CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dunedin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"37282bc5-f19a-4e9f-8cc3-779e808ec411","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dunedin","wgTitle":"Dunedin","wgCurRevisionId":1258699216,"wgRevisionId":1258699216,"wgArticleId":628345,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from March 2022","Use New Zealand English from January 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English","Articles containing Māori-language text","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing Latin-language text", "Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019","Articles needing additional references from July 2017","All articles needing additional references","Pages with listed invalid ISBNs","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Dunedin","Populated places in Otago","Port cities in New Zealand","Populated places established in 1848","Scottish-New Zealand culture","Former provincial capitals of New Zealand","1848 establishments in New Zealand","Populated places around the Otago Harbour", "Localities in the Dunedin City territory"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dunedin","wgRelevantArticleId":628345,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":-45.87416666666667,"lon":170.5036111111111},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q133073","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready", "ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg/1200px-Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="886"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg/800px-Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="591"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg/640px-Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="473"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dunedin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dunedin rootpage-Dunedin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dunedin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dunedin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dunedin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dunedin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Māori_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Māori settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Māori_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_arrivals_from_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_arrivals_from_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early arrivals from Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_arrivals_from_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gold_rush_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold_rush_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Gold rush era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold_rush_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Post-war developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inner_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inner_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Inner city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inner_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinterland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinterland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hinterland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinterland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment_and_Ecotourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_and_Ecotourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Environment and Ecotourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_and_Ecotourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>List of suburbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Towns_within_city_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns_within_city_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Towns within city limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towns_within_city_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Urban area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Choirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Choirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumental_classical_and_jazz_ensembles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumental_classical_and_jazz_ensembles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Instrumental classical and jazz ensembles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumental_classical_and_jazz_ensembles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Major teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grounds_and_stadiums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grounds_and_stadiums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Grounds and stadiums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grounds_and_stadiums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Marae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms_and_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms_and_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Coat of arms and flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms_and_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Tertiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure and services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure and services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_health_and_hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health_and_hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Public health and hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health_and_hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panoramas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panoramas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Panoramas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panoramas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annual_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Annual events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Past events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums,_art_galleries,_and_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums,_art_galleries,_and_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Museums, art galleries, and libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums,_art_galleries,_and_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunedin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86" title="دنيدن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دنيدن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danidin" title="Danidin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Danidin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ডুনেডিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডুনেডিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Данідын – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Данідын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="डुनेडिन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डुनेडिन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дънидин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дънидин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin_(Zeland-Nevez)" title="Dunedin (Zeland-Nevez) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dunedin (Zeland-Nevez)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin_(kapital_sa_rehiyon)" title="Dunedin (kapital sa rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dunedin (kapital sa rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="دونيدين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دونيدين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Ντανίντιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντανίντιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="دنیدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EB%8B%88%EB%94%98" title="더니딘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더니딘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Դանիդին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դանիդին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="डुनेडिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डुनेडिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="דנידין (ניו זילנד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דנידין (ניו זילנד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಡುನೆಡಿನ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡುನೆಡಿನ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დანიდინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დანიდინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedinum" title="Dunedinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dunedinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%C4%ABdina" title="Danīdina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Danīdina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danidinas" title="Danidinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Danidinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഡുനെഡിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡുനെഡിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ctepoti" title="Ōtepoti – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ōtepoti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ड्युनेडिन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ड्युनेडिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86" title="دنيدن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دنيدن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="ダニーデン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダニーデン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86" title="ڈنیڈن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈنیڈن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Данидин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Данидин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Данидин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Данидин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin_(Uusi-Seelanti)" title="Dunedin (Uusi-Seelanti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dunedin (Uusi-Seelanti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="துனெடின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துனெடின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Данидин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Данидин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ดะนีดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดะนีดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Данідін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Данідін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86" title="ڈونیڈن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈونیڈن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dunedin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%B8%81" title="达尼丁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="达尼丁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC%E4%B8%81" title="但尼丁 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="但尼丁" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC%E4%B8%81" title="但尼丁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="但尼丁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dunedin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dunedin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dunedin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&oldid=1258699216" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dunedin&id=1258699216&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDunedin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDunedin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Dunedin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dunedin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dunedin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133073" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dunedin&params=45_52_27_S_170_30_13_E_type:city_region:NZ-OTA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°52′27″S</span> <span class="longitude">170°30′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.87417°S 170.50361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-45.87417; 170.50361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Otago, New Zealand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the New Zealand city. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dunedin (disambiguation)">Dunedin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Otago, New Zealand</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Dunedin</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Ōtepoti</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:80px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dunedin.jpg/268px-Dunedin.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dunedin.jpg/402px-Dunedin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Dunedin.jpg/536px-Dunedin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Cityscape seen from <a href="/wiki/Signal_Hill_(New_Zealand)" title="Signal Hill (New Zealand)">Signal Hill</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Railway_Station._(14332788661).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg/133px-Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg/200px-Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg/266px-Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_railway_station" title="Dunedin railway station">Dunedin railway station</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg/131px-NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg/197px-NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg/262px-NZ_dunedin_SI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Town_Hall" title="Dunedin Town Hall">Town Hall</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Dunedin" title="The Octagon, Dunedin">The Octagon</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Princes_street_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Princes_street_2023.jpg/140px-Princes_street_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Princes_street_2023.jpg/210px-Princes_street_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Princes_street_2023.jpg/280px-Princes_street_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street,_Dunedin" title="Princes Street, Dunedin">Princes Street</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knox_Church_exterior,_Dunedin,_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Knox_Church_exterior%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/124px-Knox_Church_exterior%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Knox_Church_exterior%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/186px-Knox_Church_exterior%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Knox_Church_exterior%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/248px-Knox_Church_exterior%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Knox_Church,_Dunedin" title="Knox Church, Dunedin">Knox Church</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_City_flag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Dunedin"><img alt="Flag of Dunedin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dunedin_City_flag.png/100px-Dunedin_City_flag.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dunedin_City_flag.png/150px-Dunedin_City_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dunedin_City_flag.png/200px-Dunedin_City_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_city_coa.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Dunedin"><img alt="Coat of arms of Dunedin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dunedin_city_coa.gif/100px-Dunedin_city_coa.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dunedin_city_coa.gif/150px-Dunedin_city_coa.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Dunedin_city_coa.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="176" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Edinburgh of the South;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Dunners (colloquial)<sup id="cite_ref-NZHerald10569715_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZHerald10569715-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Maiorum Institutis Utendo</i></span><br /> (By following in the Steps of our Forefathers)<sup id="cite_ref-DunedinCoA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunedinCoA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_area_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dunedin City"><img alt="Dunedin City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dunedin_area_New_Zealand.jpg/250px-Dunedin_area_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dunedin_area_New_Zealand.jpg/375px-Dunedin_area_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Dunedin_area_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="477" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.884%;left:35.427%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Middlemarch"><img alt="Middlemarch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Middlemarch,_New_Zealand" title="Middlemarch, New Zealand">Middlemarch</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.962%;left:66.884%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="City Centre"><img alt="City Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Dunedin" title="The Octagon, Dunedin">City Centre</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.614%;left:76.753%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Port Chalmers"><img alt="Port Chalmers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:7em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.303%;left:41.675%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Airport"><img alt="Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Airport" title="Dunedin Airport">Airport</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.609%;left:80.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Waikouaiti"><img alt="Waikouaiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dunedin&params=45_52_27_S_170_30_13_E_type:city_region:NZ-OTA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°52′27″S</span> <span class="longitude">170°30′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.87417°S 170.50361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-45.87417; 170.50361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Communities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Strath Taieri</li><li>Waikouaiti Coast</li><li>Mosgiel-Taieri</li><li>West Harbour</li><li>Otago Peninsula</li><li>Saddle Hill</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by Māori</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1300<sup id="cite_ref-settled_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settled-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by Europeans</th><td class="infobox-data">1848</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">1855<span class="noprint">; 169 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1855</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Dùn Èideann</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">NZ Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga" title="Te Tai Tonga">Te Tai Tonga</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mayor_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mayor-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Dunedin" title="Mayor of Dunedin">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Radich" title="Jules Radich">Jules Radich</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Cherry Lucas</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MPs</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Leary" title="Ingrid Leary">Ingrid Leary</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Territorial</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,286.14 km<sup>2</sup> (1,268.79 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">91.16 km<sup>2</sup> (35.20 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(June 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Territorial</div></th><td class="infobox-data">136,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">41/km<sup>2</sup> (110/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">106,700</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dunedinite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12:00" title="UTC+12:00">UTC+12:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13:00" title="UTC+13:00">UTC+13:00</a> (NZDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcodes</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">9010, 9011, 9012, 9013, 9014, 9016, 9018, 9022, 9023, 9024, 9035, 9076, 9077, 9081, 9082, 9092</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">03</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedinnz.com/">DunedinNZ.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dunedin</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ad\/En-nz-Dunedin.ogg\/En-nz-Dunedin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-nz-Dunedin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-nz-Dunedin.ogg/En-nz-Dunedin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-nz-Dunedin.ogg" title="File:En-nz-Dunedin.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">duh-<span style="font-size:90%">NEE</span>-din</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Ōtepoti</i>) is the second-largest city in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>), and the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a> region. Its name comes from <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Dùn Èideann</i></span> ("fort of Edin"), the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has a rich <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an estimated population of 136,000 as of June 2024, Dunedin is New Zealand's seventh-most populous metropolitan and urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For cultural, geographical, and historical reasons, the city has long been considered one of New Zealand's four main centres.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The urban area of Dunedin lies on the central-eastern coast of Otago, surrounding the head of <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a>. The harbour and hills around Dunedin are the remnants of an extinct volcano. The city suburbs extend out into the surrounding valleys and hills, onto the isthmus of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a>, and along the shores of the Otago Harbour and the Pacific Ocean. </p><p>Archaeological evidence points to lengthy occupation of the area by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> prior to the arrival of Europeans. The province and region of Otago takes its name from the <span title="Māori-language text"><span lang="mi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a></span></span> village of <a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Otakou</a> at the mouth of the harbour,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which became a whaling station in the 1830s. </p><p>In 1848 a Scottish settlement was established by the Lay Association of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> and between 1855 and 1900 many thousands of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scots</a> emigrated to the incorporated city. Dunedin's population and wealth boomed during the 1860s' <a href="/wiki/Otago_gold_rush" title="Otago gold rush">Otago gold rush</a>, and for a brief period of time it became New Zealand's largest urban area. The city saw substantial migration from mainland China at the same time, predominately from <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunedin is home to New Zealand's oldest <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Zealanders" title="Chinese New Zealanders">Chinese community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today Dunedin has a diverse economy which includes manufacturing, publishing, arts, tourism and technology-based industries. The mainstay of the city's economy remains centred around <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education_in_New_Zealand" title="Tertiary education in New Zealand">tertiary education</a>, with students from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of universities in New Zealand">oldest university</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Polytechnic" title="Otago Polytechnic">Otago Polytechnic</a>, accounting for a large proportion of the population; 21.6 per cent of the city's population was aged between 15 and 24 at the 2006 census, compared to the New Zealand average of 14.2 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-population_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunedin is also noted for its vibrant music scene, as the 1980s birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a> (which heavily influenced <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the city was designated as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dunedin_urban_area" title="History of the Dunedin urban area">History of the Dunedin urban area</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Māori_settlements"><span id="M.C4.81ori_settlements"></span>Māori settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Māori settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence shows the first human (Māori) occupation of New Zealand occurred between 1250 and 1300 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-settled_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-settled-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the population concentrated along the southeast coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamel2001_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamel2001-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A camp site at Kaikai Beach, near <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_Zealand" title="Long Beach, New Zealand">Long Beach</a> to the north of the present-day city of Dunedin, has been dated from about that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous archaic (<a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">moa</a>-hunter) sites in what is now Dunedin, several of them large and permanently occupied, particularly in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamel2001_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamel2001-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population contracted but expanded again with the evolution of the Classic <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a> which saw the building of several <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81_(M%C4%81ori)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pā (Māori)">pā</a>, fortified settlements, notably Pukekura at (<a href="/wiki/Taiaroa_Head" title="Taiaroa Head">Taiaroa Head</a>), about 1650.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a settlement in what is now central Dunedin (Ōtepoti), occupied as late as about 1785 but abandoned by 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also Māori settlements at <a href="/wiki/Whareakeake" title="Whareakeake">Whareakeake</a> (Murdering Beach), <a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABr%C4%81kaunui" title="Pūrākaunui">Pūrākaunui</a>, Mapoutahi (Goat Island Peninsula) and Huriawa (<a href="/wiki/Karitane" title="Karitane">Karitane</a> Peninsula) to the north, and at <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Mouth" title="Taieri Mouth">Taieri Mouth</a> and Otokia (<a href="/wiki/Henley,_New_Zealand" title="Henley, New Zealand">Henley</a>) to the south, all inside the present boundaries of Dunedin. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Museum_1_(31500865416).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dunedin_Museum_1_%2831500865416%29.jpg/220px-Dunedin_Museum_1_%2831500865416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dunedin_Museum_1_%2831500865416%29.jpg/330px-Dunedin_Museum_1_%2831500865416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dunedin_Museum_1_%2831500865416%29.jpg/440px-Dunedin_Museum_1_%2831500865416%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5164" data-file-height="2721" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin Museum Māori artefact</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori tradition</a> tells first of a people called Kahui Tipua living in the area, then Te Rapuwai, semi-legendary but considered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2019)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to be historical. The next arrivals were <a href="/wiki/Waitaha_(South_Island_iwi)" title="Waitaha (South Island iwi)">Waitaha</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> followed by <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ti_M%C4%81moe" title="Kāti Māmoe">Kāti Māmoe</a> late in the 16th century and then <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81i_Tahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāi Tahu">Kāi Tahu</a> (<i>Ngāi Tahu</i> in modern standard <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>) who arrived in the mid-17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European accounts have often represented these successive influxes as "invasions", but modern scholarship has cast doubt on that view. They were probably migrations – like those of the Europeans – which incidentally resulted in bloodshed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sealer <a href="/wiki/John_Boultbee_(explorer)" title="John Boultbee (explorer)">John Boultbee</a> recorded in the late 1820s that the 'Kaika Otargo' (settlements around and near <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a>) were the oldest and largest in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeggBegg1979_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeggBegg1979-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_arrivals_from_Europe">Early arrivals from Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early arrivals from Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg/220px-Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg/330px-Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg/440px-Dunedin_c._1856_SLNSW_FL10386954.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4925" data-file-height="3694" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin, New Zealand, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1856</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> stood off what is now the coast of Dunedin between 25 February 1770 and 5 March 1770, naming <a href="/wiki/Cape_Saunders" title="Cape Saunders">Cape Saunders</a> (on the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a>) and Saddle Hill. He reported penguins and seals in the vicinity, which led Australian, American and British <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealers</a> to visit from the beginning of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole1955–1967_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole1955–1967-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early years of sealing saw a feud between sealers and local Māori from 1810 to 1823, the "<a href="/wiki/Sealers%27_War" title="Sealers' War">Sealers' War</a>" sparked by an incident on Otago Harbour. <a href="/wiki/William_Tucker_(settler)" title="William Tucker (settler)">William Tucker</a> became the first European to settle in the area – in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Permanent European occupation dates from 1831, when the <a href="/wiki/Weller_brothers" title="Weller brothers">Weller brothers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> founded their <a href="/wiki/Whaling_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling station">whaling station</a> at Otago (present-day <a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Otakou</a>) on the Otago Harbour. Epidemics severely reduced the Māori population. By the late 1830s, the Harbour had become an international whaling port. Wright & Richards started a whaling station at <a href="/wiki/Karitane" title="Karitane">Karitane</a> in 1837 and Sydney-born <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Jones_(pioneer)" title="Johnny Jones (pioneer)">Johnny Jones</a> established a farming settlement and a <a href="/wiki/Mission_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission station">mission station</a> (the South Island's first) at <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a> in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1998_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1998-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlements at Karitane and Waikouaiti have endured, making modern Dunedin one of the longest-standing European-settled territories in New Zealand. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_statue,_Dunedin,_New_Zealand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/170px-Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/255px-Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/340px-Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in Queens Gardens in Dunedin. Europeans settled in Dunedin intensively during the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Early in 1844, the <i>Deborah</i>, captained by Thomas Wing and carrying (among others) his wife Lucy and a representative of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Company" title="New Zealand Company">New Zealand Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Tuckett" title="Frederick Tuckett">Frederick Tuckett</a>, sailed south from <a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a> to determine the location of a planned <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church</a> settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After inspecting several areas around the eastern coast of the South Island, Tuckett selected the site which would become known as Dunedin.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Tuckett rejected the site of what would become <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, as he felt the ground around the <a href="/wiki/Avon_River_/_%C5%8Ct%C4%81karo" title="Avon River / Ōtākaro">Avon River / Ōtākaro</a> was swampy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cargill%27s_Monument,_Dunedin,_NZ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cargill%27s_Monument%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG/170px-Cargill%27s_Monument%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cargill%27s_Monument%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG/255px-Cargill%27s_Monument%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cargill%27s_Monument%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG/340px-Cargill%27s_Monument%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Monument to <a href="/wiki/William_Cargill_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Cargill (New Zealand politician)">William Cargill</a> on <a href="/wiki/Princes_Street,_Dunedin" title="Princes Street, Dunedin">Princes Street</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Lay Association of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>, through a company called the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Association" title="Otago Association">Otago Association</a>, founded Dunedin at the head of Otago Harbour in 1848 as the principal town<sup id="cite_ref-Campsie_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campsie-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of its special settlement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg/220px-Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg/330px-Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg/440px-Dunedin_from_Little_Paisley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin from Little Paisley (1849)</figcaption></figure> <p>The name "Dunedin" comes from <i>Dùn Èideann</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kettle" title="Charles Kettle">Charles Kettle</a> the city's surveyor, instructed to emulate the characteristics of Edinburgh, produced a striking, "Romantic" town-planning design.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHocken1898_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHocken1898-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There resulted both grand and quirky streets, as the builders struggled and sometimes failed to construct his bold vision across the challenging landscape. Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Cargill_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Cargill (New Zealand politician)">William Cargill</a> (1784–1860), a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, served as the secular leader of the new colony. The Reverend <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burns_(minister,_born_1796)" title="Thomas Burns (minister, born 1796)">Thomas Burns</a> (1796–1871), a nephew of the poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>, provided spiritual guidance. By the end of the 1850s, around 12,000 Scots had emigrated to Dunedin, many from the industrial <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">lowlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campsie_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campsie-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_rush_era">Gold rush era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gold rush era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1852, Dunedin became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago Province</a>, the whole of New Zealand from the <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_River" title="Waitaki River">Waitaki</a> south. In 1861, the discovery of gold at <a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Gully" title="Gabriel's Gully">Gabriel's Gully</a>, to the south-west, led to a rapid influx of people and saw Dunedin become New Zealand's first city by growth of population in 1865. The new arrivals included many Irish, but also Italians, Lebanese, French, Germans, Jews and Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Southern_Cemetery" title="Dunedin Southern Cemetery">Dunedin Southern Cemetery</a> was established in 1858, the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Northern_Cemetery" title="Dunedin Northern Cemetery">Dunedin Northern Cemetery</a> in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1860s, <a href="/wiki/Ross_Creek_Reservoir" title="Ross Creek Reservoir">Ross Creek Reservoir</a> was created so as to serve Dunedin's need for water. </p><p>The London-owned <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Otago" title="Bank of Otago">Bank of Otago</a> opened its doors in Dunedin in 1863, opened 12 branches throughout its region, then in 1873 merged with the new <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="National Bank of New Zealand">National Bank of New Zealand</a> also based in London and also operated from Dunedin but, true to its name, it rapidly expanded throughout New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-trsfr_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trsfr-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunedin remained the principal local source of the nation's development capital until the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg/280px-Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg/420px-Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg/560px-Dunedin_Railway_Station_Full_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3615" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_railway_station" title="Dunedin railway station">Dunedin railway station</a>, built in 1906, is famed for its "gingerbread" architecture.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunedin and the region industrialised and consolidated, and the <a href="/wiki/Main_South_Line" title="Main South Line">Main South Line</a> connected the city with <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> in 1878 and Invercargill in 1879. Otago Boys' High School was founded in 1863. The <a href="/wiki/Otago_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Museum">Otago Museum</a> opened in 1868. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, the oldest university in New Zealand, in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrell1969_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrell1969-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Otago_Girls%27_High_School" title="Otago Girls' High School">Otago Girls' High School</a> was established in 1871. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd,_Dunedin,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-New_Zealand_Insurance_Co._Ltd%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption>New Zealand Insurance Co Ltd, Dunedin (built 1899)</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1874, Dunedin and its suburbs had become New Zealand's largest city with a population of 29,832 displacing Auckland's 27,840 residents to second place.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1881 and 1957, Dunedin was home to <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_cable_tramway_system" title="Dunedin cable tramway system">cable trams</a>, being both one of the first and last such systems in the world. Early in the 1880s the inauguration of the frozen meat industry, with the first shipment leaving from <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> in 1882, saw the beginning of a later great national industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1951_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1951-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first successful commercial shipment of frozen meat from New Zealand to the United Kingdom was on <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(ship)" title="Dunedin (ship)">the Dunedin</a> in 1881. </p><p>After ten years of gold rushes the economy slowed but <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a>'s immigration and development scheme brought thousands more, especially to Dunedin and Otago, before recession set in again in the 1880s. In these first and second times of prosperity, many institutions and businesses were established, New Zealand's first daily newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Art_school" title="Art school">art school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public art</a> gallery. The <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Art_Gallery" title="Dunedin Public Art Gallery">Dunedin Public Art Gallery</a> was among these new foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had been actively promulgated by artist <a href="/wiki/W._M._Hodgkins" title="W. M. Hodgkins">William Mathew Hodgkins</a><b>.</b> There was also a remarkable architectural flowering producing many substantial and ornamental buildings. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lawson_(architect)" title="Robert Lawson (architect)">R. A. Lawson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_Church,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="First Church, Dunedin">First Church of Otago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knox_Church,_Dunedin" title="Knox Church, Dunedin">Knox Church</a> are notable examples, as are buildings by <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Bury" title="Maxwell Bury">Maxwell Bury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Petre" title="Francis Petre">F. W. Petre</a>. The other visual arts also flourished under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/W._M._Hodgkins" title="W. M. Hodgkins">W. M. Hodgkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's landscape and burgeoning townscape were vividly portrayed by <a href="/wiki/George_O%27Brien_(painter)" title="George O'Brien (painter)">George O'Brien</a> (1821–1888).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsEntwisle1986_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsEntwisle1986-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the mid-1890s, the economy revived. Institutions such as the Otago Settlers Museum (now renamed as <a href="/wiki/Toit%C5%AB_Otago_Settlers_Museum" title="Toitū Otago Settlers Museum">Toitū Otago Settlers Museum</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Hocken_Collections" title="Hocken Collections">Hocken Collections</a>—the first of their kind in New Zealand—were founded. More notable buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Railway Station">Railway Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olveston_(house)" title="Olveston (house)">Olveston</a> were erected. New energy in the visual arts represented by <a href="/wiki/G._P._Nerli" title="G. P. Nerli">G. P. Nerli</a> culminated in the career of <a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgkins" title="Frances Hodgkins">Frances Hodgkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1954_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1954-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisleDunnCollins1988_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisleDunnCollins1988-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2005_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/280px-Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/420px-Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg/560px-Historic_Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption>Historic panorama of the Botanical Gardens, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opoho_tram,_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Opoho_tram%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png/220px-Opoho_tram%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Opoho_tram%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png/330px-Opoho_tram%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Opoho_tram%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png/440px-Opoho_tram%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_289963.png 2x" data-file-width="6330" data-file-height="4636" /></a><figcaption>Opoho tram in Dunedin (1926)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island,_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_(10469674373).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island%2C_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_%2810469674373%29.jpg/220px-Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island%2C_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_%2810469674373%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island%2C_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_%2810469674373%29.jpg/330px-Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island%2C_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_%2810469674373%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island%2C_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_%2810469674373%29.jpg/440px-Bluff_-_Dunedin_section_of_South_Island%2C_New_Zealand_Main_Trunk_Railway_1928_%2810469674373%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5467" data-file-height="3719" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin area railway map (1928)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_(1902)_(14763792702).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763792702%29.jpg/220px-The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763792702%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763792702%29.jpg/330px-The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763792702%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763792702%29.jpg/440px-The_web_of_empire_-_a_diary_of_the_imperial_tour_of_their_Royal_Highnesses_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Cornwall_and_York_in_1901_%281902%29_%2814763792702%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption><b>Royal tour of Dunedin in 1901</b></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber,_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png/220px-Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png/330px-Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png/440px-Railway_siding_for_unloading_coal_and_timber%2C_Dunedin_ATLIB_315054.png 2x" data-file-width="6408" data-file-height="4722" /></a><figcaption>Railway siding for unloading coal and timber, Dunedin (1926)</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1900, Dunedin was no longer the country's biggest city. Influence and activity moved north to the other centres ("the drift north"), a trend which continued for much of the following century. Despite this, the university continued to expand, and a student quarter became established. At the same time, people started to notice Dunedin's mellowing, the ageing of its grand old buildings, with writers like E. H. McCormick pointing out its atmospheric charm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1959_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1959-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901 the British royals, the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York toured Dunedin. </p><p>In the 1930s and early 1940s a new generation of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Toss_Woollaston" title="Toss Woollaston">M. T. (Toss) Woollaston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lusk" title="Doris Lusk">Doris Lusk</a>, Anne Hamblett, <a href="/wiki/Colin_McCahon" title="Colin McCahon">Colin McCahon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hayman" title="Patrick Hayman">Patrick Hayman</a> once again represented the best of the country's talent. The Second World War saw the dispersal of these painters, but not before McCahon had met a very youthful poet, <a href="/wiki/James_K._Baxter" title="James K. Baxter">James K. Baxter</a>, in a central city studio. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cenotaph,_Dunedin,_New_Zealand2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Cenotaph%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand2.JPG/170px-Cenotaph%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand2.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Cenotaph%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand2.JPG/255px-Cenotaph%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Cenotaph%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand2.JPG/340px-Cenotaph%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Cenotaph" title="Dunedin Cenotaph">Dunedin Cenotaph</a>, erected in 1927</figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous large companies had been established in Dunedin, many of which became national leaders. Late among them was <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Construction" title="Fletcher Construction">Fletcher Construction</a>, founded by Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Fletcher_(industrialist)" title="James Fletcher (industrialist)">James Fletcher</a> in the early 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Kempthorne_Prosser" title="Kempthorne Prosser">Kempthorne Prosser</a>, established in 1879 in Stafford Street, was the largest fertiliser and drug manufacturer in the country for over 100 years. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methven_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methven (company) (page does not exist)">G. Methven</a>, a metalworking and tap manufacturer based in <a href="/wiki/South_Dunedin" title="South Dunedin">South Dunedin</a>, was also a leading firm, as was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ely_Shacklock" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ely Shacklock">H. E. Shacklock</a>, an iron founder and appliance manufacturer later taken over by the Auckland concern <a href="/wiki/Fisher_and_Paykel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher and Paykel">Fisher and Paykel</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosgiel_Woollens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosgiel Woollens (page does not exist)">Mosgiel Woollens</a> was another Victorian Dunedin foundation. <a href="/wiki/Hallensteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallensteins">Hallensteins</a> was the colloquial name of a menswear manufacturer and national retail chain, while the DIC and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Barnett_(department_store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Barnett (department store)">Arthur Barnett</a> were department stores, the former a nationwide concern. Coulls, Somerville Wilkie—later part of the <a href="/wiki/Whitcoulls" title="Whitcoulls">Whitcoulls</a> group—had its origins in Dunedin in the 19th century. There were also the <a href="/wiki/National_Mortgage_and_Agency_Company_of_New_Zealand" title="National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand">National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wright_Stephenson" title="Wright Stephenson">Wright Stephensons Limited</a>, the Union Steamship Company and the National Insurance Company and the Standard Insurance Company among many others, which survived into the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_developments">Post-war developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-war developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg/280px-Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg/420px-Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg/560px-Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_winter_2011_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3256" data-file-height="993" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin Botanic Gardens in winter</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> prosperity and population growth revived, although Dunedin trailed as the fourth 'main centre'. A generation reacting against <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorianism</a> started demolishing its buildings and many were lost, notably <a href="/wiki/William_Mason_(architect)" title="William Mason (architect)">William Mason</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a> in 1969. (<a href="/wiki/Princes_Street,_Dunedin" title="Princes Street, Dunedin">Dunedin Stock Exchange building</a>) Although the university continued to expand, the city's population contracted, notably from 1976 to 1981. This was a culturally vibrant time with the university's new privately endowed arts fellowships bringing writers including <a href="/wiki/James_K._Baxter" title="James K. Baxter">James K Baxter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hotere" title="Ralph Hotere">Ralph Hotere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Frame" title="Janet Frame">Janet Frame</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hone_Tuwhare" title="Hone Tuwhare">Hone Tuwhare</a> to the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princes_Street,_Dunedin_1982_(35772469910).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Princes_Street%2C_Dunedin_1982_%2835772469910%29.jpg/220px-Princes_Street%2C_Dunedin_1982_%2835772469910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Princes_Street%2C_Dunedin_1982_%2835772469910%29.jpg/330px-Princes_Street%2C_Dunedin_1982_%2835772469910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Princes_Street%2C_Dunedin_1982_%2835772469910%29.jpg/440px-Princes_Street%2C_Dunedin_1982_%2835772469910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Princes Street in April 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1980s Dunedin's <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> scene blossomed, with many acts, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Chills" title="The Chills">The Chills</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clean" title="The Clean">The Clean</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Verlaines" title="The Verlaines">The Verlaines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Straitjacket_Fits" title="Straitjacket Fits">Straitjacket Fits</a>, gaining national and international recognition. The term "The <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a>" was coined to describe the 1960s-influenced, guitar-led music which flourished at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bands and musicians are still playing and recording in many styles. </p><p>By 1990, <a href="/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">population decline</a> had steadied and slow growth has occurred since and Dunedin re-invented itself as a 'heritage city' with its main streets refurbished in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian style</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heritage_buildings_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heritage_buildings-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lawson_(architect)" title="Robert Lawson (architect)">R. A. Lawson</a>'s Municipal Chambers (<a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Town_Hall" title="Dunedin Town Hall">Dunedin Town Hall</a>) in <a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Dunedin" title="The Octagon, Dunedin">the Octagon</a> were handsomely restored. The city was also recognised as a centre of excellence in tertiary education and research. The university's and polytechnic's growth accelerated. Dunedin has continued to refurbish itself, embarking on redevelopments of the <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art gallery</a>, railway station and the <a href="/wiki/Toit%C5%AB_Otago_Settlers_Museum" title="Toitū Otago Settlers Museum">Toitū Otago Settlers Museum</a>. Meanwhile, the continued blossoming of local creative writing saw the city gain UNESCO <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> status in 2014. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:28_High_Street,_Dunedin,_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/28_High_Street%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg/220px-28_High_Street%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/28_High_Street%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg/330px-28_High_Street%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/28_High_Street%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg/440px-28_High_Street%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand_-_Neuseeland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>High Street Dunedin (2009)</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunedin has flourishing niche industries including engineering, software engineering, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> and fashion. <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a> provides Dunedin with deep-water facilities. It is served by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers_Branch" title="Port Chalmers Branch">Port Chalmers Branch</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch line</a> railway which diverges from the <a href="/wiki/Main_South_Line" title="Main South Line">Main South Line</a> and runs from <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> by way of Dunedin to <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a>. Dunedin is also home to <a href="/w/index.php?title=MTF_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTF Ltd (page does not exist)">MTF</a>, the nationwide vehicle finance company. </p><p>The cityscape glitters with gems of Victorian and Edwardian architecture—the legacy of the city's gold-rush affluence. Many, including First Church, <a href="/wiki/Otago_Boys%27_High_School" title="Otago Boys' High School">Otago Boys' High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larnach_Castle" title="Larnach Castle">Larnach Castle</a> were designed by one of New Zealand's most eminent architects <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lawson_(architect)" title="Robert Lawson (architect)">R. A. Lawson</a>. Other prominent buildings include <a href="/wiki/Olveston_(house)" title="Olveston (house)">Olveston</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Railway Station">Dunedin Railway Station</a>. Other unusual or memorable buildings or constructions are <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Street" title="Baldwin Street">Baldwin Street</a>, claimed to be the world's steepest residential street;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Captain Cook tavern; Cadbury Chocolate Factory (<a href="/wiki/Cadbury_World,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury World, Dunedin">Cadbury World</a>) (In 2018, both the factory and Cadbury World closed to make way for a new NZ$1.4 billion hospital to replace the existing <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Public Hospital">Dunedin Public Hospital</a>); and the <a href="/wiki/Speight%27s" title="Speight's">Speight's</a> brewery. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg/170px-Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg/255px-Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg/340px-Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens_Spring_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Botanic Gardens in Spring</figcaption></figure> <p>The thriving tertiary student population has led to a vibrant <a href="/wiki/Youth_culture" title="Youth culture">youth culture</a> (students are referred to as 'Scarfies' by people who are not students), consisting of the previously mentioned <a href="/wiki/Indie_music_scene" title="Indie music scene">music scene</a>, and more recently a burgeoning boutique fashion industry.<sup id="cite_ref-thread_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thread-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fashionherald_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fashionherald-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strong visual arts community also exists in Dunedin, notably in <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> and the other settlements which dot the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a>, and also in communities such as <a href="/wiki/Waitati" title="Waitati">Waitati</a>. </p><p>Sport is catered for in Dunedin by the floodlit <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">rugby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> venues of <a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium" title="Forsyth Barr Stadium">Forsyth Barr Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_Oval,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="University Oval, Dunedin">University Oval, Dunedin</a>, respectively, the new <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Ground" title="Caledonian Ground">Caledonian Ground</a> football and <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Track and field athletics">athletics</a> stadium near the university at <a href="/wiki/Logan_Park,_Dunedin" title="Logan Park, Dunedin">Logan Park</a>, the large <a href="/wiki/The_Edgar_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edgar Centre">Edgar Centre</a> indoor sports centre, the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Ice_Stadium" title="Dunedin Ice Stadium">Dunedin Ice Stadium</a>, and numerous golf courses and parks. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Wingatui" title="Wingatui">Wingatui</a> horseracing course to the south of the city. St Clair Beach is a well-known <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> venue, and the harbour basin is popular with <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfers</a>. Dunedin has four public swimming pools: <a href="/wiki/Moana_Pool" title="Moana Pool">Moana Pool</a>, Port Chalmers Pool, Mosgiel and St Clair Salt Water Pool. </p><p>In February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/East_Otago" title="East Otago">East Otago</a> towns of <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karitane" title="Karitane">Karitane</a> in New Zealand <a href="/wiki/2021_East_Otago_lead_poisoning_scare" title="2021 East Otago lead poisoning scare">reported high lead levels</a> in their water supplies. Local and national authorities responded by dispatching water tanks to assist local residents and providing free blood tests, fruits and vegetables. The lead poisoning scare also attracted coverage by national media.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early March 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_District_Health_Board" title="Southern District Health Board">Southern District Health Board</a> confirmed that test results indicated that long-term exposure to lead in the water supply posed little risk to the local population.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late January 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otago_Regional_Council" title="Otago Regional Council">Otago Regional Council</a> released a joint draft strategy to expand housing development and industrial land over the next thirty years to accommodate a projected 10% population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg/170px-Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg/255px-Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg/340px-Taiaroa_Head_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taiaroa_Head" title="Taiaroa Head">Taiaroa Head</a> with lighthouse.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Dunedin City territorial authority has a land area of 3,314.8 km<sup>2</sup> (1,279.9 sq mi), slightly larger than the American state of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> or the English county of <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, and a little smaller than <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. It was the largest city in land area in New Zealand until the formation of the 5,600 km<sup>2</sup> (2,200 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a> on 1 November 2010. The Dunedin City Council boundaries since 1989 have extended to <a href="/wiki/Middlemarch,_New_Zealand" title="Middlemarch, New Zealand">Middlemarch</a> in the west, <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a> in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and south-east, and the Waipori/Taieri River and the township of <a href="/wiki/Henley,_New_Zealand" title="Henley, New Zealand">Henley</a> in the south-west. </p><p>Dunedin is situated at the head of <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a>, a narrow inlet extending south-westward for some 15 miles. The harbour is a recent creation formed by the flooding of two river valleys.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the time of its foundation in 1848, the city has spread slowly over the low-lying <a href="/wiki/Flat_(landform)" title="Flat (landform)">flats</a> and nearby hills and across the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">isthmus</a> to the slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eastern Otago is tectonically stable, meaning that it does not experience many earthquakes. One of the only known faults near Dunedin is the <a href="/wiki/Akatore_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Akatore Fault">Akatore Fault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first earthquake to cause widespread damage in Dunedin since its founding was the 1974 Dunedin earthquake, which had a magnitude of 4.9 and caused about $3.5 million in damages (2024 terms).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inner_city">Inner city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Inner city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PrincesStDunedin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/PrincesStDunedin.jpg/220px-PrincesStDunedin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/PrincesStDunedin.jpg/330px-PrincesStDunedin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/PrincesStDunedin.jpg/440px-PrincesStDunedin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street,_Dunedin" title="Princes Street, Dunedin">Princes Street</a> was developed during Dunedin's 1860s boom from the gold rush, and consequently is one of New Zealand's most historic streets</figcaption></figure> <p>The central region of Dunedin is known as <a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Dunedin" title="The Octagon, Dunedin">the Octagon</a>. It was once a gully, filled in the mid-nineteenth century to create the present plaza. The initial settlement of the city took place to the south on the other side of <a href="/wiki/Bell_Hill,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Hill, New Zealand">Bell Hill</a>, a large outcrop which had to be reduced to provide easy access between the two parts of the settlement. The central city stretches away from this point in a largely northeast–southwest direction, with the main streets of <a href="/wiki/George_Street,_Dunedin" title="George Street, Dunedin">George Street</a> and Princes Street meeting at The Octagon. Here they are joined by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Street,_Dunedin" title="Stuart Street, Dunedin">Stuart Street</a>, which runs orthogonally to them, from the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Railway Station">Dunedin Railway Station</a> in the southeast, and steeply up to the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Roslyn,_Dunedin" title="Roslyn, Dunedin">Roslyn</a> in the northwest. Many of the city's notable old buildings are located in the southern part of this area and on the inner ring of lower hills which surround the central city (most of these hills, such as <a href="/wiki/Maori_Hill" title="Maori Hill">Maori Hill</a>, Pine Hill, and <a href="/wiki/Maryhill,_New_Zealand" title="Maryhill, New Zealand">Maryhill</a>, rise to some 200 metres [660 ft] above the plain). The head of the harbour includes a large area of reclaimed land ("The Southern Endowment"), much of which is used for light industry and warehousing. A large area of flat land, simply known colloquially as "The Flat" lies to the south and southwest of the city centre, and includes several larger and older suburbs, notably <a href="/wiki/South_Dunedin" title="South Dunedin">South Dunedin</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_New_Zealand" title="St Kilda, New Zealand">St Kilda</a>. These are protected from the Pacific Ocean by a long line of dunes which run east–west along the city's southern coastline and separate residential areas from <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_Otago" title="Ocean Beach, Otago">Ocean Beach</a>, which is traditionally divided into <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Clair Beach">St. Clair Beach</a> at the western end and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_Otago" title="Ocean Beach, Otago">St Kilda Beach</a> to the east. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG/220px-Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG/330px-Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG/440px-Dunedin_from_Lookout.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin seen from Unity Park lookout in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Mornington,_Dunedin" title="Mornington, Dunedin">Mornington</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg/220px-Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg/330px-Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg/440px-Baldwin_Street_High_Resolution_Upwards_Look.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Street" title="Baldwin Street">Baldwin Street</a> in North East Valley is the world's steepest residential street</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunedin is home to <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Street" title="Baldwin Street">Baldwin Street</a>, which, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i>, is the steepest street in the world. Its gradient is 1 in 2.9.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long-since-abandoned Maryhill <a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cablecar</a> route had a similar gradient close to its Mornington depot. </p><p>Beyond the inner range of hills lie Dunedin's outer suburbs, notably to the northwest, beyond Roslyn. This direction contains Taieri Road and Three Mile Hill, which between them formed the original road route to the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Plains">Taieri Plains</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">State Highway 1</a> follows a different route, passing through <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_New_Zealand" title="Caversham, New Zealand">Caversham</a> in the west and out past Saddle Hill. Lying between Saddle Hill and Caversham are the outer suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_Zealand" title="Green Island, New Zealand">Green Island and Abbotsford</a>. Between Green Island and Roslyn lies the steep-sided valley of the <a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Stream" title="Kaikorai Stream">Kaikorai Stream</a>, which is today a residential and light industrial area. Suburban settlements—mostly regarded as separate townships—also lie along both edges of the Otago Harbour. Notable among these are <a href="/wiki/Portobello,_New_Zealand" title="Portobello, New Zealand">Portobello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macandrew_Bay" title="Macandrew Bay">Macandrew Bay</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a> coast, and <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> on the opposite side of the harbour. Port Chalmers provides Dunedin's main deep-water port, including the city's container port. </p><p>The Dunedin skyline is dominated by a ring of (traditionally seven) hills which form the remnants of a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">volcanic crater</a>. Notable among them are <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cargill" title="Mount Cargill">Mount Cargill</a> (700 m [2,300 ft]), <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagstaff, Otago">Flagstaff</a> (680 m [2,230 ft]), <a href="/wiki/Saddle_Hill,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddle Hill, New Zealand">Saddle Hill</a> (480 m [1,570 ft]), <a href="/wiki/Signal_Hill,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Hill, New Zealand">Signal Hill</a> (390 m [1,280 ft]), and <a href="/wiki/Harbour_Cone" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour Cone">Harbour Cone</a> (320 m [1,050 ft]).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinterland">Hinterland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hinterland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg/220px-Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg/330px-Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg/440px-Dunedin_Otago_Peninsula_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Dunedin (grey area to lower left) sits close to the isthmus of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a>, at the end of <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dunedin's hinterland encompasses a variety of different landforms. To the southwest lie the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Plains">Taieri Plains</a>, the broad, fertile lowland floodplains of the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_River" title="Taieri River">Taieri River</a> and its major tributary, the <a href="/wiki/Waipori_River" title="Waipori River">Waipori</a>. These are moderately heavily settled, and contain the towns of <a href="/wiki/Mosgiel" title="Mosgiel">Mosgiel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allanton,_New_Zealand" title="Allanton, New Zealand">Allanton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are separated from the coast by a range of low hills rising to some 300 metres (980 ft). Inland from the Taieri Plain is rough hill country. Close to the plain, much of this is forested, notably around <a href="/wiki/Berwick,_New_Zealand" title="Berwick, New Zealand">Berwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mahinerangi" title="Lake Mahinerangi">Lake Mahinerangi</a>, and also around the <a href="/wiki/Silverpeaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverpeaks">Silverpeaks</a> Range which lies northwest of the Dunedin urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishopHamel1993_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishopHamel1993-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond this, the land becomes drier and opens out into grass and <a href="/wiki/Tussock_grass" title="Tussock grass">tussock</a>-covered land. A high, broad valley, the <a href="/wiki/Strath-Taieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Strath-Taieri">Strath-Taieri</a> lies in Dunedin's far northwest, containing the town of <a href="/wiki/Middlemarch,_New_Zealand" title="Middlemarch, New Zealand">Middlemarch</a>, one of the area's few concentrations of population. </p><p>To the north of the city's urban area is undulating hill country containing several small, mainly coastal, settlements, including <a href="/wiki/Waitati" title="Waitati">Waitati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrington,_New_Zealand" title="Warrington, New Zealand">Warrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seacliff,_New_Zealand" title="Seacliff, New Zealand">Seacliff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">State Highway 1</a> winds steeply through a series of hills here, notably <a href="/wiki/The_Kilmog" title="The Kilmog">The Kilmog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hills can be considered a coastal extension of the Silverpeaks Range. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment_and_Ecotourism">Environment and Ecotourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environment and Ecotourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To the east of Dunedin lies the entirety of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a>, a long finger of land that formed the southeastern rim of the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Volcano" title="Dunedin Volcano">Dunedin Volcano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peninsula is lightly settled, almost entirely along the harbour coast, and much of it is maintained as a <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">natural habitat</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago_Peninsula_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otago Peninsula Trust (page does not exist)">Otago Peninsula Trust</a>. The peninsula contains several fine beaches, and is home to a considerable number of <a href="/wiki/Rare_species" title="Rare species">rare species</a> including <a href="/wiki/Yellow-eyed_penguin" title="Yellow-eyed penguin">Yellow-eyed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_penguin" title="Little penguin">Little</a> penguins, <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cormorant" title="Cormorant">shags</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taiaroa_Head" title="Taiaroa Head">Taiaroa Head</a> on the peninsula's northeastern point is a site of global ecological significance, as it is home to the world's only mainland breeding colony of <a href="/wiki/Southern_royal_albatross" title="Southern royal albatross">royal albatross</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_suburbs">List of suburbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: List of suburbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suburbs_of_Dunedin" title="Suburbs of Dunedin">Suburbs of Dunedin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Clair,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/St_Clair%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-St_Clair%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/St_Clair%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-St_Clair%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/St_Clair%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-St_Clair%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Beach in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/St_Clair,_New_Zealand" title="St Clair, New Zealand">St Clair</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Inner suburbs</dt></dl> <p><i>(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)</i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Woodhaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodhaugh">Woodhaugh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Glenleith" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenleith">Glenleith</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leith_Valley" title="Leith Valley">Leith Valley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dalmore,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmore, New Zealand">Dalmore</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liberton,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberton, New Zealand">Liberton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pine_Hill,_New_Zealand" title="Pine Hill, New Zealand">Pine Hill</a>; <a href="/wiki/Normanby,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Normanby, Otago">Normanby</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mt_Mera" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt Mera">Mt Mera</a>; <a href="/wiki/North_East_Valley" title="North East Valley">North East Valley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Opoho" title="Opoho">Opoho</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_North" title="Dunedin North">Dunedin North</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne,_New_Zealand" title="Ravensbourne, New Zealand">Ravensbourne</a>; <a href="/wiki/Highcliff,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Highcliff, New Zealand">Highcliff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shiel_Hill" title="Shiel Hill">Shiel Hill</a>; <a href="/wiki/Challis,_New_Zealand" title="Challis, New Zealand">Challis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Waverley,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Waverley, Otago">Waverley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauxhall, Otago">Vauxhall</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_New_Zealand" title="Ocean Grove, New Zealand">Ocean Grove</a> (Tomahawk); <a href="/wiki/Tainui,_New_Zealand" title="Tainui, New Zealand">Tainui</a>; <a href="/wiki/Andersons_Bay" title="Andersons Bay">Andersons Bay</a>; <a href="/wiki/Musselburgh,_New_Zealand" title="Musselburgh, New Zealand">Musselburgh</a>; <a href="/wiki/South_Dunedin" title="South Dunedin">South Dunedin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kilda,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Kilda, New Zealand">St Kilda</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Clair,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Clair, New Zealand">St Clair</a>; <a href="/wiki/Corstorphine,_New_Zealand" title="Corstorphine, New Zealand">Corstorphine</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kew,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Kew, Otago">Kew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Forbury,_New_Zealand" title="Forbury, New Zealand">Forbury</a>; <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_New_Zealand" title="Caversham, New Zealand">Caversham</a>; <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Zealand" title="Concord, New Zealand">Concord</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maryhill,_New_Zealand" title="Maryhill, New Zealand">Maryhill</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenmure" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenmure">Kenmure</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mornington,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Mornington, Otago">Mornington</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Valley" title="Kaikorai Valley">Kaikorai Valley</a>; <a href="/wiki/City_Rise" title="City Rise">City Rise</a>; <a href="/wiki/Belleknowes" class="mw-redirect" title="Belleknowes">Belleknowes</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roslyn,_Dunedin" title="Roslyn, Dunedin">Roslyn</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Valley" title="Kaikorai Valley">Kaikorai</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wakari" title="Wakari">Wakari</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maori_Hill" title="Maori Hill">Maori Hill</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Outer suburbs</dt></dl> <p><i>(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)</i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Burkes,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkes, New Zealand">Burkes</a>; <a href="/wiki/Saint_Leonards,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Leonards, Otago">Saint Leonards</a>; Deborah Bay; Careys Bay; <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a>; Sawyers Bay; Roseneath; <a href="/wiki/Broad_Bay,_New_Zealand" title="Broad Bay, New Zealand">Broad Bay</a>; <a href="/wiki/Company_Bay" title="Company Bay">Company Bay</a>; <a href="/wiki/Macandrew_Bay" title="Macandrew Bay">Macandrew Bay</a>; <a href="/wiki/Portobello,_New_Zealand" title="Portobello, New Zealand">Portobello</a>; <a href="/wiki/Burnside,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnside, Otago">Burnside</a>; <a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_Zealand" title="Green Island, New Zealand">Green Island</a>; <a href="/wiki/Waldronville" title="Waldronville">Waldronville</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westwood,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westwood, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Westwood</a>; Saddle Hill; <a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_Zealand#Sunnyvale" title="Green Island, New Zealand">Sunnyvale</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Otago" title="Fairfield, Otago">Fairfield</a>; <a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_Zealand#Abbotsford" title="Green Island, New Zealand">Abbotsford</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Valley" title="Kaikorai Valley">Bradford</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brockville,_New_Zealand" title="Brockville, New Zealand">Brockville</a>; <a href="/wiki/Halfway_Bush" title="Halfway Bush">Halfway Bush</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helensburgh,_New_Zealand" title="Helensburgh, New Zealand">Helensburgh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Towns_within_city_limits">Towns within city limits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Towns within city limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)</i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Waitati" title="Waitati">Waitati</a>; <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karitane" title="Karitane">Karitane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Seacliff,_New_Zealand" title="Seacliff, New Zealand">Seacliff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Warrington,_New_Zealand" title="Warrington, New Zealand">Warrington</a>; <a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABr%C4%81kaunui" title="Pūrākaunui">Pūrākaunui</a>; <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_Zealand" title="Long Beach, New Zealand">Long Beach</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aramoana" title="Aramoana">Aramoana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Otakou</a>; Mosgiel; Brighton;<a href="/wiki/Taieri_Mouth,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Mouth, New Zealand">Taieri Mouth</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henley,_New_Zealand" title="Henley, New Zealand">Henley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Allanton,_New_Zealand" title="Allanton, New Zealand">Allanton</a>; <a href="/wiki/East_Taieri" title="East Taieri">East Taieri</a>; <a href="/wiki/Momona" title="Momona">Momona</a>; <a href="/wiki/Outram,_New_Zealand" title="Outram, New Zealand">Outram</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Taieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Taieri (page does not exist)">West Taieri</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waipori,_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waipori, New Zealand (page does not exist)">Waipori</a>; <a href="/wiki/Middlemarch,_New_Zealand" title="Middlemarch, New Zealand">Middlemarch</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hyde,_New_Zealand" title="Hyde, New Zealand">Hyde</a>. </p><p>Since local council reorganisation in the late 1980s, these are suburbs, but are not commonly regarded as such. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of Dunedin in general is temperate. Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Dunedin features an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>. This leads to mild summers and coolish winters. Winter is not particularly frosty with around 49 frosts per year, lower than most other South Island locations, but sunny. Snowfall is not particularly common and significant snowfall is uncommon (perhaps every two or three years), except in the inland hill suburbs such as Halfway Bush and Wakari, which tend to receive a few days of snowfall each year. Spring can feature "four seasons in a day" weather, but from November to April it is generally settled and mild. Temperatures during summer can reach 30 °C (86 °F). Due to its maritime influence, Dunedin's mild summers and mild winters both stand out considering its latitude. </p><p>Dunedin has relatively low rainfall in comparison to many of New Zealand's cities, with usually only between 600 and 750 millimetres (30 in) recorded per year. However, wet weather is frequent, since much of this rainfall occurs in drizzle or light rain and heavy rain is relatively rare. Dunedin is one of the cloudiest major centres in the country, recording approximately 1,850 hours of bright sunshine per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prevailing_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Prevailing wind">Prevailing wind</a> in the city is mainly a sometimes cool southwesterly and during late spring will alternate with northeasterlies.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warmer, dry northwest winds are also characteristic <a href="/wiki/Nor%27west_arch" title="Nor'west arch">Foehn winds from the northwest</a>. The circle of hills surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Inner_city" title="Inner city">inner city</a> shelters the inner city from much of the prevailing weather, while hills just to the west of the city can often push inclement weather around to the west of the city. </p><p>Inland, beyond the heart of the city and into inland Otago, the climate is sub-continental: winters are quite cold and dry, summers warm and dry. Thick freezing ground fogs are common in winter in the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_River" title="Taieri River">Taieri River</a>'s course around <a href="/wiki/Middlemarch,_New_Zealand" title="Middlemarch, New Zealand">Middlemarch</a>, and in summer, the temperature occasionally reaches 30 °C (86 °F). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Dunedin (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1947–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.5<br />(2.78) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.9<br />(2.75) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.9<br />(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.6<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.7<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.1<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.8<br />(2.79) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">724.1<br />(28.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.1 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.1 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.5 </td> <td style="background: #B3B373; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.7 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.9 </td> <td style="background: #B3B36E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.8 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.0 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.4 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.6 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.3 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.6 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,775.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NIWA Climate Data<sup id="cite_ref-NIWA_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: CliFlo <sup id="cite_ref-NIWA2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Airport" title="Dunedin Airport">Dunedin Airport</a> (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1962–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.9<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.0<br />(19.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.8<br />(16.2) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.8<br />(16.2) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.8<br />(16.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2<br />(2.53) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4<br />(1.91) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.1<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.4<br />(1.94) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(1.56) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.8<br />(1.61) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">642.4<br />(25.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: CliFlo <sup id="cite_ref-NIWA3_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA3-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dunedin City territorial authority has a population of 136,000 as of June 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This comprises 106,700 people in the Dunedin urban area, 15,150 people in the <a href="/wiki/Mosgiel" title="Mosgiel">Mosgiel</a> urban area, 1,580 people in <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_New_Zealand" title="Brighton, New Zealand">Brighton</a>, 1,330 people in <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a>, and 11,240 people in the surrounding settlements and rural area. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population for the territorial area</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">118,683</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">120,249</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">126,255</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">128,901</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.42%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2018_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2018-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png/220px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png/330px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png/440px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Dunedin_City.png 2x" data-file-width="3118" data-file-height="3392" /></a><figcaption>Population density in the 2023 census</figcaption></figure> <p>Dunedin City had a population of 128,901 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 2,646 people (2.1%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 8,652 people (7.2%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 61,722 males, 66,300 females and 873 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 49,920 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5.8% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 37.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 19,056 people (14.8%) aged under 15 years, 34,455 (26.7%) aged 15 to 29, 53,055 (41.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 22,329 (17.3%) aged 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 85.1% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 10.8% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 3.9% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 9.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 1.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.6% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.6%, Māori language by 2.3%, Samoan by 0.8% and other languages by 12.0%. No language could be spoken by 1.6% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 21.1, compared with 28.8% nationally. </p><p>Religious affiliations were 27.6% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 1.5% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 60.5%, and 6.6% of people did not answer the census question. </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 24,159 (22.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 58,182 (53.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 20,418 (18.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $33,500, compared with $41,500 nationally. 9,825 people (8.9%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 48,852 (44.5%) people were employed full-time, 17,673 (16.1%) were part-time, and 3,528 (3.2%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_area">Urban area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Urban area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dunedin urban area covers 91.16 km<sup>2</sup> (35.20 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Area_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had an estimated population of 106,700 as of June 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a population density of 1,170 people per km<sup>2</sup>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236656977"><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population for the urban area</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">95,901</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">99,885</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,908</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.20%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The urban area had a population of 100,908 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 1,023 people (1.0%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 5,007 people (5.2%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 48,096 males, 52,020 females and 792 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 38,127 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6.7% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 34.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 14,475 people (14.3%) aged under 15 years, 30,684 (30.4%) aged 15 to 29, 40,515 (40.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 15,234 (15.1%) aged 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 83.0% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 11.2% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 4.5% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 10.9% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 2.0% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.5%, Māori language by 2.5%, Samoan by 0.9% and other languages by 13.6%. No language could be spoken by 1.6% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 23.0, compared with 28.8% nationally. </p><p>Religious affiliations were 27.1% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 1.4% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 1.7% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 60.6%, and 6.4% of people did not answer the census question. </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 20,169 (23.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 45,513 (52.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 14,928 (17.3%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $31,800, compared with $41,500 nationally. 7,266 people (8.4%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 37,755 (43.7%) people were employed full-time, 14,250 (16.5%) were part-time, and 3,099 (3.6%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023_UA-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Church,_Dunedin,_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/220px-First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/330px-First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/440px-First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="3253" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/First_Church_of_Otago" title="First Church of Otago">First Church of Otago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phone_booths,_Dunedin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Phone_booths%2C_Dunedin.jpg/220px-Phone_booths%2C_Dunedin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Phone_booths%2C_Dunedin.jpg/330px-Phone_booths%2C_Dunedin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Phone_booths%2C_Dunedin.jpg/440px-Phone_booths%2C_Dunedin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Phone booths in Central Dunedin</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dunedin" title="Special:EditPage/Dunedin">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2014, Dunedin was designated as a <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">UNESCO Creative City of Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayor of Dunedin Dave Cull said at the time, "This announcement puts our city on the world map as a first-class literary city. We keep honourable company; other cities bestowed with City of Literature status include Edinburgh, Dublin, Iowa City, Melbourne, Reykjavík, Norwich and Kraków."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dunedin's application was driven by a steering committee and an advisory board of writers, librarians and academics from a range of Dunedin institutions. The bid highlighted the quality of the city's considerable literary heritage, its diverse combination of literary events, businesses, institutions and organisations, plus its thriving community of writers, playwrights and lyricists. </p><p>UNESCO established the Creative Cities Network to develop international co-operation among cities and encourage them to drive joint development partnerships in line with UNESCO's global priorities of 'culture and development' and 'sustainable development'. Each city in the network reflects one of UNESCO's seven Creative City themes: folk art, gastronomy, literature, design, film or music. Dunedin is New Zealand's first city to be appointed to the Creative City network. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a> described Dunedin as "cold and frugal with its shabby streets and mock-gothic university". The university students he described as "ignorant, assertive and dirty".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> described Dunedin as "a dreary town. It's got that Scottish Presbyterian feel about it".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Full_Circle_with_Michael_Palin" title="Full Circle with Michael Palin">Full Circle</a> says of Dunedin "at first glance it is a dour, damp, chilly place, its buildings heavy with ponderous Presbyterian pride...but beneath a grey and sober heart there lurks a wild heart."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> said of the Scottish who settled in Dunedin, "They stopped here on their way from home to heaven – thinking they had arrived".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Choirs">Choirs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Choirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin is home to many choirs. These include the following: </p> <ul><li>The 140-member <a href="/wiki/City_of_Dunedin_Choir" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Dunedin Choir">City of Dunedin Choir</a> is Dunedin's leading performer of large-scale choral works.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Consort_of_Voices" title="Southern Consort of Voices">Southern Consort of Voices</a> is a smaller choir regularly performing Choral Works.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dunedin_Male_Choir" title="Royal Dunedin Male Choir">Royal Dunedin Male Choir</a>, conducted by Richard Madden, performs two concerts a year</li> <li>The Dunedin RSA Choir regularly performs concerts and has played an important and valued role in Dunedin City's commemorative celebrations of significant historical events. ANZAC, of course, is one such occasion, and the ANZAC Revue held on the evening of every ANZAC Day, occupies a special place of honour in the choir's calendar.</li> <li>The all-female Dunedin Harmony Chorus are an important part of the Dunedin culture.</li> <li>The Southern Children's Choir, based at <a href="/wiki/Marama_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Marama Hall">Marama Hall</a> in the university, is Dunedin's main children's choir. Most schools in Dunedin have choirs, many having more than one.</li> <li>The Southern Youth Choir is a concert-based youth choir.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a> is home to three official choirs: the two chapel choirs (Knox and Selwyn), and the travelling <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantores (page does not exist)">Cantores</a> choir.</li> <li>Several Dunedin Churches and Cathedrals hold choirs. Among these are <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin">St. Joseph's Catholic Cathedral</a>, home to two choirs: the Cathedral Choir and the Gabrieli Singers; <a href="/wiki/Knox_Church,_Dunedin" title="Knox Church, Dunedin">Knox Church</a>'s large mixed gender choir for adults and children, the Knox Church Choir; <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Dunedin" title="All Saints' Church, Dunedin">All Saints' Church, Dunedin</a>, has choral scholars from <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Otago" title="Selwyn College, Otago">Selwyn College, Otago</a>, St. John's Church, Roslyn's small mixed-gender parish choir; and <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Cathedral, Dunedin">St. Paul's Anglican Cathedral</a>'s mixed-gender adult choir.</li> <li>The Dunedin <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> Choir (of New Zealand Red Cross), conducted by Eleanor Moyle, is one of only three Red Cross choirs globally. Established in 1942, this choir performs regularly in Dunedin at various Rest Homes and holds an annual concert at the Kings and Queens Performing Arts Centre.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Instrumental_classical_and_jazz_ensembles">Instrumental classical and jazz ensembles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Instrumental classical and jazz ensembles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dunedin Symphony Orchestra is a semi-professional orchestra based in Dunedin. Other instrumental ensembles include the Rare Byrds early music ensemble, the Collegiate Orchestra, and the Dunedin Youth Orchestra. Many schools also hold school orchestras and bands. There are also three brass bands in Dunedin: St. Kilda Brass, Kaikorai Brass, and Mosgiel Brass. The Otago Symphonic Band and <a href="/wiki/City_of_Dunedin_Pipe_Band_(New_Zealand)" title="City of Dunedin Pipe Band (New Zealand)">City of Dunedin Pipe Band</a> are also important Dunedin musical ensembles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin lends its name to the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> music which was created in the city in the 1980s. Some Dunedin bands recorded on the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Nun_Records" title="Flying Nun Records">Flying Nun Records</a> label, based in Christchurch.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the bands with Dunedin connections were <a href="/wiki/The_Chills" title="The Chills">The Chills</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clean" title="The Clean">The Clean</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Verlaines" title="The Verlaines">The Verlaines</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bats_(New_Zealand_band)" title="The Bats (New Zealand band)">The Bats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sneaky_Feelings" title="Sneaky Feelings">Sneaky Feelings</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dead_C" title="The Dead C">The Dead C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Straitjacket_Fits" title="Straitjacket Fits">Straitjacket Fits</a>, all of which had significant followings throughout New Zealand and on the college radio circuit in the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dunedin has been home to bands since the end of the Dunedin sound era. <a href="/wiki/Six60" title="Six60">Six60</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Reid" title="Nadia Reid">Nadia Reid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Temple_Band" title="Julian Temple Band">Julian Temple Band</a> are Dunedin artists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_teams">Major teams</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Major teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highlanders_(rugby)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlanders (rugby)">Highlanders</a> – <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a> rugby union team who are the Super Rugby champions of 2015 (represents Otago, Southland and North Otago Rugby Unions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Otago Rugby Football Union">Otago Rugby Football Union</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mitre_10_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre 10 Cup">Mitre 10 Cup</a> rugby union team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Volts" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Volts">Otago Volts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otago_Sparks" title="Otago Sparks">Otago Sparks</a> – men's and women's <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> teams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Steel_(netball)" title="Southern Steel (netball)">Southern Steel</a> – <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Championship" title="ANZ Championship">ANZ Championship</a> <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a> team (represents Otago & Southland Netball – Based in <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern United">Southern United</a> – association football team in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Football_Championship" title="New Zealand Football Championship">New Zealand Football Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Nuggets" title="Otago Nuggets">Otago Nuggets</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Hoiho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Hoiho (page does not exist)">Southern Hoiho</a> – Men's and Women's basketball teams competing in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(New_Zealand)" title="National Basketball League (New Zealand)">National Basketball League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tauihi_Basketball_Aotearoa" title="Tauihi Basketball Aotearoa">Tauihi Basketball Aotearoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Thunder" title="Dunedin Thunder">Dunedin Thunder</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Ice_Hockey_League" title="New Zealand Ice Hockey League">New Zealand Ice Hockey League</a> team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Whalers" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Whalers">Otago Whalers</a> – <a href="/wiki/NZRL_Men%27s_National_Competition" class="mw-redirect" title="NZRL Men's National Competition">National Competition</a> Rugby League Team</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grounds_and_stadiums">Grounds and stadiums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Grounds and stadiums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG/220px-Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG/330px-Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG/440px-Forsyth_Barr_Stadium_95.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3284" data-file-height="2189" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium" title="Forsyth Barr Stadium">Forsyth Barr Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_North" title="Dunedin North">Dunedin North</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Ground" title="Caledonian Ground">Caledonian Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carisbrook" title="Carisbrook">Carisbrook</a> (now defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Ice_Stadium" title="Dunedin Ice Stadium">Dunedin Ice Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edgar_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edgar Centre">The Edgar Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium" title="Forsyth Barr Stadium">Forsyth Barr Stadium</a> at University Plaza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Park,_Dunedin" title="Logan Park, Dunedin">Logan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moana_Pool" title="Moana Pool">Moana Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonga Park">Tonga Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Oval,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="University Oval, Dunedin">University Oval</a> – Notable for being the southernmost venue on the planet that hosts <a href="/wiki/Test_Cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Cricket">Test Cricket</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FortunetheatreNZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/FortunetheatreNZ.jpg/220px-FortunetheatreNZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/FortunetheatreNZ.jpg/330px-FortunetheatreNZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/FortunetheatreNZ.jpg/440px-FortunetheatreNZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Fortune Theatre, Dunedin">Fortune Theatre</a> laid claim to being the world's southernmost professional theatre company</figcaption></figure> <p>The city hosts a large theatre venue, the <a href="/wiki/Regent_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Regent Theatre, Dunedin">Regent Theatre</a> in the Octagon. Dunedin hosted the world's southernmost professional theatre company, the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Fortune Theatre, Dunedin">Fortune Theatre</a>, based in the <a href="/wiki/Former_Trinity_Methodist_Church,_Dunedin" title="Former Trinity Methodist Church, Dunedin">former Trinity Methodist Church</a>, until it closed in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller theatres in Dunedin include the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Globe Theatre, Dunedin">Globe Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mayfair_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Mayfair Theatre, Dunedin">Mayfair Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Athenaeum_and_Mechanics%27_Institute#New_Athenaeum_Theatre" title="Dunedin Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute">New Athenaeum Theatre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Playhouse Theatre, Dunedin">Playhouse Theatre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin has a substantial public art gallery, the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Art_Gallery" title="Dunedin Public Art Gallery">Dunedin Public Art Gallery</a>, in the Octagon. The city contains numerous other galleries, including over a dozen dealer galleries, many of which are found south of the Octagon along <a href="/wiki/Princes_Street,_Dunedin" title="Princes Street, Dunedin">Princes Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moray_Place,_Dunedin" title="Moray Place, Dunedin">Moray Place</a> and Dowling Street. There are also several more experimental art spaces, notably the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Oyster_Art_Project_Space" title="Blue Oyster Art Project Space">Blue Oyster</a> in Dowling Street. </p><p>Many notable artists have strong links with Dunedin, among them <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hotere" title="Ralph Hotere">Ralph Hotere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgkins" title="Frances Hodgkins">Frances Hodgkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grahame_Sydney" title="Grahame Sydney">Grahame Sydney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Harris_(artist)" title="Jeffrey Harris (artist)">Jeffrey Harris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marae">Marae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Marae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin has three <i><a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a></i> (meeting grounds) for <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a>, each with its own <i><a href="/wiki/Wharenui" title="Wharenui">wharenui</a></i> (meeting house). <a href="/wiki/%C4%80raiteuru" title="Āraiteuru">Ārai-te-uru</a> marae in Wakari includes the Ārai-te-uru wharenui. <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ct%C4%81kou_Marae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ōtākou Marae">Ōtākou Marae</a> in <a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Otakou</a> includes the Tamatea wharenui. <a href="/wiki/Huirapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Huirapa">Huirapa / Puketeraki</a> marae in <a href="/wiki/Karit%C4%81ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Karitāne">Karitāne</a> includes the Huirapa wharenui.<sup id="cite_ref-araiteuru_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-araiteuru-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tkmentry_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkmentry-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maorimaps_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maorimaps-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asteroid <a href="/wiki/101461_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="101461 Dunedin">101461 Dunedin</a> discovered by British astronomer <a href="/wiki/Ian_P._Griffin" title="Ian P. Griffin">Ian P. Griffin</a> in 1998, was named in honour of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official <a href="/wiki/Meanings_of_minor_planet_names:_101001%E2%80%93102000#461" title="Meanings of minor planet names: 101001–102000">naming citation</a> was published by the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> on 8 November 2019 (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Circulars" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Planet Circulars">M.P.C.</a> 118220</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-Circulars-Archive_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-Circulars-Archive-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Hall,_Dunedin,_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Town_Hall%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/220px-Town_Hall%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Town_Hall%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/330px-Town_Hall%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Town_Hall%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/440px-Town_Hall%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="3075" /></a><figcaption>The Dunedin Town Hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local">Local</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Local"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a></div> <p>The Dunedin City Council (DCC) governs the Dunedin City territorial authority. It is made up of an elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Dunedin" title="Mayor of Dunedin">mayor</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Jules_Radich" title="Jules Radich">Jules Radich</a>) and fourteen additional councillors elected across three wards, one of whom gets chosen as deputy mayor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coat_of_arms_and_flag">Coat of arms and flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Coat of arms and flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Dunedin City Council </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: ;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_city_coa.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Dunedin_city_coa.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="176" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>The city's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, which were granted in 1947<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">emblazoned</a> as:<sup id="cite_ref-DunedinCoA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunedinCoA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Coronet</dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Mural_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Mural Crown">Mural Crown</a>.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a> above a <a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">Fess</a> <a href="/wiki/Line_(heraldry)#Indented_and_dancetty" title="Line (heraldry)">Dancette</a> <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a>, a Castle Triple-Towered <a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">sable</a> on a Rock issuing from the Fess, Masoned <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a>, with Windows, Vanes and Portcullis <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a>. In the base a Three-Masted <a href="/wiki/Lymphad" title="Lymphad">Lymphad</a> with Sail Furled <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a>, Flagged of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sheep#In_heraldry" title="Sheep">Ram's Head</a> Affrontee Horned <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a> between Two <a href="/wiki/Sheaf_(agriculture)" title="Sheaf (agriculture)">Garbs</a> of the last.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>On the <a href="/wiki/Dexter_and_sinister" title="Dexter and sinister">Dexter</a> a Scotsman Habited with <a href="/wiki/Kilt" title="Kilt">Philabeg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Full_plaid" title="Full plaid">Plaid</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Clan_Cameron" title="Clan Cameron">Clan Cameron</a>, supporting in His Exterior Hand a <a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Cromach</a>; on the <a href="/wiki/Dexter_and_sinister" title="Dexter and sinister">Sinister</a> a <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> Chief attired in <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles#Korowai" title="Māori traditional textiles">Korowai</a>, Two <a href="/wiki/Huia" title="Huia">Huia</a> Feathers in his hair, an Aurei and a <a href="/wiki/Hei_Matau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hei Matau">Hei Matau</a> and in His Exterior hand a <a href="/wiki/Taiaha" title="Taiaha">Taiaha</a>. All Proper.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Maiorum Institutis Utendo</i></span> (By following in the steps of our forefathers)</dd> <dt>Symbolism</dt> <dd>The castle is taken from the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Edinburgh">arms of Edinburgh</a>, while the green fess and garb/animals signify regional agriculture and crops. At the base, the <a href="/wiki/Lymphad" title="Lymphad">lymphad</a>, or ship, alludes to the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> immigrants to the Otago region. The supporters represent the original Māori owners of the land and its Scottish purchasers. All of the elements of the arms are crowned with a <a href="/wiki/Mural_crown" title="Mural crown">mural crown</a>, emblematic of local government. Their motto is: <i>Maiorum Institutis Utendo</i>, or in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <i>By following in the steps of our forefathers</i>.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_City_flag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dunedin_City_flag.png/220px-Dunedin_City_flag.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dunedin_City_flag.png/330px-Dunedin_City_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Dunedin_City_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The flag of the city of Dunedin is a <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a> in white and green and featuring the castle, lymphad, ram's head and wheat sheafs as on the coat of arms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin is covered by two <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates#General_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">general electorates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga" title="Te Tai Tonga">Te Tai Tonga</a>. </p><p>The city in general is a stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a>, having won the Dunedin-based electorate seats continuously since the <a href="/wiki/1978_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1978 New Zealand general election">1978 election</a>. As of the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023 general election</a>, both general electorates are held by the party, with <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a> representing <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Leary" title="Ingrid Leary">Ingrid Leary</a> representing <a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga" title="Te Tai Tonga">Te Tai Tonga</a> (which covers the entire South Island and part of <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> in the North Island) is held by <a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a> and represented by <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scott_Willis_(politician)" title="Scott Willis (politician)">Scott Willis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Patterson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mark Patterson (New Zealand politician)">Mark Patterson</a> are both List MPs from the Taieri electorate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major daily newspaper is the <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>, which is also the country's oldest daily newspaper and part of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Press" title="Allied Press">Allied Press</a> group. Weekly and bi-weekly community newspapers include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Dunedin)" title="The Star (Dunedin)">The Star</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taieri_Herald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taieri Herald (page does not exist)">Taieri Herald</a></i>, the fortnightly street press <i>POINT</i>, and the university student magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Critic_Te_%C4%80rohi" title="Critic Te Ārohi">Critic Te Ārohi</a></i>. </p><p>The city is served by all major national radio and television stations. The city's main terrestrial television and FM radio transmitter sits atop <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cargill" title="Mount Cargill">Mount Cargill</a>, north of the city, while the city's main AM transmitter is located at Highcliff, east of the city centre on the Otago Peninsula. Local radio stations include <a href="/wiki/Radio_Dunedin" title="Radio Dunedin">Radio Dunedin</a>, community station <a href="/wiki/Otago_Access_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Access Radio">Otago Access Radio</a> (formerly Hills AM, then Toroa Radio), and the university radio station, <a href="/wiki/Radio_One_(New_Zealand)" title="Radio One (New Zealand)">Radio One</a>. </p><p>Television broadcasts began in Dunedin on 31 July 1962 with the launch of channel <a href="/wiki/DNTV2" title="DNTV2">DNTV2</a>, the last of the four main centres to receive television. In November 1969, DNTV2 was networked with its counterpart stations in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch to form NZBC TV. In 1975, the NZBC was broken up, with the Wellington and Dunedin studios taking over NZBC TV as <a href="/wiki/TVNZ_1" title="TVNZ 1">Television One</a> (now TVNZ 1) while Auckland and Christchurch studios launched <a href="/wiki/TVNZ_2" title="TVNZ 2">Television Two</a> (now TVNZ 2). </p><p>The city has one local television station called <a href="/wiki/Channel_39_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 39 (New Zealand)">Channel 39</a>, which is owned by Allied Press.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two major television news broadcasters <a href="/wiki/1News" title="1News">1News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/NZME" class="mw-redirect" title="NZME">NZME</a> also have bureaus in Dunedin. In May 2021, Newshub's owner <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_New_Zealand" title="Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand">Discovery New Zealand</a> announced that it would be closing down its Dunedin bureau as part of a restructuring process.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is home to several prominent media-related production companies, notably <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural History New Zealand">Natural History New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taylormade_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylormade Media">Taylormade Media</a>. </p><p>The city was once home to the head offices of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Otago" title="Radio Otago">Radio Otago</a>—now called <a href="/wiki/RadioWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="RadioWorks">RadioWorks</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/MediaWorks_New_Zealand" title="MediaWorks New Zealand">Mediaworks</a>) and based in Auckland. It was also formerly the home to several now-defunct newspapers, prominent among which were the <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Witness" title="Otago Witness">Otago Witness</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Star_(Dunedin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Star (Dunedin)">Evening Star</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin,_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/280px-University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/420px-University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/560px-University_of_Otago_in_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, considered one of the world's most beautiful university campuses<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otago_Boys_School,_Dunedin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Otago_Boys_School%2C_Dunedin.jpg/170px-Otago_Boys_School%2C_Dunedin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Otago_Boys_School%2C_Dunedin.jpg/255px-Otago_Boys_School%2C_Dunedin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Otago_Boys_School%2C_Dunedin.jpg/340px-Otago_Boys_School%2C_Dunedin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Otago Boys' High School</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Otago_Region#Dunedin_City" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in the Otago Region">List of schools in the Otago Region § Dunedin_City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin is home to 12 secondary schools: eight state and four <a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">state-integrated</a>. The oldest secondary school is state-run <a href="/wiki/Otago_Boys%27_High_School" title="Otago Boys' High School">Otago Boys' High School</a>, founded in 1863. Its sister school, <a href="/wiki/Otago_Girls%27_High_School" title="Otago Girls' High School">Otago Girls' High School</a> (1871) is the oldest state girls' secondary school in New Zealand, even though it preceded the state education system by six years. </p><p>Other state schools include <a href="/wiki/Bayfield_High_School,_Dunedin" title="Bayfield High School, Dunedin">Bayfield High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Valley_College" title="Kaikorai Valley College">Kaikorai Valley College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logan_Park_High_School" title="Logan Park High School">Logan Park High School</a>. <a href="/wiki/King%27s_High_School,_Dunedin" title="King's High School, Dunedin">King's High School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_High_School,_Dunedin" title="Queen's High School, Dunedin">Queen's High School</a> are single-sex schools based in <a href="/wiki/St_Clair,_New_Zealand" title="St Clair, New Zealand">St Clair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taieri_College" title="Taieri College">Taieri College</a> in Mosgiel. The four state-integrated schools are <a href="/wiki/Columba_College" title="Columba College">Columba College</a>, a Presbyterian girls' school; <a href="/wiki/St._Hilda%27s_Collegiate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Hilda's Collegiate School">St. Hilda's Collegiate School</a>, an Anglican girls' school; <a href="/wiki/John_McGlashan_College" title="John McGlashan College">John McGlashan College</a>, a Presbyterian boys' school; and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Catholic_College,_Dunedin" title="Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin">Trinity Catholic College</a>, a Catholic coeducational school. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary">Tertiary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Tertiary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago_College_of_Education" title="University of Otago College of Education">Dunedin College of Education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Polytechnic" title="Otago Polytechnic">Otago Polytechnic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure_and_services">Infrastructure and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_health_and_hospitals">Public health and hospitals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Public health and hospitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Hospital" title="Dunedin Hospital">Dunedin Hospital</a> is the main public hospital in Dunedin. Other hospitals include: </p> <ul><li>Mercy Hospital – a private non-profit hospital opened in 1936 and relocated to Maori Hill in 1969<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"><span title="The material preceding this tag may lack sufficient importance. (May 2019)">importance?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakari_Hospital" title="Wakari Hospital">Wakari Hospital</a></li></ul> <p>The Dunedin Hospital and the Wakari Hospital, which are closely related, are operated by <a href="/wiki/Te_Whatu_Ora" title="Te Whatu Ora">Te Whatu Ora</a>. Ambulance services are provided by <a href="/wiki/St_John_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="St John New Zealand">St John New Zealand</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Energy_(New_Zealand)" title="Aurora Energy (New Zealand)">Aurora Energy</a> owns and operates the electricity distribution network servicing the city and the Taieri plains, while OtagoNet Joint Venture owns and operates the electricity distribution network in the rural areas north and west of the city. Electricity is primarily supplied from <a href="/wiki/Transpower_New_Zealand" title="Transpower New Zealand">Transpower</a>'s national grid at two substations: Halfway Bush and South Dunedin, with part to the OtagoNet network also supplied from Transpower's <a href="/wiki/Naseby,_New_Zealand" title="Naseby, New Zealand">Naseby</a> substation in central Otago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dunedin urban area is served by two <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_state_highway_network" title="New Zealand state highway network">state highways</a>, with an additional two state highways and one tourist route serving other parts of the district. The main state highway in Dunedin is <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">State Highway 1</a>, which runs in a north to south-west direction through the middle of the city, connecting Dunedin with Invercargill to the south and Timaru and Christchurch to the north. Between The Oval and Mosgiel, State Highway 1 follows the eleven-kilometre <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Southern_Motorway" title="Dunedin Southern Motorway">Dunedin Southern Motorway</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_88" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 88">State Highway 88</a> connects central Dunedin to the city's port facilities at <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a>. </p><p>Other State Highways in the city are: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_86" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 86">State Highway 86</a> connecting SH 1 at Allanton with Dunedin International Airport, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_87" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 87">State Highway 87</a> connecting SH 1 at Kinmont with <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_85" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 85">SH 85</a> at Kyeburn via Middlemarch, serving the Dunedin city hinterland. </p><p>Dunedin is the northeastern terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Scenic_Route" title="Southern Scenic Route">Southern Scenic Route</a>, a tourist highway connecting Dunedin to Te Anau via <a href="/wiki/The_Catlins" title="The Catlins">The Catlins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiordland" title="Fiordland">Fiordland</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedinbussy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dunedinbussy.jpg/220px-Dunedinbussy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dunedinbussy.jpg/330px-Dunedinbussy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dunedinbussy.jpg/440px-Dunedinbussy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Orbus in Dunedin.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buses_in_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Buses in Dunedin">Buses in Dunedin</a></div> <p>Buses in Dunedin are organised by the Otago Regional Council. A total of 64 buses operate on 17 weekday routes and 13 weeknight/weekend/holiday routes across the city. Buses are run by two operators, Ritchies Transport with three routes and Go Bus Transport with the remainder. Dunedin City Council-owned operator <a href="/wiki/Citibus_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Citibus (New Zealand)">Citibus</a> was a major player until 2011 when Passenger Transport (New Zealand) purchased Citibus from Dunedin City Holdings, and both companies were subsequently bought by Go Bus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Railway Station">Dunedin Railway Station</a>, located east of the Octagon, is the city's main railway station. Once the nation's busiest, the decline in rail over the years saw the withdrawal of most services. Suburban services ceased in 1982, and the last regular commercial passenger train to serve Dunedin, <a href="/wiki/Southerner_(New_Zealand_train)" title="Southerner (New Zealand train)">The Southerner</a>, was cancelled in February 2002. The <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Gorge_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Gorge Railway">Taieri Gorge Railway</a> now operates tourist-oriented services from the station, the most prominent of which is the Taieri Gorge Limited, which operates daily along the former <a href="/wiki/Otago_Central_Railway" title="Otago Central Railway">Otago Central Railway</a> through the scenic <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Gorge" title="Taieri Gorge">Taieri Gorge</a>. Taieri Gorge Railway also operates to <a href="/wiki/Palmerston,_New_Zealand" title="Palmerston, New Zealand">Palmerston</a> once weekly. The station is also sometimes visited by excursions organised by other <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railway</a> societies, and by trains chartered by <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a> docking at Port Chalmers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg/220px-Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg/330px-Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg/440px-Dunedin_International_Airport3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin International Airport">Dunedin International Airport</a> – an Air New Zealand 737 lands on the runway while an Air New Zealand A320 waits on the taxiway</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin International Airport">Dunedin International Airport</a> is located 22 km (13.67 mi) southwest of the city, on the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Plains">Taieri Plains</a> at <a href="/wiki/Momona" title="Momona">Momona</a>. The airport operates a single terminal and 1,900-metre (6,200 ft) runway, and is the third-busiest airport in the South Island, after Christchurch and Queenstown. It is primarily used for domestic flights, with regular flights to and from <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and charter flights to and from <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C4%81naka" title="Wānaka">Wānaka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a>, but it also has international flights arriving from and departing to <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> year round. In recent years, a decline in international passengers can be attributed to fewer international flights operating direct to the airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a ferry operates between <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portobello,_New_Zealand" title="Portobello, New Zealand">Portobello</a> it started in 2018 and is the first since the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasional calls have been made to revive them, and a non-profit organisation, Otago Ferries Inc., has been set up to examine the logistics of restoring one of the original ferries and again using it for this route.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1866, plans were made for a bridge across the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a> between Port Chalmers and Portobello,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayward199865_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward199865-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this grand scheme for an 1140-metre structure never eventuated. Plans were also mooted during the 1870s for a canal between the Pacific coast at <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomahawk, New Zealand">Tomahawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andersons_Bay" title="Andersons Bay">Andersons Bay</a>, close to the head of the harbour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayward199866_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward199866-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This scheme also never came to fruition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panoramas">Panoramas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Panoramas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="180° view of Dunedin shot from the hills on the west. Mount Cargill is at the extreme left of picture, and the Otago Peninsula is beyond the harbour to the centre"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dunedin_Panorama.jpg/800px-Dunedin_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dunedin_Panorama.jpg/1200px-Dunedin_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dunedin_Panorama.jpg/1600px-Dunedin_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Dunedin Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>180° view of Dunedin shot from the hills on the west. Mount Cargill is at the extreme left of picture, and the Otago Peninsula is beyond the harbour to the centre</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Cargill_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panorama from just east of the summit of Mount Cargill. The harbour runs from its entrance near the centre to the city centre on the right, the peninsula beyond. The base of a television mast is at the extreme left and right edges"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mount_Cargill_2.jpg/800px-Mount_Cargill_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mount_Cargill_2.jpg/1200px-Mount_Cargill_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mount_Cargill_2.jpg/1600px-Mount_Cargill_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15547" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Cargill_2.jpg" title="File:Mount Cargill 2.jpg"> </a></div>A panorama from just east of the summit of Mount Cargill. The harbour runs from its entrance near the centre to the city centre on the right, the peninsula beyond. The base of a television mast is at the extreme left and right edges</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Cargill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The view from the summit of Mount Cargill. The base of a television mast can be seen on the left, with the harbour and the peninsula beyond. The city centre is in the middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mount_Cargill.jpg/800px-Mount_Cargill.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mount_Cargill.jpg/1200px-Mount_Cargill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Mount_Cargill.jpg/1600px-Mount_Cargill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15537" data-file-height="1726" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Cargill.jpg" title="File:Mount Cargill.jpg"> </a></div>The view from the summit of Mount Cargill. The base of a television mast can be seen on the left, with the harbour and the peninsula beyond. The city centre is in the middle</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagstaff_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The view from the summit of Flagstaff. The city centre is on the right, and Mosgiel on the left. Mount Cargill is slightly right of centre"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flagstaff_Hill.jpg/800px-Flagstaff_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flagstaff_Hill.jpg/1200px-Flagstaff_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flagstaff_Hill.jpg/1600px-Flagstaff_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15640" data-file-height="1584" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagstaff_Hill.jpg" title="File:Flagstaff Hill.jpg"> </a></div>The view from the summit of Flagstaff. The city centre is on the right, and Mosgiel on the left. Mount Cargill is slightly right of centre</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The view from the summit of Signal Hill. Dunedin CBD is in the centre of the image. The Otago Peninsula stretches out to the left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg/800px-Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg/1200px-Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg/1600px-Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8783" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunedin_pano_from_signal_hill.jpg" title="File:Dunedin pano from signal hill.jpg"> </a></div>The view from the summit of Signal Hill. Dunedin CBD is in the centre of the image. The Otago Peninsula stretches out to the left</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_events">Annual events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Annual events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January – <a href="/wiki/Whare_Flat_Folk_Festival" title="Whare Flat Folk Festival">Whare Flat Folk Festival</a> ends</li> <li>February – <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_Masters_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Zealand Masters Games (page does not exist)">New Zealand Masters Games</a> (Biennial event)</li> <li>February – Otago University Students' Association & Otago Polytechnic <a href="/wiki/Student_orientation" title="Student orientation">Orientation</a> Weeks</li> <li>February – Dunedin Summer Festival</li> <li>March – <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Fringe_Festival" title="Dunedin Fringe Festival">Dunedin Fringe Festival</a></li> <li>March/April – <a href="/wiki/ID_Dunedin_Fashion_Week" title="ID Dunedin Fashion Week">iD Dunedin Fashion Week</a></li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/Capping_week" title="Capping week">Capping week</a> (University of Otago) including the <a href="/wiki/Capping_Show" title="Capping Show">Capping Show</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/Otago_University_Students%27_Association" title="Otago University Students' Association">Otago University Students' Association</a></li> <li>May – International Rally of Otago</li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival" title="Dunedin Writers & Readers Festival">Dunedin Writers & Readers Festival</a></li> <li>May – <a href="/wiki/Regent_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Regent Theatre, Dunedin">Regent Theatre 24-hour book sale</a> (reputedly the southern hemisphere's largest regularly held <a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">second-hand book</a> sale)<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June – Dunedin Midwinter Carnival</li> <li>June – St. Clair <a href="/wiki/Polar_plunge" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar plunge">Polar Plunge</a></li> <li>July – <a href="/wiki/Student_orientation" title="Student orientation">University Reorientation</a></li> <li>July – New Zealand International Science Festival (every second year)</li> <li>July – Taste Otago Dunedin Food and Wine Festival</li> <li>July – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_International_Film_Festivals#International_Film_Festival,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand International Film Festivals">Dunedin International Film Festival</a></li> <li>September – Dunedin City Marathon</li> <li>September – Dunedin Beer Festival</li> <li>October – Dunedin Arts Festival – every second year (even numbered years)</li> <li>October – <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Botanic_Garden" title="Dunedin Botanic Garden">Rhododendron Week</a></li> <li>December – Samstock Music Festival</li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/Santa_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Parade">Santa Parade</a></li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/Whare_Flat_Folk_Festival" title="Whare Flat Folk Festival">Whare Flat Folk Festival</a> begins</li> <li>December – New Year's Eve Party Octagon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_events">Past events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Past events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1865 – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Exhibition" title="New Zealand Exhibition">New Zealand Exhibition</a></li> <li>1889 – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_South_Seas_Exhibition_(1889)" title="New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition (1889)">New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition (1889)</a></li> <li>1898 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago_Jubilee_Industrial_Exhibition_(1898)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otago Jubilee Industrial Exhibition (1898) (page does not exist)">Otago Jubilee Industrial Exhibition (1898)</a></li> <li>1925 – <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_South_Seas_International_Exhibition_(1925)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition (1925)">New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition (1925)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Railway Station">Dunedin Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Town_Hall" title="Dunedin Town Hall">Dunedin Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larnach_Castle" title="Larnach Castle">Larnach Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargill%27s_Castle" title="Cargill's Castle">Cargill's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_places_in_Dunedin" title="List of historic places in Dunedin">List of historic places in Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olveston_(house)" title="Olveston (house)">Olveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speight%27s" title="Speight's">Speight's Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago_Registry_Building" title="University of Otago Registry Building">University of Otago Registry Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago_Clocktower_complex" title="University of Otago Clocktower complex">University of Otago Clocktower complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Regent Theatre, Dunedin">Regent Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Theatre_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune Theatre (New Zealand)">Fortune Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Hospital" title="Dunedin Hospital">Dunedin Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Dunedin" title="The Octagon, Dunedin">The Octagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokonui_Ecosanctuary" title="Orokonui Ecosanctuary">Orokonui Ecosanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Albatross_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Albatross Centre (page does not exist)">Royal Albatross Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Clair Beach">St. Clair Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium" title="Forsyth Barr Stadium">Forsyth Barr Stadium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums,_art_galleries,_and_libraries"><span id="Museums.2C_art_galleries.2C_and_libraries"></span>Museums, art galleries, and libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Museums, art galleries, and libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Museum">Otago Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toit%C5%AB_Otago_Settlers_Museum" title="Toitū Otago Settlers Museum">Toitū Otago Settlers Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Art_Gallery" title="Dunedin Public Art Gallery">Dunedin Public Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Libraries" title="Dunedin Public Libraries">Dunedin Public Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocken_Collections" title="Hocken Collections">Hocken Collections</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Dunedin" title="All Saints' Church, Dunedin">All Saints' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lawson_(architect)#First_Church,_Dunedin_1862" title="Robert Lawson (architect)">First Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Street_Baptist_Church,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover Street Baptist Church, Dunedin">Hanover Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Presbyterian_Church" title="Kaikorai Presbyterian Church">Kaikorai Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_Church,_Dunedin" title="Knox Church, Dunedin">Knox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Antiochian_Orthodox_Church" title="St Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church">St Michael's Antiochian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_Church,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Matthew's Church, Dunedin">St. Matthew's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Cathedral, Dunedin">St. Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li>Trinity Wesleyan Church – now the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Theatre_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune Theatre (New Zealand)">Fortune Theatre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Botanic Gardens">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Chinese_Garden" title="Dunedin Chinese Garden">Dunedin Chinese Garden</a></li> <li>Woodhaugh Gardens</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dunedin is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with several cities throughout the world. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (1974)<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_twinning_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_twinning-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaru,_Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Otaru, Hokkaidō">Otaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiribeshi_Subprefecture" title="Shiribeshi Subprefecture">Shiribeshi Subprefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, Japan (1980)<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, United States of America (1962)<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Study">Dunedin Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Dunedin" title="List of people from Dunedin">List of people from Dunedin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The description of Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin as the four main centres neatly divides the country geographically into northern and southern halves of each of the two main islands. These centres are thus described in a wide range of fields, from encyclopedias of New Zealand<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to scientific research institutes,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the tourism industry<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to nationwide organisations<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and government departments,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the entertainment industry<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to newspaper reports.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/fashion/2277129/Southern-style">"Southern style"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. 19 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023135134/http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/fashion/2277129/Southern-style">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Southern+style&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Flife-style%2Ffashion%2F2277129%2FSouthern-style&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZHerald10569715-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZHerald10569715_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10569715">"Supersport's Good Week / Bad Week: An unhappy spectator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 1 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406102339/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10569715">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Supersport%27s+Good+Week+%2F+Bad+Week%3A+An+unhappy+spectator&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsport%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D4%26objectid%3D10569715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DunedinCoA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DunedinCoA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DunedinCoA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/23508/civic-coats-of-arms">https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/23508/civic-coats-of-arms</a> Te Ara, The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 'Civic coats of arms'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-settled-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-settled_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-settled_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwinWalrond,_Carl2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Irwin, Geoff; Walrond, Carl (4 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/when-was-new-zealand-first-settled/1">"When was New Zealand first settled? – The date debate"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100524045444/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/when-was-new-zealand-first-settled/1">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+was+New+Zealand+first+settled%3F+%E2%80%93+The+date+debate&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2009-03-04&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Walrond%2C+Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fwhen-was-new-zealand-first-settled%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1983_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1983">Anderson 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051205234340/http://www.cityofdunedin.com/city/?page=archives_townbrd1">Dunedin Town Board</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayor-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mayor_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/councillors/mayor-dave-cull">"Mayor Dave Cull"</a>. Dunedin City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221201/http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/councillors/mayor-dave-cull">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Dave+Cull&rft.pub=Dunedin+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.govt.nz%2Fyour-council%2Fcouncillors%2Fmayor-dave-cull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Area_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Area_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787">"ArcGIS Web Application"</a>. <i>statsnz.maps.arcgis.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com&rft.atitle=ArcGIS+Web+Application&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatsnz.maps.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2Fwebappviewer%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/">"Aotearoa Data Explorer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181107224835/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/dunedin">"Dunedin"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/OxfordDictionaries.com" class="mw-redirect" title="OxfordDictionaries.com">OxfordDictionaries.com</a></i>, Oxford University Press, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/dunedin">the original</a> on 7 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OxfordDictionaries.com&rft.atitle=Dunedin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fdunedin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeversonKennedy2005" class="citation web cs1">Deverson, Tony; Kennedy, Graeme, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0015803">"Dunedin"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195584516.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558451-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558451-6"><bdi>978-0-19-558451-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106155131/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0015803">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Oxford+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Dunedin&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195584516.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-558451-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195584516.001.0001%2Fm-en_nz-msdict-00001-0015803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/people-places/dunedin-edinburgh-of-the-south-1-2240765">Dunedin: Edinburgh of the south</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233112/http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/people-places/dunedin-edinburgh-of-the-south-1-2240765">Archived</a> 16 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i>, 18 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradshaw2022" class="citation web cs1">Bradshaw, Alex (15 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/programmes/giants/story/2018847343/episode-1-the-chinese-community-of-dunedin-giants">"The Chinese community of Dunedin – GIANTS"</a>. Radio New Zealand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+community+of+Dunedin+%E2%80%93+GIANTS&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.aulast=Bradshaw&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fprogrammes%2Fgiants%2Fstory%2F2018847343%2Fepisode-1-the-chinese-community-of-dunedin-giants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_ThornsBen_Schrader2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Thorns" title="David Thorns">David Thorns</a>; Ben Schrader (11 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/city-history-and-people/page-3">"City history and people — Towns to cities"</a>. <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119132529/https://teara.govt.nz/en/city-history-and-people/page-3">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=City+history+and+people+%E2%80%94+Towns+to+cities&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft.au=David+Thorns&rft.au=Ben+Schrader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcity-history-and-people%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/climate/publications/all/cs/monthly/mclimsum_03_09">"September 2003"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Water_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research</a>. 28 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105172124/http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/climate/publications/all/cs/monthly/mclimsum_03_09">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=September+2003&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Water+and+Atmospheric+Research&rft.date=2007-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niwa.co.nz%2Four-science%2Fclimate%2Fpublications%2Fall%2Fcs%2Fmonthly%2Fmclimsum_03_09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedin.nz.com/">"Dunedin"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525205021/http://www.dunedin.nz.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dunedin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.nz.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014121113/http://www.plunket.org.nz/about-us/our-history">"Our history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plunket_Society" title="Plunket Society">Plunket Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plunket.org.nz/about-us/our-history/">the original</a> on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+history&rft.pub=Plunket+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plunket.org.nz%2Fabout-us%2Four-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127163516/http://police.govt.nz/service/yes/history.html">"Youth Education Service history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Police" title="New Zealand Police">New Zealand Police</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.police.govt.nz/service/yes/history.html">the original</a> on 27 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Youth+Education+Service+history&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fservice%2Fyes%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannister" class="citation web cs1">Bannister, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undertheradar.co.nz/utr/article/UAID/3/Flying-Nun-History-1980-1995.utr">"Flying Nun History 1980–1995"</a>. <i>undertheradar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014163959/http://www.undertheradar.co.nz/utr/article/UAID/3/Flying-Nun-History-1980-1995.utr">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=undertheradar.com&rft.atitle=Flying+Nun+History+1980%E2%80%931995&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undertheradar.co.nz%2Futr%2Farticle%2FUAID%2F3%2FFlying-Nun-History-1980-1995.utr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson2008" class="citation news cs1">Benson, Nigel (29 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odt.co.nz/entertainment/music/33827/dunedin-jazz-stalwart-full-swing">"Dunedin jazz stalwart in full swing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017052310/http://www.odt.co.nz/entertainment/music/33827/dunedin-jazz-stalwart-full-swing">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Dunedin+jazz+stalwart+in+full+swing&rft.date=2008-11-29&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F33827%2Fdunedin-jazz-stalwart-full-swing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_McKinnon2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Malcolm McKinnon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-5">"Otago region — The Otago settlement"</a>. <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615034959/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-5">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%94+The+Otago+settlement&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Malcolm+McKinnon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.TeAra.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonga" class="citation web cs1">Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/chinese">"Chinese"</a>. <i>teara.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teara.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Chinese&rft.aulast=Taonga&rft.aufirst=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fchinese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-a-place.aspx?request_value=15022&tabname=Income">"2013 Census QuickStats about a place: Dunedin City"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208032714/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-a-place.aspx?request_value=15022&tabname=Income">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Census+QuickStats+about+a+place%3A+Dunedin+City&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2FCensus%2F2013-census%2Fprofile-and-summary-reports%2Fquickstats-about-a-place.aspx%3Frequest_value%3D15022%26tabname%3DIncome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/jan/28/flying-nun-records-10-of-the-best-songs-of-the-dunedin-sound">"Flying Nun Records: 10 of the best songs of the Dunedin sound"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 27 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Flying+Nun+Records%3A+10+of+the+best+songs+of+the+Dunedin+sound&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2017%2Fjan%2F28%2Fflying-nun-records-10-of-the-best-songs-of-the-dunedin-sound&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/creativity/creative-cities-network/">"28 cities join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015134715/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/creativity/creative-cities-network">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=28+cities+join+the+UNESCO+Creative+Cities+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fthemes%2Fcreativity%2Fcreative-cities-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamel2001-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamel2001_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamel2001_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamel2001">Hamel 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersonAllinghamSmith1996_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndersonAllinghamSmith1996">Anderson, Allingham & Smith 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1998_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1998">Anderson 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turton, Hanson "Introductory" in <a href="#CITEREFBathgate1890">Bathgate 1890</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle2005_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEntwisle2005">Entwisle 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1949_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLintock1949">McLintock 1949</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeggBegg1979-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeggBegg1979_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeggBegg1979">Begg & Begg 1979</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole1955–1967-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole1955–1967_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaglehole1955–1967">Beaglehole 1955–1967</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1998-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1998_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEntwisle1998">Entwisle 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne" class="citation web cs1">Byrne, T. B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/DNZB/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=1W33">"Wing, Thomas 1810–1888"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018041505/https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1w33/wing-thomas">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2009</span>. <q>Wing made several voyages to New Zealand between 1842 and 1852. In early 1844 he sailed from Nelson on the Deborah with the New Zealand Company's survey party to find a suitable site for the settlement of New Edinburgh (Dunedin).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wing%2C+Thomas+1810%E2%80%931888&rft.pub=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=T.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnzb.govt.nz%2FDNZB%2Falt_essayBody.asp%3FessayID%3D1W33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomerville" class="citation web cs1">Somerville, Ross. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/DNZB/alt_essayBody.asp?essayID=1T108">"Tuckett, Frederick 1807? – 1876"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018041448/https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1t108/tuckett-frederick">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuckett%2C+Frederick+1807%3F+%E2%80%93+1876&rft.pub=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.aulast=Somerville&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnzb.govt.nz%2FDNZB%2Falt_essayBody.asp%3FessayID%3D1T108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymcox2014" class="citation news cs1">Symcox, Jonathan (28 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/royal-tour-2014-kate-middleton-3278508">"Royal tour 2014: Kate Middleton and Prince William to visit Dunedin – profile of New Zealand city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140615145404/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/royal-tour-2014-kate-middleton-3278508">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>. <q>Incidentally, the site which would become Christchurch was turned down for the settlement by Frederick Tuckett, a representative of the New Zealand Company, as he felt the ground around the Avon river was swampy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=Royal+tour+2014%3A+Kate+Middleton+and+Prince+William+to+visit+Dunedin+%E2%80%93+profile+of+New+Zealand+city&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft.aulast=Symcox&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-news%2Froyal-tour-2014-kate-middleton-3278508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campsie-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campsie_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campsie_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampsie2017" class="citation news cs1">Campsie, Alison (21 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/the-scottish-origins-of-new-zealand-city-dunedin-1-4398573">"The Scottish origins of New Zealand city Dunedin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702031815/http://www.scotsman.com/news/the-scottish-origins-of-new-zealand-city-dunedin-1-4398573">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=The+Scottish+origins+of+New+Zealand+city+Dunedin&rft.date=2017-03-21&rft.aulast=Campsie&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-scottish-origins-of-new-zealand-city-dunedin-1-4398573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHocken1898-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHocken1898_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHocken1898">Hocken 1898</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDonald1965_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDonald1965">McDonald 1965</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetteridge2004" class="citation web cs1">Betteridge, Chris (28 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041123173155/http://www.historic.org.nz/aboutus/OtagoBranch/gfx/Lawson%20Lecture%202004.pdf">"Landscapes of Memory – breathing new life into old cemeteries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NZ Historic Places Trust</i>. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic.org.nz/aboutus/OtagoBranch/gfx/Lawson%20Lecture%202004.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Historic+Places+Trust&rft.atitle=Landscapes+of+Memory+%E2%80%93+breathing+new+life+into+old+cemeteries&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2004-07-28&rft.aulast=Betteridge&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic.org.nz%2Faboutus%2FOtagoBranch%2Fgfx%2FLawson%2520Lecture%25202004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trsfr-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trsfr_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT18730621.2.15.2">Notice. <i>Otago Daily Times</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130143501/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT18730621.2.15.2">Archived</a> 30 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 21 June 1873 Page 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrell1969-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrell1969_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrell1969">Morrell 1969</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2003" class="citation book cs1">King, Michael (2003). <i>The Penguin History of New Zealand</i>. New Zealand: Penguin. p. 209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.place=New+Zealand&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1951-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLintock1951_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLintock1951">McLintock 1951</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisle1984_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEntwisle1984">Entwisle 1984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsEntwisle1986-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsEntwisle1986_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollinsEntwisle1986">Collins & Entwisle 1986</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1954-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1954_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCormick1954">McCormick 1954</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEntwisleDunnCollins1988-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEntwisleDunnCollins1988_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEntwisleDunnCollins1988">Entwisle, Dunn & Collins 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2005-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2005_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2005">Dunn 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1959-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCormick1959_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCormick1959">McCormick 1959</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuker2001" class="citation book cs1">Shuker, Roy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PRavFA8l2FQC&q=The+Dunedin+Sound%22+1960s+music&pg=PA210"><i>Understanding popular music</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415235099" title="Special:BookSources/9780415235099"><bdi>9780415235099</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018041452/https://books.google.com/books?id=PRavFA8l2FQC&q=The+Dunedin+Sound%22+1960s+music&pg=PA210">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+popular+music&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780415235099&rft.aulast=Shuker&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPRavFA8l2FQC%26q%3DThe%2BDunedin%2BSound%2522%2B1960s%2Bmusic%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage_buildings-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heritage_buildings_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020131173317/http://www.cityofdunedin.com/city/?page=feat_heritagehousing">Dunedin City council page</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38568889">"Where is England's steepest residential street?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213023317/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38568889">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Where+is+England%27s+steepest+residential+street%3F&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-38568889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thread-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thread_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040103042805/http://www.thread.co.nz/article/723">Thread fashion magazine article</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fashionherald-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fashionherald_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaer2008" class="citation news cs1">Schaer, Cathrin (3 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/category/story.cfm?c_id=151&objectid=10495751">"Rain fails to dampen Dunedin's fashion parade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. APN Holdings.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Rain+fails+to+dampen+Dunedin%27s+fashion+parade&rft.date=2008-03-03&rft.aulast=Schaer&rft.aufirst=Cathrin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fcategory%2Fstory.cfm%3Fc_id%3D151%26objectid%3D10495751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/water-in-two-tiny-nz-towns-has-toxic-levels-of-lead-locals-werent-warned-for-a-month-because-staffer-was-on-holiday/4JZAK6BKNJJGXLINNM2ZYCVK34/">"Water in two tiny NZ towns has toxic levels of lead. Locals weren't warned for a month because staffer was on holiday"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 5 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205074855/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/water-in-two-tiny-nz-towns-has-toxic-levels-of-lead-locals-werent-warned-for-a-month-because-staffer-was-on-holiday/4JZAK6BKNJJGXLINNM2ZYCVK34/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Water+in+two+tiny+NZ+towns+has+toxic+levels+of+lead.+Locals+weren%27t+warned+for+a+month+because+staffer+was+on+holiday&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fwater-in-two-tiny-nz-towns-has-toxic-levels-of-lead-locals-werent-warned-for-a-month-because-staffer-was-on-holiday%2F4JZAK6BKNJJGXLINNM2ZYCVK34%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElder2021" class="citation news cs1">Elder, Vaughan (4 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/residents-offered-blood-tests-lead">"Lead in water found at 40 times acceptable level"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205080324/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/residents-offered-blood-tests-lead">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Lead+in+water+found+at+40+times+acceptable+level&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=Vaughan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Fresidents-offered-blood-tests-lead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/435959/dunedin-city-council-providing-free-fruit-and-veg-as-lead-water-scare-continues">"Dunedin City Council providing free fruit and veg as lead water scare continues"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 9 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207043724/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/435959/dunedin-city-council-providing-free-fruit-and-veg-as-lead-water-scare-continues">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Dunedin+City+Council+providing+free+fruit+and+veg+as+lead+water+scare+continues&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F435959%2Fdunedin-city-council-providing-free-fruit-and-veg-as-lead-water-scare-continues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312004219/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/lead-scare-long-term-health-problems-unlikely">"Lead scare: Long-term health problems 'unlikely'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>. 10 March 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/lead-scare-long-term-health-problems-unlikely">the original</a> on 12 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Lead+scare%3A+Long-term+health+problems+%27unlikely%27&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Flead-scare-long-term-health-problems-unlikely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130180808/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/507992/dunedin-prepares-for-10-percent-population-increase-over-next-30-years">"Dunedin prepares for 10% population increase over next 30 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 31 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/507992/dunedin-prepares-for-10-percent-population-increase-over-next-30-years">the original</a> on 30 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Dunedin+prepares+for+10%25+population+increase+over+next+30+years&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F507992%2Fdunedin-prepares-for-10-percent-population-increase-over-next-30-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/dunedin-city">"Dunedin City"</a>. An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915042505/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/dunedin-city">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dunedin+City&rft.pub=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fdunedin-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsKean1974" class="citation journal cs1">Adams, R. D.; Kean, R. J. (30 September 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230">"The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April 1974: Part 1: seismological studies"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering</i>. <b>7</b> (3): 115–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5459%2Fbnzsee.7.3.115-122">10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.115-122</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2324-1543">2324-1543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+New+Zealand+Society+for+Earthquake+Engineering&rft.atitle=The+Dunedin+earthquake%2C+9+April+1974%3A+Part+1%3A+seismological+studies&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=115-122&rft.date=1974-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5459%2Fbnzsee.7.3.115-122&rft.issn=2324-1543&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rft.au=Kean%2C+R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulletin.nzsee.org.nz%2Findex.php%2Fbnzsee%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop1974" class="citation journal cs1">Bishop, D. G. (30 September 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1231">"The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April, 1974: Part 2: local effects"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering</i>. <b>7</b> (3): 123–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5459%2Fbnzsee.7.3.123-129">10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.123-129</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2324-1543">2324-1543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+New+Zealand+Society+for+Earthquake+Engineering&rft.atitle=The+Dunedin+earthquake%2C+9+April%2C+1974%3A+Part+2%3A+local+effects&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=123-129&rft.date=1974-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5459%2Fbnzsee.7.3.123-129&rft.issn=2324-1543&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=D.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulletin.nzsee.org.nz%2Findex.php%2Fbnzsee%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlewood2024" class="citation web cs1">Littlewood, Matthew (8 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/information-event-commemorate-earthquake">"Information event to commemorate earthquake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Information+event+to+commemorate+earthquake&rft.date=2024-04-08&rft.aulast=Littlewood&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Finformation-event-commemorate-earthquake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030526004153/http://www.cityofdunedin.com/city/?page=roading_steep_street">"Steepest Streets in Dunedin"</a>. Dunedin City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofdunedin.com/city/?page=roading_steep_street">the original</a> on 26 May 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steepest+Streets+in+Dunedin&rft.pub=Dunedin+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofdunedin.com%2Fcity%2F%3Fpage%3Droading_steep_street&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDannPeat1989_69-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDannPeat1989">Dann & Peat 1989</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBishopHamel1993-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBishopHamel1993_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBishopHamel1993">Bishop & Hamel 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert1988" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, M., ed. (1988). "Long-term average, 1951–1980". <i>Air New Zealand almanac</i>. Wellington, NZ: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Press_Association" title="New Zealand Press Association">New Zealand Press Association</a>. pp. 394–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Long-term+average%2C+1951%E2%80%931980&rft.btitle=Air+New+Zealand+almanac&rft.place=Wellington%2C+NZ&rft.pages=394-95&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Press+Association&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1959" class="citation book cs1">McLintock, A. H., ed. (1959). "Map 8". <i>A Descriptive Atlas of New Zealand</i>. New Zealand Government Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Map+8&rft.btitle=A+Descriptive+Atlas+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Government+Printer&rft.date=1959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIWA_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240520001949/https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities">"Climate data and activities"</a>. NIWA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities">the original</a> on 20 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+data+and+activities&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fniwa.co.nz%2Fclimate-and-weather%2Fclimate-data-and-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA2-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIWA2_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">"CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 5402, 15752)"</a>. NIWA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CliFlo+-The+National+Climate+Database+%28Agent+numbers%3A+5402%2C+15752%29&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcliflo.niwa.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA3-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIWA3_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">"CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers:5397, 7339)"</a>. NIWA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CliFlo+-The+National+Climate+Database+%28Agent+numbers%3A5397%2C+7339%29&rft.pub=NIWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcliflo.niwa.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2018-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2018_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/statistical-area-1-dataset-for-2018-census-updated-march-2020">"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Dunedin City (071).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+area+1+dataset+for+2018+Census&rft.pages=Dunedin+City+%28071%29&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2Fstatistical-area-1-dataset-for-2018-census-updated-march-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-place-summaries/dunedin-city">2018 Census place summary: Dunedin City</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_008&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.071.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to%5bTIME%5d=false&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly%5bcl%5d=CEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Dunedin City (071)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Dunedin+City+%28071%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.071.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_005&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.071.2023&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.071.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023_UA-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_UA_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_008&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.2233.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to%5bTIME%5d=false&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly%5bcl%5d=CEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Dunedin (2233)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Dunedin+%282233%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.2233.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_005&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.2233.2023&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.2233.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofliterature.co.nz/blog/dunedin-thrilled-to-be-unesco-city-of-literature/">"Dunedin Thrilled to be UNESCO City of Literature"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113124411/http://www.cityofliterature.co.nz/blog/dunedin-thrilled-to-be-unesco-city-of-literature/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dunedin+Thrilled+to+be+UNESCO+City+of+Literature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofliterature.co.nz%2Fblog%2Fdunedin-thrilled-to-be-unesco-city-of-literature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheroux1992" class="citation book cs1">Theroux, Paul (1992). <i>The Happy Isles of Oceania Paddling the Pacific</i>. New York: Mariner Books. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Happy+Isles+of+Oceania+Paddling+the+Pacific&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Theroux&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2019" class="citation book cs1">Connolly, Billy (2019). <i>Tall Tales and Wee Stories</i>. Great Britain: Two Roads. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tall+Tales+and+Wee+Stories&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Two+Roads&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Billy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalin1997" class="citation book cs1">Palin, Michael (1997). <i>Full Circle</i>. Great Britain: BBC. p. 209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Full+Circle&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Palin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunliffe2010" class="citation web cs1">Cunliffe, Simon (17 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/opinion/mark-twain-rabbits-and-matters-race">"Mark Twain, rabbits and matters of race"</a>. <i>Otago Daily Times Online News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times+Online+News&rft.atitle=Mark+Twain%2C+rabbits+and+matters+of+race&rft.date=2010-03-17&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fopinion%2Fmark-twain-rabbits-and-matters-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/jan/28/flying-nun-records-10-of-the-best-songs-of-the-dunedin-sound">"Flying Nun Records: 10 of the best songs of the Dunedin sound"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 27 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617235617/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/jan/28/flying-nun-records-10-of-the-best-songs-of-the-dunedin-sound">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Flying+Nun+Records%3A+10+of+the+best+songs+of+the+Dunedin+sound&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2017%2Fjan%2F28%2Fflying-nun-records-10-of-the-best-songs-of-the-dunedin-sound&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb2018" class="citation web cs1">Gibb, John (26 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/upcoming-chills-exhibition-collaborative-effort">"Upcoming Chills exhibition a collaborative effort"</a>. <i>Otago Daily Times Online News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727033712/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/upcoming-chills-exhibition-collaborative-effort">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times+Online+News&rft.atitle=Upcoming+Chills+exhibition+a+collaborative+effort&rft.date=2018-05-26&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Fupcoming-chills-exhibition-collaborative-effort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoughrey2018" class="citation web cs1">Loughrey, David (1 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/fortune-theatre-closes">"Fortune Theatre closes"</a>. <i>Otago Daily Times Online News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093543/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/fortune-theatre-closes">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times+Online+News&rft.atitle=Fortune+Theatre+closes&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Loughrey&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Ffortune-theatre-closes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-araiteuru-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-araiteuru_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614071905/http://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/venue/arai-te-uru-marae/">"Arai te Uru"</a>. <i>ngatitahu.iwi.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/venue/arai-te-uru-marae/">the original</a> on 14 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ngatitahu.iwi.nz&rft.atitle=Arai+te+Uru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngaitahu.iwi.nz%2Fvenue%2Farai-te-uru-marae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tkmentry-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tkmentry_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tkm.govt.nz/">"Te Kāhui Māngai directory"</a>. <i>tkm.govt.nz</i>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Puni_K%C5%8Dkiri" title="Te Puni Kōkiri">Te Puni Kōkiri</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622050742/http://tkm.govt.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tkm.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Te+K%C4%81hui+M%C4%81ngai+directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tkm.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maorimaps-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maorimaps_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maorimaps.com/map">"Māori Maps"</a>. <i>maorimaps.com</i>. Te Potiki National Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127145329/https://www.maorimaps.com/map">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maorimaps.com&rft.atitle=M%C4%81ori+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaorimaps.com%2Fmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-object-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=101461">"(101461) Dunedin"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018041441/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=101461">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=%28101461%29+Dunedin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D101461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-Circulars-Archive-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPC-Circulars-Archive_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html">"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007190852/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=MPC%2FMPO%2FMPS+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fiau%2FECS%2FMPCArchive%2FMPCArchive_TBL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614130623/http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/dunedin-history/dcc-history/coat-of-arms">"Coat of Arms of Dunedin City"</a>. <i>Dunedin City Council</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/dunedin-history/dcc-history/coat-of-arms">the original</a> on 14 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunedin+City+Council&rft.atitle=Coat+of+Arms+of+Dunedin+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.govt.nz%2Fyour-council%2Fdunedin-history%2Fdcc-history%2Fcoat-of-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAvinue" class="citation news cs1">McAvinue, Shawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/channel-9-going-digital-next-week">"Channel 9 going digital next week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210523031223/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/channel-9-going-digital-next-week">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Channel+9+going+digital+next+week&rft.aulast=McAvinue&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Fchannel-9-going-digital-next-week&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacock2021" class="citation news cs1">Peacock, Colin (16 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/mediawatch/audio/2018795483/shocking-news-reveals-southern-reporting-cutbacks">"Shocking news reveals southern reporting cutbacks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516113015/https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/mediawatch/audio/2018795483/shocking-news-reveals-southern-reporting-cutbacks">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Shocking+news+reveals+southern+reporting+cutbacks&rft.date=2021-05-16&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fprogrammes%2Fmediawatch%2Faudio%2F2018795483%2Fshocking-news-reveals-southern-reporting-cutbacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/education-and-family/beautiful-universities-around-the-world/otago-university-in-new-zealand/">"Otago University in New Zealand – Beautiful universities around the world"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph (UK)</i>. 16 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311131554/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/education-and-family/beautiful-universities-around-the-world/otago-university-in-new-zealand/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=Otago+University+in+New+Zealand+%E2%80%93+Beautiful+universities+around+the+world&rft.date=2012-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fexpat%2Feducation-and-family%2Fbeautiful-universities-around-the-world%2Fotago-university-in-new-zealand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/07/11/worlds-most-beautiful-universities_n_3578402.html#slide=2682402">"World's most beautiful universities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a> (UK)</i>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403200227/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/07/11/worlds-most-beautiful-universities_n_3578402.html#slide=2682402">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=World%27s+most+beautiful+universities&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2F2013%2F07%2F11%2Fworlds-most-beautiful-universities_n_3578402.html%23slide%3D2682402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercyhospital.org.nz/about-us/mercy-hospital/overview">"Welcome to Mercy Hospital"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526180832/https://www.mercyhospital.org.nz/about-us/mercy-hospital/overview">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Mercy+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercyhospital.org.nz%2Fabout-us%2Fmercy-hospital%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porttoport.co.nz/">"Port to Port Cruises & Wildlife Tours"</a>. <i>www.porttoport.co.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.porttoport.co.nz&rft.atitle=Port+to+Port+Cruises+%26+Wildlife+Tours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porttoport.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecommunityarchive.org.nz/node/72326/description">"PORTOBELLO Railway Ferry Company Ltd"</a>. <i>Community archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525040730/http://thecommunityarchive.org.nz/node/72326/description">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Community+archive&rft.atitle=PORTOBELLO+Railway+Ferry+Company+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecommunityarchive.org.nz%2Fnode%2F72326%2Fdescription&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525091157/http://ferry.portobello.net.nz/">"Otago Ferries Inc"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ferry.portobello.net.nz/">the original</a> on 25 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Otago+Ferries+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fferry.portobello.net.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward199865-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayward199865_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayward1998">Hayward 1998</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayward199866-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayward199866_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayward1998">Hayward 1998</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU0505/S00062.htm">"NZ's biggest book sale reaches 25-year milestone"</a>. Scoop. 9 May 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141153/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU0505/S00062.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZ%27s+biggest+book+sale+reaches+25-year+milestone&rft.pub=Scoop&rft.date=2005-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FCU0505%2FS00062.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/sister-cities/edinburgh-scotland">"Sister cities – Edinburgh – Scotland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunedin+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sister+cities+%E2%80%93+Edinburgh+%E2%80%93+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.govt.nz%2Fcouncil%2Fsister-cities%2Fedinburgh-scotland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh_twinning-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_twinning_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614133841/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3">"Twin and Partner Cities"</a>. City of Edinburgh Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3">the original</a> on 14 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+and+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Edinburgh+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburgh.gov.uk%2Finfo%2F695%2Fcouncil_information_performance_and_statistics%2F685%2Feuropean_international_and_parliamentary_relations%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/sister-cities/otaru-japan">"Sister cities – Otaru – Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunedin+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sister+cities+%E2%80%93+Otaru+%E2%80%93+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.govt.nz%2Fcouncil%2Fsister-cities%2Fotaru-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/sister-cities/portsmouth-usa">"Sister cities – Portsmouth – USA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunedin+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sister+cities+%E2%80%93+Portsmouth+%E2%80%93+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.govt.nz%2Fcouncil%2Fsister-cities%2Fportsmouth-usa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/sister-cities/shanghai-china">"Sister cities – Shanghai – China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_City_Council" title="Dunedin City Council">Dunedin City Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunedin+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sister+cities+%E2%80%93+Shanghai+%E2%80%93+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunedin.govt.nz%2Fcouncil%2Fsister-cities%2Fshanghai-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1983" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Atholl_Anderson" title="Atholl Anderson">Anderson, Atholl</a> (1983), <i>When All the Moa-Ovens Grew Cold: nine centuries of changing fortune for the southern Maori</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Otago Heritage Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+All+the+Moa-Ovens+Grew+Cold%3A+nine+centuries+of+changing+fortune+for+the+southern+Maori&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Otago+Heritage+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Atholl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Atholl_Anderson" title="Atholl Anderson">Anderson, Atholl</a> (1998), <i>The Welcome of Strangers: an ethnohistory of southern Maori A.D. 1650–1850</i>, Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago Press with Dunedin City Council, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877133-41-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-877133-41-8"><bdi>1-877133-41-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welcome+of+Strangers%3A+an+ethnohistory+of+southern+Maori+A.D.+1650%E2%80%931850&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=University+of+Otago+Press+with+Dunedin+City+Council&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-877133-41-8&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Atholl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonAllinghamSmith1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Atholl_Anderson" title="Atholl Anderson">Anderson, Atholl</a>; Allingham, Brian; Smith, Ian W G (1996), <i>Shag River Mouth: the archaeology of an early southern Maori village</i>, Canberra, Australia: Australian National University, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34751263">34751263</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7315-0342-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7315-0342-1">0-7315-0342-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shag+River+Mouth%3A+the+archaeology+of+an+early+southern+Maori+village&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34751263&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Atholl&rft.au=Allingham%2C+Brian&rft.au=Smith%2C+Ian+W+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBathgate1890" class="citation cs2">Bathgate, Alexander, ed. (1890), <i>Picturesque Dunedin</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Mills, Dick & Co., <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154535977">154535977</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picturesque+Dunedin&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Mills%2C+Dick+%26+Co.&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154535977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaglehole1955–1967" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Beaglehole" title="John Beaglehole">Beaglehole, J C</a>, ed. (1955–1967), <i>The Journals of Captain James Cook</i>, London, UK: The Hakluyt Society</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journals+of+Captain+James+Cook&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=The+Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1955%2F1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeggBegg1979" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Charles_Begg" title="Alexander Charles Begg">Begg, A. Charles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neil_Begg" title="Neil Begg">Begg, Neil Colquhoun</a> (1979), <i>The world of John Boultbee: including an account of sealing in Australia and New Zealand</i>, Christchurch, NZ: Whitcoulls, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7233-0604-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7233-0604-4"><bdi>0-7233-0604-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+world+of+John+Boultbee%3A+including+an+account+of+sealing+in+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Whitcoulls&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-7233-0604-4&rft.aulast=Begg&rft.aufirst=A.+Charles&rft.au=Begg%2C+Neil+Colquhoun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishopHamel1993" class="citation cs2">Bishop, Graham; Hamel, Antony (1993), <i>From sea to silver peaks</i>, Dunedin: John McIndoe, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86868-149-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86868-149-0"><bdi>0-86868-149-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+sea+to+silver+peaks&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=John+McIndoe&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-86868-149-0&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft.au=Hamel%2C+Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsEntwisle1986" class="citation cs2">Collins, Roger; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Entwisle" title="Peter Entwisle">Entwisle, Peter</a> (1986), <i>Pavilioned in Splendour, George O'Brien's Vision of Colonial New Zealand</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Public Art Gallery, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9597758-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9597758-1-1"><bdi>0-9597758-1-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pavilioned+in+Splendour%2C+George+O%27Brien%27s+Vision+of+Colonial+New+Zealand&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Dunedin+Public+Art+Gallery&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-9597758-1-1&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Entwisle%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDannPeat1989" class="citation cs2">Dann, Christine; Peat, Neville (1989), <i>Dunedin, North and South Otago</i>, Wellington: GP Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-477-01438-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-477-01438-0"><bdi>0-477-01438-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunedin%2C+North+and+South+Otago&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=GP+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-477-01438-0&rft.aulast=Dann&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.au=Peat%2C+Neville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2005" class="citation cs2">Dunn, Michael (2005), <i>Nerli an Italian Painter in the South Pacific</i>, Auckland University Press., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86940-335-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-86940-335-5"><bdi>1-86940-335-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nerli+an+Italian+Painter+in+the+South+Pacific&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-86940-335-5&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwisle1984" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Entwisle" title="Peter Entwisle">Entwisle</a>, Peter (1984), <i>William Mathew Hodgkins & his Circle</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Public Art Gallery, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-473-00263-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-473-00263-9"><bdi>0-473-00263-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Mathew+Hodgkins+%26+his+Circle&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Dunedin+Public+Art+Gallery&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-473-00263-9&rft.aulast=Entwisle&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwisle1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Entwisle" title="Peter Entwisle">Entwisle</a>, Peter (1998), <i>Behold the Moon, the European Occupation of the Dunedin District 1770–1848</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-473-05591-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-473-05591-0"><bdi>0-473-05591-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behold+the+Moon%2C+the+European+Occupation+of+the+Dunedin+District+1770%E2%80%931848&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Port+Daniel+Press.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-473-05591-0&rft.aulast=Entwisle&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwisle2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Entwisle" title="Peter Entwisle">Entwisle</a>, Peter (2005), <i>Taka, a Vignette Life of William Tucker 1784–1817</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-473-10098-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-473-10098-3"><bdi>0-473-10098-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taka%2C+a+Vignette+Life+of+William+Tucker+1784%E2%80%931817&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Port+Daniel+Press.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-473-10098-3&rft.aulast=Entwisle&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwisleDunnCollins1988" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Entwisle" title="Peter Entwisle">Entwisle, Peter</a>; Dunn, Michael; Collins, Roger (1988), <i>Nerli An Exhibition of Paintings & Drawings</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Public Art Gallery, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9597758-4-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9597758-4-6"><bdi>0-9597758-4-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nerli+An+Exhibition+of+Paintings+%26+Drawings&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Dunedin+Public+Art+Gallery&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-9597758-4-6&rft.aulast=Entwisle&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Michael&rft.au=Collins%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamel2001" class="citation cs2">Hamel, J (2001), <i>The Archaeology of Otago</i>, Wellington, NZ: Department of Conservation, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-478-22016-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-478-22016-2"><bdi>0-478-22016-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Otago&rft.place=Wellington%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Department+of+Conservation&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-478-22016-2&rft.aulast=Hamel&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward1998" class="citation cs2">Hayward, Paul (1998), <i>Intriguing Dunedin Street Walks</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Express Office Services</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intriguing+Dunedin+Street+Walks&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Express+Office+Services&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHocken1898" class="citation cs2">Hocken, Thomas Moreland (1898), <i>Contributions to the Early History of New Zealand (Settlement of Otago)</i>, London, UK: Sampson Low, Marston and Company, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3804372">3804372</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contributions+to+the+Early+History+of+New+Zealand+%28Settlement+of+Otago%29&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Sampson+Low%2C+Marston+and+Company&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3804372&rft.aulast=Hocken&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Moreland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1954" class="citation cs2">McCormick, E H (1954), <i>The Expatriate, a Study of Frances Hodgkins</i>, Wellington, NZ: New Zealand University Press., <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6276263">6276263</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Expatriate%2C+a+Study+of+Frances+Hodgkins&rft.place=Wellington%2C+NZ&rft.pub=New+Zealand+University+Press.&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6276263&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=E+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1959" class="citation cs2">McCormick, E H (1959), <i>The Inland Eye, a Sketch in Visual Autobiography</i>, Auckland, NZ: Auckland Gallery Associates, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11777388">11777388</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inland+Eye%2C+a+Sketch+in+Visual+Autobiography&rft.place=Auckland%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Auckland+Gallery+Associates&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11777388&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=E+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald1965" class="citation cs2">McDonald, K C (1965), <i>City of Dunedin, a Century of Civic Enterprise</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin City Corporation, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10563910">10563910</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+of+Dunedin%2C+a+Century+of+Civic+Enterprise&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Dunedin+City+Corporation&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10563910&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=K+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1949" class="citation cs2">McLintock, A H (1949), <i>The History of Otago; the origins and growth of a Wakefield class settlement</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Otago Centennial Historical Publications, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154645934">154645934</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Otago%3B+the+origins+and+growth+of+a+Wakefield+class+settlement&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Otago+Centennial+Historical+Publications&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154645934&rft.aulast=McLintock&rft.aufirst=A+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1951" class="citation cs2">McLintock, A H (1951), <i>The Port of Otago</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Otago Harbour Board</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Port+of+Otago&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Otago+Harbour+Board&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=McLintock&rft.aufirst=A+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrell1969" class="citation cs2">Morrell, W P (1969), <i>The University of Otago, a Centennial History</i>, Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago Press., <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71676">71676</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Otago%2C+a+Centennial+History&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=University+of+Otago+Press.&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71676&rft.aulast=Morrell&rft.aufirst=W+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fox-Davies, A. C. (1909). <i> A Complete Guide to Heraldry</i>.</li> <li>Herd, J. & Griffiths, G. J. (1980). <i>Discovering Dunedin</i>. Dunedin: John McIndoe. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86868-030-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86868-030-3">0-86868-030-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1977" class="citation thesis cs1">McCarthy, M. P. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2683"><i>A city in transition: Diversification in the social life of Dunedin, 1860–1864</i></a> (BA(Hons)). Dunedin: University of Otago. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10523%2F2683">10523/2683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+city+in+transition%3A+Diversification+in+the+social+life+of+Dunedin%2C+1860%E2%80%931864&rft.inst=University+of+Otago&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10523%2F2683&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=M.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10523%2F2683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McCoy, E. & Blackman, J. (1968). <i>Victorian City of New Zealand: Photographs of the Earlier Buildings of Dunedin</i>. Dunedin: John McIndoe. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16481">16481</a>. (E. McCoy was New Zealand architect.)</li> <li>McFarlane, S. (1970). <i>Dunedin, Portrait of a City</i>. Whitcombe & Tombs. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7233-0171-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7233-0171-9">0-7233-0171-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeatPatrick2014" class="citation book cs1">Peat, Neville; Patrick, Brian (2014). <i>Wild Dunedin: The Natural History of New Zealand's Wildlife Capital</i> (Paperback). Dunedin, NZ: Otago University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-18-7757-862-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-18-7757-862-5"><bdi>978-18-7757-862-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wild+Dunedin%3A+The+Natural+History+of+New+Zealand%27s+Wildlife+Capital&rft.place=Dunedin%2C+NZ&rft.pub=Otago+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-18-7757-862-5&rft.aulast=Peat&rft.aufirst=Neville&rft.au=Patrick%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunedin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Smallfield, J. & Heenan, B. (2006). <i>Above the belt: A history of the suburb of Maori Hill</i>. Dunedin: Maori Hill History Charitable Trust. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877139-98-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-877139-98-X">1-877139-98-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dunedin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dunedin">Dunedin</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dunedin#Q133073" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Dunedin">Dunedin</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/">Dunedin City Council official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunedinnz.com/">Tourism Dunedin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adjacent_cities_and_districts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adjacent_cities_and_districts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Adjacent cities and districts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waitaki_District" title="Waitaki District">Waitaki</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Dunedin</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dunedin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dunedin" title="Template:Dunedin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dunedin" title="Template talk:Dunedin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dunedin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dunedin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dunedin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunedin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Central_Dunedin" title="Central Dunedin">Central Dunedin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Dunedin" title="Central Dunedin">Central Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Rise" title="City Rise">City Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Harbourside" title="Dunedin Harbourside">Dunedin Harbourside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_North" title="Dunedin North">Dunedin North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exchange,_Dunedin" title="The Exchange, Dunedin">The Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernhill,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernhill, Dunedin">Fernhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_Precinct" title="Warehouse Precinct">Warehouse Precinct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban north</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmacewen" class="mw-redirect" title="Balmacewen">Balmacewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkes,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkes, New Zealand">Burkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmore,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmore, New Zealand">Dalmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gardens,_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gardens, Otago">The Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenleith" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenleith">Glenleith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Valley" title="Leith Valley">Leith Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberton,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberton, New Zealand">Liberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Maia, New Zealand">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maori_Hill" title="Maori Hill">Maori Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mera" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Mera">Mount Mera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normanby,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Normanby, Dunedin">Normanby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Valley" title="North East Valley">North East Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opoho" title="Opoho">Opoho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Hill,_New_Zealand" title="Pine Hill, New Zealand">Pine Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospect Park, New Zealand">Prospect Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne,_New_Zealand" title="Ravensbourne, New Zealand">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Leonards,_Dunedin" title="St Leonards, Dunedin">St Leonards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakari" title="Wakari">Wakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhaugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodhaugh">Woodhaugh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban east</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challis,_New_Zealand" title="Challis, New Zealand">Challis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cove,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cove, New Zealand">The Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grants_Braes" class="mw-redirect" title="Grants Braes">Grants Braes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highcliff,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Highcliff, New Zealand">Highcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauxhall, Dunedin">Vauxhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverley,_Dunedin" title="Waverley, Dunedin">Waverley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban south</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andersons_Bay" title="Andersons Bay">Andersons Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corstorphine,_New_Zealand" title="Corstorphine, New Zealand">Corstorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbury,_New_Zealand" title="Forbury, New Zealand">Forbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Dunedin" title="Kensington, Dunedin">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kew, Dunedin">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musselburgh,_New_Zealand" title="Musselburgh, New Zealand">Musselburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_New_Zealand" title="Ocean Grove, New Zealand">Ocean Grove (Tomahawk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clair,_New_Zealand" title="St Clair, New Zealand">St Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_New_Zealand" title="St Kilda, New Zealand">St Kilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiel_Hill" title="Shiel Hill">Shiel Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dunedin" title="South Dunedin">South Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Endowment">Southern Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunshine, New Zealand">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuna,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahuna, Dunedin">Tahuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainui,_New_Zealand" title="Tainui, New Zealand">Tainui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban west</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford,_New_Zealand" title="Abbotsford, New Zealand">Abbotsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaclava,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaclava, New Zealand">Balaclava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleknowes" class="mw-redirect" title="Belleknowes">Belleknowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford, New Zealand">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockville,_New_Zealand" title="Brockville, New Zealand">Brockville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnside,_Dunedin" title="Burnside, Dunedin">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caversham,_New_Zealand" title="Caversham, New Zealand">Caversham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calton_Hill,_New_Zealand" title="Calton Hill, New Zealand">Calton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Zealand" title="Concord, New Zealand">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glen,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glen, New Zealand">The Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenross" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenross">Glenross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_Zealand" title="Green Island, New Zealand">Green Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway_Bush" title="Halfway Bush">Halfway Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helensburgh,_New_Zealand" title="Helensburgh, New Zealand">Helensburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikorai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaikorai">Kaikorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Valley" title="Kaikorai Valley">Kaikorai Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmure" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenmure">Kenmure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littlebourne,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Littlebourne, New Zealand">Littlebourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Paisley" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Paisley">Little Paisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookout_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lookout Point">Lookout Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryhill,_New_Zealand" title="Maryhill, New Zealand">Maryhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornington,_Dunedin" title="Mornington, Dunedin">Mornington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn,_Dunedin" title="Roslyn, Dunedin">Roslyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allanton,_New_Zealand" title="Allanton, New Zealand">Allanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramoana" title="Aramoana">Aramoana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwick,_New_Zealand" title="Berwick, New Zealand">Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_New_Zealand" title="Brighton, New Zealand">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Bay,_New_Zealand" title="Broad Bay, New Zealand">Broad Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careys_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Careys Bay">Careys Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarks_Junction" title="Clarks Junction">Clarks Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_Bay" title="Company Bay">Company Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Taieri" title="East Taieri">East Taieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansdale,_New_Zealand" title="Evansdale, New Zealand">Evansdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Otago" title="Fairfield, Otago">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harington_Point" title="Harington Point">Harington Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawksbury,_New_Zealand" title="Hawksbury, New Zealand">Hawksbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harwood,_New_Zealand" title="Harwood, New Zealand">Harwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley,_New_Zealand" title="Henley, New Zealand">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindon,_New_Zealand" title="Hindon, New Zealand">Hindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde,_New_Zealand" title="Hyde, New Zealand">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karitane" title="Karitane">Karitane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macandrew_Bay" title="Macandrew Bay">Macandrew Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlemarch,_New_Zealand" title="Middlemarch, New Zealand">Middlemarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momona" title="Momona">Momona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosgiel" title="Mosgiel">Mosgiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_View,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean View, New Zealand">Ocean View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Otakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outram,_New_Zealand" title="Outram, New Zealand">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello,_New_Zealand" title="Portobello, New Zealand">Portobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukehiki" title="Pukehiki">Pukehiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABr%C4%81kaunui" title="Pūrākaunui">Pūrākaunui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseneath,_Otago" title="Roseneath, Otago">Roseneath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyers_Bay" title="Sawyers Bay">Sawyers Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seacliff,_New_Zealand" title="Seacliff, New Zealand">Seacliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton,_New_Zealand" title="Sutton, New Zealand">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumai" title="Tumai">Tumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitati" title="Waitati">Waitati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldronville" title="Waldronville">Waldronville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington,_New_Zealand" title="Warrington, New Zealand">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whare_Flat" title="Whare Flat">Whare Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingatui" title="Wingatui">Wingatui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dunedin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethune%27s_Gully" title="Bethune's Gully">Bethune's Gully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmore_Reserve" title="Dalmore Reserve">Dalmore Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Town_Belt" title="Dunedin Town Belt">Dunedin Town Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_(Otago)" title="Flagstaff (Otago)">Flagstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Stream" title="Kaikorai Stream">Kaikorai Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawyers_Head" title="Lawyers Head">Lawyers Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Saddle" title="Leith Saddle">Leith Saddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Creek" title="Lindsay Creek">Lindsay Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Bush_Reserve" title="Moore's Bush Reserve">Moore's Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Cargill" title="Mount Cargill">Mount Cargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Creek_Reservoir" title="Ross Creek Reservoir">Ross Creek Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Hill_(New_Zealand)" title="Signal Hill (New Zealand)">Signal Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_Otago" title="Ocean Beach, Otago">St Clair and St Kilda Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivans_Dam" title="Sullivans Dam">Sullivans Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_Beach" title="Tomahawk Beach">Tomahawk Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_Lagoon" title="Tomahawk Lagoon">Tomahawk Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_of_Leith_(New_Zealand)" title="Water of Leith (New Zealand)">Water of Leith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allans_Beach" title="Allans Beach">Allans Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_Bay" title="Blueskin Bay">Blueskin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island_(Otago)" title="Bird Island (Otago)">Bird Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhead_(New_Zealand)" title="Blackhead (New Zealand)">Blackhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Beach" title="Boulder Beach">Boulder Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Saunders" title="Cape Saunders">Cape Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careys_Creek" title="Careys Creek">Careys Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Stream" title="Deep Stream">Deep Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_volcanic_group" title="Dunedin volcanic group">Dunedin volcanic group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Volcano" title="Dunedin Volcano">volcano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foulden_Maar" title="Foulden Maar">Foulden Maar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moss_Swamp" title="Great Moss Swamp">Great Moss Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island_(%C5%8Ckaihae)" title="Green Island (Ōkaihae)">Green Island (Ōkaihae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawksbury_Lagoon" title="Hawksbury Lagoon">Hawksbury Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoopers_Inlet" title="Hoopers Inlet">Hoopers Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huriawa_Peninsula" title="Huriawa Peninsula">Huriawa Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Park_Recreation_Reserve" title="Island Park Recreation Reserve">Island Park Recreation Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kilmog" title="The Kilmog">The Kilmog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tatawai" title="Lake Tatawai">Lake Tatawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammermoor_Range" title="Lammermoor Range">Lammermoor Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapoutahi" title="Mapoutahi">Mapoutahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungatua" title="Maungatua">Maungatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Watkin_/_Hikaroroa" title="Mount Watkin / Hikaroroa">Mount Watkin / Hikaroroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokonui_Ecosanctuary" title="Orokonui Ecosanctuary">Orokonui Ecosanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Heads" title="Otago Heads">Otago Heads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papanui_Inlet" title="Papanui Inlet">Papanui Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_River_(New_Zealand)" title="Pleasant River (New Zealand)">Pleasant River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarantine_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Quarantine Island (New Zealand)">Quarantine Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakiriri" title="Rakiriri">Rakiriri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Pillar_Range" title="Rock and Pillar Range">Rock and Pillar Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Hill_(New_Zealand)" title="Saddle Hill (New Zealand)">Saddle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandfly_Bay" title="Sandfly Bay">Sandfly Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandymount_(New_Zealand)" title="Sandymount (New Zealand)">Sandymount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silverpeaks" title="The Silverpeaks">The Silverpeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Stream" title="Silver Stream">Silver Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaills_Beach" title="Smaills Beach">Smaills Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strath_Taieri" title="Strath Taieri">Strath Taieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Salt_Lake" title="Sutton Salt Lake">Sutton Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swampy_Summit" title="Swampy Summit">Swampy Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiaroa_Head" title="Taiaroa Head">Taiaroa Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieri_Gorge" title="Taieri Gorge">Taieri Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieri_Pet" title="Taieri Pet">Taieri Pet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieri_Plain" title="Taieri Plain">Taieri Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieri_River" title="Taieri River">Taieri River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_Beach" title="Tunnel Beach">Tunnel Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Beach" title="Victory Beach">Victory Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti_River" title="Waikouaiti River">Waikouaiti River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waipori_River" title="Waipori River">Waipori River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitati_River" title="Waitati River">Waitati River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whareakeake" title="Whareakeake">Whareakeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Island_(Otago)" title="White Island (Otago)">White Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities and attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Street" title="Baldwin Street">Baldwin Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadbury_World,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury World, Dunedin">Cadbury World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargill%27s_Castle" title="Cargill's Castle">Cargill's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carisbrook" title="Carisbrook">Carisbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Botanic_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Botanic Gardens">Dunedin Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Chinese_Garden" title="Dunedin Chinese Garden">Dunedin Chinese Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Hospital" title="Dunedin Hospital">Dunedin Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Art_Gallery" title="Dunedin Public Art Gallery">Dunedin Public Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Public_Libraries" title="Dunedin Public Libraries">Dunedin Public Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_railway_station" title="Dunedin railway station">Dunedin railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edgar_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edgar Centre">The Edgar Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Church,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="First Church, Dunedin">First Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbury_Park_Raceway" title="Forbury Park Raceway">Forbury Park Raceway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Street,_Dunedin" title="George Street, Dunedin">George Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocken_Collections" title="Hocken Collections">Hocken Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_Church,_Dunedin" title="Knox Church, Dunedin">Knox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larnach_Castle" title="Larnach Castle">Larnach Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Mall,_Dunedin" title="Meridian Mall, Dunedin">Meridian Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moana_Pool" title="Moana Pool">Moana Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_Place,_Dunedin" title="Moray Place, Dunedin">Moray Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Dunedin" title="The Octagon, Dunedin">The Octagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olveston_(house)" title="Olveston (house)">Olveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Museum">Otago Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Settlers%27_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Settlers' Museum">Otago Settlers' Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Marine_Laboratory" title="Portobello Marine Laboratory">Portobello Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street,_Dunedin" title="Princes Street, Dunedin">Princes Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Dunedin" title="St Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin">St Joseph's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Dunedin" title="St Paul's Cathedral, Dunedin">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Street,_Dunedin" title="Stuart Street, Dunedin">Stuart Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieri_Gorge_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Gorge Railway">Taieri Gorge Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Town_Belt" title="Dunedin Town Belt">Town Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago_Registry_Building" title="University of Otago Registry Building">University of Otago Registry Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Oval,_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="University Oval, Dunedin">University Oval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_39_(New_Zealand_TV_channel)" title="Channel 39 (New Zealand TV channel)">Channel 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speight%27s" title="Speight's">Speight's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayfield_High_School,_Dunedin" title="Bayfield High School, Dunedin">Bayfield High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_College" title="Columba College">Columba College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McGlashan_College" title="John McGlashan College">John McGlashan College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikorai_Valley_College" title="Kaikorai Valley College">Kaikorai Valley College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_High_School,_Dunedin" title="King's High School, Dunedin">King's High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Park_High_School" title="Logan Park High School">Logan Park High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Boys%27_High_School" title="Otago Boys' High School">Otago Boys' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Girls%27_High_School" title="Otago Girls' High School">Otago Girls' High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Polytechnic" title="Otago Polytechnic">Otago Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_High_School,_Dunedin" title="Queen's High School, Dunedin">Queen's High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_Collegiate_School" title="St Hilda's Collegiate School">St Hilda's Collegiate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taieri_College" title="Taieri College">Taieri College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Catholic_College,_Dunedin" title="Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin">Trinity Catholic College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Fringe_Festival" title="Dunedin Fringe Festival">Dunedin Fringe Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Gasworks_Museum" title="Dunedin Gasworks Museum">Dunedin Gasworks Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Museum_of_Natural_Mystery" title="Dunedin Museum of Natural Mystery">Dunedin Museum of Natural Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Sound">Dunedin Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Writers_%26_Readers_Festival" title="Dunedin Writers & Readers Festival">Dunedin Writers & Readers Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID_Dunedin_Fashion_Week" title="ID Dunedin Fashion Week">ID Dunedin Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Mayfair Theatre, Dunedin">Mayfair Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Theatre,_Dunedin" title="Regent Theatre, Dunedin">Regent Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Technical" title="Dunedin Technical">Dunedin Technical (football)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Thunder" title="Dunedin Thunder">Dunedin Thunder (ice hockey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlanders_(rugby_union)" title="Highlanders (rugby union)">Highlanders (rugby union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Cricket_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago Cricket Association">Otago (cricket)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Otago Rugby Football Union">Otago (rugby)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Nuggets" title="Otago Nuggets">Otago Nuggets (basketball)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago United">Otago United (football)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Festival_of_Speed" title="Southern Festival of Speed">Southern Festival of Speed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunstan_Trail" title="Dunstan Trail">Dunstan Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_places_in_Dunedin" title="List of historic places in Dunedin">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Dunedin">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notable_people_from_Dunedin" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable people from Dunedin">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_the_Otago_Region" title="Public transport in the Otago Region">Public transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities and districts of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">districts</a> of New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porirua" title="Porirua">Porirua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hutt" title="Upper Hutt">Upper Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" title="Districts of New Zealand">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_District" title="Far North District">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whangarei_District" title="Whangarei District">Whangarei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_District" title="Kaipara District">Kaipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames-Coromandel_District" title="Thames-Coromandel District">Thames-Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_District" title="Hauraki District">Hauraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matamata-Piako_District" title="Matamata-Piako District">Matamata-Piako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waip%C4%81_District" title="Waipā District">Waipā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waikato_District" title="South Waikato District">South Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctorohanga_District" title="Ōtorohanga District">Ōtorohanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua_Lakes_District" title="Rotorua Lakes District">Rotorua Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitomo_District" title="Waitomo District">Waitomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_District" title="Taupō District">Taupō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bay_of_Plenty_District" title="Western Bay of Plenty District">Western Bay of Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne_District" title="Whakatāne District">Whakatāne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawerau_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawerau District">Kawerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki_District" title="Ōpōtiki District">Ōpōtiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wairoa_District" title="Wairoa District">Wairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_District,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings District, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hawke%27s_Bay_District" title="Central Hawke's Bay District">Central Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_District" title="New Plymouth District">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_District,_New_Zealand" title="Stratford District, New Zealand">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_District" title="South Taranaki District">South Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruapehu_District" title="Ruapehu District">Ruapehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whanganui_District" title="Whanganui District">Whanganui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangitikei_District" title="Rangitikei District">Rangitīkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" title="Manawatū District">Manawatū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tararua_District" title="Tararua District">Tararua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_District" title="Horowhenua District">Horowhenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterton District">Masterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Carterton District">Carterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wairarapa_District" title="South Wairarapa District">South Wairarapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller_District" title="Buller District">Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_District" title="Grey District">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_District" title="Westland District">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_District" title="Kaikōura District">Kaikōura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurunui_District" title="Hurunui District">Hurunui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimakariri_District" title="Waimakariri District">Waimakariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_District" title="Selwyn District">Selwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashburton_District" title="Ashburton District">Ashburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timaru_District" title="Timaru District">Timaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_District" title="Mackenzie District">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimate_District" title="Waimate District">Waimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaki_District" title="Waitaki District">Waitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_District,_New_Zealand" title="Gore District, New Zealand">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_District" title="Southland District">Southland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template talk:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand%27s_links_with_Antarctica" title="Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica">New Zealand and Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Zealand" title="Geography of New Zealand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical geography of New Zealand">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand" title="Biodiversity of New Zealand">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_New_Zealand" title="List of caves in New Zealand">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand" title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination_in_New_Zealand" title="Structural discrimination in New Zealand">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Zealand" title="Outline of New Zealand">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133073#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133073#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133073#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121897732">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129002787">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208925/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxGYRVKDGqfM8rHmqBgKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4239149-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dunedin (N.Z.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80069025">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dunedin (Nový Zéland)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1091080&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550217205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/cf1f324c-2e69-4952-9a73-e190d0cde505">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044316">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&oldid=1258699216">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&oldid=1258699216</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dunedin" title="Category:Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Otago" title="Category:Populated places in Otago">Populated places in Otago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="Category:Port cities in New Zealand">Port cities in New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1848" title="Category:Populated places established in 1848">Populated places established in 1848</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scottish-New_Zealand_culture" title="Category:Scottish-New Zealand culture">Scottish-New Zealand culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_provincial_capitals_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Former provincial capitals of New Zealand">Former provincial capitals of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1848_establishments_in_New_Zealand" title="Category:1848 establishments in New Zealand">1848 establishments in New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_around_the_Otago_Harbour" title="Category:Populated places around the Otago Harbour">Populated places around the Otago Harbour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Localities_in_the_Dunedin_City_territory" title="Category:Localities in the Dunedin City territory">Localities in the Dunedin City territory</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2022">Use dmy dates from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_New_Zealand_English_from_January_2024" title="Category:Use New Zealand English from January 2024">Use New Zealand English from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_New_Zealand_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English">All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_M%C4%81ori-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Māori-language text">Articles containing Māori-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_motto_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Scottish_Gaelic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text">Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2019">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2021" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2021">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2017" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2017">Articles needing additional references from July 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_listed_invalid_ISBNs" title="Category:Pages with listed invalid ISBNs">Pages with listed invalid ISBNs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 03:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dunedin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-78s75","wgBackendResponseTime":200,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.470","walltime":"3.170","ppvisitednodes":{"value":23524,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":497338,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":60296,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":43,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":425411,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2638.879 1 -total"," 36.61% 966.172 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 29.90% 788.960 1 Template:Infobox"," 21.04% 555.214 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.61% 332.758 52 Template:Cite_web"," 6.81% 179.636 39 Template:Sfn"," 5.08% 134.140 24 Template:Citation"," 4.78% 126.255 2 Template:Template_other"," 4.58% 120.968 1 Template:Native_name"," 3.54% 93.539 71 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.373","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22887787,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdamsKean1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonAllinghamSmith1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBannister\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBathgate1890\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaglehole1955–1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeggBegg1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBetteridge2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBishop1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBishopHamel1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradshaw2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByrne\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampsie2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsEntwisle1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnolly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunliffe2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDannPeat1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_ThornsBen_Schrader2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeversonKennedy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElder2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEntwisle1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEntwisle1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEntwisle2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEntwisleDunnCollins1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibb2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamel2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayward1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHocken1898\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrwinWalrond,_Carl2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambert1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLittlewood2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughrey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalcolm_McKinnon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAvinue\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormick1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormick1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLintock1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLintock1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLintock1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrell1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalin1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeacock2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeatPatrick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaer2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShuker2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomerville\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSymcox2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaonga\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheroux1992\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Adjacent communities\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 2,\n [\"By whom\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 24,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 50,\n [\"Cities and districts of New Zealand\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 15,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Decimals\"] = 2,\n [\"Dunedin navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Emblem table\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018\"] = 8,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 2,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 3,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Importance inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 7,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Listed Invalid ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Location map many\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"MoMP\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NZ census 2018\"] = 1,\n [\"NZ population data 2018\"] = 22,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"New Zealand topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 39,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Use New Zealand English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 5,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","23.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","19.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","180","11.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","5.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","3.8"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::interwikiMap","40","2.6"],["type","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","40","2.6"],["[others]","340","21.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qmr87","timestamp":"20241125035641","ttl":504211,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dunedin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dunedin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q133073","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q133073","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-27T10:20:41Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T03:03:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/78\/Dunedin_Railway_Station._%2814332788661%29.jpg","headline":"city in New Zealand's South Island"}</script> </body> </html>