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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References and sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_and_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References and sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_and_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Victorian architecture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عمارة فكتورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمارة فكتورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquiteutura_victoriana" title="Arquiteutura victoriana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arquiteutura victoriana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorian_stili" title="Viktorian stili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Viktorian stili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="ভিক্টোরীয় স্থাপত্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিক্টোরীয় স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_victoriana" title="Arquitectura victoriana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura victoriana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriansk_stil" title="Viktoriansk stil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Viktoriansk stil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorianische_Architektur" title="Viktorianische Architektur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Viktorianische Architektur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_victoriana" title="Arquitectura victoriana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura victoriana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="معماری ویکتوریایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری ویکتوریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_victorienne" title="Architecture victorienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture victorienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վիկտորյական ճարտարապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիկտորյական ճարտարապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Viktoria" title="Arsitektur Viktoria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arsitektur Viktoria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_vittoriana" title="Architettura vittoriana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura vittoriana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ვიქტორიანული არქიტექტურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიქტორიანული არქიტექტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijos_architekt%C5%ABra" title="Viktorijos architektūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viktorijos architektūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Викторијанска архитектура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Викторијанска архитектура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_bina_Victoria" title="Seni bina Victoria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni bina Victoria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoriaanse_architectuur" title="Victoriaanse architectuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Victoriaanse architectuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E6%A7%98%E5%BC%8F" title="ヴィクトリアン様式 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィクトリアン様式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriansk_stil" title="Viktoriansk stil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viktoriansk stil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktoriya_me%CA%BCmorchilik_san%CA%BCati" title="Viktoriya meʼmorchilik sanʼati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Viktoriya meʼmorchilik sanʼati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura_wiktoria%C5%84ska" title="Architektura wiktoriańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Architektura wiktoriańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stil_victorian" title="Stil victorian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stil victorian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Викторианская архитектура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Викторианская архитектура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura_viktoriane" title="Arkitektura viktoriane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arkitektura viktoriane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Victorian architecture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorijanska_arhitektura" title="Viktorijanska arhitektura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Viktorijanska arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturang_Victoriana" title="Arkitekturang Victoriana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkitekturang Victoriana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorya_mimarisi" title="Viktorya mimarisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viktorya mimarisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Вікторіанська архітектура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікторіанська архітектура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="維多利亞式建築 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="維多利亞式建築" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q565165#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of architectural revival styles</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg/250px-St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg/375px-St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg/500px-St_Pancras_Railway_Station_2012-06-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8466" data-file-height="7140" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St. Pancras railway station</a> and Midland Hotel in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, opened in 1868</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Victorian architecture</b> is a series of <a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">architectural revival styles</a> in the mid-to-late 19th century. <i>Victorian</i> refers to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> (1837–1901), called the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction. However, many elements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria's reign, roughly from 1850 and later. The styles often included interpretations and <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_architecture" title="Eclecticism in architecture">eclectic</a> <a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">revivals</a> of historic styles <i>(see <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a>)</i>. The name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it followed <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Regency_architecture" title="Regency architecture">Regency architecture</a> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian architecture</a>. </p><p>Although Victoria did not reign over the United States, the term is often used for American styles and buildings from the same period, as well as those from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victorian_architecture_in_the_United_Kingdom">Victorian architecture in the United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Victorian architecture in the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="4089" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn College, Cambridge</a> </figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British industrial architecture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gothic_Revival">Gothic Revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gothic Revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a></div> <p>During the early 19th century, the romantic <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival</a> style was developed as a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Symmetry" title="Symmetry">symmetry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladianism</a>, and such buildings as <a href="/wiki/Fonthill_Abbey" title="Fonthill Abbey">Fonthill Abbey</a> were built.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, construction was able to incorporate metal materials as building components. Structures were erected with <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> frames. However, due to being weak in tension, these materials were effectively phased out in place for more structurally sound <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the greatest exponents of <a href="/wiki/Iron_frame" title="Iron frame">iron frame</a> construction was <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paxton" title="Joseph Paxton">Joseph Paxton</a>, architect of <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">the Crystal Palace</a>. Paxton also continued to build such houses as <a href="/wiki/Mentmore_Towers" title="Mentmore Towers">Mentmore Towers</a>, in the still popular <a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> styles. New methods of construction were developed in this era of prosperity, but ironically the architectural styles, as developed by such architects as <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a>, were typically retrospective. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the architect <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Thomson" title="Alexander Thomson">Alexander Thomson</a> who practised in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> was a pioneer of the use of <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> for commercial buildings, blending neo-classical conventionality with Egyptian and Oriental themes to produce many truly original structures. Other notable Scottish architects of this period are <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Simpson" title="Archibald Simpson">Archibald Simpson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Marshall_Mackenzie" title="Alexander Marshall Mackenzie">Alexander Marshall Mackenzie</a>, whose stylistically varied work can be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Aberdeen" title="Architecture of Aberdeen">architecture of Aberdeen</a>. </p><p>While Scottish architects pioneered this style it soon spread right across the United Kingdom and remained popular for another forty years. Its architectural value in preserving and reinventing the past is significant. Its influences were diverse but the Scottish architects who practiced it were inspired by unique ways to blend architecture, purpose, and everyday life in a meaningful way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Revival_styles">Other Revival styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other Revival styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Central_Hall.JPG/220px-Central_Hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Central_Hall.JPG/330px-Central_Hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Central_Hall.JPG/440px-Central_Hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Central Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a> (1830–1870; the precursor to the <a href="/wiki/British_Queen_Anne_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="British Queen Anne Revival">British Queen Anne Revival</a> style)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Renaissance">Renaissance Revival</a> (1840–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a> (1845–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Empire (architecture)">Second Empire</a> (1855–1880; originated in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Queen_Anne_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="British Queen Anne Revival">British Queen Anne Revival</a> (1870–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_Baronial_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Baronial Style architecture">Scots Baronial</a> (predominantly Scotland)</li> <li>British <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts movement</a> (1880–1910)</li></ul> <p>Some styles, while not uniquely Victorian, are strongly associated with the 19th century owing to the large number of examples that were erected during that period: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Houses_of_Parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of Westminster, Neo-Gothic completed in 1870. Designed by Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin"><img alt="Palace of Westminster, Neo-Gothic completed in 1870. Designed by Sir Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Houses_of_Parliament.jpg/120px-Houses_of_Parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Houses_of_Parliament.jpg/180px-Houses_of_Parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Houses_of_Parliament.jpg/240px-Houses_of_Parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1293" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, Neo-Gothic completed in 1870. Designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Barry" title="Charles Barry">Charles Barry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Albert_Hall,_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Albert Hall, London"><img alt="Royal Albert Hall, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/120px-Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/180px-Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg/240px-Royal_Albert_Hall%2C_London_-_Nov_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11000" data-file-height="5592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Clock_Tower,_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "Red Brick" Victoria Building at the University of Liverpool, completed in 1893 in Gothic Revival style. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse"><img alt="The "Red Brick" Victoria Building at the University of Liverpool, completed in 1893 in Gothic Revival style. Designed by Alfred Waterhouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Victoria_Clock_Tower%2C_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg/90px-Victoria_Clock_Tower%2C_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Victoria_Clock_Tower%2C_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg/135px-Victoria_Clock_Tower%2C_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Victoria_Clock_Tower%2C_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg/180px-Victoria_Clock_Tower%2C_Liverpool_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_374422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "Red Brick" <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Building,_University_of_Liverpool" title="Victoria Building, University of Liverpool">Victoria Building</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>, completed in 1893 in <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> style. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Waterhouse" title="Alfred Waterhouse">Alfred Waterhouse</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Victorian Pavilion at The Oval cricket ground in London"><img alt="The Victorian Pavilion at The Oval cricket ground in London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg/120px-The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg/180px-The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg/240px-The_Oval_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="2122" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Victorian Pavilion at <a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a> cricket ground in London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art%26Science.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian School of Art and Science at Stroud, Gloucestershire"><img alt="Victorian School of Art and Science at Stroud, Gloucestershire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Art%26Science.jpg/120px-Art%26Science.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Art%26Science.jpg/180px-Art%26Science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Art%26Science.jpg/240px-Art%26Science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian School of Art and Science at <a href="/wiki/Stroud" title="Stroud">Stroud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HardwickHouseEstate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="House on the Hardwick House estate near Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk"><img alt="House on the Hardwick House estate near Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HardwickHouseEstate.jpg/120px-HardwickHouseEstate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HardwickHouseEstate.jpg/180px-HardwickHouseEstate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HardwickHouseEstate.jpg/240px-HardwickHouseEstate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">House on the <a href="/wiki/Hardwick_House_(Suffolk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardwick House (Suffolk)">Hardwick House</a> estate near <a href="/wiki/Bury_St_Edmunds" title="Bury St Edmunds">Bury St Edmunds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchester_town_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manchester Town Hall"><img alt="Manchester Town Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Manchester_town_hall.jpg/120px-Manchester_town_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Manchester_town_hall.jpg/180px-Manchester_town_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Manchester_town_hall.jpg/240px-Manchester_town_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4106" data-file-height="3080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Town_Hall" title="Manchester Town Hall">Manchester Town Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_John_Rylands_Library,_Deansgate,_Manchester.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The John Rylands Library in Manchester"><img alt="The John Rylands Library in Manchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_John_Rylands_Library%2C_Deansgate%2C_Manchester.jpg/120px-The_John_Rylands_Library%2C_Deansgate%2C_Manchester.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_John_Rylands_Library%2C_Deansgate%2C_Manchester.jpg/180px-The_John_Rylands_Library%2C_Deansgate%2C_Manchester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_John_Rylands_Library%2C_Deansgate%2C_Manchester.jpg/240px-The_John_Rylands_Library%2C_Deansgate%2C_Manchester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands Library">John Rylands Library</a> in Manchester</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Aston Webb building at the University of Birmingham, UK"><img alt="The Aston Webb building at the University of Birmingham, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg/120px-BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg/180px-BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg/240px-BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Aston Webb</a> building at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a>, UK</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Victoria Law Courts, Birmingham, UK"><img alt="Victoria Law Courts, Birmingham, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG/120px-Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG/180px-Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG/240px-Birmingham_-_Lawcourt_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Law_Courts" title="Victoria Law Courts">Victoria Law Courts</a>, Birmingham, UK</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Gilbert Scott Building of the University of Glasgow, as viewed from Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow. An example of the Gothic Revival style"><img alt="The Gilbert Scott Building of the University of Glasgow, as viewed from Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow. An example of the Gothic Revival style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg/120px-University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg/180px-University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg/240px-University_of_Glasgow_Gilbert_Scott_Building_-_Feb_2008-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3099" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Gilbert Scott Building of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>, as viewed from <a href="/wiki/Kelvingrove_Park" title="Kelvingrove Park">Kelvingrove Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. An example of the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> style</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_of_Scotland_Bank,_5_Castle_Street,_Aberdeen,_Archibald_Simpson,_1839-42.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="North of Scotland Bank in Aberdeen by Archibald Simpson 1839–42"><img alt="North of Scotland Bank in Aberdeen by Archibald Simpson 1839–42" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/North_of_Scotland_Bank%2C_5_Castle_Street%2C_Aberdeen%2C_Archibald_Simpson%2C_1839-42.jpg/120px-North_of_Scotland_Bank%2C_5_Castle_Street%2C_Aberdeen%2C_Archibald_Simpson%2C_1839-42.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/North_of_Scotland_Bank%2C_5_Castle_Street%2C_Aberdeen%2C_Archibald_Simpson%2C_1839-42.jpg/180px-North_of_Scotland_Bank%2C_5_Castle_Street%2C_Aberdeen%2C_Archibald_Simpson%2C_1839-42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/North_of_Scotland_Bank%2C_5_Castle_Street%2C_Aberdeen%2C_Archibald_Simpson%2C_1839-42.jpg/240px-North_of_Scotland_Bank%2C_5_Castle_Street%2C_Aberdeen%2C_Archibald_Simpson%2C_1839-42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="1896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">North of Scotland Bank in Aberdeen by <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Simpson" title="Archibald Simpson">Archibald Simpson</a> 1839–42</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balmoral_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balmoral Castle, completely rebuilt for Queen Victoria, an example of the Scots Baronial style"><img alt="Balmoral Castle, completely rebuilt for Queen Victoria, an example of the Scots Baronial style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Balmoral_Castle.jpg/120px-Balmoral_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Balmoral_Castle.jpg/180px-Balmoral_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Balmoral_Castle.jpg/240px-Balmoral_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a>, completely rebuilt for Queen Victoria, an example of the <a href="/wiki/Scots_Baronial_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Baronial Style architecture">Scots Baronial style</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Walsall Victorian Arcade, UK"><img alt="Walsall Victorian Arcade, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG/120px-Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG/180px-Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG/240px-Walsall_Victorian_Arcade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a> Victorian Arcade, UK</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barclay%27s_Bank_building,_Sutton_(Surrey),_Greater_London_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barclays Bank building, Sutton, Greater London"><img alt="Barclays Bank building, Sutton, Greater London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Barclay%27s_Bank_building%2C_Sutton_%28Surrey%29%2C_Greater_London_03.jpg/120px-Barclay%27s_Bank_building%2C_Sutton_%28Surrey%29%2C_Greater_London_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Barclay%27s_Bank_building%2C_Sutton_%28Surrey%29%2C_Greater_London_03.jpg/180px-Barclay%27s_Bank_building%2C_Sutton_%28Surrey%29%2C_Greater_London_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Barclay%27s_Bank_building%2C_Sutton_%28Surrey%29%2C_Greater_London_03.jpg/240px-Barclay%27s_Bank_building%2C_Sutton_%28Surrey%29%2C_Greater_London_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3478" data-file-height="2769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank_building,_Sutton" title="Barclays Bank building, Sutton">Barclays Bank building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton,_London" title="Sutton, London">Sutton</a>, Greater London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Forth Rail Bridge, Firth of Forth, near Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"><img alt="Forth Rail Bridge, Firth of Forth, near Edinburgh, Scotland, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bridge_III.jpg/120px-Bridge_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bridge_III.jpg/180px-Bridge_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bridge_III.jpg/240px-Bridge_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="463" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Forth_Rail_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Forth Rail Bridge">Forth Rail Bridge</a>, Firth of Forth, near Edinburgh, Scotland, UK</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Somerville_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Somerville College, Oxford, UK"><img alt="Somerville College, Oxford, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Somerville_College.jpg/120px-Somerville_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Somerville_College.jpg/180px-Somerville_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Somerville_College.jpg/240px-Somerville_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a>, UK</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_spread_of_Victorian_styles">International spread of Victorian styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International spread of Victorian styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Merchants_Bank_Building,_Shanghai.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/China_Merchants_Bank_Building%2C_Shanghai.JPG/220px-China_Merchants_Bank_Building%2C_Shanghai.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/China_Merchants_Bank_Building%2C_Shanghai.JPG/330px-China_Merchants_Bank_Building%2C_Shanghai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/China_Merchants_Bank_Building%2C_Shanghai.JPG/440px-China_Merchants_Bank_Building%2C_Shanghai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/China_Merchants_Bank_Building,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="China Merchants Bank Building, Shanghai">China Merchants Bank Building</a> is an example of Victorian architecture found in Shanghai, China.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 18th century, a few English architects emigrated to the colonies, but as the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> became firmly established during the 19th century, many architects emigrated at the start of their careers. Some chose the United States, and others went to Canada, Australia , New Zealand, and South Africa. Normally, they applied architectural styles that were fashionable when they left England. By the latter half of the century, however, improving transport and communications meant that even remote parts of the Empire had access to publications such as the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/The_Builder" class="mw-redirect" title="The Builder">The Builder</a></i>, which helped colonial architects keep informed about current fashion. Thus, the influence of English architecture spread across the world. Several prominent architects produced English-derived designs around the world, including <a href="/wiki/William_Butterfield" title="William Butterfield">William Butterfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Adelaide" title="St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide">St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Wrey_Mould" title="Jacob Wrey Mould">Jacob Wrey Mould</a> (Chief Architect of Public Works in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg/220px-Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg/330px-Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg/440px-Melbourne_Collins_Street_Architecture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Modern skyscrapers on <a href="/wiki/Collins_Street,_Melbourne" title="Collins Street, Melbourne">Collins Street, Melbourne</a>, have been deliberately set back from the street in order to retain Victorian-era buildings.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg/220px-Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg/330px-Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg/440px-Winsbury_Terrace_75-79_Kent_Street_Millers_Point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4992" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Most <a href="/wiki/Terraced_houses_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraced houses in Australia">terraces in Australia</a> have been preserved. Pictured are Victorian style terraces in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Victorian period flourished in Australia and is generally recognised as being from 1840 to 1890, which saw a <a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">gold rush</a> and population boom during the 1880s in the states of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria</a>. There were fifteen styles that predominated:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds199440–97_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds199440–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Victorian Georgian</li> <li>Victorian Regency</li> <li>Egyptian</li> <li>Academic Classical</li> <li>Free Classical</li> <li>Filigree</li> <li>Mannerist</li> <li>Second Empire</li> <li>Italianate</li> <li>Romanesque</li> <li>Tudor</li> <li>Academic Gothic</li> <li>Free Gothic</li> <li>Rustic Gothic</li> <li>Carpenter Gothic</li></ul></div> <p>The Arts and Crafts style and Queen Anne style are considered to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_architecture" title="Federation architecture">Federation</a> Period, from 1890 to 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds1994132–143_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds1994132–143-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Melbourne's world heritage Royal Exhibition Building, built in 1880 (Free Classical)"><img alt="Melbourne's world heritage Royal Exhibition Building, built in 1880 (Free Classical)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg/120px-Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg/180px-Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg/240px-Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>'s world heritage <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a>, built in 1880 (Free Classical)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Post_Office,_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Post Office, Sydney, in the Free Classical style (1891)"><img alt="General Post Office, Sydney, in the Free Classical style (1891)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/General_Post_Office%2C_Sydney.jpg/120px-General_Post_Office%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/General_Post_Office%2C_Sydney.jpg/180px-General_Post_Office%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/General_Post_Office%2C_Sydney.jpg/240px-General_Post_Office%2C_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4819" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Sydney" title="General Post Office, Sydney">General Post Office, Sydney</a>, in the Free Classical style (1891)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hotel_Windsor,_Melbourne,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, 1885"><img alt="Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, 1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_Hotel_Windsor%2C_Melbourne%2C_Australia.jpg/120px-The_Hotel_Windsor%2C_Melbourne%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_Hotel_Windsor%2C_Melbourne%2C_Australia.jpg/180px-The_Hotel_Windsor%2C_Melbourne%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_Hotel_Windsor%2C_Melbourne%2C_Australia.jpg/240px-The_Hotel_Windsor%2C_Melbourne%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3108" data-file-height="2605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Windsor,_Melbourne" title="Hotel Windsor, Melbourne">Hotel Windsor, Melbourne</a>, 1885</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide (Gothic Revival)"><img alt="St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide (Gothic Revival)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG/120px-St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG/180px-St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG/240px-St_Peters_Cathedral.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Adelaide" title="St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide">St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide</a> (Gothic Revival)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sydney Town Hall, in Second Empire style"><img alt="Sydney Town Hall, in Second Empire style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg/90px-SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg/135px-SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg/180px-SydneyTownHall_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Town_Hall" title="Sydney Town Hall">Sydney Town Hall</a>, in Second Empire style</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_(AU),_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Victoria Building in Romanesque style (1898)"><img alt="Queen Victoria Building in Romanesque style (1898)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sydney_%28AU%29%2C_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg/120px-Sydney_%28AU%29%2C_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sydney_%28AU%29%2C_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg/180px-Sydney_%28AU%29%2C_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sydney_%28AU%29%2C_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg/240px-Sydney_%28AU%29%2C_Queen_Victoria_Building_--_2019_--_3580.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5539" data-file-height="4154" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Building" title="Queen Victoria Building">Queen Victoria Building</a> in Romanesque style (1898)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South Melbourne Town Hall in Second Empire style"><img alt="South Melbourne Town Hall in Second Empire style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg/120px-South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg/180px-South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg/240px-South_Melbourne_Townhall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5016" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/South_Melbourne_Town_Hall" title="South Melbourne Town Hall">South Melbourne Town Hall</a> in Second Empire style</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, in Victorian Gothic architecture (1882)"><img alt="St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, in Victorian Gothic architecture (1882)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg/120px-StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg/180px-StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg/240px-StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Sydney" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney">St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney</a>, in Victorian Gothic architecture (1882)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:York_Street,_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian Mannerist architecture lining a street in Sydney"><img alt="Victorian Mannerist architecture lining a street in Sydney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/York_Street%2C_Sydney.jpg/120px-York_Street%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/York_Street%2C_Sydney.jpg/180px-York_Street%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/York_Street%2C_Sydney.jpg/240px-York_Street%2C_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian Mannerist architecture lining a street in Sydney</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Theatre, Melbourne"><img alt="Princess Theatre, Melbourne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg/120px-Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg/180px-Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg/240px-Melbourne_Princess_Theatre_Feb_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5259" data-file-height="3416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Theatre,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Theatre, Melbourne">Princess Theatre, Melbourne</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="State Library of Victoria of the Academic Classical style (1870)"><img alt="State Library of Victoria of the Academic Classical style (1870)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg/120px-State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg/180px-State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg/240px-State_Library_of_Victoria_-_right_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="1433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/State_Library_Victoria" title="State Library Victoria">State Library of Victoria</a> of the Academic Classical style (1870)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brookman Hall, UniSA City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia"><img alt="Brookman Hall, UniSA City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg/120px-OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg/180px-OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg/240px-OIC_adelaide_north_terrace_university_bldg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_South_Australia,_School_of_Mines,_North_Terrace,_Adelaide,_South_Australia.jpg" title="File:University of South Australia, School of Mines, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia.jpg">Brookman Hall</a>, UniSA City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelaide_rotunda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gazebo in Adelaide, South Australia"><img alt="Gazebo in Adelaide, South Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Adelaide_rotunda.jpg/120px-Adelaide_rotunda.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Adelaide_rotunda.jpg/180px-Adelaide_rotunda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Adelaide_rotunda.jpg/240px-Adelaide_rotunda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="929" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">Gazebo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide, South Australia">Adelaide, South Australia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(1)Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italianate home in Randwick"><img alt="Italianate home in Randwick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%281%29Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg/120px-%281%29Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%281%29Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg/180px-%281%29Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%281%29Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg/240px-%281%29Italianate_home_Dutruc_Street_Randwick-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="1450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Italianate home in <a href="/wiki/Randwick,_New_South_Wales" title="Randwick, New South Wales">Randwick</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(1)_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Filigree style terraces in Surry Hills with ornate iron-wrought detailing"><img alt="Filigree style terraces in Surry Hills with ornate iron-wrought detailing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%281%29_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG/120px-%281%29_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%281%29_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG/180px-%281%29_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%281%29_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG/240px-%281%29_Nichols_Street_Homes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Filigree_architecture#Victorian_Filigree" title="Filigree architecture">Filigree</a> style terraces in <a href="/wiki/Surry_Hills" title="Surry Hills">Surry Hills</a> with ornate iron-wrought detailing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Empire and Filigree residence in South Yarra"><img alt="Second Empire and Filigree residence in South Yarra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg/120px-Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg/180px-Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg/240px-Goodrest_corner_leopold_and_domain_road_south_yarra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second Empire and <a href="/wiki/Filigree_architecture" title="Filigree architecture">Filigree</a> residence in <a href="/wiki/South_Yarra" title="South Yarra">South Yarra</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western influence in architecture was strong when <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> was a <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony</a>. Victorian architecture in Hong Kong: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Andrew's Church"><img alt="St. Andrew's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg/120px-St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg/180px-St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg/240px-St_Andrew%27s_Church_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Kowloon" title="St Andrew's Church, Kowloon">St. Andrew's Church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. John's Cathedral"><img alt="St. John's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg/120px-St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg/180px-St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg/240px-St_John_Cathedral_Hong_Kong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Cathedral (Hong Kong)">St. John's Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Marine Police Headquarters (now officially named as '1881 Heritage', which is a hotel and a shopping mall)"><img alt="Former Marine Police Headquarters (now officially named as '1881 Heritage', which is a hotel and a shopping mall)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg/120px-1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg/180px-1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg/240px-1881_Heritage_Overview_201108.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Former_Marine_Police_Headquarters" title="Former Marine Police Headquarters">Former Marine Police Headquarters</a> (now officially named as '<a href="/wiki/1881_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="1881 Heritage">1881 Heritage</a>', which is a hotel and a shopping mall)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cobh_(8103172392).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cobh_%288103172392%29.jpg/220px-Cobh_%288103172392%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cobh_%288103172392%29.jpg/330px-Cobh_%288103172392%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cobh_%288103172392%29.jpg/440px-Cobh_%288103172392%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Victorian Queenstown (<a href="/wiki/Cobh" title="Cobh">Cobh</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a> is more prominent in Ireland than Victorian architecture. The cities of Dublin, Limerick, and Cork are famously dominated by <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Green" title="St Stephen's Green">Georgian squares</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Crescent,_Limerick" title="The Crescent, Limerick">terraces</a>. Though Victorian architecture flourished in certain quarters. Particularly around Dublin's <a href="/wiki/Wicklow_Street" title="Wicklow Street">Wicklow Street</a> and Upper <a href="/wiki/Baggot_Street" title="Baggot Street">Baggot Street</a> and in the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Phibsborough" title="Phibsborough">Phibsboro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasnevin" title="Glasnevin">Glasnevin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rathmines" title="Rathmines">Rathmines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranelagh" title="Ranelagh">Ranelagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rathgar" title="Rathgar">Rathgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rathfarnham" title="Rathfarnham">Rathfarnham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terenure" title="Terenure">Terenure</a>. The colourful <a href="/wiki/Italianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianate">Italianate</a> buildings of <a href="/wiki/Cobh" title="Cobh">Cobh</a> are excellent examples of the regional Victorian style in Ireland. Further examples of Victorian architecture in the country include Dublin's <a href="/wiki/George%27s_Street_Arcade" title="George's Street Arcade">George's Street Arcade</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital" title="Royal City of Dublin Hospital">Royal City of Dublin Hospital</a> on Baggot Street and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Eye_and_Ear_Hospital" title="Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital">Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital</a> on Adelaide Road. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Victorian terrace in Cobh known as the "deck of cards""><img alt="A Victorian terrace in Cobh known as the "deck of cards"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG/120px-Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG/180px-Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG/240px-Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4265" data-file-height="3370" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Victorian terrace in <a href="/wiki/Cobh" title="Cobh">Cobh</a> known as the "deck of cards"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian shops and cafes, including the George's Street Arcade, Dublin D02"><img alt="Victorian shops and cafes, including the George's Street Arcade, Dublin D02" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg/120px-South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg/180px-South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg/240px-South_Great_George%27s_Street_Dublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4548" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian shops and cafes, including the <a href="/wiki/George%27s_Street_Arcade" title="George's Street Arcade">George's Street Arcade</a>, Dublin <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">D02</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baggot_Street_Upper,_Dublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian Upper Baggot Street, Dublin D02"><img alt="Victorian Upper Baggot Street, Dublin D02" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Baggot_Street_Upper%2C_Dublin.jpg/120px-Baggot_Street_Upper%2C_Dublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Baggot_Street_Upper%2C_Dublin.jpg/180px-Baggot_Street_Upper%2C_Dublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Baggot_Street_Upper%2C_Dublin.jpg/240px-Baggot_Street_Upper%2C_Dublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian Upper <a href="/wiki/Baggot_Street" title="Baggot Street">Baggot Street</a>, Dublin <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">D02</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D6W_pillar_box.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian terraced houses in Dublin D6W"><img alt="Victorian terraced houses in Dublin D6W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/D6W_pillar_box.jpg/120px-D6W_pillar_box.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/D6W_pillar_box.jpg/180px-D6W_pillar_box.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/D6W_pillar_box.jpg/240px-D6W_pillar_box.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian terraced houses in Dublin <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">D6W</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rathmines_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rathmines Clock Tower, Rathmines, Dublin D06"><img alt="Rathmines Clock Tower, Rathmines, Dublin D06" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rathmines_Road.jpg/120px-Rathmines_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rathmines_Road.jpg/180px-Rathmines_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rathmines_Road.jpg/240px-Rathmines_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6958" data-file-height="5304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rathmines Clock Tower, Rathmines, Dublin <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">D06</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Royal City of Dublin Hospital, Dublin D04"><img alt="The Royal City of Dublin Hospital, Dublin D04" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg/120px-The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg/180px-The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg/240px-The_Royal_City_of_Dublin_Hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Royal City of Dublin Hospital, Dublin <a href="/wiki/Dublin_4" title="Dublin 4">D04</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_(Dublin)_(7951823690).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Botanic Gardens glasshouse, Glasnevin, Dublin D09"><img alt="National Botanic Gardens glasshouse, Glasnevin, Dublin D09" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_%28Dublin%29_%287951823690%29.jpg/120px-Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_%28Dublin%29_%287951823690%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_%28Dublin%29_%287951823690%29.jpg/180px-Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_%28Dublin%29_%287951823690%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_%28Dublin%29_%287951823690%29.jpg/240px-Botanic_Gardens_In_Glasnevin_%28Dublin%29_%287951823690%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">National Botanic Gardens glasshouse, Glasnevin, Dublin D09</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin D02"><img alt="The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin D02" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royal_Victoria.jpg/120px-Royal_Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royal_Victoria.jpg/180px-Royal_Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royal_Victoria.jpg/240px-Royal_Victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin <a href="/wiki/Dublin_2" title="Dublin 2">D02</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the British colonial period of British Ceylon: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Law_College" title="Sri Lanka Law College">Sri Lanka Law College</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_College_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lanka College of Technology (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka College of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face_Hotel" title="Galle Face Hotel">Galle Face Hotel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Medical_royal_college" title="Medical royal college">Royal College</a> Main Building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1,_SF,_CA,_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1%2C_SF%2C_CA%2C_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg/220px-Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1%2C_SF%2C_CA%2C_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1%2C_SF%2C_CA%2C_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg/330px-Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1%2C_SF%2C_CA%2C_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1%2C_SF%2C_CA%2C_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg/440px-Alamo_Sq_Painted_Ladies_1%2C_SF%2C_CA%2C_jjron_26.03.2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2930" data-file-height="2049" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Painted_Ladies" class="mw-redirect" title="Painted Ladies">Painted Ladies</a> are an example of Victorian architecture found in San Francisco, California.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, 'Victorian' architecture generally describes styles that were most popular between 1860 and 1900. A list of these styles most commonly includes <a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Empire (architecture)">Second Empire</a> (1855–85), <a href="/wiki/Stick-Eastlake" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick-Eastlake">Stick-Eastlake</a> (1860–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1890</span>), <a href="/wiki/Folk_Victorian" title="Folk Victorian">Folk Victorian</a> (1870–1910), <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_Style_architecture_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Anne Style architecture (United States)">Queen Anne</a> (1880–1910), <a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a> (1880–1900), and <a href="/wiki/Shingle_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingle Style architecture">Shingle</a> (1880–1900). As in the United Kingdom, examples of Gothic Revival and Italianate continued to be constructed during this period and are therefore sometimes called Victorian. Some historians classify the later years of Gothic Revival as a distinctive Victorian style named High Victorian Gothic. <a href="/wiki/Stick-Eastlake" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick-Eastlake">Stick-Eastlake</a>, a manner of geometric, machine-cut decorating derived from Stick and Queen Anne, is sometimes considered a distinct style. On the other hand, terms such as "<a href="/wiki/Painted_Ladies" class="mw-redirect" title="Painted Ladies">Painted Ladies</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Gingerbread_(architecture)" title="Gingerbread (architecture)">gingerbread</a>" may be used to describe certain Victorian buildings, but do not constitute a specific style. The names of architectural styles (as well as their adaptations) varied between countries. Many homes combined the elements of several different styles and are not easily distinguishable as one particular style or another. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg/220px-Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg/330px-Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg/440px-Victorian_facades_on_16th_Street_in_San_Francisco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4989" data-file-height="3326" /></a><figcaption>Victorian facades on 16th Street, San Francisco</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable Victorian-inspired cities during this era include, <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>; <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alameda,_California" title="Alameda, California">Alameda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_California" title="Eureka, California">Eureka</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Sacramento" title="Midtown Sacramento">Midtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Flatbush" title="Victorian Flatbush">Victorian Flatbush</a> sections of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>; <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean Grove, New Jersey">Ocean Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_May,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May, New Jersey">Cape May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deal,_New_Jersey" title="Deal, New Jersey">Deal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemington,_New_Jersey" title="Flemington, New Jersey">Flemington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freehold_Borough,_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Borough, New Jersey">Freehold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hackettstown,_New_Jersey" title="Hackettstown, New Jersey">Hackettstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metuchen,_New_Jersey" title="Metuchen, New Jersey">Metuchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ridgewood,_New_Jersey" title="Ridgewood, New Jersey">Ridgewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="Plainfield, New Jersey">Plainfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Summit,_New_Jersey" title="Summit, New Jersey">Summit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westfield,_New_Jersey" title="Westfield, New Jersey">Westfield</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winnetka,_Illinois" title="Winnetka, Illinois">Winnetka</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a> in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a> in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>; <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> grew from a <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_de_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo de Los Angeles">Pueblo</a> (village) into a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Victorian Downtown Los Angeles">Victorian Downtown</a> – now almost entirely demolished but with residential remnants in its <a href="/wiki/Angelino_Heights,_Los_Angeles" title="Angelino Heights, Los Angeles">Angelino Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westlake,_Los_Angeles" title="Westlake, Los Angeles">Westlake</a> neighborhoods. San Francisco is particularly well known for its extensive Victorian architecture, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Haight-Ashbury" title="Haight-Ashbury">Haight-Ashbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Haight" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Haight">Lower Haight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamo Square">Alamo Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Addition" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Addition">Western Addition</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mission,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mission, San Francisco">Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duboce_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Duboce Triangle">Duboce Triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noe_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Noe Valley">Noe Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Castro,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="The Castro, San Francisco">Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nob_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Nob Hill">Nob Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Heights">Pacific Heights</a> neighborhoods. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2458_Robinwood_Avenue,_exterior_views,_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_(page_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2458_Robinwood_Avenue%2C_exterior_views%2C_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_%28page_1%29.jpg/220px-2458_Robinwood_Avenue%2C_exterior_views%2C_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_%28page_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2458_Robinwood_Avenue%2C_exterior_views%2C_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_%28page_1%29.jpg/330px-2458_Robinwood_Avenue%2C_exterior_views%2C_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_%28page_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2458_Robinwood_Avenue%2C_exterior_views%2C_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_%28page_1%29.jpg/440px-2458_Robinwood_Avenue%2C_exterior_views%2C_2019_-_DPLA_-_331abc230f770b82a2c1bd873baa6201_%28page_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>An example of residential architecture in the <a href="/wiki/Old_West_End_District_(Toledo,_Ohio)" title="Old West End District (Toledo, Ohio)">Old West End District (Toledo, Ohio)</a>, a well preserved historic district full of Victorian architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>The extent to which any one is the "largest surviving example" is debated, with numerous qualifications. The <a href="/wiki/Distillery_District" title="Distillery District">Distillery District</a> in Toronto, Ontario contains the largest and best-preserved collection of Victorian-era industrial architecture in North America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Cabbagetown_(Toronto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabbagetown (Toronto)">Cabbagetown</a> is the largest and most continuous Victorian residential area in North America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other Toronto Victorian neighbourhoods include <a href="/wiki/The_Annex" title="The Annex">The Annex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkdale,_Toronto" title="Parkdale, Toronto">Parkdale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Toronto" title="Rosedale, Toronto">Rosedale</a>. In the US, the <a href="/wiki/South_End,_Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="South End, Boston, Massachusetts">South End</a> of Boston is recognized by the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> as the oldest and largest Victorian neighborhood in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_Louisville" title="Old Louisville">Old Louisville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, also claims to be the nation's largest Victorian neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a> is home to several large Victorian neighborhoods, the most prominent being <a href="/wiki/Fan_District" title="Fan District">The Fan</a>. The Fan district is best known locally as Richmond's largest and most 'European' of Richmond's neighborhoods and nationally as the largest contiguous Victorian neighborhood in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Old_West_End_District_(Toledo,_Ohio)" title="Old West End District (Toledo, Ohio)">Old West End</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a> is recognized as the largest collection of late Victorian and <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian</a> homes in the United States, east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stine_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Summit_Avenue_(St._Paul)" title="Summit Avenue (St. Paul)">Summit Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a>, has the longest line of Victorian homes in the country. <a href="/wiki/Over-The-Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-The-Rhine">Over-The-Rhine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a>, has the largest collection of early Victorian <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate architecture</a> in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is an example of an intact 19th-century urban neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-otr_historic_signs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otr_historic_signs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to National Register of Historic Places, <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_Historic_District" title="Cape May Historic District">Cape May Historic District</a> has one of the largest collections of late 19th century frame buildings left in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The photo album <i>L'Architecture Americaine</i> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Levy_(photographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Levy (photographer)">Albert Levy</a> published in 1886 is perhaps the first recognition in Europe of the new forces emerging in North American architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1975_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1975-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, by Frank Furness"><img alt="Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, by Frank Furness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-PAFA_1900_from_Library_of_Congress_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts</a>, Philadelphia, by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Furness" title="Frank Furness">Frank Furness</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allegheny County Courthouse, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Henry Hobson Richardson"><img alt="Allegheny County Courthouse, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Henry Hobson Richardson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg/76px-AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg/114px-AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg/152px-AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="2586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_County_Courthouse" title="Allegheny County Courthouse">Allegheny County Courthouse</a>, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hobson_Richardson" title="Henry Hobson Richardson">Henry Hobson Richardson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The California Southern Railroad's San Diego passenger terminal, built in 1887"><img alt="The California Southern Railroad's San Diego passenger terminal, built in 1887" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg/120px-Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg/180px-Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg/240px-Santa_Fe_passenger_terminal_in_San_Diego_prior_to_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/California_Southern_Railroad" title="California Southern Railroad">California Southern Railroad</a>'s San Diego passenger terminal, built in 1887</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brooklyn Bridge, 1883, New York City"><img alt="Brooklyn Bridge, 1883, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/120px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/180px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/240px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2377" data-file-height="1925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>, 1883, New York City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Carson Mansion in Eureka, California, widely considered one of the highest executions of Queen Anne style, built 1884–86"><img alt="The Carson Mansion in Eureka, California, widely considered one of the highest executions of Queen Anne style, built 1884–86" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg/120px-Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg/180px-Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg/240px-Carson_Mansion_Eureka_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Carson_Mansion" title="Carson Mansion">Carson Mansion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_California" title="Eureka, California">Eureka, California</a>, widely considered one of the highest executions of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne style</a>, built 1884–86</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SteinbeckHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Steinbeck's childhood home in Salinas, California"><img alt="John Steinbeck's childhood home in Salinas, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SteinbeckHouse.jpg/120px-SteinbeckHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SteinbeckHouse.jpg/180px-SteinbeckHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SteinbeckHouse.jpg/240px-SteinbeckHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s childhood home in <a href="/wiki/Salinas,_California" title="Salinas, California">Salinas, California</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emlen-physick-estate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emlen Physick Estate in Cape May Historic District, New Jersey, by Frank Furness"><img alt="Emlen Physick Estate in Cape May Historic District, New Jersey, by Frank Furness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emlen-physick-estate.jpg/120px-Emlen-physick-estate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emlen-physick-estate.jpg/180px-Emlen-physick-estate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emlen-physick-estate.jpg/240px-Emlen-physick-estate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1958" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emlen_Physick_Estate" title="Emlen Physick Estate">Emlen Physick Estate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_Historic_District" title="Cape May Historic District">Cape May Historic District</a>, New Jersey, by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Furness" title="Frank Furness">Frank Furness</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Saitta House, Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, New York, built in 1899 is designed in the Queen Anne style[17]"><img alt="The Saitta House, Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, New York, built in 1899 is designed in the Queen Anne style[17]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG/90px-Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG/135px-Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG/180px-Saitta_House_Dyker_Heights.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Saitta_House" title="Saitta House">Saitta House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dyker_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyker Heights">Dyker Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, built in <a href="/wiki/1899_in_architecture" title="1899 in architecture">1899</a> is designed in the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne style</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880,_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1880s photo of 653 W Wrightwood (now 655 W Wrightwood) in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois"><img alt="1880s photo of 653 W Wrightwood (now 655 W Wrightwood) in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880%2C_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg/78px-655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880%2C_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880%2C_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg/117px-655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880%2C_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880%2C_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg/156px-655_Wrightwood_Avenue_Circa_1880%2C_Lincoln_Park_Chicago_Illinois.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1880s photo of 653 W Wrightwood (now 655 W Wrightwood) in the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park" title="Lincoln Park">Lincoln Park</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Italianate style Farnam Mansion in Oneida, New York. Built circa 1862"><img alt="The Italianate style Farnam Mansion in Oneida, New York. Built circa 1862" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg/120px-Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg/180px-Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg/240px-Farnam_Mansion_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Italianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianate">Italianate</a> style <a href="/wiki/Farnam_Mansion" title="Farnam Mansion">Farnam Mansion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oneida,_New_York" title="Oneida, New York">Oneida, New York</a>. Built circa 1862</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JamesJHillHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James J. Hill House in St. Paul, Minnesota, built in 1891"><img alt="James J. Hill House in St. Paul, Minnesota, built in 1891" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/JamesJHillHouse.jpg/120px-JamesJHillHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/JamesJHillHouse.jpg/180px-JamesJHillHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/JamesJHillHouse.jpg/240px-JamesJHillHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2166" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/James_J._Hill_House" title="James J. Hill House">James J. Hill House</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a>, built in 1891</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victorian_Gazebo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victorian gazebo in Ohio"><img alt="Victorian gazebo in Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Victorian_Gazebo.jpg/120px-Victorian_Gazebo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Victorian_Gazebo.jpg/180px-Victorian_Gazebo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Victorian_Gazebo.jpg/240px-Victorian_Gazebo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2675" data-file-height="1966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victorian <a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">gazebo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Series of Italianate tenements in Over-The-Rhine, Cincinnati, Ohio"><img alt="Series of Italianate tenements in Over-The-Rhine, Cincinnati, Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg/120px-Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg/180px-Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg/240px-Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2276" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Series of <a href="/wiki/Italianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianate">Italianate</a> <a href="/wiki/Tenements" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenements">tenements</a> in <a href="/wiki/Over-The-Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-The-Rhine">Over-The-Rhine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant, Detroit, Michigan, built 1904"><img alt="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant, Detroit, Michigan, built 1904" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg/120px-Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg/180px-Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg/240px-Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Front_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="2895" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant" title="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant">Ford Piquette Avenue Plant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, built 1904</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gingerbread trim on an 1882 house in Cape May, New Jersey[18][19]"><img alt="Gingerbread trim on an 1882 house in Cape May, New Jersey[18][19]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg/120px-Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg/180px-Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg/240px-Cape_may_pink_victorian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread_trim" class="mw-redirect" title="Gingerbread trim">Gingerbread trim</a> on an 1882 house in <a href="/wiki/Cape_May,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May, New Jersey">Cape May, New Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:206_West_Moore_Street,_Hackettstown,_NJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jacob C. Allen House (c. 1870) in Hackettstown, New Jersey"><img alt="The Jacob C. Allen House (c. 1870) in Hackettstown, New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/206_West_Moore_Street%2C_Hackettstown%2C_NJ.jpg/120px-206_West_Moore_Street%2C_Hackettstown%2C_NJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/206_West_Moore_Street%2C_Hackettstown%2C_NJ.jpg/180px-206_West_Moore_Street%2C_Hackettstown%2C_NJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/206_West_Moore_Street%2C_Hackettstown%2C_NJ.jpg/240px-206_West_Moore_Street%2C_Hackettstown%2C_NJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2196" data-file-height="2196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Jacob_C._Allen_House" title="Jacob C. Allen House">Jacob C. Allen House</a> (c. 1870) in <a href="/wiki/Hackettstown,_New_Jersey" title="Hackettstown, New Jersey">Hackettstown, New Jersey</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canada's <a href="/wiki/Chief_Dominion_Architect" title="Chief Dominion Architect">chief dominion architects</a> designed numerous federal buildings over the course of the Victorian era. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fuller_(architect)" title="Thomas Fuller (architect)">Thomas Fuller's</a> completion of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament_Buildings" title="Canadian Parliament Buildings">Canadian Parliament Buildings</a> in 1866, in particular, established a High Victorian Gothic influence over Canadian architectural design for several consecutive decades, producing many public buildings, churches, residences, industrial buildings, and hotels.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabbagetown_houses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cabbagetown_houses.jpg/220px-Cabbagetown_houses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cabbagetown_houses.jpg/330px-Cabbagetown_houses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cabbagetown_houses.jpg/440px-Cabbagetown_houses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Brick Victorian styled homes were built throughout <a href="/wiki/Cabbagetown,_Toronto" title="Cabbagetown, Toronto">Cabbagetown, Toronto</a> in the late 19th and early 20th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_distillery.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Stone_distillery.JPG/220px-Stone_distillery.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Stone_distillery.JPG/330px-Stone_distillery.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Stone_distillery.JPG/440px-Stone_distillery.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="The Stone Distillery">The Stone Distillery</a>, an example of Victorian industrial architecture</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg/220px-South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg/330px-South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg/440px-South-east_grotesque_on_Peace_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="2872" /></a><figcaption>One of four grotesques at the corners of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Tower" title="Peace Tower">Peace Tower</a></figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Banff Springs Hotel"><img alt="Banff Springs Hotel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg/120px-Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg/180px-Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg/240px-Banff_Springs_Hotel1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Banff_Springs_Hotel" title="Banff Springs Hotel">Banff Springs Hotel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate"><img alt="Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg/120px-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg/180px-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg/240px-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate" title="Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate">Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Columbia_Parliament_Building,_Victoria,_British_Columbia,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="British Columbia Parliament Buildings (main block)"><img alt="British Columbia Parliament Buildings (main block)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/British_Columbia_Parliament_Building%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada.jpg/120px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Building%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/British_Columbia_Parliament_Building%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada.jpg/180px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Building%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/British_Columbia_Parliament_Building%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada.jpg/240px-British_Columbia_Parliament_Building%2C_Victoria%2C_British_Columbia%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3812" data-file-height="3329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Parliament_Buildings" title="British Columbia Parliament Buildings">British Columbia Parliament Buildings</a> (main block)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Chambers (Ottawa)"><img alt="Central Chambers (Ottawa)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg/120px-Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg/180px-Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg/240px-Central_Chambers_-_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="2511" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_Chambers_(Ottawa)" title="Central Chambers (Ottawa)">Central Chambers (Ottawa)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Château Frontenac"><img alt="Château Frontenac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg/120px-2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg/180px-2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg/240px-2016-11_Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac" title="Château Frontenac">Château Frontenac</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)"><img alt="Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg/120px-Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg/180px-Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg/240px-Christ_Church_Cathedral_day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral_(Montreal)" title="Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)">Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Fredericton,_New_Brunswick_(2005).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)"><img alt="Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Christ_Church_Cathedral%2C_Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick_%282005%29.jpg/90px-Christ_Church_Cathedral%2C_Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick_%282005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Christ_Church_Cathedral%2C_Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick_%282005%29.jpg/135px-Christ_Church_Cathedral%2C_Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick_%282005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Christ_Church_Cathedral%2C_Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick_%282005%29.jpg/180px-Christ_Church_Cathedral%2C_Fredericton%2C_New_Brunswick_%282005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral_(Fredericton)" title="Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)">Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south,_Victoria,_Canada_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Craigdarroch Castle"><img alt="Craigdarroch Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg/120px-Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg/180px-Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg/240px-Craigdarroch_Castle_just_after_sunset_-_view_from_the_south%2C_Victoria%2C_Canada_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="2532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Craigdarroch_Castle" title="Craigdarroch Castle">Craigdarroch Castle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halifax_Armoury.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Halifax Armoury"><img alt="Halifax Armoury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Halifax_Armoury.JPG/120px-Halifax_Armoury.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Halifax_Armoury.JPG/180px-Halifax_Armoury.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Halifax_Armoury.JPG/240px-Halifax_Armoury.JPG 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Armoury" title="Halifax Armoury">Halifax Armoury</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lady Meredith House"><img alt="Lady Meredith House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg/120px-Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg/180px-Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg/240px-Residence_H-Vincent-Meredith_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Meredith_House" title="Lady Meredith House">Lady Meredith House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Montreal City Hall"><img alt="Montreal City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG/120px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG/180px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG/240px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Montreal_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_City_Hall" title="Montreal City Hall">Montreal City Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Langevin_Block_(2013)(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council (formerly Langevin Block)"><img alt="Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council (formerly Langevin Block)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Langevin_Block_%282013%29%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Langevin_Block_%282013%29%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Langevin_Block_%282013%29%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Langevin_Block_%282013%29%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Langevin_Block_%282013%29%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Langevin_Block_%282013%29%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4369" data-file-height="2421" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Privy_Council" title="Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council">Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council</a> (formerly Langevin Block)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Galt Post Office Building"><img alt="Old Galt Post Office Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg/120px-Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg/180px-Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg/240px-Old_Post_Office_Galt_Cambridge_Ontario_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old Galt Post Office Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Toronto City Hall"><img alt="Old Toronto City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg/78px-Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg/117px-Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg/157px-Torontos_Old_City_Hall_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2742" data-file-height="4197" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Old_Toronto_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Toronto City Hall">Old Toronto City Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Parliament Buildings (Centre Block and Library)"><img alt="Parliament Buildings (Centre Block and Library)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG/120px-Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG/180px-Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG/240px-Dawn_at_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parliament Buildings (Centre Block and Library)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_Viger_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Place Viger"><img alt="Place Viger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gare_Viger_16.jpg/120px-Gare_Viger_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gare_Viger_16.jpg/180px-Gare_Viger_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gare_Viger_16.jpg/240px-Gare_Viger_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6630" data-file-height="3345" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Place_Viger" title="Place Viger">Place Viger</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London-OntarioChurch2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario)"><img alt="St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/London-OntarioChurch2.jpg/120px-London-OntarioChurch2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/London-OntarioChurch2.jpg/180px-London-OntarioChurch2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/London-OntarioChurch2.jpg/240px-London-OntarioChurch2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral_(London,_Ontario)" title="St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario)">St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Algonquin"><img alt="The Algonquin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg/120px-The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg/180px-The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg/240px-The_Algonquin_in_St_Andrews.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Algonquin_Resort" title="The Algonquin Resort">The Algonquin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Fuller Building (Brockville, Ontario)"><img alt="Thomas Fuller Building (Brockville, Ontario)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG/120px-Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG/180px-Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG/240px-Brockville_Fuller_Bldg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2463" data-file-height="1842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thomas Fuller Building (<a href="/wiki/Brockville,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Brockville, Ontario">Brockville, Ontario</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uoft_universitycollege.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University College, Toronto Main Building"><img alt="University College, Toronto Main Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Uoft_universitycollege.jpg/120px-Uoft_universitycollege.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Uoft_universitycollege.jpg/180px-Uoft_universitycollege.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Uoft_universitycollege.jpg/240px-Uoft_universitycollege.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_College,_Toronto" title="University College, Toronto">University College, Toronto</a> Main Building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument,_Winnipeg,_MB,_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winnipeg City Hall (1887)"><img alt="Winnipeg City Hall (1887)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument%2C_Winnipeg%2C_MB%2C_1887.jpg/96px-City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument%2C_Winnipeg%2C_MB%2C_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument%2C_Winnipeg%2C_MB%2C_1887.jpg/144px-City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument%2C_Winnipeg%2C_MB%2C_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument%2C_Winnipeg%2C_MB%2C_1887.jpg/192px-City_Hall_and_Volunteer_Monument%2C_Winnipeg%2C_MB%2C_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Winnipeg City Hall (1887)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because India was a colony of Britain, Victorian Architecture is prevalent in India, especially in cities like <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mumbai" title="Architecture of Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, Kolkata, Kerala and Chennai. In Mumbai (Formerly called Bombay) buildings like <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_Building,_Mumbai" title="Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai">Municipal Corporation Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">Bombay University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai" title="The Asiatic Society of Mumbai">Asiatic Society of Mumbai Building (Former Town Hall)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library" title="David Sassoon Library">David Sasoon Library</a> are some examples of Victorian Architecture in Mumbai. In Kolkata (Formerly called Calcutta) buildings like the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial,_Kolkata" title="Victoria Memorial, Kolkata">Victoria Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_High_Court" title="Calcutta High Court">Calcutta High Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Kolkata" title="St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata">St Paul's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asiatic Society of Bengal">The Asiatic Society of Bengal</a> are some examples of Victorian Architecture in Kolkata. In Chennai (Formerly called Madras) some examples include <a href="/wiki/Madras_High_Court" title="Madras High Court">Madras High court</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Bank_of_Madras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Bank of Madras (page does not exist)">State Bank of Madras</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Chennai" title="St. Mary's Church, Chennai">St. Mary's Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many churches and colleges such as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Cathedral_Basilica,_Kochi" title="Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica, Kochi">Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Thiruvananthapuram" title="University College Thiruvananthapuram">University College Trivandrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/College_of_Fine_Arts_Trivandrum" title="College of Fine Arts Trivandrum">Government College of Fine Arts Trivandrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napier_Museum" title="Napier Museum">Napier Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Central_Library,_Kerala" title="State Central Library, Kerala">State Central Library of Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_Victoria_College,_Palakkad" title="Government Victoria College, Palakkad">Government Victoria College Palakkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/CMS_College_Kottayam" title="CMS College Kottayam">CMS College Kottayam</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Berchmans_College" title="St. Berchmans College">SB College Changanasserry</a> are some of finest examples of Victorian architecture in Kerala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation">Preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efforts to preserve landmarks of Victorian architecture are ongoing and are often led by the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian Society">Victorian Society</a>. A recent campaign the group has taken on is the preservation of Victorian <a href="/wiki/Gas_holder" title="Gas holder">gasometers</a> after utility companies announced plans to demolish nearly 200 of the now-outdated structures.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian architecture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Fonthill-Abbey">"Fonthill Abbey | house, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Fonthill+Abbey+%7C+house%2C+Wiltshire%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FFonthill-Abbey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blank, Alan; McEvoy, Michael; Plank, Roger (1993). Architecture and Construction in Steel. Taylor & Francis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-419-17660-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-419-17660-8">0-419-17660-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds199440–97-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds199440–97_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFApperlyIrvingReynolds1994">Apperly, Irving & Reynolds 1994</a>, pp. 40–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds1994132–143-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApperlyIrvingReynolds1994132–143_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFApperlyIrvingReynolds1994">Apperly, Irving & Reynolds 1994</a>, pp. 132–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112322/http://www.southendrealty.com/Community/Community.aspx">"South End Realty Community"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southendrealty.com/Community/Community.aspx">the original</a> on 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+End+Realty+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southendrealty.com%2FCommunity%2FCommunity.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southendhistoricalsociety.org/">"South End Historical Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+End+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southendhistoricalsociety.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louisvilleky.gov/Visitors/Louisville+Facts+and+Firsts.htm">"Louisville Facts & Firsts"</a>. LouisvilleKy.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110825/http://www.louisvilleky.gov/Visitors/Louisville%2BFacts%2Band%2BFirsts.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louisville+Facts+%26+Firsts&rft.pub=LouisvilleKy.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisvilleky.gov%2FVisitors%2FLouisville%2BFacts%2Band%2BFirsts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091127214207/http://www.oldlouisville.com/old_louisville.htm">"What is Old Louisville?"</a>. Old Louisville Guide. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldlouisville.com/old_louisville.htm">the original</a> on 27 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Old+Louisville%3F&rft.pub=Old+Louisville+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldlouisville.com%2Fold_louisville.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201182516/http://www.pps.org/great_public_spaces/one?public_place_id=785&type_id=14">"The Fan District – Great Public Spaces- Project for Public Spaces (PPS)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pps.org/great_public_spaces/one?public_place_id=785&type_id=14">the original</a> on 1 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fan+District+%E2%80%93+Great+Public+Spaces-+Project+for+Public+Spaces+%28PPS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pps.org%2Fgreat_public_spaces%2Fone%3Fpublic_place_id%3D785%26type_id%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stine-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stine_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stine, L. (2005) Historic Old West End Toledo, Ohio. Bookmasters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quinlivan (2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cincinnati.com/blogs/developingnow/2012/01/04/demolition-begins-in-over-the-rhine/">"Cincinnati.com"</a>. <i>Cincinnati.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120193347/http://www2.cincinnati.com/blogs/developingnow/2012/01/04/demolition-begins-in-over-the-rhine/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cincinnati.com&rft.atitle=Cincinnati.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcincinnati.com%2Fblogs%2Fdevelopingnow%2F2012%2F01%2F04%2Fdemolition-begins-in-over-the-rhine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonely_Planet2016" class="citation web cs1">Lonely Planet (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/travel-tips-and-articles/76941">"Top 10 US travel destinations for 2012"</a>. <i>Lonely Planet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906082717/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/travel-tips-and-articles/76941">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Top+10+US+travel+destinations+for+2012&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.au=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fusa%2Ftravel-tips-and-articles%2F76941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-otr_historic_signs-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-otr_historic_signs_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Over-the-Rhine Chamber of Commerce, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otrchamber.com/content.jsp?articleId=158">Over-the-Rhine Historical Sites</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090911195043/http://www.otrchamber.com/content.jsp?articleId=158">Archived</a> 11 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/2935b2af-69ac-4f5e-b0b3-3caa1094086b/">"Cape May Historic District"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cape+May+Historic+District&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FGetAsset%2F2935b2af-69ac-4f5e-b0b3-3caa1094086b%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1975-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1975_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1975">Lewis 1975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dykerheightscivicassociation.com/saittareport.pdf">Saitta House - Report Part 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216233832/http://www.dykerheightscivicassociation.com/saittareport.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>",<i>DykerHeightsCivicAssociation.com</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thisoldhouse.com/ideas/gingerbread-trim">"Gingerbread Trim: Feast your eyes on these ornate Victorian-era embellishments"</a>. This Old House. 2 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gingerbread+Trim%3A+Feast+your+eyes+on+these+ornate+Victorian-era+embellishments&rft.pub=This+Old+House&rft.date=2007-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisoldhouse.com%2Fideas%2Fgingerbread-trim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://loc.gov/pictures/item/nj0026/">"Eldridge Johnson House, 33 Perry Street (moved from 225 Congress Street), Cape May, Cape May County, NJ"</a>. Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eldridge+Johnson+House%2C+33+Perry+Street+%28moved+from+225+Congress+Street%29%2C+Cape+May%2C+Cape+May+County%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Historic+American+Buildings+Survey+%28Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Floc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2Fnj0026%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Thomas (2015) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-architecture-1867-1914">"Canadian Architecture: 1867-1914"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Architecture%3A+1867-1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fcanadian-architecture-1867-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span> <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Retrieved 11 April 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victorianweb.org/victorian/history/empire/india/architecture.html">"British India and Victorian-Era Architecture"</a>. <i>victorianweb.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=victorianweb.org&rft.atitle=British+India+and+Victorian-Era+Architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictorianweb.org%2Fvictorian%2Fhistory%2Fempire%2Findia%2Farchitecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sean O'Hagan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/14/gasometers-gas-holders-hold-on-for-a-new-life-repurposing">Gasworks wonders…</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923084931/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/14/gasometers-gas-holders-hold-on-for-a-new-life-repurposing">Archived</a> 23 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 14 June 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApperlyIrvingReynolds1994" class="citation book cs1">Apperly, Richard; Irving, Robert; Reynolds, Peter L. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UtBHAAACAAJ"><i>A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present</i></a>. Angus & Robertson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-207-18562-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-207-18562-5"><bdi>978-0-207-18562-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Pictorial+Guide+to+Identifying+Australian+Architecture%3A+Styles+and+Terms+from+1788+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-207-18562-5&rft.aulast=Apperly&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Irving%2C+Robert&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Peter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7UtBHAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixonMuthesius1978" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Roger; Muthesius, Stefan (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dL3CQgAACAAJ"><i>Victorian Architecture: With a Short Dictionary of Architects and 251 Illustrations</i></a>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-18163-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-18163-8"><bdi>978-0-500-18163-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Architecture%3A+With+a+Short+Dictionary+of+Architects+and+251+Illustrations&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-500-18163-8&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Muthesius%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdL3CQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1975" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Arnold (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780486231778"><i>American Victorian architecture: a survey of the 70's and 80's in contemporary photographs</i></a></span>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-23177-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-23177-8"><bdi>978-0-486-23177-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Victorian+architecture%3A+a+survey+of+the+70%27s+and+80%27s+in+contemporary+photographs&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-486-23177-8&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780486231778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrentice1986" class="citation book cs1">Prentice, Helaine K. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nxU8i-t5_9gC"><i>Rehab Right</i></a>. Ten Speed Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89815-172-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89815-172-5"><bdi>978-0-89815-172-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rehab+Right&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-89815-172-5&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=Helaine+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnxU8i-t5_9gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorian+architecture" class="Z3988"></span>, includes descriptions of different Victorian and early-20th-century architectural styles common in the San Francisco Bay Area, particularly <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, and detailed instructions for repair and restoration of details common to older house styles.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorian_architecture&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalmetal.company/online/news/victorian/">Decorative Hardware of the Victorian Era: An American. Perspective, Raheel Ahmad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houseofantiquehardware.com/site/timeline/tl_victorian.html">History and Style of Victorian Architecture and Hardware</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achome.co.uk/architecture/manchester/manchester.htm">Manchester, a Victorian City</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicalhamilton.com">Photographs of Victorian Homes in Hamilton, Ontario Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://victoriansanfrancisco.com/">Victorian era architecture in San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffaloah.com/">Victorian era architecture and history in Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodhomeandgarden.com/victorian-style/">Architectural influences on Victorian style</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianchurches.blogspot.co.uk">Victorian churches blog</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Architecture_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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href="/wiki/Architecture_of_England" title="Architecture of England">Architecture of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_architecture" title="Anglo-Saxon architecture">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxo-Norman#Architecture" title="Saxo-Norman">Saxo-Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_architecture" title="Elizabethan architecture">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobean_architecture" title="Jacobean architecture">Jacobean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_style" title="Restoration style">Carolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberry Hill Gothic">Strawberry Hill Gothic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Byzantine" title="Bristol Byzantine">Bristol Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westminster Hall"><img alt="Westminster Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/70px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/105px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/140px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="860" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_England" title="Category:Buildings and structures in England">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_England" title="List of castles in England">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_England" title="List of monastic houses in England">Abbeys and priories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_medieval_cathedrals_of_England" title="Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England">Medieval cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_cathedrals_in_Great_Britain" title="List of former cathedrals in Great Britain">Former cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-tower_church" title="Round-tower church">Round-tower churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_villas_in_England" title="List of Roman villas in England">Roman villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom#England" title="List of country houses in the United Kingdom">Historic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_house" title="Hall house">Hall houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Renaissance_theatres" title="List of English Renaissance theatres">Renaissance theatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_England" title="Listed buildings in England">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_England" title="List of museums in England">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_church_monuments" title="English church monuments">Church monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Trust_properties_in_England" title="List of National Trust properties in England">National Trust properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_England" title="List of windmills in England">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu temples in England">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_England" title="List of stadiums in England">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_England" title="List of lighthouses in England">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_London" title="Architecture of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Birmingham" title="Architecture of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Liverpool" title="Architecture of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Manchester" title="Architecture of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Bath" title="Buildings and architecture of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Bristol" title="Buildings and architecture of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof" title="Hammerbeam roof">Hammerbeam roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_vault" title="Fan vault">Fan vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastle_house" title="Bastle house">Bastle house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_country_house" title="English country house">Country house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oast_house" title="Oast house">Oast house</a> <a href="/wiki/Cowl_(oast)" title="Cowl (oast)">(cowl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealden_hall_house" title="Wealden hall house">Wealden hall house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_longhouse" title="Dartmoor longhouse">Dartmoor longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_towers" title="Somerset towers">Somerset towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_stone" title="Bath stone">Bath stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushwork" title="Flushwork">Flushwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English landscape garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruck" title="Cruck">Cruck framing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_England" title="Category:Architecture in England">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table 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