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FESE |  证据+1,空气污染可导致注意力分散—论文—科学网

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width: 18%; font: 12px 宋体; float: right"> 选择字号:<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div id="content1" style="width: 94%; font: 14px 宋体; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> FESE | &nbsp;证据+1,空气污染可导致注意力分散</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px;"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 论文标题:<a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1801-x" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0000ff;">Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts: evidence from brain activities</span></a></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 期刊:<a href="http://journal.hep.com.cn/fese" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><em>Frontiers of Environmental Science &amp; Engineering</em></span></a></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 作者:Jianxun Yang, Yunqi Liu, Berry van den Berg, Susie Wang, Lele Chen , Miaomiao Liu , Jun Bi</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 发表时间:18 Oct 2023</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1801-x" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0000ff;">10.1007/s11783-024-1801-x</span></a></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 微信链接:<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzk0MTIzODM0Ng==&amp;mid=2247494772&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=99dec135a6387fb079ae628adef65acf&amp;chksm=c2d7dd51f5a05447dec19de92f0c1f066a8637a67b4f6473a04cba7a9ebf60281e28ff6dcc46&amp;token=1272860774&amp;lang=zh_CN&amp;scene=21&amp;version=4.1.20.6015&amp;platform=" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0000ff;">点击此处阅读微信文章</span></a></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <strong>提 要</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 有关空气污染对注意力表现不利影响的研究不断见诸报道,但其背后潜在的神经认知过程机制目前仍然知之甚少。本研究利用点探测范式和基于脑电的事件相关电位技术,探究了空气污染的视觉刺激影响注意力分配的神经认知过程,发现了空气污染分散注意力的神经科学证据。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img src="/upload/paper/images/2024/2/2024221047368364.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> 图1 摘要图</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <strong>研 究 概 览</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 研究通过改编的点探针任务范式(dot-probe),研究了空气污染刺激对个体视觉注意力分配的影响。实验中,受试者需要对出现在左视野或右视野的目标(Target)做出反应(图2)。实验采用的<strong>行为学指标为响应准确度和反应时间</strong>,采用的<strong>神经数据是</strong>两个脑电的事件相关电位成分(Event-related Potential, ERP),具体为① 提示图片出现后、额部中央分布的<strong> N300</strong>成分,约在刺激后 250-350 ms达到峰值;这一成分<u>与复杂视觉刺激的情绪处理密切相关</u>,在更具吸引力和激活性的刺激时表现出更大的振幅。② 在目标(垂直或水平点)出现后的 <strong>P300</strong>成分,可以<u>反映注意力分散所需的认知资源量</u>,波幅与任务期间投入的注意力资源量有关。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img src="/upload/paper/images/2024/2/2024221047368363.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> 图2 实验中的示例试次。左侧为注意力保持试次,使用 PM污染图片作为提示;右侧为注意力转移试次,使用干净空气图片作为提示。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 行为数据的分析(图3)表明,<strong>试次类型(保持或转移注意力)和空气污染提示未显著影响受试者按键反应准确性,但两者之间存在交互作用。</strong>在注意力保持试次中,当提示是受污染的风景图像时,受试者的平均反应准确度较清洁空气图像时偏低(~0.90%);在注意力转移试次中,当线索是空气污染图像时,受试者的反应准确度比清洁空气图像时偏高(~1.17%),表明空气污染刺激具有注意力转移效果。<strong>反应时间受试次类型影响显著</strong>,受试者在注意力转移试次中的反应时间往往比注意力保持试次中的反应时间更长(约 14 ms)(F = 92.622,p &lt; 0.001,Cohen d = 0.280),而空气污染提示图片(污染或清洁空气)没有显著的主效应或交互效应。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img src="/upload/paper/images/2024/2/2024221047368362.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> 图3 不同提示图片和试次类型的行为表现。红点和蓝点分别代表污染提示和清洁空气提示的 (A) 按键反应准确度和 (B) 反应时间的最小二乘均值。误差线反映平均值的标准误差 (SEM)。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 整个实验任务过程中,受试者ERP信号不断变化。以注意力保持的试次为例(图4A),从前两行的脑地形图可以看到,污染和清洁空气试验的大脑活动分布相似。当提示出现时,脑枕叶中存在正成分,表明视觉感知的过程(200-400 ms)。然后,在目标出现前后检测到脑中央沟周围的负成分,代表空间搜索的认知过程(1000-1400 ms)。最后,当受试者做出反应时,脑顶叶和前额皮质(1600-1800 ms)有显著的正成分。第三行展示了ERP差异波(污染减去清洁空气)的脑地形分布,发现N300 和 P300 的对应脑区存在显着差异。首先,在提示出现后 200-400 ms,中央额叶皮层中 N300的幅度不同,如大片深红色区域所示。接下来,在1500-1700 ms,中央顶叶周围P300波幅也出现了显著差异。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img src="/upload/paper/images/2024/2/2024221047368211.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> 图4 注意力保持试次中污染和清洁空气提示的ERP比较。(A) ERP波的脑地形图显示了每200毫秒注意力集中试验中的大脑活动,第一行以污染图像为提示,第二行以清洁空气图像为提示,第三行显示了污染和清洁空气提示之间的 ERP 差异波。(B) N300对应脑区通道的平均 ERP 波。(C) P300对应脑区通道的平均ERP波。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 基于此绘制了 N300对应脑区的平均 ERP 波(图4B),以检查较高时间分辨率下的差异。发现从大约250 ms开始,清洁空气图片诱发的N300显示出比污染图片更大的负波幅,高约0.86 mV(t =&minus;3.23,p = 0.003,Cohen&rsquo;d = 0.590)。这一结果表明<strong>清洁空气图像在情感上令人愉悦且有唤起性,比污染图像更能吸引视觉注意力</strong>。P300对应脑区的平均ERP波(图 4C)显示,当人们在 1500-1700 ms做出反应时,污染试验的 P300 振幅比清洁空气试验高约 0.56 mV(t = &minus;1.70,p = 0.039,Cohend = 0.311),表明<strong>当目标和提示出现在屏幕的同一侧时,污染提示往往会分散人们的注意力,受试者将需要更多的认知资源来专注于任务</strong>。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 综上,基于行为测量和脑电ERP技术,研究发现暴露于空气污染的视觉影响会分散注意力并影响任务表现。尽管行为测量表明,当受到污染图像提示时,受试者在注意力转移试验中具有更高的反应准确性,但ERP分析结果显示,提示出现后,污染图像引起的N300振幅较低,表明空气污染吸引注意力效果较小。污染提示在注意力保持试次中激发较高的P300 波幅,但在注意力转移试次中激发较低的P300波幅。即,<strong>在视觉暴露于空气污染后,人们需要更多的神经认知资源来维持注意力,但转移注意力需要的努力却更少。这一发现为空气污染的分散注意力效应提供了首个神经科学证据</strong>。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 阅读原文请点击<a href="https://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1801-x" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0000ff;">&ldquo;Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts: evidence from brain activities&rdquo;</span></a></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 本文内容来自FESE期刊2024年第18卷第4期发表的Research article文章 &ldquo;Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts: evidence from brain activities&rdquo;。通讯作者为南京大学刘苗苗副教授和毕军教授。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 引用格式:Jianxun Yang, Yunqi Liu, Berry van den Berg, Susie Wang, Lele Chen, Miaomiao Liu, Jun Bi. Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts: evidence from brain activities. Front. Environ. Sci. 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