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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Années 1840</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 99 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1840" title="Anyos 1840 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1840" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1840" title="عقد 1840 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1840" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1840" title="عوام 1840 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1840" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1840" title="عقد 1840 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1840" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1840" title="Década del 1840 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1840" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-c%C4%B1_ill%C9%99r" title="1840-cı illər – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1840-cı illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-an" title="1840-an – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1840-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D1%8F" title="1840-я – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1840-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D1%8F" title="1840-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1840-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1840-те – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1840-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1840" title="Bloavezhioù 1840 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1840" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-e" title="1840-e – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1840-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1840" title="Dècada del 1840 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1840" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1840 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1840 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E2%80%931849" title="1840–1849 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1840–1849" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1840-мĕш çулсем – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1840-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840au" title="1840au – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1840au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%27erne" title="1840'erne – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1840'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840er" title="1840er – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1840er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1840" title="An 1840 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1840" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840s" title="1840s – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1840s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-aj_jaroj" title="1840-aj jaroj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1840-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1840" title="Años 1840 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1840" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840._aastad" title="1840. aastad – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1840. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840ko_hamarkada" title="1840ko hamarkada – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1840ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B4%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۴۰ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۴۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-luku" title="1840-luku – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1840-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%C3%A1rini" title="1840-árini – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1840-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1840" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840id%C3%AD" title="1840idí – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1840idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1840年代 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1840年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840an" title="1840an – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1840an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1840" title="Década de 1840 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1840" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840yn" title="1840yn – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1840yn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-19 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840s" title="1840s – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1840s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-ih" title="1840-ih – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1840-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1840-es évek – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1840-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-an" title="1840-an – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1840-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1840a" title="Yari 1840a – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1840a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1841-1850" title="1841-1850 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1841-1850" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1840" title="Anni 1840 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1840" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1840年代 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1840年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/184moi_na%27ardekto" title="184moi na'ardekto – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="184moi na'ardekto" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-an" title="1840-an – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1840-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1840-იანები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1840-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1840년대 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1840년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1840-ӧд вояс – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1840-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1840" title="Anni 1840 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1840" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1840" title="Anni 1840 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1840" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840._gadi" title="1840. gadi – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1840. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1840-ти – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1840-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८४० चे दशक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८४० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-an" title="1840-an – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1840-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1840 це иеть – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1840 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-1849" title="1840-1849 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1840-1849" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%C3%A5ra" title="1840-åra – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1840-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%C3%A5rene" title="1840-årene – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1840-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1840" title="Annaées 1840 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1840" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840s" title="1840s – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1840s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1840" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-lugu_vuvvet" title="1840-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1840-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1840-тæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1840-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1840 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1840 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_40._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 40. XIX wieku – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 40. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1840" title="Década de 1840 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1840" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_watakuna" title="1840 watakuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1840 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1840" title="Anii 1840 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1840" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1840-е годы – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1840-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D1%81" title="1840-с – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1840-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840ini" title="1840ini – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1840ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-lohku" title="1840-lohku – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1840-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-e" title="1840-e – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1840-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840s" title="1840s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1840s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/40._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="40. roky 19. storočia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="40. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840." title="1840. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1840." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1840" title="Vitet 1840 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1840" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D0%B5" title="1840-е – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1840-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-an" title="1840-an – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1840-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-talet" title="1840-talet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1840-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1840" title="Miaka ya 1840 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1840" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1840கள் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1840கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1840_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1840 (мелодӣ) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1840 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1840" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1840 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1840" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1840ýý – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1840ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%27lar" title="1840'lar – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1840'lar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1840-еллар – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1840-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="1840-ві – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1840-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1840ء کی دہائی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1840ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-lar" title="1840-lar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1840-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1840" title="Thập niên 1840 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1840" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1840" title="Anêyes 1840 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1840" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_nga_dekada" title="1840 nga dekada – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1840 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1840年代 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1840年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1840-იანეფი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1840-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1840ער – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1840ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1840年代 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1840年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1840 nî-tāi – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1840 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1840%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1840年代 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1840年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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<div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:1840s_montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image 1840s montage.jpg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/1840s_montage.jpg/220px-1840s_montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/1840s_montage.jpg/330px-1840s_montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/1840s_montage.jpg/440px-1840s_montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span> </div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a> <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a> <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a> <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a> <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a> <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a> <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a> <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a> <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1810" title="Années 1810">1810</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1820" title="Années 1820">1820</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1830" title="Années 1830">1830</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1840</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1850" title="Années 1850">1850</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1860" title="Années 1860">1860</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870" title="Années 1870">1870</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIe siècle">XVII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>années 1840</b> couvrent la période de 1840 à 1849. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1839–1842 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_anglo-afghane" title="Première guerre anglo-afghane">première guerre anglo-afghane</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_de_l%27opium" title="Première guerre de l'opium">première guerre de l'opium</a>. La Grande-Bretagne, suivie par les autres grandes puissances, impose à la Chine les « <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9s_in%C3%A9gaux" title="Traités inégaux">traités inégaux</a> »<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1839–1843 : <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_Erebus_et_Terror" title="Expédition Erebus et Terror">expédition antarctique et australe de l’Erebus et du Terror</a> par <a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">James Clark Ross</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1839-1842 : <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9h%C3%A9met_Ali" title="Méhémet Ali">Mohamed-Ali</a> organise trois expéditions dirigées par <a href="/wiki/Selim_Bimbachi" title="Selim Bimbachi">Selim Bimbachi</a> qui remontent le <a href="/wiki/Nil_Blanc" title="Nil Blanc">Nil Blanc</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elles permettent d’accroître un important commerce d’esclaves noirs capturés au <a href="/wiki/Soudan" title="Soudan">Soudan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Sennar" title="Sultanat de Sennar">Sennar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_du_Darfour" title="Sultanat du Darfour">Darfour</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et jusqu’aux frontières du <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo" title="République démocratique du Congo">Congo</a> et de l’<a href="/wiki/Ouganda" title="Ouganda">Ouganda</a>.</li> <li>Vers 1840-1864 : les <a href="/wiki/Makololo" title="Makololo">Kololo</a>, peuple <a href="/wiki/Basotho" title="Basotho">Sotho</a> bousculés par <a href="/wiki/Moselekatse" title="Moselekatse">Moselekatse</a> migrent vers le <a href="/wiki/Protectorat_du_Bechuanaland" title="Protectorat du Bechuanaland">Bechuanaland</a> puis conduit par leur chef Sébitouané (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebetwane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebetwane (page inexistante)">Sebetwane</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebetwane" class="extiw" title="en:Sebetwane"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Sebetwane »">(en)</span></a>, mort en 1851) s’emparent du royaume <a href="/wiki/Lozis_(peuple)" title="Lozis (peuple)">Lozi</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Zambie" title="Zambie">Zambie</a> actuelle<sup id="cite_ref-Deschamps_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deschamps-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Vers 1840-1870 : apogée du <a href="/wiki/Empire_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire Luba">royaume Louba</a> sous le règne de <a href="/wiki/Kalala_Ilunga" title="Kalala Ilunga">Ilunga Kabale</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1840-1890 : apogée du commerce <a href="/wiki/Ovimbundu_(peuple_d%27Afrique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovimbundu (peuple d'Afrique)">ovimbundu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>. Le royaume de <a href="/wiki/Cassange" title="Cassange">Cassange</a> décline après l'abolition de la traite des esclaves par le gouvernement portugais en 1836<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="/wiki/Ovimbundu_(peuple_d%27Afrique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovimbundu (peuple d'Afrique)">Ovimbundu</a>, vivant dans le centre de l’<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, émigrent vers le nord et vers le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_Lunda" title="Royaume Lunda">royaume lounda</a>. Divisés en une douzaine de petits États dont le plus important contrôle le carrefour commercial de Bihé, ils atteignent leur apogée entre 1840 et <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> pendant les cycles de la cire, de l’ivoire et du caoutchouc. Ils opèrent chez les <a href="/wiki/Royaume_Lunda" title="Royaume Lunda">Lounda</a> à partir de <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>, au <a href="/wiki/Katanga" title="Katanga">Katanga</a> (<a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>), au <a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaï (district)">Kasai</a> et chez les <a href="/wiki/Lozi_(peuple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lozi (peuple)">Lozi</a> du <a href="/wiki/Zamb%C3%A8ze" title="Zambèze">Zambèze</a>.</li> <li>À partir de 1840 : <ul><li>des groupes <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_(peuple)" title="Ngoni (peuple)">ngoni</a> venus du <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, menés par leur chef <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwangendaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zwangendaba (page inexistante)">Zwangendaba</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwangendaba" class="extiw" title="en:Zwangendaba"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Zwangendaba »">(en)</span></a>, atteignent le sud de la <a href="/wiki/Tanzanie" title="Tanzanie">Tanzanie</a> actuelle. Après la mort de Zwangendaba en 1845, ils s’installent dans l’ouest et le centre du pays<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Leur invasion entraîne des destructions massives de biens et de personnes et un climat d’insécurité et de violence qui facilitent les ravages provoqués par la traite des esclaves. D’autre part, ils diffusent de nouvelles conceptions et techniques militaires et de nouvelles formes de d’organisation politiques héritées des <a href="/wiki/Zoulous" title="Zoulous">Zoulous</a>, dont s’inspireront des chefs <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_(peuple)" title="Nyamwezi (peuple)">nyamwezi</a> comme <a href="/wiki/Mirambo" title="Mirambo">Mirambo</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nyungu_ya_Mawe" title="Nyungu ya Mawe">Nyungu ya Mawe</a>.</li> <li>premières incursions des traitants arabes et <a href="/wiki/Nyamwezi_(peuple)" title="Nyamwezi (peuple)">nyamwezi</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_Lunda" title="Royaume Lunda">royaume Lunda</a> du <a href="/wiki/Kazembe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazembe">Kazembe</a> (à l’est de l’<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>). Habitués au système des tributs, les <a href="/wiki/Lunda_(peuple)" title="Lunda (peuple)">Lunda</a> sont dépassés par l’esprit de libre entreprise des traitants, prélude à l’essor du grand commerce qui ne tarde pas à bouleverser les structures politiques du royaume<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1840 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Waitangi" title="Traité de Waitangi">traité de Waitangi</a> ; la <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande" title="Nouvelle-Zélande">Nouvelle-Zélande</a> devient une colonie britannique<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Londres_(1840)" title="Traité de Londres (1840)">convention de Londres</a> met fin à la <a href="/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_guerre_%C3%A9gypto-ottomane" title="Deuxième guerre égypto-ottomane">deuxième guerre égypto-ottomane</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lugan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lugan-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>le chef des <a href="/wiki/Nd%C3%A9b%C3%A9l%C3%A9s" title="Ndébélés">Ndébélé</a>, Mosélékatsé (<a href="/wiki/Mzilikazi" title="Mzilikazi">Mzilikazi</a>), détruit les restes du <a href="/wiki/Monomotapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Monomotapa">Monomotapa</a> et y substitue le royaume <a href="/wiki/Matabeleland" title="Matabeleland">Matabélé</a> au <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> actuel<sup id="cite_ref-Deschamps_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deschamps-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>premier <a href="/wiki/Timbre-poste" class="mw-redirect" title="Timbre-poste">timbre-poste</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a> dépose son brevet de <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9graphe" title="Télégraphe">télégraphe</a>. En 1844, il établit la première communication télégraphique entre <a href="/wiki/Washington_(district_de_Columbia)" title="Washington (district de Columbia)">Washington</a> et <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Histoire_des_bourses_de_valeurs#Pony_Express,_pigeons,_et_télégraphe,_les_premiers_liens_inter-Bourses" title="Histoire des bourses de valeurs">Montée en puissance combinée du chemin de fer, du télégraphe électrique et des marchés d'actions</a> au milieu des années 1840.</li></ul></li> <li>1842-1847 : implantation française à <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>. Le consul de France <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Antoine_Moerenhout" title="Jacques-Antoine Moerenhout">Moerenhout</a> réussit à convaincre la reine <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dmare_IV" title="Pōmare IV">Pōmare IV</a> et les principaux chefs des <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Sous-le-Vent_(Polyn%C3%A9sie)" title="Îles Sous-le-Vent (Polynésie)">îles Sous-le-Vent</a> de demander le protectorat de la France<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1843 : le roi des <a href="/wiki/Basotho" title="Basotho">Sotho du sud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moshoeshoe_Ier" title="Moshoeshoe Ier">Moshoeshoe <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, concentre son peuple dans le massif <a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basuto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> actuel) et réussit à préserver son indépendance<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est attaqué à plusieurs reprises par les <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a> de l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_libre_d%27Orange" title="État libre d'Orange">Orange</a> (<a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>-<a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>-<a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>) et rogné à l’ouest<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1844 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerre_franco-marocaine_(1844)" title="Guerre franco-marocaine (1844)">guerre entre le Maroc et la France</a> à la frontière de l'<a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Algérie française">Algérie</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>première mention d'un marchand arabe au <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>. L’<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> pénètre au <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a> par l’intermédiaire des marchands arabo-<a href="/wiki/Swahilis" title="Swahilis">swahili</a> et <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">khartoumiens</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1845 : traité entre la <a href="/wiki/Grande-Bretagne" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a> et le sultan d'<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> afin de limiter le commerce des esclaves, en échange de la garantie du maintien de l'influence du sultanat sur la côte kényane. <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_(sultanat)" title="Zanzibar (sultanat)">Zanzibar</a> n'abolit la traite qu'en <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1845-1848 : en 1845, le journaliste new-yorkais <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Sullivan" title="John O'Sullivan">John O'Sullivan</a> formule le concept de « <a href="/wiki/Destin%C3%A9e_manifeste" title="Destinée manifeste">Destinée manifeste</a> » pour justifier la <a href="/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_de_l%27Ouest" title="Conquête de l'Ouest">conquête de l'Ouest</a> par les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'<a href="/wiki/Annexion_du_Texas" title="Annexion du Texas">annexion du Texas</a> provoque la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_am%C3%A9ricano-mexicaine" title="Guerre américano-mexicaine">guerre américano-mexicaine</a> (1846-1848). En 1848, par le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Traité de Guadalupe Hidalgo">traité de Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>, le Mexique cède aux États-Unis ses territoires au nord du <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_(fleuve)" title="Río Grande (fleuve)">Río Grande</a>. Début de la <a href="/wiki/Ru%C3%A9e_vers_l%27or_en_Californie" title="Ruée vers l'or en Californie">ruée vers l'or en Californie</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. À partir de 1846, Westport (<a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_(Missouri)" title="Kansas City (Missouri)">Kansas City</a>), poste de traite créé en 1833 dans le <a href="/wiki/Missouri_(%C3%89tat)" title="Missouri (État)">Missouri</a>, devient le point de convergence de <a href="/wiki/Pistes_et_routes_historiques_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Pistes et routes historiques aux États-Unis">trois pistes</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_de_l%27Ouest" title="Conquête de l'Ouest">expansion vers l'Ouest</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : la <a href="/wiki/Piste_de_Santa_Fe" title="Piste de Santa Fe">piste de Santa Fe</a>, celle de <a href="/wiki/Piste_de_la_Californie" title="Piste de la Californie">Californie</a>, et celle de l'<a href="/wiki/Piste_de_l%27Oregon" title="Piste de l'Oregon">Oregon</a>. Les migrants utilisent le <a href="/wiki/Chariot_b%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Chariot bâché">chariot bâché</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(hippomobile)" title="Conestoga (hippomobile)">Conestoga wagon</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1845-1849 : <a href="/wiki/Famine_de_la_pomme_de_terre_en_Europe" title="Famine de la pomme de terre en Europe">famine de la pomme de terre en Europe</a> en particulier <a href="/wiki/Grande_famine_irlandaise" title="Grande famine irlandaise">en Irlande </a>, où un million de personnes en sont victimes en 1845-1849, et dans <a href="/wiki/Famine_de_la_pomme_de_terre_dans_les_Highlands" title="Famine de la pomme de terre dans les Highlands">les Highlands</a>. La famine augmente le flux de l'<a href="/wiki/Migrations_irlandaises_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Migrations irlandaises aux États-Unis">émigration vers les États-Unis</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1845-1860 : expansion du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_du_K%C3%A9n%C3%A9dougou" title="Royaume du Kénédougou">royaume du Kenedugu</a>, en pays <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9noufos" title="Sénoufos">senufo</a> (capitale <a href="/wiki/Sikasso" title="Sikasso">Sikasso</a>, sud du <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> actuel), sous la dynastie des <a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%A9ba_Traor%C3%A9" title="Tiéba Traoré">Traore</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1847 : <ul><li>reddition d’<a href="/wiki/Abd_El-Kader" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd El-Kader">Abd El-Kader</a> ; fin de la <a href="/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_de_l%27Alg%C3%A9rie_par_la_France" title="Conquête de l'Algérie par la France">conquête de l'Algérie par la France</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lugan_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lugan-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krach_de_1847" title="Krach de 1847">Krach</a> dans les chemins de fer à Paris et à Londres (<i><a href="/wiki/Railway_mania" title="Railway mania">Railway mania</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1848 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> et <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> publient le <i><a href="/wiki/Manifeste_du_parti_communiste" title="Manifeste du parti communiste">Manifeste du parti communiste</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Colantonio_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colantonio-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printemps_des_peuples" title="Printemps des peuples">printemps des peuples</a> en Europe : révolutions nationales et libérales en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_sicilienne" title="Révolution sicilienne">Sicile</a>, en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_de_1848" title="Révolution française de 1848">France</a>, au <a href="/wiki/Cinq_journ%C3%A9es_de_Milan" title="Cinq journées de Milan">Piémont</a>, en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_de_Mars" title="Révolution de Mars">Allemagne</a>, en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_autrichienne_de_1848" title="Révolution autrichienne de 1848">Autriche</a>, en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_hongroise_de_1848" title="Révolution hongroise de 1848">Hongrie</a>, et en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_roumaine_de_1848" title="Révolution roumaine de 1848">Roumanie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Colantonio_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colantonio-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1848-1849 : <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_d%27ind%C3%A9pendance_italienne" title="Première guerre d'indépendance italienne">première guerre d'indépendance italienne</a> ; victoire de l'Autriche sur le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Sardaigne_(1720-1861)" title="Royaume de Sardaigne (1720-1861)">Piémont-Sardaigne</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1848-1851 : <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_de_Schleswig" title="Première guerre de Schleswig">première guerre de Schleswig</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dodman_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodman-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1848-1852 : <a href="/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(France)" title="Deuxième République (France)">Deuxième République</a> en France<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnages_significatifs">Personnages significatifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Personnages significatifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnages significatifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Le chancelier <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronologies_thématiques"><span id="Chronologies_th.C3.A9matiques"></span>Chronologies thématiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Chronologies thématiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Chronologies thématiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles détaillés : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cennie_1840_en_arts_plastiques" title="Décennie 1840 en arts plastiques">Décennie 1840 en arts plastiques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronologie_des_faits_%C3%A9conomiques_et_sociaux_dans_les_ann%C3%A9es_1840" title="Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux dans les années 1840">Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux dans les années 1840</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1840_en_sport" title="Années 1840 en sport">Années 1840 en sport</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roy"><span class="ouvrage" id="Olivier_Roy">Olivier Roy, <cite class="italique">L'Afghanistan : Islam et modernité politique</cite>, Seuil <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782021259575" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782021259575"><span class="nowrap">9782021259575</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xipYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT395">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afghanistan+%3A+Islam+et+modernit%C3%A9+politique&rft.pub=Seuil&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.isbn=9782021259575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Godement1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Godement1993">François Godement, <cite class="italique">La Renaissance de l'Asie</cite>, Odile Jacob, <time>1993</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782738158628" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782738158628"><span class="nowrap">9782738158628</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=CAV2DQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT35">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Renaissance+de+l%27Asie&rft.pub=Odile+Jacob&rft.aulast=Godement&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9782738158628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Linon-Chipon,_Daniela_Vaj2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sophie_Linon-Chipon,_Daniela_Vaj2006">Sophie Linon-Chipon, Daniela Vaj, <cite class="italique">Relations savantes : voyages et discours scientifiques</cite>, Presses Paris Sorbonne, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782840504696" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782840504696"><span class="nowrap">9782840504696</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=QZTCPeWnj70C&pg=PAPT57">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relations+savantes+%3A+voyages+et+discours+scientifiques&rft.pub=Presses+Paris+Sorbonne&rft.au=Sophie+Linon-Chipon%2C+Daniela+Vaj&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9782840504696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1891"><cite class="italique">IVe Congrès international des sciences géographiques tenu à Paris en 1889 - compte rendu publié par le Secrétariat général du Congrès</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Bibliothèque des annales économiques, <time>1891</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=p1o5AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA211">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IVe+Congr%C3%A8s+international+des+sciences+g%C3%A9ographiques+tenu+%C3%A0+Paris+en+1889+-+compte+rendu+publi%C3%A9+par+le+Secr%C3%A9tariat+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+du+Congr%C3%A8s&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+des+annales+%C3%A9conomiques&rft.date=1891&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kramer,_Richard_Andrew_Lobban,_Carolyn_Fluehr-Lobban2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_S._Kramer,_Richard_Andrew_Lobban,_Carolyn_Fluehr-Lobban2013">Robert S. Kramer, Richard Andrew Lobban, Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, <cite class="italique">Historical Dictionary of the Sudan</cite>, Rowman & Littlefield, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780810861800" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780810861800"><span class="nowrap">9780810861800</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=WAs7lGNkVBkC&pg=PA46">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Sudan&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.aulast=Kramer%2C+Richard+Andrew+Lobban%2C+Carolyn+Fluehr-Lobban&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780810861800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deschamps-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Deschamps_6-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Deschamps_6-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Deschamps1976"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hubert_Deschamps1976">Hubert Deschamps, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire précoloniale</cite>, Presses universitaires de France, <time>1976</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782705902766" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782705902766"><span class="nowrap">9782705902766</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bcKPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT126">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire+pr%C3%A9coloniale&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.aulast=Deschamps&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9782705902766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pieter2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Esterhuysen,_Pieter2013">Esterhuysen, Pieter, <cite class="italique">Africa A to Z : Continental and Country Profiles : Third Edition EBSCO ebook academic collection</cite>, Africa Institute of South Africa, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780798303446" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780798303446"><span class="nowrap">9780798303446</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=f2R8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa+A+to+Z+%3A+Continental+and+Country+Profiles+%3A+Third+Edition%0AEBSCO+ebook+academic+collection&rft.pub=Africa+Institute+of+South+Africa&rft.aulast=Pieter&rft.aufirst=Esterhuysen%2C&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780798303446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Reefe1981"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thomas_Q._Reefe1981"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Thomas Q. Reefe, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Rainbow and the Kings : A History of the Luba Empire to 1891</cite>, University of California Press, <time>1981</time>, 286 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-520-04140-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-520-04140-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-520-04140-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Yz8cv9-JlN0C&pg=PA145">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rainbow+and+the+Kings&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.stitle=A+History+of+the+Luba+Empire+to+1891&rft.aulast=Reefe&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Q.&rft.date=1981&rft.tpages=286&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04140-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Palmer,_Neil_Parsons1977"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robin_H._Palmer,_Neil_Parsons1977">Robin H. Palmer, Neil Parsons, <cite class="italique">The Roots of Rural Poverty in Central and Southern Africa</cite>, University of California Press, <time>1977</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780520033184" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780520033184"><span class="nowrap">9780520033184</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=wz6lKAI9Gp0C&pg=PA84">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+Rural+Poverty+in+Central+and+Southern+Africa&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.aulast=Palmer%2C+Neil+Parsons&rft.aufirst=Robin+H.&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780520033184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jolly1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Jolly1996"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jolly" title="Jean Jolly">Jean Jolly</a>, <cite class="italique">Histoire du continent africain : du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à 1939</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Éditions L'Harmattan, <time>1996</time>, 236 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-4688-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-4688-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-4688-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=fJrGDReJzOUC&pg=PA80">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+continent+africain&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=du+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2217%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EXVII%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+%C3%A0+1939&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=236&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-4688-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Moniot,_Catherine_Coquery-Vidrovitch2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henri_Moniot,_Catherine_Coquery-Vidrovitch2015">Henri Moniot, Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire, de 1800 à nos jours</cite>, Presses universitaires de France, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782130790990" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782130790990"><span class="nowrap">9782130790990</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gX3GDQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT287">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire%2C+de+1800+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.au=Henri+Moniot%2C+Catherine+Coquery-Vidrovitch&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9782130790990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Venayre,_Pierre_Singaravélou2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sylvain_Venayre,_Pierre_Singaravélou2017">Sylvain Venayre, Pierre Singaravélou, <cite class="italique">Histoire du Monde au XIXe siècle</cite>, Fayard, <time>2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782213676692" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782213676692"><span class="nowrap">9782213676692</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Hi4tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT304">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Monde+au+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.au=Sylvain+Venayre%2C+Pierre+Singarav%C3%A9lou&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9782213676692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lugan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lugan_13-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Lugan_13-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lugan2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Lugan2017">Bernard Lugan, <cite class="italique">Pour en finir avec la colonisation : L'Europe et l'Afrique, <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, Éditions du Rocher, <time>2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782268098203" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782268098203"><span class="nowrap">9782268098203</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=a248DwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT43">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pour+en+finir+avec+la+colonisation+%3A+L%27Europe+et+l%27Afrique%2C+XVe%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%89XXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Rocher&rft.aulast=Lugan&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9782268098203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Allaz"><span class="ouvrage" id="Camille_Allaz">Camille Allaz, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la poste dans le monde</cite>, Pygmalion <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782756411545" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782756411545"><span class="nowrap">9782756411545</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=GZH2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT353">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+poste+dans+le+monde&rft.pub=Pygmalion&rft.aulast=Allaz&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft.isbn=9782756411545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Baudet2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_C._Baudet2016">Jean C. Baudet, <cite class="italique">Histoire des techniques - De l'outil au système</cite>, Vuibert, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782311402674" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782311402674"><span class="nowrap">9782311402674</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=jr9QDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT216">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+techniques+-+De+l%27outil+au+syst%C3%A8me&rft.pub=Vuibert&rft.aulast=Baudet&rft.aufirst=Jean+C.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9782311402674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Saura"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bruno_Saura">Bruno Saura, <cite class="italique">Politique et religion à Tahiti</cite>, Au vent des îles <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782367340197" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782367340197"><span class="nowrap">9782367340197</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=j8fLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT61">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politique+et+religion+%C3%A0+Tahiti&rft.pub=Au+vent+des+%C3%AEles&rft.aulast=Saura&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.isbn=9782367340197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Zorn2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-François_Zorn2012">Jean-François Zorn, <cite class="italique">Le grand siècle d'une mission protestante. La mission de Paris de 1822 à 1914</cite>, Karthala, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782811149574" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782811149574"><span class="nowrap">9782811149574</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=3Q2c1u6GdxQC&pg=PA384">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+grand+si%C3%A8cle+d%27une+mission+protestante.+La+mission+de+Paris+de+1822+%C3%A0+1914&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Zorn&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9782811149574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_18-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tucker2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Spencer_C._Tucker2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Spencer C. Tucker, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes] : From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East</cite>, ABC-CLIO, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-12-23" data-sort-value="2009-12-23">23 décembre 2009</time>, 308 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781851096725" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781851096725"><span class="nowrap">9781851096725</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1227">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East+%5B6+volumes%5D+%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft.tpages=308&rft.isbn=9781851096725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Balazuc2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Balazuc2019">Jean Balazuc, <cite class="italique">L'armée française pendant la guerre d'Algérie : Une chronologie mensuelle - Mai 1954 - décembre 1962</cite>, L'Harmattan, <time>2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782343186368" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782343186368"><span class="nowrap">9782343186368</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bPrADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27arm%C3%A9e+fran%C3%A7aise+pendant+la+guerre+d%27Alg%C3%A9rie+%3A+Une+chronologie+mensuelle+-+Mai+1954+-+d%C3%A9cembre+1962&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Balazuc&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9782343186368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Insoll,_Professor_of_African_and_Islamic_Archaeology_Timothy_Insoll2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Timothy_Insoll,_Professor_of_African_and_Islamic_Archaeology_Timothy_Insoll2003">Timothy Insoll, Professor of African and Islamic Archaeology Timothy Insoll, <cite class="italique">The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa</cite>, Cambridge University Press, <time>2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780521657020" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780521657020"><span class="nowrap">9780521657020</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=frC8SAu9QxQC&pg=PA389">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Islam+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.au=Timothy+Insoll%2C+Professor+of+African+and+Islamic+Archaeology+Timothy+Insoll&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780521657020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ade_Ajayi1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._F._Ade_Ajayi1996">J. F. Ade Ajayi, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l'Afrique : L'Afrique au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle jusque vers les années 1880</cite>, UNESCO, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9789232017123" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9789232017123"><span class="nowrap">9789232017123</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=d4eb6ny2whAC&pg=PA299">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27Afrique+%3A+L%27Afrique+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+jusque+vers+les+ann%C3%A9es+1880&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Ade+Ajayi&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9789232017123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vincent2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Vincent2016">Bernard Vincent, <cite class="italique">Histoire des États-Unis</cite>, Flammarion, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782081393684" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782081393684"><span class="nowrap">9782081393684</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Bg0KDQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT151">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+%C3%89tats-Unis&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9782081393684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nouschi2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marc_Nouschi2016">Marc Nouschi, <cite class="italique">Petit Atlas historique du XIXe siècle</cite>, Armand Colin, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782200615772" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782200615772"><span class="nowrap">9782200615772</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=BwoRDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA67">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petit+Atlas+historique+du+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=Nouschi&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9782200615772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Neugarten2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernice_Neugarten2017">Bernice Neugarten, <cite class="italique">Social Status in the City</cite>, Routledge, <time>2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781351489515" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781351489515"><span class="nowrap">9781351489515</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=TCRBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT249">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Status+in+the+City&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Neugarten&rft.aufirst=Bernice&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351489515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rieupeyrout1964"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Louis_Rieupeyrout1964">Jean-Louis Rieupeyrout, <cite class="italique">La grande aventure du western : du Far West à Hollywood, 1894-1963</cite>, Éditions du Cerf, <time>1964</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=CxAoAAAAMAAJ&dq=Conestoga&pg=PA20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+grande+aventure+du+western+%3A+du+Far+West+%C3%A0+Hollywood%2C+1894-1963&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Cerf&rft.aulast=Rieupeyrout&rft.aufirst=Jean-Louis&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bensimon2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fabrice_Bensimon2013">Fabrice Bensimon, <cite class="italique">L'Empire britannique</cite>, Presses universitaires de France, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Que sais-je ? », <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782130623465" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782130623465"><span class="nowrap">9782130623465</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Y8MJCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT27">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Empire+britannique&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.aulast=Bensimon&rft.aufirst=Fabrice&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9782130623465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Traoré,_Abdallah_Traoré1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Seydou_Traoré,_Abdallah_Traoré1998">Seydou Traoré, Abdallah Traoré, <cite class="italique">Le royaume sénoufo du Kénédougou : la dynastie des Taraoré</cite>, Figuier, <time>1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782842580445" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782842580445"><span class="nowrap">9782842580445</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=vdIwAQAAIAAJ&dq=Kénédougou&pg=PA13">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+royaume+s%C3%A9noufo+du+K%C3%A9n%C3%A9dougou+%3A+la+dynastie+des+Taraor%C3%A9&rft.pub=Figuier&rft.au=Seydou+Traor%C3%A9%2C+Abdallah+Traor%C3%A9&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9782842580445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hortefeux,_Pierre_Pascallon2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pascal_Hortefeux,_Pierre_Pascallon2010">Pascal Hortefeux, Pierre Pascallon, <cite class="italique">Hier la crise, demain la guerre ? La crise va-t-elle amener le monde au bord du gouffre ?</cite>, L'Harmattan, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782296250918" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782296250918"><span class="nowrap">9782296250918</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=en26Hs5KxacC&pg=PA32">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hier+la+crise%2C+demain+la+guerre+%3F++La+crise+va-t-elle+amener+le+monde+au+bord+du+gouffre+%3F&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.au=Pascal+Hortefeux%2C+Pierre+Pascallon&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9782296250918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colantonio-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Colantonio_29-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Colantonio_29-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Colantonio,_Alice_Primi,_Véronique_Fau-Vincenti,_Sophie_Kerignard2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laurent_Colantonio,_Alice_Primi,_Véronique_Fau-Vincenti,_Sophie_Kerignard2004">Laurent Colantonio, Alice Primi, Véronique Fau-Vincenti, Sophie Kerignard, <cite class="italique">100 fiches d'histoire du XIXe siècle</cite>, Éditions Bréal, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782749503400" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782749503400"><span class="nowrap">9782749503400</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=pIWUJejLnS0C&pg=PA102">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+fiches+d%27histoire+du+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Br%C3%A9al&rft.au=Laurent+Colantonio%2C+Alice+Primi%2C+V%C3%A9ronique+Fau-Vincenti%2C+Sophie+Kerignard&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9782749503400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ducoudray1864"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gustave_Ducoudray1864">Gustave Ducoudray, <cite class="italique">Histoire Contemporaine depuis 1789 jusqu'à nos jours.</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Paris, Hachette, <time>1864</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=71qnXc5bDZwC&pg=PA56">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+Contemporaine+depuis+1789+jusqu%27%C3%A0+nos+jours.&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.aulast=Ducoudray&rft.aufirst=Gustave&rft.date=1864&rft.volume=3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Heyries2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hubert_Heyries2021">Hubert Heyries, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'armée italienne</cite>, Place des éditeurs, <time>2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782262094867" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782262094867"><span class="nowrap">9782262094867</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=mycSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPR10">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27arm%C3%A9e+italienne&rft.pub=Place+des+%C3%A9diteurs&rft.aulast=Heyries&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9782262094867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodman-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Dodman_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dodman,_Herve_Mazurel,_Gene_Tempest"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thomas_Dodman,_Herve_Mazurel,_Gene_Tempest">Thomas Dodman, Herve Mazurel, Gene Tempest, <cite class="italique">Une histoire de la guerre - Du XIXe siècle à nos jours</cite>, Média Diffusion <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782021287240" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782021287240"><span class="nowrap">9782021287240</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=cBlnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT731">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+histoire+de+la+guerre+-+Du+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=M%C3%A9dia+Diffusion&rft.au=Thomas+Dodman%2C+Herve+Mazurel%2C+Gene+Tempest&rft.isbn=9782021287240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Agulhon2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maurice_Agulhon2016">Maurice Agulhon, <cite class="italique">1848 ou l'apprentissage de la République. 1848 - 1852: 1848 - 1852</cite>, Média Diffusion, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782757839539" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782757839539"><span class="nowrap">9782757839539</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=_nAkDQAAQBAJ">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1848+ou+l%27apprentissage+de+la+R%C3%A9publique.+1848+-+1852%3A+1848+-+1852&rft.pub=M%C3%A9dia+Diffusion&rft.aulast=Agulhon&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9782757839539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1840"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1840&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1840s?uselang=fr">Années 1840</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1840" title="Portail des années 1840"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Penny_black.jpg/21px-Penny_black.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Penny_black.jpg/31px-Penny_black.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Penny_black.jpg/41px-Penny_black.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1840" title="Portail:Années 1840">Portail des années 1840</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail du XIXe siècle"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/48px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/72px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/96px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail:XIXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail du monde contemporain"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Années_1840&oldid=213035915">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Années_1840&oldid=213035915</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ann%C3%A9es_1840" title="Catégorie:Années 1840">Années 1840</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9cennie_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Catégorie:Décennie du XIXe siècle">Décennie du XIXe siècle</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_contenant_un_appel_%C3%A0_traduction_en_anglais" title="Catégorie:Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais">Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1840/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Années 1840/Articles liés">Portail:Années 1840/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:XIXe siècle/Articles liés">Portail:XIXe siècle/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés">Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 4 mars 2024 à 12:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: 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