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GitHub - mandiant/capa: The FLARE team's open-source tool to identify capabilities in executable files.
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class="flex-1"> <button aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="js-details-target js-nav-padding-recalculate js-header-menu-toggle Button--link Button--medium Button d-lg-none color-fg-inherit p-1"> <span class="Button-content"> <span class="Button-label"><div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div> <div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div> <div class="HeaderMenu-toggle-bar rounded my-1"></div></span> </span> </button> </div> <a class="mr-lg-3 color-fg-inherit flex-order-2 js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" href="/" aria-label="Homepage" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to go to homepage","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Logomark;ref_loc:Header"}"> <svg height="32" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github"> <path d="M12 1C5.9225 1 1 5.9225 1 12C1 16.8675 4.14875 20.9787 8.52125 22.4362C9.07125 22.5325 9.2775 22.2025 9.2775 21.9137C9.2775 21.6525 9.26375 20.7862 9.26375 19.865C6.5 20.3737 5.785 19.1912 5.565 18.5725C5.44125 18.2562 4.905 17.28 4.4375 17.0187C4.0525 16.8125 3.5025 16.3037 4.42375 16.29C5.29 16.2762 5.90875 17.0875 6.115 17.4175C7.105 19.0812 8.68625 18.6137 9.31875 18.325C9.415 17.61 9.70375 17.1287 10.02 16.8537C7.5725 16.5787 5.015 15.63 5.015 11.4225C5.015 10.2262 5.44125 9.23625 6.1425 8.46625C6.0325 8.19125 5.6475 7.06375 6.2525 5.55125C6.2525 5.55125 7.17375 5.2625 9.2775 6.67875C10.1575 6.43125 11.0925 6.3075 12.0275 6.3075C12.9625 6.3075 13.8975 6.43125 14.7775 6.67875C16.8813 5.24875 17.8025 5.55125 17.8025 5.55125C18.4075 7.06375 18.0225 8.19125 17.9125 8.46625C18.6138 9.23625 19.04 10.2125 19.04 11.4225C19.04 15.6437 16.4688 16.5787 14.0213 16.8537C14.42 17.1975 14.7638 17.8575 14.7638 18.8887C14.7638 20.36 14.75 21.5425 14.75 21.9137C14.75 22.2025 14.9563 22.5462 15.5063 22.4362C19.8513 20.9787 23 16.8537 23 12C23 5.9225 18.0775 1 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flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> <nav class="HeaderMenu-nav" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Product <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 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1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_advanced_security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_advanced_security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield-check color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M16.53 9.78a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L11 13.19l-1.97-1.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l2.5 2.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l5-5Z"></path><path d="m12.54.637 8.25 2.675A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22 4.976V10c0 6.19-3.771 10.704-9.401 12.83a1.704 1.704 0 0 1-1.198 0C5.77 20.705 2 16.19 2 10V4.976c0-.758.489-1.43 1.21-1.664L11.46.637a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.08 0Zm-.617 1.426-8.25 2.676a.249.249 0 0 0-.173.237V10c0 5.46 3.28 9.483 8.43 11.426a.199.199 0 0 0 .14 0C17.22 19.483 20.5 15.461 20.5 10V4.976a.25.25 0 0 0-.173-.237l-8.25-2.676a.253.253 0 0 0-.154 0Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Advanced Security</div> Find and fix vulnerabilities </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 12 14Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Issues</div> Plan and track work </div> </a></li> <li> <a 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0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_skills","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_skills_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://skills.github.com"> GitHub Skills <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 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seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" 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src=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/raw/master/.github/logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWebsite\u003c/a\u003e\n |\n \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases/latest\"\u003eDownload\u003c/a\u003e\n |\n \u003ca href=\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eWeb Interface\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pypi.org/project/flare-capa\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3c34b1d4ac02d8d6a2d75a423c9b5db3d1277d986cf14860c8caa0a2f6a4ad18/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f707976657273696f6e732f666c6172652d63617061\" alt=\"PyPI - Python Version\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/flare-capa\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4d013a7367e5a9b422a7d767278b7271f72e5337e8a0340c8fcc7f157a9edc8d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f762f72656c656173652f6d616e6469616e742f63617061\" alt=\"Last release\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/mandiant/capa\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://gist.githubusercontent.com/capa-bot/6d7960e911f48b3b74916df8988cf0f3/raw/rules_badge.svg\" alt=\"Number of rules\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/workflows/CI/badge.svg\" alt=\"CI status\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/2be0a9acee334faeda9f7e86c3c6c5256f1e579f991f879fb045c55e0c6a3c1d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f646f776e6c6f6164732f6d616e6469616e742f636170612f746f74616c\" alt=\"Downloads\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/mandiant/capa/total\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"/mandiant/capa/blob/master/LICENSE.txt\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/7ebbb1516e4c1b244f707958f99cb1d4ab4dd578fb90698c4d08a2df8643f255/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f6c6963656e73652d4170616368652d2d322e302d677265656e2e737667\" alt=\"License\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-green.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa detects capabilities in executable files.\nYou run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, shellcode file, or a sandbox report and it tells you what it thinks the program can do.\nFor example, it might suggest that the file is a backdoor, is capable of installing services, or relies on HTTP to communicate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo interactively inspect capa results in your browser use the \u003ca href=\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you want to inspect or write capa rules, head on over to the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules\"\u003ecapa-rules repository\u003c/a\u003e. Otherwise, keep reading.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBelow you find a list of \u003ca href=\"#blog-posts\"\u003eour capa blog posts with more details.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eexample capa output\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-example-capa-output\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: example capa output\" href=\"#example-capa-output\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ capa.exe suspicious.exe\n\n+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| ATT\u0026amp;CK Tactic | ATT\u0026amp;CK Technique |\n|--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| DEFENSE EVASION | Obfuscated Files or Information [T1027] |\n| DISCOVERY | Query Registry [T1012] |\n| | System Information Discovery [T1082] |\n| EXECUTION | Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003] |\n| | Shared Modules [T1129] |\n| EXFILTRATION | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel [T1041] |\n| PERSISTENCE | Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service [T1543.003] |\n+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+\n| CAPABILITY | NAMESPACE |\n|-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------|\n| read and send data from client to server | c2/file-transfer |\n| execute shell command and capture output | c2/shell |\n| receive data (2 matches) | communication |\n| send data (6 matches) | communication |\n| connect to HTTP server (3 matches) | communication/http/client |\n| send HTTP request (3 matches) | communication/http/client |\n| create pipe | communication/named-pipe/create |\n| get socket status (2 matches) | communication/socket |\n| receive data on socket (2 matches) | communication/socket/receive |\n| send data on socket (3 matches) | communication/socket/send |\n| connect TCP socket | communication/socket/tcp |\n| encode data using Base64 | data-manipulation/encoding/base64 |\n| encode data using XOR (6 matches) | data-manipulation/encoding/xor |\n| run as a service | executable/pe |\n| get common file path (3 matches) | host-interaction/file-system |\n| read file | host-interaction/file-system/read |\n| write file (2 matches) | host-interaction/file-system/write |\n| print debug messages (2 matches) | host-interaction/log/debug/write-event |\n| resolve DNS | host-interaction/network/dns/resolve |\n| get hostname | host-interaction/os/hostname |\n| create process | host-interaction/process/create |\n| create registry key | host-interaction/registry/create |\n| create service | host-interaction/service/create |\n| create thread | host-interaction/thread/create |\n| persist via Windows service | persistence/service |\n+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ capa.exe suspicious.exe\n\n+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| ATT\u0026amp;CK Tactic | ATT\u0026amp;CK Technique |\n|--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| DEFENSE EVASION | Obfuscated Files or Information [T1027] |\n| DISCOVERY | Query Registry [T1012] |\n| | System Information Discovery [T1082] |\n| EXECUTION | Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003] |\n| | Shared Modules [T1129] |\n| EXFILTRATION | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel [T1041] |\n| PERSISTENCE | Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service [T1543.003] |\n+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+\n| CAPABILITY | NAMESPACE |\n|-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------|\n| read and send data from client to server | c2/file-transfer |\n| execute shell command and capture output | c2/shell |\n| receive data (2 matches) | communication |\n| send data (6 matches) | communication |\n| connect to HTTP server (3 matches) | communication/http/client |\n| send HTTP request (3 matches) | communication/http/client |\n| create pipe | communication/named-pipe/create |\n| get socket status (2 matches) | communication/socket |\n| receive data on socket (2 matches) | communication/socket/receive |\n| send data on socket (3 matches) | communication/socket/send |\n| connect TCP socket | communication/socket/tcp |\n| encode data using Base64 | data-manipulation/encoding/base64 |\n| encode data using XOR (6 matches) | data-manipulation/encoding/xor |\n| run as a service | executable/pe |\n| get common file path (3 matches) | host-interaction/file-system |\n| read file | host-interaction/file-system/read |\n| write file (2 matches) | host-interaction/file-system/write |\n| print debug messages (2 matches) | host-interaction/log/debug/write-event |\n| resolve DNS | host-interaction/network/dns/resolve |\n| get hostname | host-interaction/os/hostname |\n| create process | host-interaction/process/create |\n| create registry key | host-interaction/registry/create |\n| create service | host-interaction/service/create |\n| create thread | host-interaction/thread/create |\n| persist via Windows service | persistence/service |\n+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003edownload and usage\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-download-and-usage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: download and usage\" href=\"#download-and-usage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDownload stable releases of the standalone capa binaries \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e. You can run the standalone binaries without installation. capa is a command line tool that should be run from the terminal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo use capa as a library or integrate with another tool, see \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md\"\u003edoc/installation.md\u003c/a\u003e for further setup instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-capa-explorer-web\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: capa Explorer Web\" href=\"#capa-explorer-web\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web\u003c/a\u003e enables you to interactively explore capa results in your web browser. Besides the online version you can download a standalone HTML file for local offline usage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/img/capa_web_explorer.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/raw/master/doc/img/capa_web_explorer.png\" alt=\"capa Explorer Web screenshot\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMore details on the web UI is available in the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/web/explorer/README.md\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web README\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eexample\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: example\" href=\"#example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn the above sample output, we run capa against an unknown binary (\u003ccode\u003esuspicious.exe\u003c/code\u003e),\nand the tool reports that the program can send HTTP requests, decode data via XOR and Base64,\ninstall services, and spawn new processes.\nTaken together, this makes us think that \u003ccode\u003esuspicious.exe\u003c/code\u003e could be a persistent backdoor.\nTherefore, our next analysis step might be to run \u003ccode\u003esuspicious.exe\u003c/code\u003e in a sandbox and try to recover the command and control server.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003edetailed results\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-detailed-results\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: detailed results\" href=\"#detailed-results\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy passing the \u003ccode\u003e-vv\u003c/code\u003e flag (for very verbose), capa reports exactly where it found evidence of these capabilities.\nThis is useful for at least two reasons:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eit helps explain why we should trust the results, and enables us to verify the conclusions, and\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eit shows where within the binary an experienced analyst might study with IDA Pro\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ capa.exe suspicious.exe -vv\n...\nexecute shell command and capture output\nnamespace c2/shell\nauthor matthew.williams@mandiant.com\nscope function\natt\u0026amp;ck Execution::Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003]\nreferences https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/ns-processthreadsapi-startupinfoa\nfunction @ 0x4011C0\n and:\n match: create a process with modified I/O handles and window @ 0x4011C0\n and:\n number: 257 = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW @ 0x4012B8\n or:\n number: 68 = StartupInfo.cb (size) @ 0x401282\n or: = API functions that accept a pointer to a STARTUPINFO structure\n api: kernel32.CreateProcess @ 0x401343\n match: create pipe @ 0x4011C0\n or:\n api: kernel32.CreatePipe @ 0x40126F, 0x401280\n optional:\n match: create thread @ 0x40136A, 0x4013BA\n or:\n and:\n os: windows\n or:\n api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x4013D7\n or:\n and:\n os: windows\n or:\n api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x401395\n or:\n string: \u0026quot;cmd.exe\u0026quot; @ 0x4012FD\n...\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e$ capa.exe suspicious.exe -vv\n...\nexecute shell command and capture output\nnamespace c2/shell\nauthor matthew.williams@mandiant.com\nscope function\natt\u0026amp;ck Execution::Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003]\nreferences https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/ns-processthreadsapi-startupinfoa\nfunction @ 0x4011C0\n and:\n match: create a process with modified I/O handles and window @ 0x4011C0\n and:\n number: 257 = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW @ 0x4012B8\n or:\n number: 68 = StartupInfo.cb (size) @ 0x401282\n or: = API functions that accept a pointer to a STARTUPINFO structure\n api: kernel32.CreateProcess @ 0x401343\n match: create pipe @ 0x4011C0\n or:\n api: kernel32.CreatePipe @ 0x40126F, 0x401280\n optional:\n match: create thread @ 0x40136A, 0x4013BA\n or:\n and:\n os: windows\n or:\n api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x4013D7\n or:\n and:\n os: windows\n or:\n api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x401395\n or:\n string: \"cmd.exe\" @ 0x4012FD\n...\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa also supports dynamic capabilities detection for multiple sandboxes including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/kevoreilly/CAPEv2\"\u003eCAPE\u003c/a\u003e (supported report formats: \u003ccode\u003e.json\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e.json_\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e.json.gz\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/CERT-Polska/drakvuf-sandbox/\"\u003eDRAKVUF\u003c/a\u003e (supported report formats: \u003ccode\u003e.log\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003e.log.gz\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.vmray.com/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eVMRay\u003c/a\u003e (supported report formats: analysis archive \u003ccode\u003e.zip\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo use this feature, submit your file to a supported sandbox and then download and run capa against the generated report file. This feature enables capa to match capabilities against dynamic and static features that the sandbox captured during execution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHere's an example of running capa against a packed file, and then running capa against the CAPE report generated for the same packed file:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: This sample appears to be packed.\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: \nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Packed samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic.\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: capa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete.\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: If possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa.\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Alternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results.\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: \nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Identified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: \nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Use -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa.\nWARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json\n\n┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑\n│ ATT\u0026amp;CK Tactic │ ATT\u0026amp;CK Technique │\n┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥\n│ CREDENTIAL ACCESS │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555 │\n├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n│ DEFENSE EVASION │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222 │\n│ │ Modify Registry T1112 │\n│ │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027 │\n│ │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002 │\n├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n│ DISCOVERY │ Account Discovery T1087 │\n│ │ Application Window Discovery T1010 │\n│ │ File and Directory Discovery T1083 │\n│ │ Query Registry T1012 │\n│ │ System Information Discovery T1082 │\n│ │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001 │\n│ │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033 │\n├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n│ EXECUTION │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002 │\n├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\n│ PERSISTENCE │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001 │\n│ │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004 │\n│ │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003 │\n┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙\n\n┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑\n│ Capability │ Namespace │\n┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥\n│ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches) │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection │\n│ gather bitkinex information │ collection/file-managers │\n│ gather classicftp information │ collection/file-managers │\n│ gather filezilla information │ collection/file-managers │\n│ gather total-commander information │ collection/file-managers │\n│ gather ultrafxp information │ collection/file-managers │\n│ resolve DNS (23 matches) │ communication/dns │\n│ initialize Winsock library (7 matches) │ communication/socket │\n│ act as TCP client (3 matches) │ communication/tcp/client │\n│ create new key via CryptAcquireContext │ data-manipulation/encryption │\n│ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/encryption │\n│ hash data via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │\n│ initialize hashing via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │\n│ hash data with MD5 │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5 │\n│ generate random numbers via WinAPI │ data-manipulation/prng │\n│ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches) │ executable/resource │\n│ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches) │ host-interaction/driver │\n│ get Program Files directory (18 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │\n│ get common file path (575 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │\n│ create directory (2 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/create │\n│ delete file │ host-interaction/file-system/delete │\n│ get file attributes (122 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │\n│ set file attributes (8 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │\n│ move file │ host-interaction/file-system/move │\n│ find taskbar (3 matches) │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find │\n│ get keyboard layout (12 matches) │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard │\n│ get disk size │ host-interaction/hardware/storage │\n│ get hostname (4 matches) │ host-interaction/os/hostname │\n│ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches) │ host-interaction/process/inject │\n│ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │\n│ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │\n│ delete registry key │ host-interaction/registry/delete │\n│ start service │ host-interaction/service/start │\n│ get session user name │ host-interaction/session │\n│ persist via Run registry key │ persistence/registry/run │\n│ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper │\n│ persist via Windows service (2 matches) │ persistence/service │\n┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eThis sample appears to be packed.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ePacked samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ecapa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eIf possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eAlternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eIdentified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \n\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eUse -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eWARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ ATT\u0026amp;CK Tactic │ ATT\u0026amp;CK Technique │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ CREDENTIAL ACCESS │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ DEFENSE EVASION │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Modify Registry T1112 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ DISCOVERY │ Account Discovery T1087 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Application Window Discovery T1010 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ File and Directory Discovery T1083 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Query Registry T1012 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ System Information Discovery T1082 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ EXECUTION │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ PERSISTENCE │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ Capability │ Namespace │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches) │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ gather bitkinex information │ collection/file-managers │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ gather classicftp information │ collection/file-managers │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ gather filezilla information │ collection/file-managers │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ gather total-commander information │ collection/file-managers │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ gather ultrafxp information │ collection/file-managers │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ resolve DNS (23 matches) │ communication/dns │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ initialize Winsock library (7 matches) │ communication/socket │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ act as TCP client (3 matches) │ communication/tcp/client │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ create new key via CryptAcquireContext │ data-manipulation/encryption │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/encryption │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ hash data via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ initialize hashing via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ hash data with MD5 │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5 │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ generate random numbers via WinAPI │ data-manipulation/prng │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches) │ executable/resource │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches) │ host-interaction/driver │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get Program Files directory (18 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get common file path (575 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ create directory (2 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/create │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ delete file │ host-interaction/file-system/delete │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get file attributes (122 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ set file attributes (8 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ move file │ host-interaction/file-system/move │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ find taskbar (3 matches) │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get keyboard layout (12 matches) │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get disk size │ host-interaction/hardware/storage │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get hostname (4 matches) │ host-interaction/os/hostname │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches) │ host-interaction/process/inject │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ delete registry key │ host-interaction/registry/delete │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ start service │ host-interaction/service/start │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ get session user name │ host-interaction/session │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ persist via Run registry key │ persistence/registry/run │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e│ persist via Windows service (2 matches) │ persistence/service │\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa rules\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-capa-rules\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: capa rules\" href=\"#capa-rules\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa uses a collection of rules to identify capabilities within a program.\nThese rules are easy to write, even for those new to reverse engineering.\nBy authoring rules, you can extend the capabilities that capa recognizes.\nIn some regards, capa rules are a mixture of the OpenIOC, Yara, and YAML formats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHere's an example rule used by capa:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"rule:\n meta:\n name: create TCP socket\n namespace: communication/socket/tcp\n authors:\n - william.ballenthin@mandiant.com\n - joakim@intezer.com\n - anushka.virgaonkar@mandiant.com\n scopes:\n static: basic block\n dynamic: call\n mbc:\n - Communication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011]\n examples:\n - Practical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010\n features:\n - or:\n - and:\n - number: 6 = IPPROTO_TCP\n - number: 1 = SOCK_STREAM\n - number: 2 = AF_INET\n - or:\n - api: ws2_32.socket\n - api: ws2_32.WSASocket\n - api: socket\n - property/read: System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003erule\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003emeta\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ecreate TCP socket\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003enamespace\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ecommunication/socket/tcp\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eauthors\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ewilliam.ballenthin@mandiant.com\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ejoakim@intezer.com\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eanushka.virgaonkar@mandiant.com\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003escopes\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003estatic\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ebasic block\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003edynamic\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ecall\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003embc\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eCommunication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011]\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eexamples\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ePractical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003efeatures\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eor\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e6 = IPPROTO_TCP\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e1 = SOCK_STREAM\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e2 = AF_INET\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eor\u003c/span\u003e:\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eapi\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ews2_32.socket\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eapi\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003ews2_32.WSASocket\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eapi\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003esocket\u003c/span\u003e\n - \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003eproperty/read\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003eSystem.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules\"\u003egithub.com/mandiant/capa-rules\u003c/a\u003e repository contains hundreds of standard rules that are distributed with capa.\nPlease learn to write rules and contribute new entries as you find interesting techniques in malware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIDA Pro plugin: capa explorer\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ida-pro-plugin-capa-explorer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: IDA Pro plugin: capa explorer\" href=\"#ida-pro-plugin-capa-explorer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you use IDA Pro, then you can use the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa/ida/plugin\"\u003ecapa explorer\u003c/a\u003e plugin.\ncapa explorer helps you identify interesting areas of a program and build new capa rules using features extracted directly from your IDA Pro database.\nIt also uses your local changes to the .idb to extract better features, such as when you rename a global variable that contains a dynamically resolved API address.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/img/explorer_expanded.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/raw/master/doc/img/explorer_expanded.png\" alt=\"capa + IDA Pro integration\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGhidra integration\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ghidra-integration\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Ghidra integration\" href=\"#ghidra-integration\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you use Ghidra, then you can use the \u003ca href=\"/mandiant/capa/blob/master/capa/ghidra\"\u003ecapa + Ghidra integration\u003c/a\u003e to run capa's analysis directly on your Ghidra database and render the results in Ghidra's user interface.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/66766340/300138203-eeae33f4-99d4-42dc-a5e8-4c1b8c661492.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJnaXRodWIuY29tIiwiYXVkIjoicmF3LmdpdGh1YnVzZXJjb250ZW50LmNvbSIsImtleSI6ImtleTUiLCJleHAiOjE3NDM5NTU2MjcsIm5iZiI6MTc0Mzk1NTMyNywicGF0aCI6Ii82Njc2NjM0MC8zMDAxMzgyMDMtZWVhZTMzZjQtOTlkNC00MmRjLWE1ZTgtNGMxYjhjNjYxNDkyLnBuZz9YLUFtei1BbGdvcml0aG09QVdTNC1ITUFDLVNIQTI1NiZYLUFtei1DcmVkZW50aWFsPUFLSUFWQ09EWUxTQTUzUFFLNFpBJTJGMjAyNTA0MDYlMkZ1cy1lYXN0LTElMkZzMyUyRmF3czRfcmVxdWVzdCZYLUFtei1EYXRlPTIwMjUwNDA2VDE2MDIwN1omWC1BbXotRXhwaXJlcz0zMDAmWC1BbXotU2lnbmF0dXJlPWE5M2NiMmMwMWE3NjQwMjExMzlmMGM5ZDZhNGM1MDhiZmYzZDUyMTRiZDZkOTRjMjcyYTY0OGQ5ZWMwMTg5YjYmWC1BbXotU2lnbmVkSGVhZGVycz1ob3N0In0.MAtU-sGwltJVFzuNBvLuceh9bIO12QpqU_XvowzglE8\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/66766340/300138203-eeae33f4-99d4-42dc-a5e8-4c1b8c661492.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.MAtU-sGwltJVFzuNBvLuceh9bIO12QpqU_XvowzglE8\" width=\"300\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eblog posts\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-blog-posts\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: blog posts\" href=\"#blog-posts\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eDynamic capa: Exploring Executable Run-Time Behavior with the CAPE Sandbox\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/capa-v4-casting-wider-net\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecapa v4: casting a wider .NET\u003c/a\u003e (.NET support)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/elfant-in-the-room-capa-v3\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eELFant in the Room – capa v3\u003c/a\u003e (ELF support)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/capa-2-better-stronger-faster\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecapa 2.0: Better, Stronger, Faster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ecapa: Automatically Identify Malware Capabilities\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003efurther information\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-further-information\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: further information\" href=\"#further-information\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-capa\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: capa\" href=\"#capa\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md\"\u003eInstallation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/usage.md\"\u003eUsage\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/limitations.md\"\u003eLimitations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md\"\u003eContributing Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ecapa rules\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-capa-rules-1\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: capa rules\" href=\"#capa-rules-1\"\u003e\u003csvg 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undefined" id="folder-row-2"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="capa" aria-label="capa, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa">capa</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="capa" aria-label="capa, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa">capa</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-commit-cell"><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td><td><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td></tr><tr class="react-directory-row undefined" id="folder-row-3"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" 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style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="doc" aria-label="doc, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa/tree/master/doc">doc</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-commit-cell"><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td><td><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td></tr><tr class="react-directory-row undefined" id="folder-row-4"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-submodule icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 2.75C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1H5c.55 0 1.07.26 1.4.7l.9 1.2a.25.25 0 0 0 .2.1h6.75c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 15H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 13.25Zm9.42 9.36 2.883-2.677a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.366L9.42 6.39a.249.249 0 0 0-.42.183V8.5H4.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H9v1.927c0 .218.26.331.42.183Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="rules" aria-label="rules, (Submodule)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa-rules/tree/d64c2c91ea4be309fb42aea13bf185bf76013ea2"><span style="color:var(--fgColor-accent, var(--color-accent-fg))">rules @ d64c2c9</span></a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-submodule icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 2.75C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1H5c.55 0 1.07.26 1.4.7l.9 1.2a.25.25 0 0 0 .2.1h6.75c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 15H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 13.25Zm9.42 9.36 2.883-2.677a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.366L9.42 6.39a.249.249 0 0 0-.42.183V8.5H4.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H9v1.927c0 .218.26.331.42.183Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="rules" aria-label="rules, (Submodule)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa-rules/tree/d64c2c91ea4be309fb42aea13bf185bf76013ea2"><span style="color:var(--fgColor-accent, var(--color-accent-fg))">rules @ d64c2c9</span></a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-commit-cell"><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td><td><div class="Skeleton Skeleton--text"> </div></td></tr><tr class="react-directory-row undefined" id="folder-row-5"><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-small-screen" colSpan="2"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="scripts" aria-label="scripts, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa/tree/master/scripts">scripts</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" 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aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M1.75 1A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 0 2.75v10.5C0 14.216.784 15 1.75 15h12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 16 13.25v-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 0 14.25 3H7.5a.25.25 0 0 1-.2-.1l-.9-1.2C6.07 1.26 5.55 1 5 1H1.75Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title="sigs" aria-label="sigs, (Directory)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa/tree/master/sigs">sigs</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file-directory-fill icon-directory" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" 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0 .909.184 1.237.513l2.914 2.914c.329.328.513.773.513 1.237v9.586A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 13.25 16h-9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h9.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6h-2.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 4.25V1.5Zm6.75.062V4.25c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.688l-.011-.013-2.914-2.914-.013-.011Z"></path></svg><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="react-directory-filename-cell"><div class="react-directory-truncate"><a title=".gitignore" aria-label=".gitignore, (File)" class="Link--primary" href="/mandiant/capa/blob/master/.gitignore">.gitignore</a></div></div></div></div></td><td class="react-directory-row-name-cell-large-screen" colSpan="1"><div class="react-directory-filename-column"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-file color-fg-muted" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M2 1.75C2 .784 2.784 0 3.75 0h6.586c.464 0 .909.184 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2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><br> <div align="center" dir="auto"> <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/" rel="nofollow"> <img src="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/raw/master/.github/logo.png" style="max-width: 100%;"> </a> <p align="center" dir="auto"> <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/" rel="nofollow">Website</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases/latest">Download</a> | <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" rel="nofollow">Web Interface</a> </p> <div align="center" dir="auto"> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://pypi.org/project/flare-capa" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3c34b1d4ac02d8d6a2d75a423c9b5db3d1277d986cf14860c8caa0a2f6a4ad18/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f707976657273696f6e732f666c6172652d63617061" alt="PyPI - Python Version" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/flare-capa" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/4d013a7367e5a9b422a7d767278b7271f72e5337e8a0340c8fcc7f157a9edc8d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f762f72656c656173652f6d616e6469616e742f63617061" alt="Last release" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/mandiant/capa" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules"><img src="https://gist.githubusercontent.com/capa-bot/6d7960e911f48b3b74916df8988cf0f3/raw/rules_badge.svg" alt="Number of rules" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/actions?query=workflow%3ACI+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster"><img src="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/workflows/CI/badge.svg" alt="CI status" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/2be0a9acee334faeda9f7e86c3c6c5256f1e579f991f879fb045c55e0c6a3c1d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f646f776e6c6f6164732f6d616e6469616e742f636170612f746f74616c" alt="Downloads" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/mandiant/capa/total" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="/mandiant/capa/blob/master/LICENSE.txt"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/7ebbb1516e4c1b244f707958f99cb1d4ab4dd578fb90698c4d08a2df8643f255/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f6c6963656e73652d4170616368652d2d322e302d677265656e2e737667" alt="License" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0-green.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> </div> </div> <hr> <p dir="auto">capa detects capabilities in executable files. You run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, shellcode file, or a sandbox report and it tells you what it thinks the program can do. For example, it might suggest that the file is a backdoor, is capable of installing services, or relies on HTTP to communicate.</p> <p dir="auto">To interactively inspect capa results in your browser use the <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" rel="nofollow">capa Explorer Web</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">If you want to inspect or write capa rules, head on over to the <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules">capa-rules repository</a>. Otherwise, keep reading.</p> <p dir="auto">Below you find a list of <a href="#blog-posts">our capa blog posts with more details.</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">example capa output</h1><a id="user-content-example-capa-output" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: example capa output" href="#example-capa-output"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ capa.exe suspicious.exe +--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ATT&CK Tactic | ATT&CK Technique | |--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------| | DEFENSE EVASION | Obfuscated Files or Information [T1027] | | DISCOVERY | Query Registry [T1012] | | | System Information Discovery [T1082] | | EXECUTION | Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003] | | | Shared Modules [T1129] | | EXFILTRATION | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel [T1041] | | PERSISTENCE | Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service [T1543.003] | +--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | CAPABILITY | NAMESPACE | |-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------| | read and send data from client to server | c2/file-transfer | | execute shell command and capture output | c2/shell | | receive data (2 matches) | communication | | send data (6 matches) | communication | | connect to HTTP server (3 matches) | communication/http/client | | send HTTP request (3 matches) | communication/http/client | | create pipe | communication/named-pipe/create | | get socket status (2 matches) | communication/socket | | receive data on socket (2 matches) | communication/socket/receive | | send data on socket (3 matches) | communication/socket/send | | connect TCP socket | communication/socket/tcp | | encode data using Base64 | data-manipulation/encoding/base64 | | encode data using XOR (6 matches) | data-manipulation/encoding/xor | | run as a service | executable/pe | | get common file path (3 matches) | host-interaction/file-system | | read file | host-interaction/file-system/read | | write file (2 matches) | host-interaction/file-system/write | | print debug messages (2 matches) | host-interaction/log/debug/write-event | | resolve DNS | host-interaction/network/dns/resolve | | get hostname | host-interaction/os/hostname | | create process | host-interaction/process/create | | create registry key | host-interaction/registry/create | | create service | host-interaction/service/create | | create thread | host-interaction/thread/create | | persist via Windows service | persistence/service | +-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+"><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ capa.exe suspicious.exe +--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ATT&CK Tactic | ATT&CK Technique | |--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------| | DEFENSE EVASION | Obfuscated Files or Information [T1027] | | DISCOVERY | Query Registry [T1012] | | | System Information Discovery [T1082] | | EXECUTION | Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003] | | | Shared Modules [T1129] | | EXFILTRATION | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel [T1041] | | PERSISTENCE | Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service [T1543.003] | +--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | CAPABILITY | NAMESPACE | |-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------| | read and send data from client to server | c2/file-transfer | | execute shell command and capture output | c2/shell | | receive data (2 matches) | communication | | send data (6 matches) | communication | | connect to HTTP server (3 matches) | communication/http/client | | send HTTP request (3 matches) | communication/http/client | | create pipe | communication/named-pipe/create | | get socket status (2 matches) | communication/socket | | receive data on socket (2 matches) | communication/socket/receive | | send data on socket (3 matches) | communication/socket/send | | connect TCP socket | communication/socket/tcp | | encode data using Base64 | data-manipulation/encoding/base64 | | encode data using XOR (6 matches) | data-manipulation/encoding/xor | | run as a service | executable/pe | | get common file path (3 matches) | host-interaction/file-system | | read file | host-interaction/file-system/read | | write file (2 matches) | host-interaction/file-system/write | | print debug messages (2 matches) | host-interaction/log/debug/write-event | | resolve DNS | host-interaction/network/dns/resolve | | get hostname | host-interaction/os/hostname | | create process | host-interaction/process/create | | create registry key | host-interaction/registry/create | | create service | host-interaction/service/create | | create thread | host-interaction/thread/create | | persist via Windows service | persistence/service | +-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">download and usage</h1><a id="user-content-download-and-usage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: download and usage" href="#download-and-usage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Download stable releases of the standalone capa binaries <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases">here</a>. You can run the standalone binaries without installation. capa is a command line tool that should be run from the terminal.</p> <p dir="auto">To use capa as a library or integrate with another tool, see <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md">doc/installation.md</a> for further setup instructions.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">capa Explorer Web</h1><a id="user-content-capa-explorer-web" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: capa Explorer Web" href="#capa-explorer-web"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" rel="nofollow">capa Explorer Web</a> enables you to interactively explore capa results in your web browser. Besides the online version you can download a standalone HTML file for local offline usage.</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/img/capa_web_explorer.png"><img src="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/raw/master/doc/img/capa_web_explorer.png" alt="capa Explorer Web screenshot" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">More details on the web UI is available in the <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/web/explorer/README.md">capa Explorer Web README</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">example</h1><a id="user-content-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: example" href="#example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In the above sample output, we run capa against an unknown binary (<code>suspicious.exe</code>), and the tool reports that the program can send HTTP requests, decode data via XOR and Base64, install services, and spawn new processes. Taken together, this makes us think that <code>suspicious.exe</code> could be a persistent backdoor. Therefore, our next analysis step might be to run <code>suspicious.exe</code> in a sandbox and try to recover the command and control server.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">detailed results</h2><a id="user-content-detailed-results" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: detailed results" href="#detailed-results"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">By passing the <code>-vv</code> flag (for very verbose), capa reports exactly where it found evidence of these capabilities. This is useful for at least two reasons:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>it helps explain why we should trust the results, and enables us to verify the conclusions, and</li> <li>it shows where within the binary an experienced analyst might study with IDA Pro</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ capa.exe suspicious.exe -vv ... execute shell command and capture output namespace c2/shell author matthew.williams@mandiant.com scope function att&ck Execution::Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003] references https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/ns-processthreadsapi-startupinfoa function @ 0x4011C0 and: match: create a process with modified I/O handles and window @ 0x4011C0 and: number: 257 = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW @ 0x4012B8 or: number: 68 = StartupInfo.cb (size) @ 0x401282 or: = API functions that accept a pointer to a STARTUPINFO structure api: kernel32.CreateProcess @ 0x401343 match: create pipe @ 0x4011C0 or: api: kernel32.CreatePipe @ 0x40126F, 0x401280 optional: match: create thread @ 0x40136A, 0x4013BA or: and: os: windows or: api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x4013D7 or: and: os: windows or: api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x401395 or: string: "cmd.exe" @ 0x4012FD ..."><pre class="notranslate"><code>$ capa.exe suspicious.exe -vv ... execute shell command and capture output namespace c2/shell author matthew.williams@mandiant.com scope function att&ck Execution::Command and Scripting Interpreter::Windows Command Shell [T1059.003] references https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/ns-processthreadsapi-startupinfoa function @ 0x4011C0 and: match: create a process with modified I/O handles and window @ 0x4011C0 and: number: 257 = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW @ 0x4012B8 or: number: 68 = StartupInfo.cb (size) @ 0x401282 or: = API functions that accept a pointer to a STARTUPINFO structure api: kernel32.CreateProcess @ 0x401343 match: create pipe @ 0x4011C0 or: api: kernel32.CreatePipe @ 0x40126F, 0x401280 optional: match: create thread @ 0x40136A, 0x4013BA or: and: os: windows or: api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x4013D7 or: and: os: windows or: api: kernel32.CreateThread @ 0x401395 or: string: "cmd.exe" @ 0x4012FD ... </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">capa also supports dynamic capabilities detection for multiple sandboxes including:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/kevoreilly/CAPEv2">CAPE</a> (supported report formats: <code>.json</code>, <code>.json_</code>, <code>.json.gz</code>)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/CERT-Polska/drakvuf-sandbox/">DRAKVUF</a> (supported report formats: <code>.log</code>, <code>.log.gz</code>)</li> <li><a href="https://www.vmray.com/" rel="nofollow">VMRay</a> (supported report formats: analysis archive <code>.zip</code>)</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">To use this feature, submit your file to a supported sandbox and then download and run capa against the generated report file. This feature enables capa to match capabilities against dynamic and static features that the sandbox captured during execution.</p> <p dir="auto">Here's an example of running capa against a packed file, and then running capa against the CAPE report generated for the same packed file:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: This sample appears to be packed. WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Packed samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic. WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: capa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete. WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: If possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa. WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Alternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results. WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Identified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Use -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa. WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json ┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑ │ ATT&CK Tactic │ ATT&CK Technique │ ┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥ │ CREDENTIAL ACCESS │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555 │ ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ DEFENSE EVASION │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222 │ │ │ Modify Registry T1112 │ │ │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027 │ │ │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002 │ ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ DISCOVERY │ Account Discovery T1087 │ │ │ Application Window Discovery T1010 │ │ │ File and Directory Discovery T1083 │ │ │ Query Registry T1012 │ │ │ System Information Discovery T1082 │ │ │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001 │ │ │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033 │ ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ EXECUTION │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002 │ ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ PERSISTENCE │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001 │ │ │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004 │ │ │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003 │ ┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙ ┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑ │ Capability │ Namespace │ ┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥ │ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches) │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection │ │ gather bitkinex information │ collection/file-managers │ │ gather classicftp information │ collection/file-managers │ │ gather filezilla information │ collection/file-managers │ │ gather total-commander information │ collection/file-managers │ │ gather ultrafxp information │ collection/file-managers │ │ resolve DNS (23 matches) │ communication/dns │ │ initialize Winsock library (7 matches) │ communication/socket │ │ act as TCP client (3 matches) │ communication/tcp/client │ │ create new key via CryptAcquireContext │ data-manipulation/encryption │ │ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/encryption │ │ hash data via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │ │ initialize hashing via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │ │ hash data with MD5 │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5 │ │ generate random numbers via WinAPI │ data-manipulation/prng │ │ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches) │ executable/resource │ │ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches) │ host-interaction/driver │ │ get Program Files directory (18 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │ │ get common file path (575 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │ │ create directory (2 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/create │ │ delete file │ host-interaction/file-system/delete │ │ get file attributes (122 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │ │ set file attributes (8 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │ │ move file │ host-interaction/file-system/move │ │ find taskbar (3 matches) │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find │ │ get keyboard layout (12 matches) │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard │ │ get disk size │ host-interaction/hardware/storage │ │ get hostname (4 matches) │ host-interaction/os/hostname │ │ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches) │ host-interaction/process/inject │ │ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │ │ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │ │ delete registry key │ host-interaction/registry/delete │ │ start service │ host-interaction/service/start │ │ get session user name │ host-interaction/session │ │ persist via Run registry key │ persistence/registry/run │ │ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper │ │ persist via Windows service (2 matches) │ persistence/service │ ┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙"><pre><span class="pl-s">$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe</span> <span class="pl-s">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">This sample appears to be packed.</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">Packed samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic.</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">capa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete.</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">If possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa.</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">Alternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results.</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">Identified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation</span> <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-ent">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common</span>: <span class="pl-s">Use -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa.</span> <span class="pl-s">WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span> <span class="pl-s">$ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json</span> <span class="pl-s">┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑</span> <span class="pl-s">│ ATT&CK Tactic │ ATT&CK Technique │</span> <span class="pl-s">┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥</span> <span class="pl-s">│ CREDENTIAL ACCESS │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555 │</span> <span class="pl-s">├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤</span> <span class="pl-s">│ DEFENSE EVASION │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Modify Registry T1112 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002 │</span> <span class="pl-s">├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤</span> <span class="pl-s">│ DISCOVERY │ Account Discovery T1087 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Application Window Discovery T1010 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ File and Directory Discovery T1083 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Query Registry T1012 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ System Information Discovery T1082 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033 │</span> <span class="pl-s">├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤</span> <span class="pl-s">│ EXECUTION │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002 │</span> <span class="pl-s">├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤</span> <span class="pl-s">│ PERSISTENCE │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003 │</span> <span class="pl-s">┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙</span> <span class="pl-s">┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑</span> <span class="pl-s">│ Capability │ Namespace │</span> <span class="pl-s">┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥</span> <span class="pl-s">│ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches) │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ gather bitkinex information │ collection/file-managers │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ gather classicftp information │ collection/file-managers │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ gather filezilla information │ collection/file-managers │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ gather total-commander information │ collection/file-managers │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ gather ultrafxp information │ collection/file-managers │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ resolve DNS (23 matches) │ communication/dns │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ initialize Winsock library (7 matches) │ communication/socket │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ act as TCP client (3 matches) │ communication/tcp/client │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ create new key via CryptAcquireContext │ data-manipulation/encryption │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/encryption │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ hash data via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ initialize hashing via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ hash data with MD5 │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5 │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ generate random numbers via WinAPI │ data-manipulation/prng │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches) │ executable/resource │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches) │ host-interaction/driver │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get Program Files directory (18 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get common file path (575 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ create directory (2 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/create │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ delete file │ host-interaction/file-system/delete │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get file attributes (122 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ set file attributes (8 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ move file │ host-interaction/file-system/move │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ find taskbar (3 matches) │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get keyboard layout (12 matches) │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get disk size │ host-interaction/hardware/storage │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get hostname (4 matches) │ host-interaction/os/hostname │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches) │ host-interaction/process/inject │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ delete registry key │ host-interaction/registry/delete │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ start service │ host-interaction/service/start │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ get session user name │ host-interaction/session │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ persist via Run registry key │ persistence/registry/run │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper │</span> <span class="pl-s">│ persist via Windows service (2 matches) │ persistence/service │</span> <span class="pl-s">┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">capa rules</h1><a id="user-content-capa-rules" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: capa rules" href="#capa-rules"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">capa uses a collection of rules to identify capabilities within a program. These rules are easy to write, even for those new to reverse engineering. By authoring rules, you can extend the capabilities that capa recognizes. In some regards, capa rules are a mixture of the OpenIOC, Yara, and YAML formats.</p> <p dir="auto">Here's an example rule used by capa:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-yaml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="rule: meta: name: create TCP socket namespace: communication/socket/tcp authors: - william.ballenthin@mandiant.com - joakim@intezer.com - anushka.virgaonkar@mandiant.com scopes: static: basic block dynamic: call mbc: - Communication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011] examples: - Practical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010 features: - or: - and: - number: 6 = IPPROTO_TCP - number: 1 = SOCK_STREAM - number: 2 = AF_INET - or: - api: ws2_32.socket - api: ws2_32.WSASocket - api: socket - property/read: System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client"><pre><span class="pl-ent">rule</span>: <span class="pl-ent">meta</span>: <span class="pl-ent">name</span>: <span class="pl-s">create TCP socket</span> <span class="pl-ent">namespace</span>: <span class="pl-s">communication/socket/tcp</span> <span class="pl-ent">authors</span>: - <span class="pl-s">william.ballenthin@mandiant.com</span> - <span class="pl-s">joakim@intezer.com</span> - <span class="pl-s">anushka.virgaonkar@mandiant.com</span> <span class="pl-ent">scopes</span>: <span class="pl-ent">static</span>: <span class="pl-s">basic block</span> <span class="pl-ent">dynamic</span>: <span class="pl-s">call</span> <span class="pl-ent">mbc</span>: - <span class="pl-s">Communication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011]</span> <span class="pl-ent">examples</span>: - <span class="pl-s">Practical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010</span> <span class="pl-ent">features</span>: - <span class="pl-ent">or</span>: - <span class="pl-ent">and</span>: - <span class="pl-ent">number</span>: <span class="pl-s">6 = IPPROTO_TCP</span> - <span class="pl-ent">number</span>: <span class="pl-s">1 = SOCK_STREAM</span> - <span class="pl-ent">number</span>: <span class="pl-s">2 = AF_INET</span> - <span class="pl-ent">or</span>: - <span class="pl-ent">api</span>: <span class="pl-s">ws2_32.socket</span> - <span class="pl-ent">api</span>: <span class="pl-s">ws2_32.WSASocket</span> - <span class="pl-ent">api</span>: <span class="pl-s">socket</span> - <span class="pl-ent">property/read</span>: <span class="pl-s">System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules">github.com/mandiant/capa-rules</a> repository contains hundreds of standard rules that are distributed with capa. Please learn to write rules and contribute new entries as you find interesting techniques in malware.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">IDA Pro plugin: capa explorer</h1><a id="user-content-ida-pro-plugin-capa-explorer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: IDA Pro plugin: capa explorer" href="#ida-pro-plugin-capa-explorer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you use IDA Pro, then you can use the <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa/ida/plugin">capa explorer</a> plugin. capa explorer helps you identify interesting areas of a program and build new capa rules using features extracted directly from your IDA Pro database. It also uses your local changes to the .idb to extract better features, such as when you rename a global variable that contains a dynamically resolved API address.</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/img/explorer_expanded.png"><img src="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/raw/master/doc/img/explorer_expanded.png" alt="capa + IDA Pro integration" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Ghidra integration</h1><a id="user-content-ghidra-integration" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Ghidra integration" href="#ghidra-integration"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">If you use Ghidra, then you can use the <a href="/mandiant/capa/blob/master/capa/ghidra">capa + Ghidra integration</a> to run capa's analysis directly on your Ghidra database and render the results in Ghidra's user interface.</p> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/66766340/300138203-eeae33f4-99d4-42dc-a5e8-4c1b8c661492.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.MAtU-sGwltJVFzuNBvLuceh9bIO12QpqU_XvowzglE8"><img src="https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/66766340/300138203-eeae33f4-99d4-42dc-a5e8-4c1b8c661492.png?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.MAtU-sGwltJVFzuNBvLuceh9bIO12QpqU_XvowzglE8" width="300" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">blog posts</h1><a id="user-content-blog-posts" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: blog posts" href="#blog-posts"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox" rel="nofollow">Dynamic capa: Exploring Executable Run-Time Behavior with the CAPE Sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/capa-v4-casting-wider-net" rel="nofollow">capa v4: casting a wider .NET</a> (.NET support)</li> <li><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/elfant-in-the-room-capa-v3" rel="nofollow">ELFant in the Room – capa v3</a> (ELF support)</li> <li><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/capa-2-better-stronger-faster" rel="nofollow">capa 2.0: Better, Stronger, Faster</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mandiant.com/resources/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities" rel="nofollow">capa: Automatically Identify Malware Capabilities</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">further information</h1><a id="user-content-further-information" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: further information" href="#further-information"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">capa</h2><a id="user-content-capa" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: capa" href="#capa"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md">Installation</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/usage.md">Usage</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/limitations.md">Limitations</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md">Contributing Guide</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">capa rules</h2><a id="user-content-capa-rules-1" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: capa rules" href="#capa-rules-1"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules">capa-rules repository</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules/blob/master/doc/format.md">capa-rules rule format</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">capa testfiles</h2><a id="user-content-capa-testfiles" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: capa testfiles" href="#capa-testfiles"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa-testfiles">capa-testfiles repository</a> contains the data we use to test capa's code and rules</p> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="JiL1CMz47U1i7QH1HSFPRjn0gRi7L3HFmJqf0XMjLOLDrB5u97BbwXNTHl9wnXcc4CTB0FzggcEg4Be4m7qTDw==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> The FLARE team's open-source tool to identify capabilities in executable files. </p> <div class="my-3 d-flex flex-items-center"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link flex-shrink-0 mr-2"> <path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path> </svg> <span class="flex-auto min-width-0 css-truncate css-truncate-target width-fit"> <a title="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="text-bold" href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/">mandiant.github.io/capa/</a> </span> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Topics</h3> <div class="my-3"> <div class="f6"> <a href="/topics/reverse-engineering" title="Topic: reverse-engineering" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> reverse-engineering </a> <a href="/topics/malware-analysis" title="Topic: malware-analysis" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> malware-analysis </a> <a href="/topics/binary-analysis" title="Topic: binary-analysis" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> binary-analysis </a> <a href="/topics/threat-intelligence" title="Topic: threat-intelligence" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> threat-intelligence </a> <a href="/topics/gsoc-2025" title="Topic: gsoc-2025" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> gsoc-2025 </a> </div> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Resources</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:readme"}" href="#readme-ov-file"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-book mr-2"> <path d="M0 1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 .75 1h4.253c1.227 0 2.317.59 3 1.501A3.743 3.743 0 0 1 11.006 1h4.245a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v10.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4.507a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-1.591.659l-.622.621a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-.622-.621A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.258 13H.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm7.251 10.324.004-5.073-.002-2.253A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 5.003 2.5H1.5v9h3.757a3.75 3.75 0 0 1 1.994.574ZM8.755 4.75l-.004 7.322a3.752 3.752 0 0 1 1.992-.572H14.5v-9h-3.495a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25Z"></path> </svg> Readme </a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">License</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="#Apache-2.0-1-ov-file" class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:license"}" > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-law mr-2"> <path d="M8.75.75V2h.985c.304 0 .603.08.867.231l1.29.736c.038.022.08.033.124.033h2.234a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.427l2.111 4.692a.75.75 0 0 1-.154.838l-.53-.53.529.531-.001.002-.002.002-.006.006-.006.005-.01.01-.045.04c-.21.176-.441.327-.686.45C14.556 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src="/mandiant/capa/hovercards/citation/sidebar_partial?tree_name=master"> </include-fragment> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/activity" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pulse mr-2"> <path d="M6 2c.306 0 .582.187.696.471L10 10.731l1.304-3.26A.751.751 0 0 1 12 7h3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.742l-1.812 4.528a.751.751 0 0 1-1.392 0L6 4.77 4.696 8.03A.75.75 0 0 1 4 8.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.742l1.812-4.529A.751.751 0 0 1 6 2Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Activity</span></a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/custom-properties" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-note mr-2"> <path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM3.5 6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h7a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-7a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm.75 2.25h4a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span></a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>5.2k</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>81</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>601</strong> forks</a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmandiant%2Fcapa&report=mandiant+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Releases <span title="38" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">38</span></a></h2> <a class="Link--primary d-flex no-underline" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/mandiant/capa/releases/tag/v9.1.0"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag flex-shrink-0 mt-1 color-fg-success"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">v9.1.0</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2025-03-04T21:53:17Z" class="no-wrap">Mar 4, 2025</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/mandiant/capa/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 37 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" hidden> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <include-fragment src="/mandiant/capa/used_by_list" accept="text/fragment+html"> </include-fragment> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/mandiant/capa/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Contributors <span title="61" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">61</span></a></h2> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap mb-n2"> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/williballenthin" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/williballenthin/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/156560?s=64&v=4" alt="@williballenthin" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/capa-bot" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/capa-bot/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/68270450?s=64&v=4" alt="@capa-bot" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mr-tz" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mr-tz/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17606537?s=64&v=4" alt="@mr-tz" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/apps/dependabot" class="" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?s=64&v=4" alt="@dependabot[bot]" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/yelhamer" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/yelhamer/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16624109?s=64&v=4" alt="@yelhamer" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mike-hunhoff" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mike-hunhoff/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42192796?s=64&v=4" alt="@mike-hunhoff" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/Ana06" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/Ana06/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16052290?s=64&v=4" alt="@Ana06" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/fariss" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/fariss/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31004043?s=64&v=4" alt="@fariss" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/Aayush-Goel-04" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/Aayush-Goel-04/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/81844215?s=64&v=4" alt="@Aayush-Goel-04" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/colton-gabertan" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/colton-gabertan/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66766340?s=64&v=4" alt="@colton-gabertan" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/xusheng6" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/xusheng6/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/94503187?s=64&v=4" alt="@xusheng6" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/manasghandat" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" 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