1996. Due to its low price, the car quickly gained some traction in Indonesia. </p><p>However, several countries such as Japan, the United States, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> immediately protested the national car program and privilege of Timor cars. A lawsuit was then brought to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization (WTO)</a>. The program was declared incompatible with WTO rules by Dispute Settlement Body of WTO in 1998. It was proved that the "national car program" violated the World Trade Organization Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties because the exemption from taxes is a subsidy contingent upon the use of domestic goods.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the company had to stop its operations by a presidential decree (Keppres) No 20 1998 issued on 21 January 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volvo">Volvo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Volvo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesian_police_cars,_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia,_p37.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Indonesian_police_cars%2C_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia%2C_p37.jpg/220px-Indonesian_police_cars%2C_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia%2C_p37.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Indonesian_police_cars%2C_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia%2C_p37.jpg/330px-Indonesian_police_cars%2C_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia%2C_p37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Indonesian_police_cars%2C_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia%2C_p37.jpg/440px-Indonesian_police_cars%2C_Sekilas_Lintas_Kepolisian_Republik_Indonesia%2C_p37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1411" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>A fleet of <a href="/wiki/Volvo_140_Series" title="Volvo 140 Series">Volvo 144</a>'s being used as police cars in 1976, a result of Liem's close relationship with the Indonesian government.</figcaption></figure> <p>Volvo automobiles have been regularly imported to Indonesia since 1971, when <a href="/wiki/Liem_Sioe_Liong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liem Sioe Liong">Liem Sioe Liong</a>'s <b>PT Central Sole Agency</b> gained the concession.<sup id="cite_ref-Liem240_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liem240-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1975, industrial policy dictated that the cars be assembled locally and Liem responded by creating a joint venture called PT Salim Jaya Motor, operated by his son Albert. A small number of heavy trucks were also imported. They assembled two Volvo models and had a steady market in the form of military and government officials. The venture still lost money though, partly due to the difficulties of collecting money from government officials during the Suharto era. Even with government favor, sales were never very large: between 1976 and 1985, only 1015 Volvo passenger cars (and 201 heavy trucks) were assembled in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-TPx2_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPx2-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Salim_Group" title="Salim Group">Salim Group</a> still imports Volvo trucks, buses, and construction equipment as of 2017, through a company called PT Indotruck Utama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Luxury_goods_tax_classification">Luxury goods tax classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Luxury goods tax classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Indonesia imposes <a href="/wiki/Luxury_tax" title="Luxury tax">luxury goods tax</a> (Indonesian: <i>Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah (PPnBM)</i>) based on engine displacement and body type.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While dimensions aren't used in the classification, <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagon</a> body type are taxed differently. This tax scheme was phased out in October 2021 in favour of an emission-based classification.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A vehicle is considered a sedan if the rear window is not a part of the rear trunk opening. </p> <dl><dt>Classification used until October 2021</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Luxury goods<br />tax percentage </th> <th>Engine<br />displacement </th> <th>Layout </th> <th>Body type </th></tr> <tr> <td>0% </td> <td colspan="3"><i>main article: <a href="/wiki/Low_Cost_Green_Car_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)">Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">10% </td> <td>≤1.5 L </td> <td>2WD </td> <td>except sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td>any capacity </td> <td>any layout </td> <td>minibus with 10–15 passengers capacity </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">20% </td> <td>>1.5–3.0 L (petrol)<br /> >1.5–2.5 L (diesel) </td> <td>2WD </td> <td>except sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td>any capacity </td> <td>any layout </td> <td>double cabin pick-up </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">30% </td> <td rowspan="2">≤1.5 L </td> <td>2WD </td> <td>sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td>4WD </td> <td>except sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">40% </td> <td>>1.5–3.0 L (petrol) </td> <td>2WD </td> <td>sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td>>1.5–2.5 L (diesel) </td> <td>2WD </td> <td>sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td>>2.5–3.0 L (petrol) </td> <td>2WD </td> <td>except sedan and station wagon </td></tr> <tr> <td>>1.5–2.5 L (diesel) </td> <td>4WD </td> <td>any body type </td></tr> <tr> <td>>1.5–3.0 L (petrol) </td> <td>4WD </td> <td>any body type </td></tr> <tr> <td>125% </td> <td>>2.5 L (diesel)<br /> >3.0 L (petrol) </td> <td>any layout </td> <td>any body type </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Active_manufacturing_facilities">Active manufacturing facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Active manufacturing facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Automobile manufacturing facilities in Indonesia is currently focused in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Jakarta%E2%80%93Cikampek_Toll_Road" title="Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road">Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road</a> corridor in <a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karawang_Regency" title="Karawang Regency">Karawang</a>, where few <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial estates</a> are located there. </p> <table class="wikitable" align="left" style="text-align: center; width:100%; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7"><span style="font-size:120%">List of active automobile manufacturing plants in Indonesia</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="width:15%;">Name </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:5%;">Founded </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:7%;">Location </th> <th colspan="3">Production </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:5%;">Exports </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:5%;">Operational scope </th> <th style="width:8%;">Make </th> <th style="width:15%;">Models produced (as of 2024) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Astra_Daihatsu_Motor" title="Astra Daihatsu Motor">Astra Daihatsu Motor</a></b><br />(ADM)<br />Plant 1 </td> <td rowspan="3">1998 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sunter,_Jakarta" title="Sunter, Jakarta">Sunter</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/North_Jakarta" title="North Jakarta">North Jakarta</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> </td> <td rowspan="7">Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Gran_Max" title="Daihatsu Gran Max">Gran Max</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Luxio" title="Daihatsu Luxio">Luxio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="7">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_LiteAce" title="Toyota LiteAce">LiteAce</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–, export only)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Bongo" title="Mazda Bongo">Bongo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–, export only)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Astra_Daihatsu_Motor" title="Astra Daihatsu Motor">Astra Daihatsu Motor</a></b><br />(ADM)<br />Plant 2 </td> <td rowspan="2">2013 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Karawang_Regency" title="Karawang Regency">Karawang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Ayla" title="Daihatsu Ayla">Ayla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Sigra" title="Daihatsu Sigra">Sigra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Rocky_(A200)" title="Daihatsu Rocky (A200)">Rocky</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Agya" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Agya">Agya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Calya" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Calya">Calya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Raize" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Raize">Raize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Astra_Daihatsu_Motor" title="Astra Daihatsu Motor">Astra Daihatsu Motor</a></b><br />(ADM)<br />Plant 3 </td> <td rowspan="2">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Xenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daihatsu Xenia">Xenia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Terios" title="Daihatsu Terios">Terios</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Avanza" title="Toyota Avanza">Avanza</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Rush">Rush</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>BYD Motor Indonesia</b><br />(BMI) </td> <td>2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subang_Regency" title="Subang Regency">Subang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td>Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD</a> </td> <td>Planned </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Commercial Vehicles Manufacturing Indonesia</a></b><br />(DCVMI) </td> <td>2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td>Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Axor" title="Mercedes-Benz Axor">Axor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Eurokars Produksi Pratama</a></b><br />(EPP) </td> <td>2025 </td> <td><br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td>Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_CX-3" title="Mazda CX-3">CX-3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Astra_International" title="Astra International">Gaya Motor</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="3">1969 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Priok" title="Tanjung Priok">Tanjung Priok</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/North_Jakarta" title="North Jakarta">North Jakarta</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3 Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X1" title="BMW X1">X1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X3" title="BMW X3">X3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X5" title="BMW X5">X5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7 Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_X7" title="BMW X7">X7</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_2_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9" title="BMW 2 Series Gran Coupé">2 Series Gran Coupé</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="3">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_Countryman" title="Mini Countryman">Countryman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">UD Trucks</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/UD_Quester" title="UD Quester">Quester</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><b>Handal Indonesia Motor</b><br />(HIM)<br />Plant 1 </td> <td rowspan="4">1995 </td> <td rowspan="4">Pondok Ungu,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi City</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="7">Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chery" title="Chery">Chery</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Tiggo_7" title="Chery Tiggo 7">Tiggo 7</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Tiggo_8" title="Chery Tiggo 8">Tiggo 8</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Omoda_5" title="Chery Omoda 5">Omoda 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Omoda_E5" class="mw-redirect" title="Chery Omoda E5">Omoda E5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chery_J6" class="mw-redirect" title="Chery J6">J6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Tiggo_5x" title="Chery Tiggo 5x">Tiggo Cross</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="7">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hozon_Auto" title="Hozon Auto">Neta</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neta_Aya" title="Neta Aya">V-II</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Neta_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Neta X">X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jetour" title="Jetour">Jetour</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jetour_Dashing" title="Jetour Dashing">Dashing</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jetour_X70_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetour X70 Plus">X70 Plus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaecoo" title="Jaecoo">Jaecoo</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaecoo_J7" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaecoo J7">J7</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>Handal Indonesia Motor</b><br />(HIM)<br />Plant 2 </td> <td rowspan="3">2025 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Purwakarta_Regency" title="Purwakarta Regency">Purwakarta Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAIC_Group" title="BAIC Group">BAIC</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAIC_BJ40_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="BAIC BJ40 Plus">BJ40 Plus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aletra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aletra">Aletra</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livan_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Livan 8">L8</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geely_Auto" title="Geely Auto">Geely</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geely_EX5" class="mw-redirect" title="Geely EX5">EX5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors_Manufacturing_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia">Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia</a></b><br />(HMMI) </td> <td rowspan="2">2003 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Purwakarta_Regency" title="Purwakarta Regency">Purwakarta Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Dutro" title="Hino Dutro">300 Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Ranger" title="Hino Ranger">500 Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Profia" title="Hino Profia">700 Series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Dyna" title="Toyota Dyna">Dyna</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Honda_Prospect_Motor" title="Honda Prospect Motor">Honda Prospect Motor</a></b><br />(HPM)<br />Plant 1 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karawang_Regency" title="Karawang Regency">Karawang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Brio" title="Honda Brio">Brio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Honda_HR-V" title="Honda HR-V">HR-V</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Honda_Prospect_Motor" title="Honda Prospect Motor">Honda Prospect Motor</a></b><br />(HPM)<br />Plant 2 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Mobilio" title="Honda Mobilio">Mobilio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Honda_BR-V" title="Honda BR-V">BR-V</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Honda_City_Hatchback" class="mw-redirect" title="Honda City Hatchback">City Hatchback</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Honda_WR-V" title="Honda WR-V">WR-V</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Indonesia" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia">Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a></b><br />(HMMI) </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td>Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Creta" title="Hyundai Creta">Creta</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Ioniq_5" title="Hyundai Ioniq 5">Ioniq 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Santa_Fe" title="Hyundai Santa Fe">Santa Fe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Stargazer" title="Hyundai Stargazer">Stargazer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Stargazer#Stargazer_X" title="Hyundai Stargazer">Stargazer X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Kona_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyundai Kona Electric">Kona Electric</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Astra_Motor_Indonesia" title="Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia">Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia</a></b><br />(IAMI) </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karawang_Regency" title="Karawang Regency">Karawang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td>Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Elf" title="Isuzu Elf">Elf</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Forward" title="Isuzu Forward">Giga</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Traga" title="Isuzu Traga">Traga</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fuso_(company)" title="Fuso (company)">Krama Yudha Ratu Motor</a></b><br />(KRM) </td> <td>1973 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulo_Gadung" title="Pulo Gadung">Pulo Gadung</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/East_Jakarta" title="East Jakarta">East Jakarta</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> </td> <td>Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuso_(company)" title="Fuso (company)">Fuso</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Fuso_Canter" title="Mitsubishi Fuso Canter">Canter</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(?–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Fuso_Fighter" title="Mitsubishi Fuso Fighter">Fighter X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(?–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz Indonesia</a></b><br />(MBI) </td> <td rowspan="2">1978 </td> <td rowspan="2">Wanaherang,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bogor_Regency" title="Bogor Regency">Bogor Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_C-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz C-Class">C-Class</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_E-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz E-Class">E-Class</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_S-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz S-Class">S-Class</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_GLC" title="Mercedes-Benz GLC">GLC</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_GLE" title="Mercedes-Benz GLE">GLE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_GLS" title="Mercedes-Benz GLS">GLS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_A-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz A-Class">A-Class</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_GLA" title="Mercedes-Benz GLA">GLA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haval_(marque)" title="Haval (marque)">Haval</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haval_Jolion" title="Haval Jolion">Jolion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_Krama_Yudha_Indonesia" title="Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia">Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia</a></b><br />(MMKI) </td> <td rowspan="2">2017 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Sport" title="Mitsubishi Pajero Sport">Pajero Sport</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Xpander" title="Mitsubishi Xpander">Xpander</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Colt_L300" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Colt L300">Colt L300</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Xpander_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Xpander Cross">Xpander Cross</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Xforce" title="Mitsubishi Xforce">Xforce</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Minicab_MiEV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV">L100 EV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Livina" title="Nissan Livina">Livina</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Indomobil_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomobil Group">National Assemblers</a></b><br />Plant 1 </td> <td rowspan="2">2019 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Purwakarta_Regency" title="Purwakarta Regency">Purwakarta Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_C3#ë-C3" title="Citroën C3">ë-C3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="3">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxus" title="Maxus">Maxus</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxus_Mifa_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxus Mifa 9">Mifa 9</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Indomobil_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomobil Group">National Assemblers</a></b><br />Plant 2 </td> <td>2025 </td> <td>Assembly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GAC_Aion" title="GAC Aion">GAC Aion</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aion_Y_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aion Y Plus">Y Plus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aion_V" title="Aion V">V</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/SGMW_Motor_Indonesia" title="SGMW Motor Indonesia">SGMW Motor Indonesia</a></b><br />(SGMWI) </td> <td rowspan="2">2017 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">Wuling</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Confero" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Confero">Confero</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Cortez" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Cortez">Cortez</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Formo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Formo">Formo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Almaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Almaz">Almaz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Air_EV" title="Wuling Air EV">Air EV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Alvez" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Alvez">Alvez</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Binguo_EV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Binguo EV">Binguo EV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_Cloud_EV" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling Cloud EV">Cloud EV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_ZS_EV" class="mw-redirect" title="MG ZS EV">ZS EV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/MG4_EV" title="MG4 EV">4 EV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Seres_Group" title="Seres Group">Sokonindo Automobile</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2">2017 </td> <td rowspan="2">Cikande,<br /><a href="/wiki/Serang_Regency" title="Serang Regency">Serang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DFSK_Motor" class="mw-redirect" title="DFSK Motor">DFSK</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/DFSK_C-Series" title="DFSK C-Series">Super Cab</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/DFSK_Glory_580#Glory_i-Auto" class="mw-redirect" title="DFSK Glory 580">Glory i-Auto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/DFSK_Gelora" class="mw-redirect" title="DFSK Gelora">Gelora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/DFSK_Gelora" class="mw-redirect" title="DFSK Gelora">Gelora E</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seres_(automobiles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seres (automobiles)">Seres</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seres_E1" class="mw-redirect" title="Seres E1">E1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Indomobil_Motor" title="Suzuki Indomobil Motor">Suzuki Indomobil Motor</a></b><br />(SIM)<br />Plant 1 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>Tambun,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi City</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Carry" title="Suzuki Carry">Carry</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_APV" title="Suzuki APV">APV</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Indomobil_Motor" title="Suzuki Indomobil Motor">Suzuki Indomobil Motor</a></b><br />(SIM)<br />Plant 2 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cikarang" title="Cikarang">Cikarang</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Ertiga" title="Suzuki Ertiga">Ertiga</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_XL7" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzuki XL7">XL7</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Fronx" title="Suzuki Fronx">Fronx</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Astra_Motor" title="Toyota Astra Motor">Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a></b><br />(TMMIN)<br />Plant 1 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karawang_Regency" title="Karawang Regency">Karawang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Manufacturing </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Kijang_Innova_Zenix" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Kijang Innova Zenix">Kijang Innova Zenix</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Fortuner" title="Toyota Fortuner">Fortuner</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007–)</span></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Astra_Motor" title="Toyota Astra Motor">Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia</a></b><br />(TMMIN)<br />Plant 2 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Yaris" title="Toyota Yaris">Yaris</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Calya" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Calya">Calya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Avanza" title="Toyota Avanza">Avanza</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Veloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Veloz">Veloz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Yaris_Cross_(AC200)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Yaris Cross (AC200)">Yaris Cross</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023–)</span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>VinFast Automobile Indonesia</b><br />(VAI) </td> <td>2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subang_Regency" title="Subang Regency">Subang Regency</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> </td> <td>Manufacturing </td> <td><a href="/wiki/VinFast" title="VinFast">VinFast</a> </td> <td>Planned </td> <td>Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_statistics">Historical statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Historical statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sales_rank">Sales rank</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sales rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="left" style="text-align: center; width:100%; font-size:78%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11"><span class="anchor" id="top10models"></span><span style="font-size:120%">Top 10 best-selling models in Indonesia (passenger and light commercial vehicles), 1990–2023</span><br />Source: BSCB,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GAIKINDO<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="width:4%;">Year </th> <th colspan="10" style="width:90%;">Models and ranking </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:9%;">1st </th> <th style="width:9%;">2nd </th> <th style="width:9%;">3rd </th> <th style="width:9%;">4th </th> <th style="width:9%;">5th </th> <th style="width:9%;">6th </th> <th style="width:9%;">7th </th> <th style="width:9%;">8th </th> <th style="width:9%;">9th </th> <th style="width:9%;">10th </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1990</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Kijang" title="Toyota Kijang">Toyota Kijang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Zebra" title="Daihatsu Zebra">Daihatsu Zebra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Carry" title="Suzuki Carry">Suzuki Carry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Jimny" title="Suzuki Jimny">Suzuki Katana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_Civic" title="Honda Civic">Honda Civic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Corolla" title="Toyota Corolla">Toyota Corolla</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Rugger" title="Daihatsu Rugger">Daihatsu Rocky</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_Accord" title="Honda Accord">Honda Accord</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Rugger" title="Daihatsu Rugger">Daihatsu Hiline</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Colt_L300" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Colt L300">Mitsubishi Colt L300</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1991</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Colt_T120SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Colt T120SS">Mitsubishi Colt T120SS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Panther" title="Isuzu Panther">Isuzu Panther</a> </td> <td>Suzuki Katana </td> <td>Daihatsu Rocky </td> <td>Honda Civic </td> <td>Daihatsu Hiline </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Starlet" title="Toyota Starlet">Toyota Starlet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1992</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Suzuki Katana </td> <td>Daihatsu Rocky </td> <td>Toyota Corolla </td> <td>Honda Civic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Vitara" title="Suzuki Vitara">Suzuki Vitara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1993</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Suzuki Katana </td> <td>Suzuki Vitara </td> <td>Daihatsu Rocky </td> <td>Toyota Corolla </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1994</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Rugger" title="Daihatsu Rugger">Daihatsu Feroza</a> </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Suzuki Vitara </td> <td>Toyota Corolla </td> <td>Honda Accord </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1995</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Daihatsu Feroza </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Suzuki Vitara </td> <td>Toyota Corolla </td> <td>Daihatsu Hiline </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1996</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Suzuki Vitara </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kia_Sephia" title="Kia Sephia">Timor S5</a> </td> <td>Toyota Corolla </td> <td>Suzuki Katana </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1997</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Timor S5 </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Cultus_Crescent" title="Suzuki Cultus Crescent">Suzuki Baleno</a> </td> <td>Suzuki Vitara </td> <td>Suzuki Katana </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1998</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Timor S5 </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Suzuki Baleno </td> <td>Daihatsu Feroza </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Laser" title="Ford Laser">Ford Laser</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1999</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Freeca" title="Mitsubishi Freeca">Mitsubishi Kuda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Terios" title="Daihatsu Terios">Daihatsu Taruna</a> </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Timor S5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_S-10_Blazer" title="Chevrolet S-10 Blazer">Opel Blazer</a> </td> <td>Suzuki Vitara </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2000</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Taruna </td> <td>Mitsubishi Kuda </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Soluna" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Soluna">Toyota Soluna</a> </td> <td>Timor S5 </td> <td>Suzuki Baleno </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Daihatsu Taruna </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Toyota Soluna </td> <td>Mitsubishi Kuda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_CR-V" title="Honda CR-V">Honda CR-V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2002</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Mitsubishi Kuda </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Daihatsu Taruna </td> <td>Toyota Soluna </td> <td>Honda CR-V </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2003</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Honda CR-V </td> <td>Mitsubishi Kuda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_City" title="Honda City">Honda City</a> </td> <td>Daihatsu Taruna </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Avanza" title="Toyota Avanza">Toyota Avanza</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_Fit" title="Honda Fit">Honda Jazz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Xenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daihatsu Xenia">Daihatsu Xenia</a> </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Vios" title="Toyota Vios">Toyota Vios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2005</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_APV" title="Suzuki APV">Suzuki APV</a> </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2006</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td> <td>Suzuki APV </td> <td>Isuzu Panther </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Yaris" title="Toyota Yaris">Toyota Yaris</a> </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Daihatsu Zebra </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2007</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Terios" title="Daihatsu Terios">Daihatsu Terios</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Rush">Toyota Rush</a> </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Livina" title="Nissan Livina">Nissan Livina</a> </td> <td>Suzuki APV </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2008</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Gran_Max" title="Daihatsu Gran Max">Daihatsu Gran Max</a> </td> <td>Nissan Livina </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Suzuki APV </td> <td>Honda CR-V </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2009</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Nissan Livina </td> <td>Daihatsu Terios </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Suzuki APV </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2010</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Nissan Livina </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Suzuki APV </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2011</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Nissan Livina </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Mitsubishi T120SS </td> <td>Daihatsu Terios </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2012</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Nissan Livina </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Ertiga" title="Suzuki Ertiga">Suzuki Ertiga</a> </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Toyota Yaris </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2013</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Suzuki Ertiga </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Nissan Livina </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td> <td>Honda Jazz </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2014</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_Mobilio" title="Honda Mobilio">Honda Mobilio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Agya" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Agya">Toyota Agya</a> </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Suzuki Ertiga </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Ayla" title="Daihatsu Ayla">Daihatsu Ayla</a> </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt T120SS </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2015</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Toyota Agya </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_Brio" title="Honda Brio">Honda Brio</a> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_HR-V" title="Honda HR-V">Honda HR-V</a> </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Daihatsu Ayla </td> <td>Suzuki Ertiga </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2016</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Calya" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Calya">Toyota Calya</a> </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Toyota Agya </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Honda HR-V </td> <td>Daihatsu Ayla </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda_BR-V" title="Honda BR-V">Honda BR-V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2017</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu_Sigra" title="Daihatsu Sigra">Daihatsu Sigra</a> </td> <td>Honda HR-V </td> <td>Daihatsu Xenia </td> <td>Suzuki Ertiga </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2018</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Xpander" title="Mitsubishi Xpander">Mitsubishi Xpander</a> </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Honda HR-V </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2019</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Mitsubishi Xpander </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2020</b> </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Mitsubishi Xpander </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2021</b> </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Mitsubishi Xpander </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Mitsubishi Colt L300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2022</b> </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Mitsubishi Xpander </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Veloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Veloz">Toyota Veloz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2023</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Mitsubishi Xpander </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Honda HR-V </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2024</b> </td> <td>Toyota Kijang Innova </td> <td>Toyota Avanza </td> <td>Daihatsu Sigra </td> <td>Honda Brio </td> <td>Daihatsu Gran Max </td> <td>Toyota Calya </td> <td>Mitsubishi Xpander </td> <td>Toyota Rush </td> <td>Suzuki Carry </td> <td>Toyota Agya </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="width:9%;">1st </th> <th style="width:9%;">2nd </th> <th style="width:9%;">3rd </th> <th style="width:9%;">4th </th> <th style="width:9%;">5th </th> <th style="width:9%;">6th </th> <th style="width:9%;">7th </th> <th style="width:9%;">8th </th> <th style="width:9%;">9th </th> <th style="width:9%;">10th </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"><b>Note:</b> 1. Suzuki Vitara includes Escudo and Sidekick<span class="nowrap">   </span>2. Suzuki Carry not including Mega Carry<span class="nowrap">   </span>3. Daihatsu Gran Max not including van/panel van models<span class="nowrap">   </span>4. Nissan Livina includes two-row Livina and three-row Grand Livina<span class="nowrap">   </span>5. Honda Brio includes <a href="/wiki/Low_Cost_Green_Car_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)">LCGC</a> Brio Satya<span class="nowrap">   </span>6. Mitsubishi Xpander includes Xpander Cross<span class="nowrap">   </span>7. Toyota Avanza not including W100 series Veloz<span class="nowrap">   </span>8. Toyota Kijang Innova includes AN140 series and AG10 series </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"><b>See also</b> : Best-selling models in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia#top10models" title="Automotive industry in Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil#top10models" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India#top10models" title="Automotive industry in India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan#top10models" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia#top10models" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines#top10models" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand#top10models" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden#top10models" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industry_data">Industry data</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Industry data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; font-size:90%;" align="left"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Calendar Year </th> <th>Wholesales </th> <th>Retail Sales </th> <th>Production </th> <th>Exports (CBU)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1990<sup id="cite_ref-:3_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>223,547 </td> <td rowspan="21"><i>not available</i> </td> <td rowspan="19"><i>not available</i> </td> <td rowspan="14"><i>not available</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1991<sup id="cite_ref-:3_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>215,644 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1992<sup id="cite_ref-:4_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>150,221 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1993<sup id="cite_ref-:4_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>184,977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1994<sup id="cite_ref-:5_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>279,228 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1995<sup id="cite_ref-:5_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>326,965 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1996<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>278,416 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1997<sup id="cite_ref-:6_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>336,968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1998<sup id="cite_ref-:6_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>53,412 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1999<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>84,928 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2000<sup id="cite_ref-:7_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>289,747 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001<sup id="cite_ref-:7_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>270,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2002<sup id="cite_ref-:7_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>288,553 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2003<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>320,457 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>441,912 </td> <td>9,572 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2005</b> </td> <td>533,917 </td> <td>17,805 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2006</b> </td> <td>318,904 </td> <td>30,974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2007</b> </td> <td>433,341 </td> <td>60,267 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2008</b> </td> <td>603,774 </td> <td>100,982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2009</b> </td> <td>486,088 </td> <td>464,816 </td> <td>56,669 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2010</b> </td> <td>764,710 </td> <td>702,508 </td> <td>85,769 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2011</b> </td> <td>894,164 </td> <td>890,559 </td> <td>838,388 </td> <td>107,932 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2012</b> </td> <td>1,116,230 </td> <td>1,098,331 </td> <td>1,052,895 </td> <td>173,371 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2013</b> </td> <td>1,229,811 </td> <td>1,218,817 </td> <td>1,206,368 </td> <td>170,958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2014</b> </td> <td>1,208,019 </td> <td>1,195,409 </td> <td>1,298,523 </td> <td>202,273 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2015</b> </td> <td>1,013,518 </td> <td>1,031,842 </td> <td>1,098,780 </td> <td>207,961 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2016</b> </td> <td>1,062,694 </td> <td>1,073,547 </td> <td>1,178,346 </td> <td>194,395 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2017</b> </td> <td>1,077,365 </td> <td>1,067,396 </td> <td>1,217,518 </td> <td>231,169 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2018</b> </td> <td>1,151,284 </td> <td>1,152,641 </td> <td>1,343,743 </td> <td>264,553 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2019</b> </td> <td>1,030,126 </td> <td>1,043,017 </td> <td>1,286,848 </td> <td>332,023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2020</b> </td> <td>532,027 </td> <td>578,327 </td> <td>690,150 </td> <td>232,175 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2021</b> </td> <td>887,202 </td> <td>863,348 </td> <td>1,121,967 </td> <td>294,639 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2022</b> </td> <td>1,048,040 </td> <td>1,013,582 </td> <td>1,470,146 </td> <td>473,602 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2023</b> </td> <td>1,005,802 </td> <td>998,059 </td> <td>1,395,717 </td> <td>505,134 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2024</b> </td> <td>865,723 </td> <td>889,680 </td> <td>1,196,664 </td> <td>472,194 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnggraeni2018" class="citation web cs1">Anggraeni, Kartika (29 March 2018). Hidayat, Ali Akhmad Noor (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1074289/menperin-industri-otomotif-sumbang-1016-persen-ke-pdb">"Menperin: Industri Otomotif Sumbang 10,16 Persen ke PDB"</a>. <i>Tempo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tempo&rft.atitle=Menperin%3A+Industri+Otomotif+Sumbang+10%2C16+Persen+ke+PDB&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft.aulast=Anggraeni&rft.aufirst=Kartika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbisnis.tempo.co%2Fread%2F1074289%2Fmenperin-industri-otomotif-sumbang-1016-persen-ke-pdb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmelia2014" class="citation web cs1">Amelia, Vini Rizki (18 September 2014). Mutiara, Dian Anditya (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2014/09/18/industri-otomotif-indonesia-untung-25-miliar-dolar-as">"Industri Otomotif Indonesia Untung 2,5 Miliar Dolar AS"</a> [Indonesian automotive industry gained 2.5 billion USD surplus]. <i>Detik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Detik&rft.atitle=Industri+Otomotif+Indonesia+Untung+2%2C5+Miliar+Dolar+AS&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft.aulast=Amelia&rft.aufirst=Vini+Rizki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwartakota.tribunnews.com%2F2014%2F09%2F18%2Findustri-otomotif-indonesia-untung-25-miliar-dolar-as&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2018" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Mindy (20 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceoworld.biz/2018/11/20/worlds-top-20-largest-passenger-car-producing-countries-in-2017-million-units/">"World's Top 20 Largest Passenger Car-Producing Countries In 2017 (Million Units)"</a>. <i>CEOWORLD magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEOWORLD+magazine&rft.atitle=World%27s+Top+20+Largest+Passenger+Car-Producing+Countries+In+2017+%28Million+Units%29&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Mindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fceoworld.biz%2F2018%2F11%2F20%2Fworlds-top-20-largest-passenger-car-producing-countries-in-2017-million-units%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indonesia-investments.com/business/industries-sectors/automotive-industry/item6047">"Automotive Manufacturing Industry Indonesia – Car Sales | Indonesia Investments"</a>. <i>www.indonesia-investments.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indonesia-investments.com&rft.atitle=Automotive+Manufacturing+Industry+Indonesia+%E2%80%93+Car+Sales+%7C+Indonesia+Investments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia-investments.com%2Fbusiness%2Findustries-sectors%2Fautomotive-industry%2Fitem6047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemScenes_12016" class="citation web cs1">Dem, Bart; Scenes 1, tInternational Street (9 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carsalesbase.com/car-cultures-around-world-bali-indonesia/">"Car cultures around the world: Bali, Indonesia"</a>. <i>carsalesbase.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=carsalesbase.com&rft.atitle=Car+cultures+around+the+world%3A+Bali%2C+Indonesia&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft.aulast=Dem&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft.au=Scenes+1%2C+tInternational+Street&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarsalesbase.com%2Fcar-cultures-around-world-bali-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/2016-09/indonesia-automotive-industry-outlook-2020.pdf">"Indonesia Automotive Industry Outlook 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ipsos</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ipsos&rft.atitle=Indonesia+Automotive+Industry+Outlook+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2016-09%2Findonesia-automotive-industry-outlook-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.gaikindo.or.id/">"Indonesian Automobile Industry Data"</a>. <i>files.gaikindo.or.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=files.gaikindo.or.id&rft.atitle=Indonesian+Automobile+Industry+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.gaikindo.or.id%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemuels2017" class="citation web cs1">Semuels, Alana (6 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/11/us-cars-japan/544991/">"Why Aren't U.S. Cars Popular in Japan?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Why+Aren%27t+U.S.+Cars+Popular+in+Japan%3F&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft.aulast=Semuels&rft.aufirst=Alana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2017%2F11%2Fus-cars-japan%2F544991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7022404.pdf">"Changing Features of the Automobile Industry in Asia: Comparison of Production, Trade and Market Structure in Selected Countries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (pdf). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207080244/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7022404.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changing+Features+of+the+Automobile+Industry+in+Asia%3A+Comparison+of+Production%2C+Trade+and+Market+Structure+in+Selected+Countries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F7022404.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astra.co.id/Business/Automotive/Cars/Daihatsu">"Astra International"</a>. <i>www.astra.co.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.astra.co.id&rft.atitle=Astra+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astra.co.id%2FBusiness%2FAutomotive%2FCars%2FDaihatsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhulima2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luhulima, James (2012). <i>Sejarah Mobil & Kisah Kehadiran Mobil di Negeri Ini</i> [<i>History of Cars & The Story of the Presence of Cars in this Country</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas Penerbit Buku. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-709-648-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-709-648-9"><bdi>978-979-709-648-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+Mobil+%26+Kisah+Kehadiran+Mobil+di+Negeri+Ini&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Kompas+Penerbit+Buku&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-979-709-648-9&rft.aulast=Luhulima&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gooto.com/read/1190391/inilah-3-provinsi-dengan-penjualan-mobil-terbesar-2018">"Inilah 3 Provinsi dengan Penjualan Mobil Terbesar 2018"</a>. <i>Tempo</i>. 29 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tempo&rft.atitle=Inilah+3+Provinsi+dengan+Penjualan+Mobil+Terbesar+2018&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gooto.com%2Fread%2F1190391%2Finilah-3-provinsi-dengan-penjualan-mobil-terbesar-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedia2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Media, Kompas Cyber (9 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2018/08/09/150807015/hampir-40-persen-penjualan-mobil-nasional-hanya-di-jakarta-jabar">"Hampir 40 Persen Penjualan Mobil Nasional Hanya di Jakarta-Jabar"</a> [Almost 40 per cent of national car sales were from Jakarta and West Java]. <i>KOMPAS.com</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOMPAS.com&rft.atitle=Hampir+40+Persen+Penjualan+Mobil+Nasional+Hanya+di+Jakarta-Jabar&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.aulast=Media&rft.aufirst=Kompas+Cyber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotomotif.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2018%2F08%2F09%2F150807015%2Fhampir-40-persen-penjualan-mobil-nasional-hanya-di-jakarta-jabar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdris" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Idris, Muhammad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oto.detik.com/mobil/d-3822854/2017-warga-jabar-dan-jakarta-paling-banyak-beli-mobil-baru">"2017, Warga Jabar dan Jakarta Paling Banyak Beli Mobil Baru"</a> [2017, West Java and Jakarta citizens bought the most new cars]. <i>detikoto</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=detikoto&rft.atitle=2017%2C+Warga+Jabar+dan+Jakarta+Paling+Banyak+Beli+Mobil+Baru&rft.aulast=Idris&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foto.detik.com%2Fmobil%2Fd-3822854%2F2017-warga-jabar-dan-jakarta-paling-banyak-beli-mobil-baru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-luhulima-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-luhulima_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhulima2014" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luhulima, James (25 March 2014), <i>Sejarah Mobil & Kisah Kehadiran Mobil Di Negeri Ini</i> (in Indonesian), Jakarta, Indonesia: Kompas, p. 16</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+Mobil+%26+Kisah+Kehadiran+Mobil+Di+Negeri+Ini&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Kompas&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.aulast=Luhulima&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InTw-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InTw_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-InTw_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="InTw" class="citation cs2">Adriana, Elisabeth; Tu, Chaw-Hsia, eds. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UfJPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41"><i>Indonesia-Taiwan Economic Cooperation Arrangement: Is it Feasible?</i></a>, Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, p. 41, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-461-858-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-461-858-5"><bdi>978-979-461-858-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia-Taiwan+Economic+Cooperation+Arrangement%3A+Is+it+Feasible%3F&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Yayasan+Pustaka+Obor+Indonesia&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-979-461-858-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUfJPDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ww1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ww1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ww1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ww1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ancil" class="citation cs2">Witoelar, Wimar (1983), Odata, Kōnosuke (ed.), "Ancillary Firm Development in the Motor Industry in Indonesia", <i>The Motor Vehicle Industry in Asia: A Study of Ancillary Firm Development</i>, Singapore: NUS Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>19, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971690571" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971690571"><bdi>978-9971690571</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Motor+Vehicle+Industry+in+Asia%3A+A+Study+of+Ancillary+Firm+Development&rft.atitle=Ancillary+Firm+Development+in+the+Motor+Industry+in+Indonesia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-9971690571&rft.aulast=Witoelar&rft.aufirst=Wimar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222072822/https://www.daihatsu.com/company/history/E_history110/">"Vol. 6, 1978 onward: Active entry into overseas markets"</a>. <i>Daihatsu History</i>. Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daihatsu.com/company/history/E_history110/">the original</a> on 22 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daihatsu+History&rft.atitle=Vol.+6%2C+1978+onward%3A+Active+entry+into+overseas+markets&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daihatsu.com%2Fcompany%2Fhistory%2FE_history110%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AND681-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AND681_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarjanto1981" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Harjanto, Ismu (June 1981). "Tahun 1984 Indonesia diharapkan sudah dapat membuat mobil sendiri" [Indonesia is expected to make its own car by 1984]. <i>Andalan</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. I, no. 3. PT New Ratna Motor. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andalan&rft.atitle=Tahun+1984+Indonesia+diharapkan+sudah+dapat+membuat+mobil+sendiri&rft.volume=I&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1981-06&rft.aulast=Harjanto&rft.aufirst=Ismu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doner-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doner_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doner_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="RfD" class="citation cs2">Doner, Richard F. (1991), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drivingbargainau0000done/page/151"><i>Driving a Bargain: Automobile Industrialization and Japanese Firms in Southeast Asia</i></a></span>, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Oxford: University of California, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drivingbargainau0000done/page/151">151, 157</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-06938-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-06938-2"><bdi>0-520-06938-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driving+a+Bargain%3A+Automobile+Industrialization+and+Japanese+Firms+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+and+Oxford&rft.pages=151%2C+157&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-520-06938-2&rft.aulast=Doner&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrivingbargainau0000done%2Fpage%2F151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doner152-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-doner152_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RfD">Doner</a>, p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pisang45-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pisang45_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pisang45_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MOB1" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Salamun, Untung (March 1984). "MPU larisnya seperti pisang goreng" [MPUs are selling like fried bananas]. <i>MOB: Mekanik Populer & Mobil</i> (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: P.T. Dinamika Dharma: 47. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0125-9520">0125-9520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MOB%3A+Mekanik+Populer+%26+Mobil&rft.atitle=MPU+larisnya+seperti+pisang+goreng&rft.pages=47&rft.date=1984-03&rft.issn=0125-9520&rft.aulast=Salamun&rft.aufirst=Untung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MM1082-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MM1082_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidayat1982" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hidayat, Arief (1 December 1982). "Daftar harga: mobil diesel" [Price list: diesel vehicles]. <i>Mobil & Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. 12, no. 11. PT Inscore Indonesia. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7591">0047-7591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.atitle=Daftar+harga%3A+mobil+diesel&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=67&rft.date=1982-12-01&rft.issn=0047-7591&rft.aulast=Hidayat&rft.aufirst=Arief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMsolar-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMsolar_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurwoto1982" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Purwoto, Breyman (1 December 1982). "Nasib mobil berbahanbakar solar" [The fate of diesel cars]. <i>Mobil & Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. 12, no. 11. PT Inscore Indonesia. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7591">0047-7591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.atitle=Nasib+mobil+berbahanbakar+solar&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1982-12-01&rft.issn=0047-7591&rft.aulast=Purwoto&rft.aufirst=Breyman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LCGC-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LCGC_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.detik.com/read/2011/12/23/113104/1798314/1036/mobil-murah-nasional-rp-3999-juta-meluncur-januari-2012?f771108bcj">"detik Finance : Mobil Murah Nasional Rp 39,99 Juta Meluncur Januari 2012"</a> [National Cheap Car stock slides by Rp 39.99 million in January 2012]. <i>Detik Finance</i> (in Indonesian). 23 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Detik+Finance&rft.atitle=detik+Finance+%3A+Mobil+Murah+Nasional+Rp+39%2C99+Juta+Meluncur+Januari+2012&rft.date=2011-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.detik.com%2Fread%2F2011%2F12%2F23%2F113104%2F1798314%2F1036%2Fmobil-murah-nasional-rp-3999-juta-meluncur-januari-2012%3Ff771108bcj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730224324/http://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/173799/PP0412013.pdf">"Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia nomor 41 tahun 2013"</a> [Indonesian Republic, Government Regulation number 41 of 2013] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Indonesian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/173799/PP0412013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peraturan+Pemerintah+Republik+Indonesia+nomor+41+tahun+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsipuu.setkab.go.id%2FPUUdoc%2F173799%2FPP0412013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaikindo.or.id/bea-masuk-barang-impor-naik/">"Bea Masuk Barang Impor Naik – GAIKINDO"</a>. <i>www.gaikindo.or.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gaikindo.or.id&rft.atitle=Bea+Masuk+Barang+Impor+Naik+%E2%80%93+GAIKINDO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaikindo.or.id%2Fbea-masuk-barang-impor-naik%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otopedia.com/berita/tata-cara-dan-menghitung-biaya-bea-masuk-impor-kendaraan/#:~:text=Contoh%20simulasi%20pajak%20impor%20kendaraan%20mobil%20mewah&text=Jika%20sebelumnya%20tarif%20PPh%20pasal,mewah%20impor%20dinaikkan%20menjadi%2010%25.">"Tata Cara dan Menghitung Biaya Bea Masuk Impor Kendaraan"</a>. <i>otopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=otopedia.com&rft.atitle=Tata+Cara+dan+Menghitung+Biaya+Bea+Masuk+Impor+Kendaraan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotopedia.com%2Fberita%2Ftata-cara-dan-menghitung-biaya-bea-masuk-impor-kendaraan%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DContoh%2520simulasi%2520pajak%2520impor%2520kendaraan%2520mobil%2520mewah%26text%3DJika%2520sebelumnya%2520tarif%2520PPh%2520pasal%2Cmewah%2520impor%2520dinaikkan%2520menjadi%252010%2525.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/indonesia-imports/update-1-indonesia-raises-import-taxes-on-1000-plus-goods-to-support-rupiah-idUSL3N1VR3ZT">"UPDATE 1-Indonesia raises import taxes on 1,000-plus goods to support rupiah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 5 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=UPDATE+1-Indonesia+raises+import+taxes+on+1%2C000-plus+goods+to+support+rupiah&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Findonesia-imports%2Fupdate-1-indonesia-raises-import-taxes-on-1000-plus-goods-to-support-rupiah-idUSL3N1VR3ZT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indonesia-investments.com/news/todays-headlines/indonesian-demand-for-imported-cbu-cars-still-strong/item6501?">"Indonesian Demand for Imported CBU Cars still Strong | Indonesia Investments"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Demand+for+Imported+CBU+Cars+still+Strong+%26%23124%3B+Indonesia+Investments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia-investments.com%2Fnews%2Ftodays-headlines%2Findonesian-demand-for-imported-cbu-cars-still-strong%2Fitem6501%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghist-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghist_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gaikindo.or.id/en/gaikindo-history-2/">"GAIKINDO History"</a>. GAIKINDO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GAIKINDO+History&rft.pub=GAIKINDO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaikindo.or.id%2Fen%2Fgaikindo-history-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ww32-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ww32_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ancil">Witoelar</a>, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liem241-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liem241_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liem241_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="LSLSG" class="citation book cs1">Borsuk, Richard; Chang, Nancy (23 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GnKZBQAAQBAJ"><i>Liem Sioe Liong's Salim Group: The Business Pillar of Suharto's Indonesia</i></a>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4459-57-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4459-57-0"><bdi>978-981-4459-57-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liem+Sioe+Liong%27s+Salim+Group%3A+The+Business+Pillar+of+Suharto%27s+Indonesia&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2014-05-23&rft.isbn=978-981-4459-57-0&rft.aulast=Borsuk&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Chang%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGnKZBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knalpok-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-knalpok_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knalpok_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180101041718/http://tarulh.com/2016/05/02/kota-asap-knalpot-dan-cinta-nan-rumit/">"Kota, Asap Knalpot, dan Cinta nan Rumit..."</a> [City, Exhaust Smoke, and Troubled Love...]. <i>Kliping</i> (in Indonesian). 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kliping&rft.atitle=Kota%2C+Asap+Knalpot%2C+dan+Cinta+nan+Rumit...&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftarulh.com%2F2016%2F05%2F02%2Fkota-asap-knalpot-dan-cinta-nan-rumit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jepang-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jepang_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkonugroho1981" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ekonugroho, Muhammad (June 1981). "Kendaraan Jepang: Andalan dunia di Jalan Raya" [Japanese Vehicles: Mainstays of the world’s Highways]. <i>Andalan</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. I, no. 3. PT New Ratna Motor. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andalan&rft.atitle=Kendaraan+Jepang%3A+Andalan+dunia+di+Jalan+Raya&rft.volume=I&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1981-06&rft.aulast=Ekonugroho&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atpm-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atpm_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atpm_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyu_Kusumawardhani2016" class="citation web cs1">Ayu Kusumawardhani, Citra (4 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018130524/http://hprplawyers.com/what-kind-of-business-does-an-exclusive-licensee-agent-agen-tunggal-pemegang-merk-or-atpm-actually-do/">"What Kind of Business does an Exclusive Licensee Agent (Agen Tunggal Pemegang Merk or "ATPM") Actually Do?"</a>. Hanafiah Ponggawa & Partners. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hprplawyers.com/what-kind-of-business-does-an-exclusive-licensee-agent-agen-tunggal-pemegang-merk-or-atpm-actually-do/">the original</a> on 18 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Kind+of+Business+does+an+Exclusive+Licensee+Agent+%28Agen+Tunggal+Pemegang+Merk+or+%22ATPM%22%29+Actually+Do%3F&rft.pub=Hanafiah+Ponggawa+%26+Partners&rft.date=2016-06-04&rft.aulast=Ayu+Kusumawardhani&rft.aufirst=Citra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhprplawyers.com%2Fwhat-kind-of-business-does-an-exclusive-licensee-agent-agen-tunggal-pemegang-merk-or-atpm-actually-do%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-im92-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-im92_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-im92_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustmar1992" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mustmar, Andi (2 November 1992). "Tanpa spesialisasi, ya merugi" [Specialize or be lost]. <i>Intan Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. VI, no. 113. Jakarta: Yayasan Beraya Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0215-7713">0215-7713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intan+Motor&rft.atitle=Tanpa+spesialisasi%2C+ya+merugi&rft.volume=VI&rft.issue=113&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1992-11-02&rft.issn=0215-7713&rft.aulast=Mustmar&rft.aufirst=Andi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bob-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bob_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kreatifitasurangbandung.blogspot.com/2010/01/sejarah-motor-bmw-di-indonesia.html">"Sejarah Motor BMW di Indonesia"</a> [History of BMW motorcycles in Indonesia]. <i>Modifikasi Motor Klasik</i> (in Indonesian). 27 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Modifikasi+Motor+Klasik&rft.atitle=Sejarah+Motor+BMW+di+Indonesia&rft.date=2010-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkreatifitasurangbandung.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F01%2Fsejarah-motor-bmw-di-indonesia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E12-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-E12_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-E12_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThieme" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thieme, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e12.de/palette/ckd/02a71l10.htm">"CKD: Indonesien"</a>. <i>E12.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=E12.de&rft.atitle=CKD%3A+Indonesien&rft.aulast=Thieme&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe12.de%2Fpalette%2Fckd%2F02a71l10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/asia/article/detail/T0047752EN/bmw-group-to-establish-subsidiary-in-indonesia?language=en">"BMW Group To Establish Subsidiary in Indonesia"</a>. BMW Group. 29 January 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Group+To+Establish+Subsidiary+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=BMW+Group&rft.date=2001-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.bmwgroup.com%2Fasia%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2FT0047752EN%2Fbmw-group-to-establish-subsidiary-in-indonesia%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pisang47-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pisang47_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pisang47_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MOB1">Salamun</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daihatsu.com/news/2003/03121101.html">"Daihatsu, Toyota Announce Dual-model Debut for Indonesia —Innovative Small Car Aimed at Creating New Segment—"</a>. <i>DAIHATSU Global Website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAIHATSU+Global+Website&rft.atitle=Daihatsu%2C+Toyota+Announce+Dual-model+Debut+for+Indonesia+%E2%80%94Innovative+Small+Car+Aimed+at+Creating+New+Segment%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daihatsu.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2F03121101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiputan6.com2003" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liputan6.com (19 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/68497/mobil-serba-guna-ala-avanza-dan-xenia">"Mobil Serba Guna ala Avanza dan Xenia"</a>. <i>liputan6.com</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liputan6.com&rft.atitle=Mobil+Serba+Guna+ala+Avanza+dan+Xenia&rft.date=2003-12-19&rft.au=Liputan6.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liputan6.com%2Fnews%2Fread%2F68497%2Fmobil-serba-guna-ala-avanza-dan-xenia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGridOto.com" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">GridOto.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otomania.gridoto.com/read/241263122/hari-bersejarah-buat-duo-daihatsu-xenia-dan-toyota-avanza-ada-apa">"Hari Bersejarah Buat Duo Daihatsu Xenia dan Toyota Avanza, Ada Apa? - GridOto.com"</a>. <i>otomania.gridoto.com</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=otomania.gridoto.com&rft.atitle=Hari+Bersejarah+Buat+Duo+Daihatsu+Xenia+dan+Toyota+Avanza%2C+Ada+Apa%3F+-+GridOto.com&rft.au=GridOto.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotomania.gridoto.com%2Fread%2F241263122%2Fhari-bersejarah-buat-duo-daihatsu-xenia-dan-toyota-avanza-ada-apa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadi2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hadi, Dimas (26 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carmudi.co.id/journal/sejarah-honda-di-indonesia/">"Infografis: Sejarah Honda di Indonesia"</a>. <i>Carmudi Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carmudi+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Infografis%3A+Sejarah+Honda+di+Indonesia&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft.aulast=Hadi&rft.aufirst=Dimas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carmudi.co.id%2Fjournal%2Fsejarah-honda-di-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=107863">"Hyundai Motor Accelerating Penetration of the ASEAN Market"</a>. <i>www.businesskorea.co.kr/</i>. 17 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.businesskorea.co.kr%2F&rft.atitle=Hyundai+Motor+Accelerating+Penetration+of+the+ASEAN+Market&rft.date=2023-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesskorea.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D107863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hyundai.factorytour.id/en">"Hyundai Factory Tour Program | Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hyundai+Factory+Tour+Program+%26%23124%3B+Hyundai+Motor+Manufacturing+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhyundai.factorytour.id%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-luhulima2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-luhulima2_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhulima2014" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luhulima, James (25 March 2014), <i>Sejarah Mobil & Kisah Kehadiran Mobil Di Negeri Ini</i> (in Indonesian), Jakarta, Indonesia: Kompas, p. 16</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+Mobil+%26+Kisah+Kehadiran+Mobil+Di+Negeri+Ini&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Kompas&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.aulast=Luhulima&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BriefH2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BriefH2_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BriefH2_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208133036/https://www.mercedes-benz.co.id/passengercars/the-brand/50-years-of-Mercedes-Benz-in-Indonesia.pi.html/the-brand/50-years-of-Mercedes-Benz-in-Indonesia/Donation-of-Benz-Patent-Motorwagen-replica/details">"Mercedes-Benz celebrates 50th anniversary in Indonesia"</a>. <i>www.mercedes-benz.co.id</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercedes-benz.co.id/passengercars/the-brand/50-years-of-Mercedes-Benz-in-Indonesia.pi.html/the-brand/50-years-of-Mercedes-Benz-in-Indonesia/Donation-of-Benz-Patent-Motorwagen-replica/details">the original</a> on 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mercedes-benz.co.id&rft.atitle=Mercedes-Benz+celebrates+50th+anniversary+in+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercedes-benz.co.id%2Fpassengercars%2Fthe-brand%2F50-years-of-Mercedes-Benz-in-Indonesia.pi.html%2Fthe-brand%2F50-years-of-Mercedes-Benz-in-Indonesia%2FDonation-of-Benz-Patent-Motorwagen-replica%2Fdetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinekasri" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Binekasri, Romys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20231004072717-17-477664/indomobil-inchcape-resmi-akuisisi-mercedes-benz-indonesia">"Indomobil & Inchcape Resmi Akuisisi Mercedes-Benz Indonesia"</a>. <i>CNBC Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Indomobil+%26+Inchcape+Resmi+Akuisisi+Mercedes-Benz+Indonesia&rft.aulast=Binekasri&rft.aufirst=Romys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbcindonesia.com%2Fmarket%2F20231004072717-17-477664%2Findomobil-inchcape-resmi-akuisisi-mercedes-benz-indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-klakson3-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-klakson3_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-klakson3_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuwendo_Suswanto1991" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ruwendo Suswanto, Budiono (21 January 1991). "Nostalgia Raya Jalanan" [Nostalgia for the King of the Road]. <i>Mobil & Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. XX, no. 21. PT Informedia Indonesia. pp. <span class="nowrap">12–</span>13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7591">0047-7591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.atitle=Nostalgia+Raya+Jalanan&rft.volume=XX&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1991-01-21&rft.issn=0047-7591&rft.aulast=Ruwendo+Suswanto&rft.aufirst=Budiono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-klak2-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-klak2_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKusnaeni1991" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kusnaeni, Mohamad (21 January 1991). "Pertempuran kelas 1.300cc" [Battle in the 1300 cc class]. <i>Mobil & Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. XX, no. 21. PT Informedia Indonesia. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7591">0047-7591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.atitle=Pertempuran+kelas+1.300cc&rft.volume=XX&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1991-01-21&rft.issn=0047-7591&rft.aulast=Kusnaeni&rft.aufirst=Mohamad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/otomotif-koran/16/10/14/of1ak71-ktb-pisahkan-dua-merek-mitsubishi">"KTB Pisahkan Dua Merek Mitsubishi"</a>. <i>Republika Online</i>. 14 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Republika+Online&rft.atitle=KTB+Pisahkan+Dua+Merek+Mitsubishi&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepublika.co.id%2Fberita%2Fkoran%2Fotomotif-koran%2F16%2F10%2F14%2Fof1ak71-ktb-pisahkan-dua-merek-mitsubishi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.id/sejarah-perusahaan">"Sejarah Perusahaan"</a>. <i>Mitsubishi Motors Indonesia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mitsubishi+Motors+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Sejarah+Perusahaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mitsubishi-motors.co.id%2Fsejarah-perusahaan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrisuloSamudraFirmansyah2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trisulo, Bambang; Samudra, M; Firmansyah, Arif (2003). <i>Arsip mobil kita: Tamasya sejarah seabad perjalanan mobil di Indonesia</i> [<i>Our cars archive: Sightseeing through a century of the car in Indonesia</i>] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: PT Temprint. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789799768506" title="Special:BookSources/9789799768506"><bdi>9789799768506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arsip+mobil+kita%3A+Tamasya+sejarah+seabad+perjalanan+mobil+di+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=PT+Temprint&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789799768506&rft.aulast=Trisulo&rft.aufirst=Bambang&rft.au=Samudra%2C+M&rft.au=Firmansyah%2C+Arif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMabd-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMabd_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.B.1986" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">A.B., Dahlan, ed. (15 March 1986). "Laporan Test: Suzuki Forsa GL" [Test report]. <i>Mobil & Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. 15, no. 17. PT Inscore Indonesia. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7591">0047-7591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.atitle=Laporan+Test%3A+Suzuki+Forsa+GL&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1986-03-15&rft.issn=0047-7591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toy75-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toy75_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toy75_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/overall_chronological_table/1971.html">"Overall Chronological Table: 1971–1980"</a>. <i>75 Years of Toyota</i>. Toyota Motor Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=75+Years+of+Toyota&rft.atitle=Overall+Chronological+Table%3A+1971%E2%80%931980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toyota-global.com%2Fcompany%2Fhistory_of_toyota%2F75years%2Fdata%2Foverall_chronological_table%2F1971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MM1085-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MM1085_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM1085_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="mm85" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hidayat, Arief (11 November 1985). "Corona EX-Saloon '86". <i>Mobil & Motor</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. XV, no. 10. PT Inscore Indonesia. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-7591">0047-7591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.atitle=Corona+EX-Saloon+%2786&rft.volume=XV&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1985-11-11&rft.issn=0047-7591&rft.aulast=Hidayat&rft.aufirst=Arief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motor80-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-motor80_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motor80_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB.J.1984" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">B.J., Zulkifli (1 January 1984). "Loncatan Kijang" [Kijang climbs]. <i>Motor80</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. IV, no. 1. PT Blora Mulya. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motor80&rft.atitle=Loncatan+Kijang&rft.volume=IV&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1984-01-01&rft.aulast=B.J.&rft.aufirst=Zulkifli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TP37-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TP37_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#TPaw">Pawitra</a>, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InTw42-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-InTw42_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#InTw"><i>Indonesia-Taiwan Economic Cooperation Arrangement: Is it Feasible?</i></a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UfJPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42">42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BriefH-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BriefH_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128181704/https://www.mercedes-benz.co.id/content/indonesia/mpc/mpc_indonesia_website/enng/home_mpc/passengercars/home/about-us/mercedes_benz_indonesia/brief_history.html">"Brief History"</a>. Mercedes-Benz Indonesia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercedes-benz.co.id/content/indonesia/mpc/mpc_indonesia_website/enng/home_mpc/passengercars/home/about-us/mercedes_benz_indonesia/brief_history.html">the original</a> on 28 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+History&rft.pub=Mercedes-Benz+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercedes-benz.co.id%2Fcontent%2Findonesia%2Fmpc%2Fmpc_indonesia_website%2Fenng%2Fhome_mpc%2Fpassengercars%2Fhome%2Fabout-us%2Fmercedes_benz_indonesia%2Fbrief_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doner128-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-doner128_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RfD">Doner</a>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobison1978" class="citation cs2">Robison, Richard (April 1978), "Toward a Class Analysis of the Indonesian Military Bureaucratic State", <i>Indonesia</i>, <b>25</b> (25), Cornell University Southeast Asia Program: 28, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3350965">10.2307/3350965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1813%2F53657">1813/53657</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3350965">3350965</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Class+Analysis+of+the+Indonesian+Military+Bureaucratic+State&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1978-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1813%2F53657&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3350965%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3350965&rft.aulast=Robison&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T2indo-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T2indo_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolenaarPrinz2013" class="citation cs2">Molenaar, Vincent; Prinz, Alexander (1 March 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=52ngAwAAQBAJ&q=Indonesia"><i>VW Transporter and Microbus Specification Guide 1967–1979</i></a>, Crowood, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847975454" title="Special:BookSources/9781847975454"><bdi>9781847975454</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=VW+Transporter+and+Microbus+Specification+Guide+1967%E2%80%931979&rft.pub=Crowood&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.isbn=9781847975454&rft.aulast=Molenaar&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.au=Prinz%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D52ngAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DIndonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motorharga-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-motorharga_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrai1984" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adrai, Kadjat, ed. (1 January 1984). "Harga Mobil & Motor" [Car and motorcycle prices]. <i>Motor80</i> (in Indonesian). Vol. IV, no. 1. PT Blora Mulya. p. 79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motor80&rft.atitle=Harga+Mobil+%26+Motor&rft.volume=IV&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79&rft.date=1984-01-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TP33-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TP33_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#TPaw">Pawitra</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wulingmotorbali.com/company-profile/">"Profile Perusahaan Wuling Motors Indonesia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+Perusahaan+Wuling+Motors+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wulingmotorbali.com%2Fcompany-profile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wuling.id/en/">"The Best Car for Your Comfort & Family"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Best+Car+for+Your+Comfort+%26+Family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwuling.id%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wuling.id/">"Mobil Keluarga, Mobil MPV, dan Mobil SUV Terbaik Untuk Kenyamanan Anda & Keluarga"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobil+Keluarga%2C+Mobil+MPV%2C+dan+Mobil+SUV+Terbaik+Untuk+Kenyamanan+Anda+%26+Keluarga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwuling.id%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jawawa.id/newsitem/general-motors-indonesia-optimist-on-2000-sales-target-1447893297">"General Motors Indonesia optimist on 2000 sales target"</a>. <i>Indonesian Business Updates</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indonesian+Business+Updates&rft.atitle=General+Motors+Indonesia+optimist+on+2000+sales+target&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjawawa.id%2Fnewsitem%2Fgeneral-motors-indonesia-optimist-on-2000-sales-target-1447893297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/07/12/143647.html">"Subaru Introduces All New Forester Available July 20 At GM AutoWorld"</a>. <i>www.theautochannel.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theautochannel.com&rft.atitle=Subaru+Introduces+All+New+Forester+Available+July+20+At+GM+AutoWorld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theautochannel.com%2Fnews%2F2002%2F07%2F12%2F143647.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/gm-facilities/gm-indonesia-facilities/gm-bekasi-west-java-indonesia-plant/">"General Motors Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia Plant"</a>. <i>GM Authority</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GM+Authority&rft.atitle=General+Motors+Bekasi%2C+West+Java%2C+Indonesia+Plant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgmauthority.com%2Fblog%2Fgm%2Fgm-facilities%2Fgm-indonesia-facilities%2Fgm-bekasi-west-java-indonesia-plant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kumparan.com/potongan-nostalgia/timor-mobil-nasional-orde-baru-bagian-i">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Timor" Mobil Nasional Orde Baru (Bagian I)"</a>. <i>kumparan</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kumparan&rft.atitle=%22Timor%22+Mobil+Nasional+Orde+Baru+%28Bagian+I%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkumparan.com%2Fpotongan-nostalgia%2Ftimor-mobil-nasional-orde-baru-bagian-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html">"Asia Beckons America: The Case of the Automobile Industry"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+Beckons+America%3A+The+Case+of+the+Automobile+Industry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fmessages%2Fdownloadsexceeded.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liem240-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liem240_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#LSLSG">Borsuk and Chang</a>, p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TPx2-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TPx2_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#TPaw">Pawitra</a>, pp. 35, 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.online-pajak.com/tarif-ppnbm">"Tarif PPnBM: Pengelompokan dan Besarannya | OnlinePajak"</a>. <i>www.online-pajak.com</i>. 10 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.online-pajak.com&rft.atitle=Tarif+PPnBM%3A+Pengelompokan+dan+Besarannya+%7C+OnlinePajak&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.online-pajak.com%2Ftarif-ppnbm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedia2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Media, Kompas Cyber (13 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2019/03/13/072200515/tahun-2021-pemerintah-terapkan-pajak-kendaraan-berbasis-emisi">"Tahun 2021, Pemerintah Terapkan Pajak Kendaraan Berbasis Emisi"</a>. <i>KOMPAS.com</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOMPAS.com&rft.atitle=Tahun+2021%2C+Pemerintah+Terapkan+Pajak+Kendaraan+Berbasis+Emisi&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft.aulast=Media&rft.aufirst=Kompas+Cyber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotomotif.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2019%2F03%2F13%2F072200515%2Ftahun-2021-pemerintah-terapkan-pajak-kendaraan-berbasis-emisi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier2019" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (20 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2019/07/indonesia-1976-2011-historical-info-now-available/">"Indonesia: 1976–2019 Historical Info available"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia%3A+1976%E2%80%932019+Historical+Info+available&rft.date=2019-07-20&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F2019%2F07%2Findonesia-1976-2011-historical-info-now-available%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indonesia-investments.com/id/news/todays-headlines/indonesian-demand-for-imported-cbu-cars-still-strong/item6501">"Indonesian Demand for Imported CBU Cars still Strong | Indonesia Investments"</a>. <i>www.indonesia-investments.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indonesia-investments.com&rft.atitle=Indonesian+Demand+for+Imported+CBU+Cars+still+Strong+%7C+Indonesia+Investments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia-investments.com%2Fid%2Fnews%2Ftodays-headlines%2Findonesian-demand-for-imported-cbu-cars-still-strong%2Fitem6501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier1992" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (19 January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/1992/01/indonesia-1990-1991-toyota-kijang-holds-25-share-in-record-market/">"Indonesia 1990–1991: Toyota Kijang holds 25% share in record market"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+1990%E2%80%931991%3A+Toyota+Kijang+holds+25%25+share+in+record+market&rft.date=1992-01-19&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F1992%2F01%2Findonesia-1990-1991-toyota-kijang-holds-25-share-in-record-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier1994" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (19 January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/1994/01/indonesia-1992-1993-kijang-leads-isuzu-panther-on-podium-in-imploding-market-30-3/">"Indonesia 1992–1993: Kijang leads, Isuzu Panther on podium in imploding market (−30.3%)"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+1992%E2%80%931993%3A+Kijang+leads%2C+Isuzu+Panther+on+podium+in+imploding+market+%28%E2%88%9230.3%25%29&rft.date=1994-01-19&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F1994%2F01%2Findonesia-1992-1993-kijang-leads-isuzu-panther-on-podium-in-imploding-market-30-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier1996" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (19 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/1996/01/indonesia-1994-1995-market-breaks-all-time-record-twice/">"Indonesia 1994–1995: Market breaks all-time record twice"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+1994%E2%80%931995%3A+Market+breaks+all-time+record+twice&rft.date=1996-01-19&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F1996%2F01%2Findonesia-1994-1995-market-breaks-all-time-record-twice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier1998" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (19 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/1998/01/indonesia-1996-1997-toyota-kijang-1-isuzu-panther-up-to-2/">"Indonesia 1996–1997: Toyota Kijang and Isuzu Panther on top, Timor brand launches"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+1996%E2%80%931997%3A+Toyota+Kijang+and+Isuzu+Panther+on+top%2C+Timor+brand+launches&rft.date=1998-01-19&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F1998%2F01%2Findonesia-1996-1997-toyota-kijang-1-isuzu-panther-up-to-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier1999" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (19 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/1999/01/indonesia-1998-timor-s515-up-to-4-in-annihilated-market-84-1/">"Indonesia 1998: Timor S515 up to #4 in annihilated market (−84.1%)"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+1998%3A+Timor+S515+up+to+%234+in+annihilated+market+%28%E2%88%9284.1%25%29&rft.date=1999-01-19&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F1999%2F01%2Findonesia-1998-timor-s515-up-to-4-in-annihilated-market-84-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier2000" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (19 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2000/01/indonesia-1999-market-bounces-back-up-59-mitsubishi-up-to-2-thanks-to-kuda/">"Indonesia 1999: Market bounces back up 59%, Mitsubishi up to #2 thanks to Kuda"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+1999%3A+Market+bounces+back+up+59%25%2C+Mitsubishi+up+to+%232+thanks+to+Kuda&rft.date=2000-01-19&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F2000%2F01%2Findonesia-1999-market-bounces-back-up-59-mitsubishi-up-to-2-thanks-to-kuda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier2003" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (20 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2003/01/indonesia-2000-2001-market-back-to-pre-crisis-levels-suzuki-strong/">"Indonesia 2000–2002: Market back to pre-crisis levels, Suzuki strong"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+2000%E2%80%932002%3A+Market+back+to+pre-crisis+levels%2C+Suzuki+strong&rft.date=2003-01-20&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F2003%2F01%2Findonesia-2000-2001-market-back-to-pre-crisis-levels-suzuki-strong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier2004" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (20 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2004/01/indonesia-2003-honda-up-65-1-in-highest-market-in-5-years/">"Indonesia 2003: Honda up 65.1% in highest market in 5 years"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+2003%3A+Honda+up+65.1%25+in+highest+market+in+5+years&rft.date=2004-01-20&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F2004%2F01%2Findonesia-2003-honda-up-65-1-in-highest-market-in-5-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasnier2005" class="citation web cs1">Gasnier, Matt (20 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bestsellingcarsblog.com/2005/01/indonesia-2004-toyota-innova-avanza-honda-jazz-and-daihatsu-xenia-land-in-first-year-above-400-000-sales/">"Indonesia 2004: Toyota Innova, Avanza, Honda Jazz and Daihatsu Xenia land in first year above 400.000 sales"</a>. <i>Best Selling Cars Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Selling+Cars+Blog&rft.atitle=Indonesia+2004%3A+Toyota+Innova%2C+Avanza%2C+Honda+Jazz+and+Daihatsu+Xenia+land+in+first+year+above+400.000+sales&rft.date=2005-01-20&rft.aulast=Gasnier&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbestsellingcarsblog.com%2F2005%2F01%2Findonesia-2004-toyota-innova-avanza-honda-jazz-and-daihatsu-xenia-land-in-first-year-above-400-000-sales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia425" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible open navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Automotive industry in Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia425" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Automotive industry in Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport in Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Active Indonesian<br />manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_International" title="Astra International">Astra International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_Komodo_Teknologi" title="Fin Komodo Teknologi">Fin Komodo Teknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indomobil_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomobil Group">Indomobil Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreasi_Mandiri_Wintor_Indonesia" title="Kreasi Mandiri Wintor Indonesia">Kreasi Mandiri Wintor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esemka" title="Esemka">Solo Manufaktur Kreasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindad" title="Pindad">Pindad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Tractors" title="United Tractors">United Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viar_Motor_Indonesia" title="Viar Motor Indonesia">Viar Motor Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct Indonesian<br />manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimantara_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bimantara (car)">Bimantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industri_Kereta_Api" title="Industri Kereta Api">INKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawon_Car" title="Tawon Car">Tawon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Putra_Nasional" title="Timor Putra Nasional">Timor Putra Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texmaco_Perkasa" title="Texmaco Perkasa">Wahana Perkasa Auto Jaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign/joint venture<br />manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aletra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aletra">Aletra Mobil Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Daihatsu_Motor" title="Astra Daihatsu Motor">Astra Daihatsu Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Honda_Motor" title="Astra Honda Motor">Astra Honda Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chery" title="Chery">Chery Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Commercial Vehicles Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Eurokars Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely_Auto" title="Geely Auto">Geely Auto Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors_Manufacturing_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia">Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_Prospect_Motor" title="Honda Prospect Motor">Honda Prospect Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Indonesia" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia">Hyundai Motors Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Inchcape Indomobil Distribution Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_Motor" title="Great Wall Motor">Inchcape Indomobil Energi Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAC_Aion" title="GAC Aion">Indomobil Energi Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Indomobil National Distributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Astra_Motor_Indonesia" title="Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia">Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetour" title="Jetour">Jetour Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAIC_Group" title="BAIC Group">JIO Distribusi Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Motors" title="Kawasaki Motors">Kawasaki Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuso_(company)" title="Fuso (company)">Krama Yudha Ratu Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_Krama_Yudha_Indonesia" title="Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia">Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hozon_Auto" title="Hozon Auto">Neta Auto Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGMW_Motor_Indonesia" title="SGMW Motor Indonesia">SGMW Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seres_Group" title="Seres Group">Sokonindo Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Indomobil_Motor" title="Suzuki Indomobil Motor">Suzuki Indomobil Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Astra_Motor" title="Toyota Astra Motor">Toyota Astra Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_Motor_Company" title="TVS Motor Company">TVS Motor Company Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">UD Astra Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VinFast" title="VinFast">VinFast Automobile Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company" title="Yamaha Motor Company">Yamaha Indonesia Motor Manufacturing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Active importers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Mataram_Motor" title="Garuda Mataram Motor">Garuda Mataram Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW_Jiefang" title="FAW Jiefang">Gaya Makmur Mobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kia" title="Kia">Kreta Indo Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Cars" title="Volvo Cars">Leading Vision Otomotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Motor_Indonesia" title="Nissan Motor Indonesia">Nissan Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Plaza Auto Mega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeekr" title="Zeekr">Premium Auto Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">RMA Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct foreign/joint venture<br />manufacturers and importers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Astra Peugeot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Euro_Indonesia" title="Auto Euro Indonesia">Auto Euro Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indobuana_Autoraya" title="Indobuana Autoraya">Indobuana Autoraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kia" title="Kia">Kia Mobil Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Motor_Indonesia" title="Mazda Motor Indonesia">Mazda Motor Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicor_Prima_Motor" title="Unicor Prima Motor">Unicor Prima Motor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_International_Auto_Show" title="Indonesia International Auto Show">Indonesia International Auto Show (GIIAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_International_Motor_Show" title="Indonesia International Motor Show">Indonesia International Motor Show (IIMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_NCAP" title="ASEAN NCAP">ASEAN NCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Cost_Green_Car_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia)">Low Cost Green Car (LCGC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_car_(Indonesia)" title="Rural car (Indonesia)">Rural car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Roads and highways of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indonesia_articles667" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesia_topics" title="Template:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indonesia_topics" title="Template talk:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indonesia_articles667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history" title="Timeline of Indonesian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia" title="Prehistoric Indonesia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Hindu-Buddhist_civilizations" title="History of Indonesia">Hindu-Buddhist era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese era</a> (1512–1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Company rule in the Dutch East Indies">VOC era</a> (1603–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies">French and British era</a> (1806–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (1800–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a> (1942–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">National Revolution</a> (1945–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">Liberal democracy era</a> (1950–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy era</a> (1959–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transitional era</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> (1966–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia" title="Post-Suharto era in Indonesia"><i>Reformasi</i></a> (since 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Borders of Indonesia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia" title="Climate change in Indonesia">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia" title="Conservation in Indonesia">Conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_of_Indonesia" title="List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Indonesia" title="List of national parks of Indonesia">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Indonesia" title="List of earthquakes in Indonesia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Indonesia" title="Environmental issues in Indonesia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia" title="Geology of Indonesia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Indonesia" title="List of lakes of Indonesia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Mountains of Indonesia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_highest_point" title="List of Indonesian provinces by highest point">Provincial highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Natural history of Indonesia">Natural history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Indonesia" title="Fauna of Indonesia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Indonesia" title="Flora of Indonesia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Indonesia" title="List of rivers of Indonesia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia" title="Subdivisions of Indonesia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regencies and cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Indonesia" title="Law of Indonesia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Censorship in Indonesia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Indonesia" title="Law enforcement in Indonesia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/Babinsa" title="Babinsa">Babinsa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">National capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">List</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Nusantara" title="Wawasan Nusantara">Wawasan Nusantara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indonesia" title="Agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Indonesia" title="Aviation in Indonesia">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Indonesia" title="List of banks in Indonesia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Indonesia" title="Science and technology in Indonesia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Indonesia" title="Communications in Indonesia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Indonesia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Society of Indonesia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Indonesia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Indonesia" title="Crime in Indonesia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Indonesia" title="Human trafficking in Indonesia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Indonesia" title="Piracy in Indonesia">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Indonesia" title="Prostitution in Indonesia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Indonesia" title="Smoking in Indonesia">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Colonial architecture of Indonesia">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Rumah adat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_art" title="Indonesian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik_in_Indonesia" title="Batik in Indonesia">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Indonesia" title="List of festivals in Indonesia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Indonesia" title="Folklore of Indonesia">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_literature" title="Indonesian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Indonesia" title="Mass media in Indonesia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_painting" title="Indonesian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_properties_of_Indonesia" title="Cultural properties of Indonesia">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia" title="Sport in Indonesia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Indonesia" title="Video games in Indonesia">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Indonesia" title="Health in Indonesia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Indonesia" title="Homelessness in Indonesia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Indonesia" title="Refugees in Indonesia">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia" title="Women in Indonesia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Indonesia">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Indonesia" title="National symbols of Indonesia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Indonesia" title="National emblem of Indonesia">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia#Historical" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia#Provincial" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_faunal_emblems" title="List of Indonesian faunal emblems">Faunal emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_flags#Provincial" title="List of Indonesian flags">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_floral_emblems" title="List of Indonesian floral emblems">Floral emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesian_songs" title="Category:Indonesian songs">Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Indonesia" title="Outline of Indonesia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesia" title="Category:Indonesia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Indonesia">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Indonesia">Atlas</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry495" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry" title="Template:Automotive industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry" title="Template talk:Automotive industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry495" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">Motor vehicle</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_by_country" title="Automotive industry by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt" title="Automotive industry in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Kenya" title="Automotive industry in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Morocco" title="Automotive industry in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Nigeria" title="Automotive industry in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Africa" title="Automotive industry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Africa" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Africa">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_China" title="List of automobile manufacturers of China">manufacturers list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile_manufacturers_and_brands_of_China" title="Automobile manufacturers and brands of China">manufacturers detailed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_India" title="List of automobile manufacturers of India">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Japan">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Malaysia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Malaysia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_South_Korea" title="List of automobile manufacturers of South Korea">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Automotive industry in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_automakers" title="List of Taiwanese automakers">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Uzbekistan" title="Automotive industry in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Asia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Asia">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Belarus" title="Automotive industry in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bulgaria" title="Automotive industry in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Croatia" title="Automotive industry in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Automotive industry in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the Czech Republic">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_France" title="List of automobile manufacturers of France">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Hungary" title="Automotive industry in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ireland" title="Automotive industry in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Italy" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Italy">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Poland" title="Automotive industry in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Poland" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Poland">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Russia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Russia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Slovakia" title="Automotive industry in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_automobiles" title="List of Spanish automobiles">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Sweden" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Sweden">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Automotive industry in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Europe" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Europe">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Canada" title="Automotive industry in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Canada" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Canada">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Mexico" title="Automotive industry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the United States">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Argentina" title="Automotive industry in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Argentina" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Argentina">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Brazil" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Australia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Australia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Automotive industry in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_sales_by_model" title="List of automobile sales by model">Automobile sales by model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_automobiles" title="List of best-selling automobiles">Best-selling automobiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">Countries by motor vehicle production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by vehicles per capita">Countries by vehicles per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">Top manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010">Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">History of the automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_internal_combustion_engine" title="History of the internal combustion engine">History of the internal combustion engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_motorcycle" title="History of the motorcycle">History of the motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_motor_vehicle_brands" title="Timeline of motor vehicle brands">Timeline of motor vehicle brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers">Automobile manufacturers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_brands" title="List of car brands">marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_by_parent_company" title="List of automobile manufacturers by parent company">by parent company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bus_manufacturers" title="Category:Bus manufacturers">Bus manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motorcycle_manufacturers" title="List of motorcycle manufacturers">Motorcycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_truck_manufacturers" title="List of truck manufacturers">Truck manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_automotive_manufacturing_groups" title="Minor automotive manufacturing groups">Minor automotive manufacturing groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="European Automobile Manufacturers Association">European Automobile Manufacturers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Internationale_des_Constructeurs_d%27Automobiles" title="Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles">Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_shows_and_motor_shows_by_continent" title="List of auto shows and motor shows by continent">Auto and motor shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_engineering" title="Automotive engineering">Automotive engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_time" title="Drive time">Drive time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facelift_(automotive)" title="Facelift (automotive)">Facelift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebadging" title="Rebadging">Rebadging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_badge-engineered_vehicles" title="List of badge-engineered vehicles">list of vehicles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debadging" title="Debadging">Debadging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_automotive_terms" title="Glossary of automotive terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="hlist"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry" title="Category:Automotive industry">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_automobile-related_articles" title="Lists of automobile-related articles">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_Asia418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_Asia418" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Automotive industry in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt" title="Automotive industry in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Israel (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Uzbekistan" title="Automotive industry in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Automotive industry in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&oldid=1277527573">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&oldid=1277527573</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motor_vehicle_manufacturers_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of Indonesia">Motor vehicle manufacturers of Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_Indonesia" title="Category:Industry in Indonesia">Industry in Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_in_Indonesia" title="Category:Manufacturing in Indonesia">Manufacturing in Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Category:Transport in Indonesia">Transport in Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_by_country" title="Category:Automotive industry by country">Automotive industry by country</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)" title="Category:CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)">CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_December_2021" title="Category:Use British English from December 2021">Use British English from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Indonesian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Indonesian-language text">Articles containing Indonesian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_November_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 February 2025, at 04:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive industry in Indonesia</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>3 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-698c79758b-p96jc","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.241","walltime":"1.415","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20727,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":316861,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24126,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":34,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":331243,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1168.256 1 -total"," 36.86% 430.564 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.59% 287.320 58 Template:Cite_web"," 16.49% 192.620 4 Template:Navbox"," 11.29% 131.891 1 Template:Asia_topic"," 9.97% 116.454 56 Template:Iso2country"," 8.52% 99.515 2 Template:Lang"," 7.11% 83.025 63 Template:Main_other"," 5.77% 67.351 1 Template:Indonesia_topics"," 5.73% 66.919 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.679","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19944308,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f757d77b-9c6sp","timestamp":"20250225043712","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Automotive industry in Indonesia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q22906578","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q22906578","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-02-07T14:55:13Z","dateModified":"2025-02-25T04:37:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/36\/Giias-2015.jpg","headline":"overview of the automotive industry in Indonesia"}</script> </body> </html>