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people from 1815–1848</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Inkosi Ya Makosi Zwangendaba Jele</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Inkosi Ya Makosi Zwangendaba Jele</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of the Ngoni Nation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1815–1848</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown Jele</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gwaza_Jele" title="Gwaza Jele">Gwaza Jele</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1760-07-11</span>)</span>July 11, 1760<br /><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa">KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><span class="nowrap">Inkosi Ya Makhosi Zwangendaba Jele</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Zwangendaba Jele</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data">House of Jele</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Jele</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data">Traditional religion</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zwangendaba Gwaza kaZiguda Jele Gumbi,</b> commonly known as <b>Zwangendaba</b> (1785–1848) was the first king of the <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_people" title="Tumbuka people">Tumbuka</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jere_Ngoni_Clan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jere Ngoni Clan (page does not exist)">Jere Ngoni Clan</a> from 1815 to 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-theafricanroyalfamilies.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theafricanroyalfamilies.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He passed away in July 1848 and his son, <a href="/wiki/Gwaza_Jele" title="Gwaza Jele">Gwaza Jele</a>, inherited his position soon after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theafricanroyalfamilies.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theafricanroyalfamilies.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the older brother of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somkhanda_kaZiguda_Jele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somkhanda kaZiguda Jele (page does not exist)">Somkhanda kaZiguda Jele</a> who was also known as Gumbi and founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumbi_clan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gumbi clan (page does not exist)">Gumbi clan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kwazulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwazulu-Natal">Kwazulu-Natal</a> in areas of <a href="/wiki/Pongola,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal">Pongola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zwangendaba was a King of a clan of the Nguni or Mungoni people who broke away from the Ndwandwe Kingdom alliance under King Zwide. After defeat of the Ndwandwe forces under his command, Zwangendaba gathered his clan and fled the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dispersal of the northern Nguni clans was called the <a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a>. Zwangendaba led his people, then called the "Jele", on a wandering migration of more than 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) lasting more than twenty years. Their journey took them through the areas of what is now northern South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Mozambique, Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> to the western part of <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, where Zwangendaba set up a base at Mapupo. The Ngoni, originally a small royal clan that left Kwa-Zulu Natal, extended their dominion even further through present-day Tanzania, Malawi, and Zambia when they fragmented into three separate groups following his death.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fighting_tactics">Fighting tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwangendaba_Jele&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fighting tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using many of Shaka's warfare methods of rule such as rigid discipline in military and social organisation, he knitted his nation and the people conquered along the way into a cohesive unit. With his people he migrated north into tropical Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The migration proceeded across the Zambezi in 1835 on a day when there was a total eclipse of the sun. King Zwangendaba was alleged to have used some mythical Nguni esoteric knowledge and occult science, and thus on reaching the Zambezi, the waters of the river were reputed to have parted and opened to make way for him and his people (this has been likened to the parting of The Red Sea).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advancing north, ravaging the countries they crossed, they eventually arrived in the south west of what is now Tanzania. On the death of Zwangendaba in 1848, the Ngoni split into three groups, one main group settling in Malawi, one in Songea (Tanzania) and a third group migrated north to Mbogwe in Usumbwa where they fought with the famous Mirambo of Unyamwezi.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current king of the Ngoni is his great-great-grandson, <a href="/wiki/M%27Mbelwa_V" title="M'Mbelwa V">M'Mbelwa V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwangendaba_Jele&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngoni_Kingdom" title="Ngoni Kingdom">Ngoni Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwangendaba_Jele&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media 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/>1815–1848 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gwaza_Jele" title="Gwaza Jele">Gwaza Jele</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of the <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kings of <a href="/wiki/Ngoni_people" title="Ngoni people">Ngoni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zwangendaba</a></b> (1815–1848)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ntabeni_Jele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ntabeni Jele (page does not exist)">Ntabeni</a>* (1848–1850)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mgayi_Jele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mgayi Jele (page does not exist)">Mgayi</a>* (1850–1854)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gwaza_Jele" title="Gwaza Jele">Gwaza</a></b> (1857)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%27Mbelwa_I" title="M'Mbelwa I">M'Mbelwa I</a></b> (1857–1891)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwamba_Jele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mwamba Jele (page does not exist)">Mwamba</a>* (1891–1896)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cimtunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimtunga">Cimtunga</a></b> (1896–1915)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%27Mbelwa_II" title="M'Mbelwa II">M'Mbelwa II</a></b> (1928–1959)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%27Mbelwa_III" title="M'Mbelwa III">M'Mbelwa III</a></b> (1959–1983)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%27Mbelwa_IV" title="M'Mbelwa IV">M'Mbelwa IV</a></b> (1984–2013)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%27Mbelwa_V" title="M'Mbelwa V">M'Mbelwa V</a></b> (2013–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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