CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>IP over Avian Carriers - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"286d2c69-48a2-4349-a9ef-164e5683209c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"IP_over_Avian_Carriers","wgTitle":"IP over Avian Carriers","wgCurRevisionId":1258449117,"wgRevisionId":1258449117,"wgArticleId":47102,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020","April Fools' Day jokes","Computer humour","Internet architecture","Link protocols","Physical layer protocols","Wireless networking","Domestic pigeons"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"IP_over_Avian_Carriers", "wgRelevantArticleId":47102,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q907212","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1584"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG/800px-Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1056"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG/640px-Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="845"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="IP over Avian Carriers - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-IP_over_Avian_Carriers rootpage-IP_over_Avian_Carriers skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=IP+over+Avian+Carriers" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=IP+over+Avian+Carriers" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=IP+over+Avian+Carriers" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=IP+over+Avian+Carriers" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Real-life_implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real-life_implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Real-life implementation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real-life_implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Risks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_avian_data_transfer_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_avian_data_transfer_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other avian data transfer methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_avian_data_transfer_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IP over Avian Carriers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نقل بروتوكول الإنترنت عبر الطيور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقل بروتوكول الإنترنت عبر الطيور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_sobre_palombos_mensaxeros" title="IP sobre palombos mensaxeros – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="IP sobre palombos mensaxeros" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="আইপি ওভার এভিয়ান ক্যারিয়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইপি ওভার এভিয়ান ক্যারিয়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="IP версия с пощенски гълъби – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="IP версия с пощенски гълъби" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_sobre_coloms_missatgers" title="IP sobre coloms missatgers – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IP sobre coloms missatgers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_pomoc%C3%AD_po%C5%A1tovn%C3%ADch_holub%C5%AF" title="IP pomocí poštovních holubů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IP pomocí poštovních holubů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_over_Avian_Carriers" title="Internet Protocol over Avian Carriers – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internet Protocol over Avian Carriers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_sobre_palomas_mensajeras" title="IP sobre palomas mensajeras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IP sobre palomas mensajeras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="IP over Avian Carriers – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IP over Avian Carriers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFC_1149" title="RFC 1149 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="RFC 1149" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_super_columbas_messagero" title="IP super columbas messagero – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="IP super columbas messagero" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="IP over Avian Carriers – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IP over Avian Carriers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="IP over Avian Carriers – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="IP over Avian Carriers" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="IP over Avian Carriers – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IP over Avian Carriers" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8BIP" title="鳥類キャリアによるIP – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鳥類キャリアによるIP" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="IP over Avian Carriers – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IP over Avian Carriers" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmiss%C3%A3o_de_informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_digital_via_pombo-correio" title="Transmissão de informação digital via pombo-correio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transmissão de informação digital via pombo-correio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="IP посредством почтовых голубей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IP посредством почтовых голубей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_via_F%C3%A5gelb%C3%A4rare" title="IP via Fågelbärare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="IP via Fågelbärare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8E_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B2" title="IP за допомогою поштових голубів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IP за допомогою поштових голубів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BA%E8%BD%BD%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="以鸟类为载体的网际协议 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以鸟类为载体的网际协议" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q907212#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:IP_over_Avian_Carriers" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IP_over_Avian_Carriers"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/IP_over_Avian_Carriers" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&oldid=1258449117" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&id=1258449117&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIP_over_Avian_Carriers"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIP_over_Avian_Carriers"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q907212" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Proposal to carry IP traffic by birds</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption>Under RFC 1149, a homing pigeon can carry <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> traffic.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a>, <b>IP over Avian Carriers</b> (<b>IPoAC</b>) is an ostensibly functional proposal to carry <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> (IP) <a href="/wiki/Internet_traffic" title="Internet traffic">traffic</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Homing_pigeon" title="Homing pigeon">homing pigeons</a>. IP over Avian Carriers was initially described in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1149">1149</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>, written by David Waitzman, and released on April 1, 1990. It is one of several <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day_Request_for_Comments" title="April Fools' Day Request for Comments">April Fools' Day Request for Comments</a>. </p><p>Waitzman described an improvement of his protocol in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2549">2549</a>, <i>IP over Avian Carriers with Quality of Service</i> (1 April 1999). Later, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6214">6214</a>—released on 1 April 2011, and 13 years after the introduction of <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>—<a href="/wiki/Brian_Carpenter_(Internet_engineer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Carpenter (Internet engineer)">Brian Carpenter</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Hinden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Hinden (page does not exist)">Robert Hinden</a> published <i>Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc6214_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6214-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IPoAC has been successfully implemented, but for only nine <a href="/wiki/Network_packet" title="Network packet">packets of data</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Packet_loss" title="Packet loss">packet loss</a> ratio of 55% (due to operator error),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Response_time_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Response time (telecommunications)">response time</a> ranging from 3,000 seconds (50 min) to over 6,000 seconds (100 min). Thus, this technology suffers from high <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Real-life_implementation">Real-life implementation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Real-life implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 April 2001, IPoAC was implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> Linux user group, under the name CPIP (for Carrier Pigeon Internet Protocol).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They sent nine <a href="/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Packet (information technology)">packets</a> over a distance of approximately 5 km (3 mi), each carried by an individual pigeon and containing one ping (<a href="/wiki/ICMP_echo_request" class="mw-redirect" title="ICMP echo request">ICMP echo request</a>), and received four responses. </p> <pre>Script started on Sat Apr 28 11:24:09 2001 $ /sbin/ifconfig tun0 tun0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:10.0.3.2 P-t-P:10.0.3.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:150 Metric:1 RX packets:1 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 RX bytes:88 (88.0 b) TX bytes:168 (168.0 b) $ ping -c 9 -i 900 10.0.3.1 PING 10.0.3.1 (10.0.3.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.0.3.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=6165731.1 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.3.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=3211900.8 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.3.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=5124922.8 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.3.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=6388671.9 ms --- 10.0.3.1 ping statistics --- 9 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 55% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 3211900.8/5222806.6/6388671.9 ms Script done on Sat Apr 28 14:14:28 2001 </pre> <p>This real life implementation was mentioned by the French member of parliament <a href="/wiki/Martine_Billard" title="Martine Billard">Martine Billard</a> in the French <a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_Nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Assemblée Nationale">National Assembly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during debates about <a href="/wiki/HADOPI" class="mw-redirect" title="HADOPI">HADOPI</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risks">Risks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Risks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2005, a Gartner report on <a href="/wiki/Bird_flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird flu">bird flu</a> that concluded "A pandemic wouldn't affect IT systems directly" was humorously criticized for neglecting to consider RFC 1149 and RFC 2549 in its analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Known risks to the protocol include: </p> <ul><li>Carriers being attacked by <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_prey" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of prey">birds of prey</a>. RFC2549: "Unintentional <a href="/wiki/Encapsulation_(computer_programming)" title="Encapsulation (computer programming)">encapsulation</a> in hawks has been known to occur, with decapsulation being messy and the packets mangled."</li> <li>Carriers being blown off course. RFC1149: "While broadcasting is not specified, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_storm" title="Broadcast storm">storms</a> can cause data loss."</li> <li>The absence of viable local carriers. RFC6214: "In some locations, such as New Zealand, a significant proportion of carriers are only able to execute short <a href="/wiki/Hop_(networking)" title="Hop (networking)">hops</a>, and only at times when <a href="/wiki/Night" title="Night">the background level of photon emission is extremely low</a>." This describes the flightless and nocturnal nature of <a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(bird)" title="Kiwi (bird)">kiwi</a>.</li> <li>Loss of availability of species, such as the extinction of the <a href="/wiki/Passenger_pigeon" title="Passenger pigeon">passenger pigeon</a>.</li> <li>Disease affecting the carriers. RFC6214: "There is a known risk of infection by the so-called <a href="/wiki/H5N1_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="H5N1 virus">H5N1 virus</a>."</li> <li>The network topologies supported for <a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a> communication are limited by the homing abilities of carriers. RFC6214: "... [carriers] prove to have no talent for <a href="/wiki/Multihoming" title="Multihoming">multihoming</a>, and in fact enter a <a href="/wiki/Routing_loop" title="Routing loop">routing loop</a> whenever multihoming is attempted."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_avian_data_transfer_methods">Other avian data transfer methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other avian data transfer methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rafting photographers already use pigeons as a <a href="/wiki/Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">sneakernet</a> to transport digital photos on <a href="/wiki/Flash_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash media">flash media</a> from the camera to the tour operator.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over a 30-mile (48 km) distance, a single pigeon may be able to carry tens of gigabytes of data in around an hour, which on an average <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> basis compared very favorably to early <a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a> standards, even when accounting for lost drives.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 12, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Vardi" title="Yossi Vardi">Yossi Vardi</a>, Ami Ben-Bassat, and Guy Vardi sent three homing pigeons a distance of 100 kilometres (62 mi), "each carrying 20–22 tiny memory cards containing 1.3 GB, amounting in total of 4 GB of data." An effective throughput of 2.27 Mbps was achieved. The purpose of the test was to measure and confirm an improvement over RFC 2549.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the developers used flash memory instead of paper notes as specified by RFC 2549, the experiment was widely criticized as an example in which an optimized implementation breaks an official standard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Who criticised? (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Inspired by RFC 2549, on 9 September 2009, the marketing team of The Unlimited, a regional company in South Africa, decided to host a tongue-in-cheek pigeon race between their pet pigeon Winston and local telecom company <a href="/wiki/Telkom_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Telkom SA">Telkom SA</a>. The race was to send 4 gigabytes of data from <a href="/wiki/Howick,_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Howick, KwaZulu-Natal">Howick</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal">Hillcrest</a>, approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) apart. The pigeon carried a <a href="/wiki/MicroSD" class="mw-redirect" title="MicroSD">microSD</a> card and competed against a Telkom ADSL line.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winston beat the data transfer over Telkom's ADSL line, with a total time of two hours, six minutes and 57 seconds from uploading data on the microSD card to completion of download from the card. At the time of Winston's victory, the ADSL transfer was just under 4% complete.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2009, the Australian comedy/current-affairs television program <i><a href="/wiki/Hungry_Beast" title="Hungry Beast">Hungry Beast</a></i> repeated this experiment. The <i>Hungry Beast</i> team took up the challenge after a fiery parliament session wherein the government of the time blasted the opposition for not supporting telecommunications investments, saying that if the opposition had their way, Australians would be doing data transfer over carrier pigeons. The <i>Hungry Beast</i> team had read about the South African experiment and assumed that, as a developed <a href="/wiki/Western_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Western country">Western country</a>, Australia would have higher speeds. The experiment had the team transfer a 700 MB file via three delivery methods to determine which was the fastest: a carrier pigeon with a microSD card, a car carrying a <a href="/wiki/USB_stick" class="mw-redirect" title="USB stick">USB stick</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a> (Australia's largest telecom provider) ADSL line. The data was to be transferred from <a href="/wiki/Tarana,_New_South_Wales" title="Tarana, New South Wales">Tarana</a> in rural <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> to the western-<a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Prospect,_New_South_Wales" title="Prospect, New South Wales">Prospect, New South Wales</a>, a distance of 132 kilometres (82 mi) by road. Approximately halfway through the race, the internet connection unexpectedly dropped and the transfer had to be restarted. The pigeon won the race with a time of approximately 1 hour 5 minutes, the car came in second at 2 hours 10 minutes, while the internet transfer did not finish, having dropped out a second time and not come back. The estimated time to upload completion at one point was as high as 9 hours, and at no point did the estimated upload time fall below 4 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A similar pigeon race was conducted in September 2010 by tech blogger (trefor.net) and ISP Timico CTO Trefor Davies with farmer Michelle Brumfield in rural <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire, England">Yorkshire, England</a>: delivering a five-minute video to a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> correspondent 75 miles away in <a href="/wiki/Skegness" title="Skegness">Skegness</a>. The pigeon (carrying a memory card with a 300 MB HD video of Davies having a haircut) was pitted against an upload to <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> via <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom">British Telecom</a> broadband; the pigeon was released at 11:05 am and arrived in the loft one hour and fifteen minutes later while the upload was still incomplete, having failed once in the interim.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyper_Text_Coffee_Pot_Control_Protocol" title="Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol">Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_post" title="Pigeon post">Pigeon post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore_Flag_Signaling_System" title="Semaphore Flag Signaling System">Semaphore Flag Signaling System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">Sneakernet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rfc6214-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc6214_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._CarpenterR._Hinden2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Carpenter_(engineer)" title="Brian Carpenter (engineer)">B. Carpenter</a>; R. Hinden (1 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6214"><i>Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6214">10.17487/RFC6214</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6214">6214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adaptation+of+RFC+1149+for+IPv6&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6214&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=B.+Carpenter&rft.au=R.+Hinden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Informational.</i> This is an <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day_Request_for_Comments" title="April Fools' Day Request for Comments">April Fools' Day Request for Comments</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103074558/http://www.blug.linux.no/rfc1149/writeup/">"The informal report from the RFC 1149 event"</a>. <i>BLUG</i>. 28 April 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blug.linux.no/rfc1149/writeup/">the original</a> on 2014-11-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BLUG&rft.atitle=The+informal+report+from+the+RFC+1149+event&rft.date=2001-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blug.linux.no%2Frfc1149%2Fwriteup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomot2008" class="citation news cs1">Momot, Chris (2008-07-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98787947/ip-over-avian-carriers-high-latency/">"IP over Avian Carriers high latency"</a>. <i>Calgary Herald</i>. p. 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-31</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=IP+over+Avian+Carriers+high+latency&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2008-07-28&rft.aulast=Momot&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F98787947%2Fip-over-avian-carriers-high-latency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140215072548/http://www.blug.linux.no/rfc1149/">"RFC-1149 - The highly unofficial CPIP WG"</a>. <i>BLUG</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blug.linux.no/rfc1149">the original</a> on 2014-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2002-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BLUG&rft.atitle=RFC-1149+-+The+highly+unofficial+CPIP+WG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blug.linux.no%2Frfc1149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/cri/2008-2009-extra/20091030.asp">"Assemblée nationale ~ Troisième séance du mercredi 22 juillet 2009"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307104853/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/cri/2008-2009-extra/20091030.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-11</span></span>. <q>J'avais été choquée, monsieur le ministre, de vous entendre parler de pigeons voyageurs, mais, finalement, vous aviez peut-être raison. Il existe en effet une norme, la norme RFC 1149, qui date du 1er avril 1990 bien que ce n'est pas un poisson d'avril (Sourires), qui décrit comment on peut faire une transmission internet par pigeon voyageur. Neuf paquets de données ont été envoyés.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale+~+Troisi%C3%A8me+s%C3%A9ance+du+mercredi+22+juillet+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2F13%2Fcri%2F2008-2009-extra%2F20091030.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.yuikee.com.hk/newsletter/2005/12/g.html">"Virus Risks of RFC1149 and RFC2549"</a>. <i>Yui Kee Computing Articles</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130409115451/http://articles.yuikee.com.hk/newsletter/2005/12/g.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yui+Kee+Computing+Articles&rft.atitle=Virus+Risks+of+RFC1149+and+RFC2549&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.yuikee.com.hk%2Fnewsletter%2F2005%2F12%2Fg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuman2007" class="citation news cs1">Human, Katy (22 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/2007/06/22/homing-pigeons-get-down-to-business-ferrying-rafting-company-photos/">"Homing pigeons get down to business, ferrying rafting company photos"</a>. <i>Denver Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108034711/http://www.denverpost.com/2007/06/22/homing-pigeons-get-down-to-business-ferrying-rafting-company-photos/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Homing+pigeons+get+down+to+business%2C+ferrying+rafting+company+photos&rft.date=2007-06-22&rft.aulast=Human&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2007%2F06%2F22%2Fhoming-pigeons-get-down-to-business-ferrying-rafting-company-photos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080713090722/http://www.notes.co.il/benbasat/5240.asp">"A New Israeli test confirms: PEI (Pigeon Enabled Internet) is FASTER than ADSL"</a>. <i>קצה - RIM - Ami Ben-Bassat's Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notes.co.il/benbasat/5240.asp">the original</a> on 13 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%94+-+RIM+-+Ami+Ben-Bassat%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=A+New+Israeli+test+confirms%3A+PEI+%28Pigeon+Enabled+Internet%29+is+FASTER+than+ADSL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notes.co.il%2Fbenbasat%2F5240.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pigeonrace2009.co.za/">"The Famous Bird vs Internet Contest of 2009"</a>. <i>Pigeon Race 2009</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180024/http://pigeonrace2009.co.za/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pigeon+Race+2009&rft.atitle=The+Famous+Bird+vs+Internet+Contest+of+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpigeonrace2009.co.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovender2009" class="citation news cs1">Govender, Peroshni (9 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-pigeon-idUSTRE5885PM20090909">"Pigeon transfers data faster than South Africa's Telkom"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513091534/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-pigeon-idUSTRE5885PM20090909">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pigeon+transfers+data+faster+than+South+Africa%27s+Telkom&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft.aulast=Govender&rft.aufirst=Peroshni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-safrica-pigeon-idUSTRE5885PM20090909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8248056.stm">"SA pigeon 'faster than broadband'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414225332/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8248056.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=SA+pigeon+%27faster+than+broadband%27&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F8248056.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-09-10-winston-the-homing-pigeon-draws-tweets-of-support">"Winston the homing pigeon draws tweets of support"</a>, The Mail & Guardian, September 10, 2009, by Niren Tolsi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReal_Human_Stories2009" class="citation web cs1">Real Human Stories (10 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci2bFFGM8T8">"Pigeons vs. Australian Internet (Hungry Beast)"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140805083157/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci2bFFGM8T8">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Pigeons+vs.+Australian+Internet+%28Hungry+Beast%29&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft.au=Real+Human+Stories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dci2bFFGM8T8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/17/bt_bird/">"BT feathers ruffled over pigeon-based file transfer caper"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. 17 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171005/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/17/bt_bird/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=BT+feathers+ruffled+over+pigeon-based+file+transfer+caper&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2010%2F09%2F17%2Fbt_bird%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ispreview.co.uk/story/2010/09/16/uk-business-isp-timico-challenges-pigeon-to-beat-rural-broadband.html"><i>UK Business ISP Timico Challenges Pigeon to Beat Rural Broadband</i></a>, ISPreview.com, 2010-09-16, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100919152359/http://www.ispreview.co.uk/story/2010/09/16/uk-business-isp-timico-challenges-pigeon-to-beat-rural-broadband.html">archived</a> from the original on 2010-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-18</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UK+Business+ISP+Timico+Challenges+Pigeon+to+Beat+Rural+Broadband&rft.pub=ISPreview.com&rft.date=2010-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ispreview.co.uk%2Fstory%2F2010%2F09%2F16%2Fuk-business-isp-timico-challenges-pigeon-to-beat-rural-broadband.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11325452"><i>Pigeon flies past broadband in data speed race</i></a>, BBC News Technology, 2010-09-16, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002035507/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11325452">archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-18</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pigeon+flies+past+broadband+in+data+speed+race&rft.pub=BBC+News+Technology&rft.date=2010-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-11325452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIP+over+Avian+Carriers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2008/06/carrier_pigeons.html">"Carrier Pigeons Bringing Contraband into Prisons"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Schneier" title="Bruce Schneier">Bruce Schneier</a>, www.schneier.com (blog), June 27, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/pigeon-powered-internet-takes-flight">Pigeon-powered Internet takes flight</a>, Stephen Shankland, <a href="/wiki/CNET_News" class="mw-redirect" title="CNET News">CNET News</a>, May 4, 2001</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101023133741/http://theunlimited.co.za/">"The Unlimited"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-09-10-pigeon-carries-data-bundles-faster-than-telkom">Pigeon carries data bundles faster than Telkom</a>, 10 Sep 2009, M&G</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalgamejam.org/2018/games/rfc1149">RFC1149 Game</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_Engineering_Task_Force_&#82;FC_standards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IETF_RFC_standards" title="Template:IETF RFC standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IETF_RFC_standards" title="Template talk:IETF RFC standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IETF_RFC_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IETF RFC standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_Engineering_Task_Force_&#82;FC_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> RFC standards</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">User Datagram Protocol</a> (768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> (791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a> (793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a> (854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (1034, 1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a> (1436)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">Point-to-Point Protocol</a> (1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">Post Office Protocol</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">Internet Message Access Protocol</a> (3501)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol" title="Network News Transfer Protocol">Network News Transfer Protocol</a> (3977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSSEC" class="mw-redirect" title="DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a> (4033, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">Secure Shell</a> (4251, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a> (4301, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datagram_Congestion_Control_Protocol" title="Datagram Congestion Control Protocol">Datagram Congestion Control Protocol</a> (4340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</a> (4510, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">Stream Control Transmission Protocol</a> (4960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLS_1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="TLS 1.2">TLS 1.2</a> (5246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" title="Network Time Protocol">Network Time Protocol</a> (5905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> (7230-7235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">HTTP/2</a> (7540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_over_TLS" title="DNS over TLS">DNS over TLS</a> (7858, 8310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> (8200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLS_1.3" class="mw-redirect" title="TLS 1.3">TLS 1.3</a> (8446)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base64" title="Base64">Base64</a> (2045, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">Portable Network Graphics</a> (2083)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> (3629)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_resource_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform resource identifier">Uniform resource identifier</a> (3986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICalendar" title="ICalendar">iCalendar</a> (5545)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> (8259)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day_Request_for_Comments" title="April Fools' Day Request for Comments">April Fools' Day RFC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IP over Avian Carriers</a> (1149)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peg_DHCP" class="mw-redirect" title="Peg DHCP">Peg DHCP</a> (2322)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyper_Text_Coffee_Pot_Control_Protocol" title="Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol">HTCPCP</a> (2324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_bit" title="Evil bit">Evil bit</a> (3514)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-9_and_UTF-18" class="mw-redirect" title="UTF-9 and UTF-18">UTF-9 and UTF-18</a> (4042)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore_Flag_Signaling_System" title="Semaphore Flag Signaling System">Semaphore Flag Signaling System</a> (4824)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_Standards" title="Category:Internet Standards">Category:Internet Standards</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&oldid=1258449117">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&oldid=1258449117</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:April_Fools%27_Day_jokes" title="Category:April Fools' Day jokes">April Fools' Day jokes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_humour" title="Category:Computer humour">Computer humour</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_architecture" title="Category:Internet architecture">Internet architecture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols">Link protocols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Physical_layer_protocols" title="Category:Physical layer protocols">Physical layer protocols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wireless_networking" title="Category:Wireless networking">Wireless networking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Domestic_pigeons" title="Category:Domestic pigeons">Domestic pigeons</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 20:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IP_over_Avian_Carriers&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vmhgq","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.364","walltime":"0.468","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2678,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":53377,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1583,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":70321,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 417.105 1 -total"," 20.01% 83.442 1 Template:Ref_RFC"," 17.86% 74.479 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.54% 73.163 1 Template:IETF_RFC_1st_april"," 17.34% 72.339 1 Template:Short_description"," 17.34% 72.309 2 Template:Cite_IETF"," 16.28% 67.901 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.70% 48.791 2 Template:Pagetype"," 9.86% 41.146 3 Template:IETF_RFC"," 9.42% 39.296 3 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.227","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7824307,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g2dn4","timestamp":"20241122140624","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"IP over Avian Carriers","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IP_over_Avian_Carriers","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q907212","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q907212","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-01T13:24:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T20:12:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/10\/Taube_vor_Sche%C3%9Flitz_%28cropped%29.JPG","headline":"proposal to carry IP traffic by birds"}</script> </body> </html>