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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benzi_de_vizibilitate_a_telescoapelor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benzi_de_vizibilitate_a_telescoapelor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Benzi de vizibilitate a telescoapelor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benzi_de_vizibilitate_a_telescoapelor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipuri_de_telescop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipuri_de_telescop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tipuri de telescop</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipuri_de_telescop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tipuri de telescop subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipuri_de_telescop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lunetă_astronomică_/vs/_telescop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunetă_astronomică_/vs/_telescop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lunetă astronomică /vs/ telescop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunetă_astronomică_/vs/_telescop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avantajele_telescopului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avantajele_telescopului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Avantajele telescopului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avantajele_telescopului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avantajele_lunetei_astronomice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avantajele_lunetei_astronomice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Avantajele lunetei astronomice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avantajele_lunetei_astronomice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telescopul_optic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telescopul_optic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Telescopul optic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telescopul_optic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alte_accesorii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alte_accesorii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Alte accesorii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alte_accesorii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producători_cunoscuți_de_telescoape_pentru_astronomii_amatori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producători_cunoscuți_de_telescoape_pentru_astronomii_amatori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Producători cunoscuți de telescoape pentru astronomii amatori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producători_cunoscuți_de_telescoape_pentru_astronomii_amatori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-În_limba_română" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_română"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>În limba română</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_română-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_limba_cehă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_cehă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>În limba cehă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_cehă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_limba_engleză" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_engleză"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>În limba engleză</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_engleză-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_limba_franceză" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_franceză"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>În limba franceză</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_franceză-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_limba_germană" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_germană"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>În limba germană</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_germană-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_limba_italiană" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_italiană"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>În limba italiană</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_italiană-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-În_limba_rusă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#În_limba_rusă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>În limba rusă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-În_limba_rusă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telescop</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 133 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskoop" title="Teleskoop – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teleskoop" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%88%8C%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%8D%95" title="ቴሌስኮፕ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቴሌስኮፕ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="مقراب – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقراب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8" title="تليسكوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تليسكوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu" title="Telescopiu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telescopiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuawaziaga_(Reflektor)" title="Zuawaziaga (Reflektor) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zuawaziaga (Reflektor)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopyo" title="Teleskopyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Teleskopyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Тэлескоп – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэлескоп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Тэлескоп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэлескоп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A8k%C3%A8r_bintang" title="Kèkèr bintang – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kèkèr bintang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="दूरबीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दूरबीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="দূরবীক্ষণ যন্ত্র – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দূরবীক্ষণ যন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopi" title="Telescopi – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telescopi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C4%95ng-l%C4%AB-gi%C3%A1ng" title="Chiĕng-lī-giáng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chiĕng-lī-giáng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AD%E1%8E%AA%E1%8E%AB%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%A2" title="ᏭᎪᎫᎦᏢ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏭᎪᎫᎦᏢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%BE" title="تەلەسکۆپ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەلەسکۆپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu" title="Telescopiu – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Telescopiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalekohled" title="Dalekohled – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dalekohled" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesgop" title="Telesgop – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Telesgop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikkert" title="Kikkert – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kikkert" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τηλεσκόπιο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλεσκόπιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Telescope" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopo" title="Teleskopo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teleskopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskoop" title="Teleskoop – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teleskoop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopio" title="Teleskopio – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teleskopio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE" title="تلسکوپ – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلسکوپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukoputki" title="Kaukoputki – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaukoputki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9lescope" title="Télescope – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télescope" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskoop" title="Teleskoop – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Teleskoop" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teileasc%C3%B3p" title="Teileascóp – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teileascóp" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9sk%C3%B2p" title="Téléskòp – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Téléskòp" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A3" title="दुर्बीण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="दुर्बीण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ખગોળીય દૂરબીન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખગોળીય દૂરબીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodreayrtan" title="Fodreayrtan – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fodreayrtan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4" title="טלסקופ – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלסקופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="दूरदर्शी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दूरदर्शी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesk%C3%B2p" title="Teleskòp – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Teleskòp" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1vcs%C5%91" title="Távcső – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Távcső" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Աստղադիտակ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղադիտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Седкъатурмал – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Седкъатурмал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopo" title="Teleskopo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teleskopo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B3nauki" title="Sjónauki – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjónauki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telescopio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="望遠鏡 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="望遠鏡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teliskuop" title="Teliskuop – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Teliskuop" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ტელესკოპი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტელესკოპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%95" title="ದೂರದರ್ಶಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೂರದರ್ಶಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="망원경 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망원경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86" title="دُربیٖن – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دُربیٖن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopium" title="Telescopium – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Telescopium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoop" title="Telescoop – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Telescoop" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopi" title="Telescopi – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Telescopi" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopas" title="Teleskopas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teleskopas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskops" title="Teleskops – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teleskops" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ദൂരദർശിനി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദൂരദർശിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A3" title="दुर्बीण – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुर्बीण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsc%C3%B3pio" title="Telscópio – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Telscópio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အဝေးကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဝေးကြည့်မှန်ပြောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucchiarone" title="Ucchiarone – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ucchiarone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="टेलिस्कोप – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टेलिस्कोप" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="लुसाः – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लुसाः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoop_(optica)" title="Telescoop (optica) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telescoop (optica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelesek%C3%B4po" title="Thelesekôpo – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thelesekôpo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B2pi" title="Telescòpi – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Telescòpi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaleessituu(Telescope)" title="Kaleessituu(Telescope) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaleessituu(Telescope)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA" title="ਟੈਲੀਸਕੋਪ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੈਲੀਸਕੋਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B2pi" title="Telescòpi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Telescòpi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE" title="ٹیلیسکوپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیلیسکوپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" title="Telescópio – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telescópio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuqhawana" title="Karuqhawana – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Karuqhawana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopu" title="Telescopu – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Telescopu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopiu" title="Telescopiu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Telescopiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Telescope" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA" title="දුරේක්‍ෂය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දුරේක්‍ෂය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telescope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop_(optika)" title="Teleskop (optika) – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teleskop (optika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daljnogled" title="Daljnogled – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daljnogled" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongorahweva" title="Dongorahweva – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dongorahweva" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopi" title="Teleskopi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teleskopi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darubini" title="Darubini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Darubini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="தொலைநோக்கி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொலைநோக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E2%80%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="దూరదర్శిని – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దూరదర్శిని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="กล้องโทรทรรศน์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้องโทรทรรศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopyo" title="Teleskopyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teleskopyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Телескоп – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Телескоп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دوربین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوربین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Teleskop" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C5%82esc%C3%B2pio" title="Tełescòpio – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tełescòpio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnh_vi%E1%BB%85n_v%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Kính viễn vọng – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kính viễn vọng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskopy%C3%B3" title="Teleskopyó – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Teleskopyó" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="望远镜 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="望远镜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ტელესკოპი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტელესკოპი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4" title="טעלעסקאפ – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעלעסקאפ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADsk%C3%B3p%C3%B9" title="Tẹ́lískópù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tẹ́lískópù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="望远镜 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="望远镜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%BA%E9%8F%A1" title="窺鏡 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="窺鏡" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:EightInchTelescope.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/EightInchTelescope.JPG/250px-EightInchTelescope.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/EightInchTelescope.JPG/330px-EightInchTelescope.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/EightInchTelescope.JPG/400px-EightInchTelescope.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Telescop cu refracție.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Telescopul</b> (din <a href="/wiki/Greac%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Greacă">greacă</a>: <i>tele</i> = departe, <i>skopein</i> = a cerceta, a examina) este un instrument care colectează lumina de la un obiect îndepărtat, se concentrează într-un punct (numit focar), și produce o imagine mărită. Deși se indică cu termenul „telescop”, de obicei, telescopul optic, care operează în frecvențele luminii vizibile, există, de asemenea, telescoape sensibile la alte frecvențe ale spectrului electromagnetic. </p><p>După principiul de funcționare există două tipuri principale de telescoape optice: reflector și refractor. În telescopul reflector imaginea observată este reflectată de o oglindă intr-un sistem de prisme si apoi la o lentilă ocular, așezată de obicei pe partea laterală a instrumentului. În <a href="/wiki/Telescop_refractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Telescop refractor">telescopul refractor</a> se folosește refracția în lentile.<br /> Întrucât luneta astronomică se bazează pe <a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bie" title="Refracție">refracția în lentile a luminii</a> este cunoscută și sub numele de <i>telescop refractor</i> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">refracting telescope</span>), sau pur și simplu: <i>refractor</i>, în opoziție cu telescoapele bazate pe <a href="/wiki/Reflexia_luminii" title="Reflexia luminii">reflexia luminii</a> (realizată cu obiective construite din <a href="/wiki/Oglind%C4%83" title="Oglindă">oglinzi</a> <a href="/wiki/Parabol%C4%83" title="Parabolă">parabolice</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Sfer%C4%83" title="Sferă">sferice</a>), cunoscute și sub numele de <i>telescoape reflectoare</i> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">reflecting telescope</span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Lunet%C4%83_astronomic%C4%83" title="Lunetă astronomică">Lunetă astronomică</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16785627">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex;gap:0.5ch}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex;gap:0.5ch}}</style> <p>Nașterea <a href="/wiki/Lunet%C4%83_astronomic%C4%83#Istoric" title="Lunetă astronomică">telescopului refractor</a> este de obicei atribuitǎ lui <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, care a arătat prima aplicație în <a href="/wiki/Vene%C8%9Bia" title="Veneția">Veneția</a> în <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>. De fapt, primele lentile au fost construite în 1607 de către artizani olandezi care le-au aplicat instrumentelor rudimentare cu putere de rezoluție foarte mică. Proprietățile lentilelor, oricum, erau cunoscute de ceva timp și trebuie să-i fie atribuit lui Galileo meritul de îmbunătățire și prima utilizare astronomică. Deși se pare că primul telescop refractor a fost construit în 1608 de către olandezul <a href="/wiki/Hans_Lippershey" title="Hans Lippershey">Hans Lippershey</a> (circa 1570-1619), alte surse îi atribuie inventarea primului telescop lui <a href="/wiki/Joan_Roget" title="Joan Roget">Joan Roget</a>, fabricant de ochelari din <a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, care a trăit în jurul anului 1600. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benzi_de_vizibilitate_a_telescoapelor">Benzi de vizibilitate a telescoapelor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Benzi de vizibilitate a telescoapelor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Benzi de vizibilitate a telescoapelor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atmosfera Pământului absoarbe majoritatea radiației electromagnetice din spațiu, cu excepția luminii vizibile și <a href="/wiki/Unde_radio" title="Unde radio">undelor radio</a>. Din acest motiv, observația de la sol este limitată la utilizarea de telescoape optice și de telescoape radio. Primele sunt plasate de preferință în locuri înalte sau izolate (munți, deșerturi, ...) cu scopul de a reduce influența turbulențelor atmosferice și a poluării luminoase. </p><p>Pentru observarea în benzile rămase ale <a href="/wiki/Spectru_electromagnetic" title="Spectru electromagnetic">spectrului electromagnetic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Microunde">microunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infraro%C8%99u" title="Infraroșu">infraroșu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raze_ultraviolete" title="Raze ultraviolete">ultraviolete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_X" title="Radiație X">raze X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiație gamma">raze gamma</a>), care sunt absorbite de atmosferǎ, sunt folosite aproape exclusiv telescoape orbitale ori situate în baloane aerostatice la altitudine mare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipuri_de_telescop">Tipuri de telescop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tipuri de telescop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tipuri de telescop"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Telescope.jpg/180px-Telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Telescope.jpg/270px-Telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Telescope.jpg/360px-Telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption>Telescop optic (cu refracție) de 50 cm la <a href="/wiki/Observator_astronomic" title="Observator astronomic">Observatorul astronomic</a> din <a href="/wiki/Nisa" title="Nisa">Nisa</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop_R%C3%B6ntgen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telescop Röntgen — pagină inexistentă">Telescop Röntgen</a></li> <li>Telescop optic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telescop_newtonian" title="Telescop newtonian">Telescop newtonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telescop_Dobson" title="Telescop Dobson">Telescop Dobson</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescop_cu_raze_infraro%C8%99ii" title="Telescop cu raze infraroșii">Telescop cu raze infraroșii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelescop" title="Radiotelescop">Radiotelescop</a></li> <li>Telescop cu <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrino">neutrini</a> - un aparat special</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunetă_astronomică_/vs/_telescop"><span id="Lunet.C4.83_astronomic.C4.83_.2Fvs.2F_telescop"></span>Lunetă astronomică /vs/ telescop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lunetă astronomică /vs/ telescop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lunetă astronomică /vs/ telescop"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diferențe între un <i>telescop</i> și o <a href="/wiki/Lunet%C4%83_astronomic%C4%83" title="Lunetă astronomică">lunetă astronomică</a>: </p> <ul><li><i>luneta astronomică</i> (cunoscută uneori și sub denumirea de <i>telescop refractor</i> sau <i>telescop cu refracție</i>) are un obiectiv compus dintr-un ansamblu de lentile montate într-un tub;</li> <li><i>telescopul</i> (cunoscut uneori și sub denumirea de <i>telescop reflector</i>) are un obiectiv construit dintr-o oglindă parabolică sau sferică, drept component esențial.</li></ul> <p>Trebuie semnalat riscul de confuzie în folosirea și traducerea cuvântului <i>telescop</i>, îndeosebi în cursul consultării documentațiilor redactate în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">limba engleză</a>. Într-adevăr, cuvântul din <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic"><b>telescope</b></span> este folosit atât pentru a denumi „luneta astronomică” (se vorbește atunci despre <i>refracting telescope</i>) cât și pentru telescopul propriu-zis (se vorbește despre <i>reflecting telescope</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avantajele_telescopului">Avantajele telescopului</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Avantajele telescopului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Avantajele telescopului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avantajele telescopului, comparativ cu <i>luneta astronomică</i>, sunt: </p> <ul><li>posibilitatea construirii <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obiectiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obiectiv — pagină inexistentă">obiectivelor</a> de diametre mari;</li> <li>lipsa <a href="/wiki/Abera%C8%9Bie_cromatic%C4%83" title="Aberație cromatică">aberațiilor cromatice</a>;</li> <li>efecte de <a href="/wiki/Difrac%C8%9Bie" title="Difracție">difracție</a> mai mici;</li> <li>putere separatoare și grosisment superior;</li> <li>la același diametru al obiectivelor, telescopul este mai ușor și mai ieftin.<sup id="cite_ref-AVU_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AVU-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avantajele_lunetei_astronomice">Avantajele lunetei astronomice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Avantajele lunetei astronomice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Avantajele lunetei astronomice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparativ cu <i>telescopul</i>, luneta astronomică are ca avantaje: </p> <ul><li>imagini mai clare;</li> <li>constratul imaginii este mai bun, chiar la puteri de mărire mai mari;</li> <li>tubul optic al lunetetei astronomice este mai ușor de întreținut, întrucât este etanș;</li> <li>telescoapele au nevoie de unele reglaje în plus.<sup id="cite_ref-AVU_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AVU-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telescopul_optic">Telescopul optic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Telescopul optic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Telescopul optic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Telescopes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Telescopes.jpg/500px-Telescopes.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Telescopes.jpg/960px-Telescopes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption>Telescoape</figcaption></figure> <p>Telescopul optic formează imagini ale cerului relativ apropiate și mărește luminozitatea aparentă a <a href="/wiki/Astru" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Astru">aștrilor</a>, permițând distingerea detaliilor și observarea a mult mai multor <a href="/wiki/Stea" title="Stea">stele</a> doar cu ochiul liber. Telescoapele optice sunt împǎrțite în douǎ categorii principale: telescoape reflectoare și telescoape refractoare. </p><p>Obiectivul telescopului reflector este constituit dintr-o <a href="/wiki/Oglind%C4%83" title="Oglindă">oglindă</a> (sau un sistem de oglinzi) de <a href="/wiki/Sticl%C4%83" title="Sticlă">sticlă</a> metalizată de formă <a href="/wiki/Parabol%C4%83" title="Parabolă">paraboloidală</a>, care poate atinge chiar și 11 m în diametru. Cu ajutorul unei oglinzi plane sau curbe, imaginea dată de obiectiv este îndreptată spre un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocular — pagină inexistentă">ocular</a>. </p><p>Telescoapele de <a href="/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bie" title="Refracție">refracție</a> au 2 lentile: una mare, plasată în partea frontală și numită „obiectiv”, care colectează lumina, și una mică în partea posterioară, „ocularul”, care focalizează razele luminoase în ochiul observatorului. Acest telescop a fost utilizat de <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> în anul 1609 pentru a privi <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Luna</a>, pe care a văzut-o de 30 de ori mai aproape decât cu ochiul liber. </p><p>Obiectivele cu deschideri mari de doi metri sunt domeniu evident al <i>telescoapelor reflectoare</i>. Dupǎ o anumită dimensiune lentilele devin atât de scumpe și grele încât a fost, din punctul de vedere tehnic și economic, impracticabil de a le folosi. </p><p>Comparativ cu <a href="/wiki/Lunet%C4%83_astronomic%C4%83" title="Lunetă astronomică">luneta astronomică</a>, avantajele telescopului sunt: </p> <ul><li>posibilitatea construirii <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obiectiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obiectiv — pagină inexistentă">obiectivelor</a> de diametre mari;</li> <li>la același diametru al obiectivului, lunetele astronomice sunt mai grele și mult mai scumpe decât telescoapele;</li> <li>lipsa <a href="/wiki/Abera%C8%9Bie_cromatic%C4%83" title="Aberație cromatică">aberațiilor cromatice</a>;</li> <li>efecte de <a href="/wiki/Difrac%C8%9Bie" title="Difracție">difracție</a> mai mici;</li> <li>putere separatoare și <a href="/wiki/Grosisment_(optic%C4%83)" title="Grosisment (optică)">grosisment</a> superior.</li></ul> <p>Telescopul optic poate fi utilizat atât pentru observarea directă, cât și pentru cercetări <a href="/wiki/Fotografie" title="Fotografie">fotografice</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopie" title="Spectroscopie">spectroscopice</a> . </p><p>La perfecționarea telescopului au contribuit, printre alții, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, Laurent Cassegrain, James Gilbert Baker, <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">W. Herschel</a>, J. Herschel, Foucault, Bernhard Schmidt, George Willis Ritchey, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Henri Chrétien">Henri Chrétien</a>, Dmitry Dmitrievich Maksutov / Dmitri Dmitrievici Maksutov. </p><p>Telescopul optic cu cel mai mare obiectiv din lume, 10,4 metri, (august 2009) este <a href="/wiki/Grantecan" class="mw-redirect" title="Grantecan">Grantecan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alte_accesorii">Alte accesorii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alte accesorii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Alte accesorii"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Telescopul poate fi dotat și cu alte accesorii, în funcție de obiectul ceresc care se dorește să fie observat: filtru solar, filtru lunar, alte filtre colorate. </p><p><big><font color="red"><b>Atenție!</b></font></big> <b>Să nu se privească niciodată <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soarele</a> direct prin telescop / luneta astronomică! Este necesară așezarea unui filtru solar adecvat, în fața obiectivului! În caz contrar, pierderea vederii este iremediabilă! În locul folosirii filtrelor așezate în fața obiectivului, o altă variantă sigură este proiectarea imaginii solare pe un <a href="/wiki/Ecran_cinematografic" title="Ecran cinematografic">ecran</a>, sau, mai simplu, pe o bucată albă de <a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">carton</a>.</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producători_cunoscuți_de_telescoape_pentru_astronomii_amatori"><span id="Produc.C4.83tori_cunoscu.C8.9Bi_de_telescoape_pentru_astronomii_amatori"></span>Producători cunoscuți de telescoape pentru astronomii amatori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Producători cunoscuți de telescoape pentru astronomii amatori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Producători cunoscuți de telescoape pentru astronomii amatori"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bresser, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a></li> <li>Celestron, <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a></li> <li>Omegon, Germania</li> <li>Orion, SUA</li> <li>Meade, SUA</li> <li>НПЗ / NPZ, <a href="/wiki/Federa%C8%9Bia_Rus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Federația Rusă">Federația Rusă</a></li> <li>Sky-Watcher, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AVU-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AVU_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AVU_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Observatorul Astronomic „Amiral Vasile Urseanu” al Municipiului București, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro-urseanu.ro/instrumente-astronomice.html"><i>Cum să alegi un instrument astronomic</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929114010/http://www.astro-urseanu.ro/instrumente-astronomice.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-09-29">29 septembrie 2013</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_română"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_rom.C3.A2n.C4.83"></span>În limba română</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba română" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: În limba română"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Dicționar enciclopedic român</i>, Editura Politică, București, 1966.</li> <li><i>Atlas stelar StarGuide</i>, Telescop Expert (www.telescop-expert.ro)</li> <li>Marcel Marian Jinca, <i>Astronomie practică și teoretică. De la amator la expert</i>, Bumbești Jiu 2013; 186 de pagini+10 planșe+CD <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789730118759" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-973-0-11875-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_cehă"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_ceh.C4.83"></span>În limba cehă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba cehă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: În limba cehă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>S. N. Blažko, <i>Praktická astronomie</i>. Praha: SNTL 1956</li> <li>V. Erhart, <i>Praktická astronomická optika</i>. Praha: SNTL 1955</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_engleză"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_englez.C4.83"></span>În limba engleză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba engleză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: În limba engleză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jingquan Cheng: <i>The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design.</i> Springer, Berlin 2009 <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780387887906" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-387-88790-6</a></li> <li>Patrick McCray: <i>Giant telescopes – astronomical ambition and the promise of technology.</i> Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge 2004, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0674011473" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-674-01147-3</a></li> <li>Joanna Mikolajewska, (et al.): <i>Stellar Astrophysics with the World's Largest Telescopes.</i> American Inst. of Physics, Melville 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/073540237X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7354-0237-X</a></li> <li>M. Barlow Pepin: <i>Care of astronomical telescopes and accessories – a manual for the astronomical observer and amateur telescope maker.</i> Springer, London 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/185233715X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85233-715-X</a></li> <li>Michael Gainer: <i>Real astronomy with small telescopes – step-by-step activities for discovery.</i> Springer, London 2007, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781846284786" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84628-478-6</a></li> <li>Peter L.Manly: <i>Unusual telescopes.</i> Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1991, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0521382009" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-38200-9</a></li> <li>Thomas H Court, Moritz von Rohr: <i>A history of the development of the telescope from about 1675 to 1830 based on documents in the court collection</i>, 1929 Trans. Opt. Soc. 30 207</li> <li><i>Contemporary Astronomy – Second Edition</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jay_Pasachoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jay Pasachoff — pagină inexistentă">Jay M. Pasachoff</a>, Saunders Colleges Publishing – 1981, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0030578612" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-03-057861-2</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFElliott1966" class="citation">Elliott, Robert S. (<time datetime="1966">1966</time>), <i>Electromagnetics</i>, <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electromagnetics&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ATelescop" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWadeFinger2001" class="citation">Wade, Nicholas Jakcermun; Finger, Stanley (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>), „The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective”, <i>Perception</i>, <b>30</b> (10): 1157–1177, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fp3210">10.1068/p3210</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721819">11721819</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perception&rft.atitle=The+eye+as+an+optical+instrument%3A+from+camera+obscura+to+Helmholtz%27s+perspective&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1157-1177&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1068%2Fp3210&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11721819&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Jakcermun&rft.au=Finger%2C+Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ATelescop" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_franceză"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_francez.C4.83"></span>În limba franceză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba franceză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: În limba franceză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean Texereau, <i>La construction du télescope d'amateur</i>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_astronomique_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Société astronomique de France">Société astronomique de France</a>, 1961 - (édition de 2004 et réédité par Vuibert <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/2711753433" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2711753433</a>; <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782711753437" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2711753437</a>);</li> <li>André Danjon et André Couder, <i>Lunettes et télescopes. Théorie - Conditions d'emploi - Description - Réglage</i>, Librairie Scientifique et technique, Albert Blanchard, Paris, 1935. Réédition 1999 <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/2853670279" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-85367-027-9</a>.</li> <li>Charles Rydel (sous la direction de), <i>Conception et construction du télescope et astrographe amateur</i>, de Boeck éditeur 2012, 512 pagini <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782804168995" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9782804168995</a></li> <li>Jean-Marc Lecleire, <i>Réalisez votre télescope</i>, 1997, 278 de pagini <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782951175006" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2951175006</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_germană"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_german.C4.83"></span>În limba germană</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba germană" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: În limba germană"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Schilling, Govert / Christensen, Lars Lindberg: <i>Unser Fenster zum Weltraum – 400 Jahre Entdeckungen mit Teleskopen.</i> Wiley-VCH, Berlin 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783527408672" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-527-40867-2</a></li> <li>Ulf Borgeest: <i>Europas neue Teleskope.</i> Verl. Sterne und Weltraum, Heidelberg 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3936278474" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-936278-47-4</a></li> <li>Claus Grupen: <i>Astroteilchenphysik: Das Universum im Licht der kosmischen Strahlung.</i> Vieweg, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3528031581" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-528-03158-1</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?id=gCzdTrK3cPIC&pg=PA83&dq=neutrinoteleskop&hl=de&ei=eQihS6y3BImUnwPKhL3wDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false">online</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_italiană"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_italian.C4.83"></span>În limba italiană</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba italiană" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: În limba italiană"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Conrad Bohm. <i>Dall'astrolabio al telescopio spaziale</i>. Trieste, Editoriale scienza, 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/8873070795" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-7307-079-5</a>.</li> <li>Emilio Borchi e Renzo Macii. <i>Sul telescopio a riflessione</i>. Firenze, Osservatorio Ximeniano, 1992.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Ferreri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Ferreri — pagină inexistentă">Walter Ferreri</a>. <i>Il libro dei telescopi</i>. Milano, Il Castello. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9788880390930" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-8039-093-0</a>.</li> <li>Walter Ferreri. <i>Come osservare il cielo col mio primo telescopio</i> Milano, Il Castello. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9788880396505" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-8039-650-5</a>.</li> <li>Luca Parravicini. <i>Osservare il cielo con il telescopio astronomico</i>. Milano, G. De Vecchi, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/8841274832" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-412-7483-2</a>.</li> <li>Giorgio Strano (a cura di). <i>Il telescopio di Galileo: lo strumento che ha cambiato il mondo</i>. Catalogo della Mostra di Firenze 2008. Firenze, Giunti, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9788809059375" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-09-05937-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="În_limba_rusă"><span id=".C3.8En_limba_rus.C4.83"></span>În limba rusă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: În limba rusă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: În limba rusă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naturalhistory.narod.ru/Person/Modern/Chikin/Ref_ogl.htm"><i>Чикин А. А.</i> «Отражательные телескопы»</a>, Петроград, 1915.</li> <li><i>Дагаев М. М., Чаругин В. М.</i> «АСТРОФИЗИКА: книга для чтения по астрономии», издательство «Просвещение», 1988.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Telescope" class="extiw" title="commons:Telescope">Telescop</a></b></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AtmWiki:Teleskoptypen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AtmWiki:Teleskoptypen — pagină inexistentă">Tipuri de telescop</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomia.go.ro/optica.html">Clasificarea telescoapelor astronomice</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207053802/http://www.astronomia.go.ro/optica.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-02-07">7 februarie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., astronomia.go.ro</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/6622/8/">Cine a inventat telescopul?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607010334/http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/6622/8/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-06-07">7 iunie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 12 noiembrie 2008, <i>Revista Magazin</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telescopes.stardate.org/"><i>Galileo to Gamma Cephei – The History of the Telescope</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508014125/http://telescopes.stardate.org/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-05-08">8 mai 2013</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/instruments/telescope.html"><i>The Galileo Project – The Telescope</i> by Al Van Helden <i></i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/tools/tools-first-telescopes.htm">"The First Telescopes". Part of an exhibit from Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409125917/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/tools/tools-first-telescopes.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-04-09">9 aprilie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by the American Institute of Physics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeline-help.com/telescope-timeline.html">Timeline of telescopic technology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/nonoptical/nonoptical.html">Outside the Optical: Other Kinds of Telescopes</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Gray, Meghan (<time datetime="2009">2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/telescope.htm">„Telescope Diameter”</a>. <i>Sixty Symbols</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brady_Haran" title="Brady Haran">Brady Haran</a> for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nottingham">University of Nottingham</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sixty+Symbols&rft.atitle=Telescope+Diameter&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Meghan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixtysymbols.com%2Fvideos%2Ftelescope.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ATelescop" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescop&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie">Astronomie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomie_de_amatori" title="Astronomie de amatori">Astronomie de amatori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentilă">Lentilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunet%C4%83" title="Lunetă">Lunetă</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunet%C4%83_astronomic%C4%83" title="Lunetă astronomică">Lunetă astronomică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelescop" title="Radiotelescop">Radiotelescop</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telescop&oldid=16752834">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telescop&oldid=16752834</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Telescoape" title="Categorie:Telescoape">Telescoape</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_ce_folosesc_leg%C4%83turi_automate_c%C4%83tre_ISBN" title="Categorie:Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN">Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 13 ianuarie 2025, ora 19:04.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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