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class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Shivappa Gudennavar" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10568050/7421083/8341216/s200_shivappa.b..gudennavar.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Shivappa Gudennavar</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://christuniversity.academia.edu/">Christ University, Bangalore, India</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://christuniversity.academia.edu/Departments/Physics_and_Electronics/Documents">Physics and Electronics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden 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class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Shivappa Gudennavar</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104059985"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059985/Preparation_and_characterization_of_tungsten_carbide_epoxy_composites_for_%CE%B3_ray_shielding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Preparation and characterization of tungsten carbide/epoxy composites for γ-ray shielding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link 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"profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104059984"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059984/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059984/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding">Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>IGI Global eBooks</span><span>, Apr 7, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. Composites, obtained by doping different nanoparticles into structural matrices (concrete, glass, or polymers), not only possess striking thermo-mechanical properties but also are effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead shields. This review is an attempt to throw light on various aspects of nanoparticles and their influence on shielding effectiveness. The authors also summarize the experimental findings so as to highlight the potential underlying the radiation-matter interaction mechanism in nanostructured systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104059984"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104059984"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059984; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104059984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104059984]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059984; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104059984']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104059984, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104059984]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104059984,"title":"Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. 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In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. Composites, obtained by doping different nanoparticles into structural matrices (concrete, glass, or polymers), not only possess striking thermo-mechanical properties but also are effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead shields. This review is an attempt to throw light on various aspects of nanoparticles and their influence on shielding effectiveness. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035973"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035973/Spectro_temporal_and_type_I_X_ray_burst_analysis_of_GX_3_1_using_AstroSat_observations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectro-temporal and type I X-ray burst analysis of GX 3+1 using AstroSat observations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035973/Spectro_temporal_and_type_I_X_ray_burst_analysis_of_GX_3_1_using_AstroSat_observations">Spectro-temporal and type I X-ray burst analysis of GX 3+1 using AstroSat observations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft X-ray Telescope and The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter on-board AstroSat between 2017 October 5 and 2018 August 9. The hardness-intensity-diagram of the source showed it to be in the soft spectral state during all the four observations. The spectra of the source could be adequately fit with a model consisting of blackbody ($\tt {bbody}$) and power--law ($\tt {powerlaw}$) components. This yielded the blackbody radius and mass accretion rate to be ∼8 km and ∼2 × 10−9 M⊙ y−1, respectively. In one of the observations, a type I X-ray burst having a rise and e-folding time of 0.6 and 5.6 s, respectively, was detected. Time-resolved spectral analysis of the burst showed that the source underwent a photospheric radius expansion. The radius of the emitting blackbody in GX 3+1 and its distance were estimated to be 9.19 $\substack{+0.97\\ -0.82}$ km and 10.17 $\substack{+0.07\\ -0.18}$ kpc,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035973"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035973"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035973; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035973]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035973]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035973; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101035973']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101035973, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101035973]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101035973,"title":"Spectro-temporal and type I X-ray burst analysis of GX 3+1 using AstroSat observations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft X-ray Telescope and The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter on-board AstroSat between 2017 October 5 and 2018 August 9. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035972"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035972/Lead_free_inorganic_metal_perovskites_beyond_photovoltaics_Photon_charged_particles_and_neutron_shielding_applications"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lead-free inorganic metal perovskites beyond photovoltaics: Photon, charged particles and neutron shielding applications" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035972/Lead_free_inorganic_metal_perovskites_beyond_photovoltaics_Photon_charged_particles_and_neutron_shielding_applications">Lead-free inorganic metal perovskites beyond photovoltaics: Photon, charged particles and neutron shielding applications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nuclear Engineering and Technology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035972"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035972"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035972; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035966"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035966/Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_%CE%B3_ray_Shielding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multi-layered Epoxy Composites of Micro and Nano Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 for γ-ray Shielding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035966/Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_%CE%B3_ray_Shielding">Multi-layered Epoxy Composites of Micro and Nano Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 for γ-ray Shielding</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively shield personnel and equipment against high energy γ-rays. Multi-layered shield, consisting of several layers of different materials, not only contributes to weight and cost reduction but also offers solution to inconsistent shielding performance. Compared to single layer of one type of shielding material, the probability of radiation absorption and scattering is higher in multi-layered configuration, thus enhancing shielding efficiency. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and properties (dispersion of fillers, density of composites, etc.) of multi-layered materials on shielding performance. In view of this, several combinations of epoxy multi-layered composites containing micro and nano particles of both bismuth (III) oxide and tantalum (V) oxide were prepared to study the attenuation of γ-rays from 137Cs (662 keV) radioactive source. Attenuation experiments showed that the layered epoxy composites loaded with 30 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles alone showed around 30% γ-ray attenuation. 19-mm-thick multi-layered shield composed of two layers of n–Ta2O5/epoxy at the outer side, and two layers of n-Bi2O3/epoxy layer at the inner side were found to be as effective with almost same shielding efficiency. At around similar thickness, the epoxy composite containing n-Bi2O3/m-Bi2O3/n-Ta2O5/m-Ta2O5 layer-by-layer showed 28% attenuation, demonstrating the synergistic effect of combining micro and nano sized particles. Enhancement in attenuation on use of multi-layered structures could be attributed to the fact that epoxy composites containing different fillers of varying size will probably attenuate radiations more efficiently than those with one type of filler of a particular size. This work demonstrates that the multi-layered high-Z metal oxide-polymer composites may be as reliable as conventional lead-based materials in attenuating γ-rays.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035966"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035966"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035966; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035966]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035966]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035966; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101035966']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101035966, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101035966]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101035966,"title":"Multi-layered Epoxy Composites of Micro and Nano Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 for γ-ray Shielding","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively shield personnel and equipment against high energy γ-rays. Multi-layered shield, consisting of several layers of different materials, not only contributes to weight and cost reduction but also offers solution to inconsistent shielding performance. Compared to single layer of one type of shielding material, the probability of radiation absorption and scattering is higher in multi-layered configuration, thus enhancing shielding efficiency. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and properties (dispersion of fillers, density of composites, etc.) of multi-layered materials on shielding performance. In view of this, several combinations of epoxy multi-layered composites containing micro and nano particles of both bismuth (III) oxide and tantalum (V) oxide were prepared to study the attenuation of γ-rays from 137Cs (662 keV) radioactive source. Attenuation experiments showed that the layered epoxy composites loaded with 30 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles alone showed around 30% γ-ray attenuation. 19-mm-thick multi-layered shield composed of two layers of n–Ta2O5/epoxy at the outer side, and two layers of n-Bi2O3/epoxy layer at the inner side were found to be as effective with almost same shielding efficiency. At around similar thickness, the epoxy composite containing n-Bi2O3/m-Bi2O3/n-Ta2O5/m-Ta2O5 layer-by-layer showed 28% attenuation, demonstrating the synergistic effect of combining micro and nano sized particles. Enhancement in attenuation on use of multi-layered structures could be attributed to the fact that epoxy composites containing different fillers of varying size will probably attenuate radiations more efficiently than those with one type of filler of a particular size. This work demonstrates that the multi-layered high-Z metal oxide-polymer composites may be as reliable as conventional lead-based materials in attenuating γ-rays.","publisher":"Springer Singapore","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology"},"translated_abstract":"In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively shield personnel and equipment against high energy γ-rays. Multi-layered shield, consisting of several layers of different materials, not only contributes to weight and cost reduction but also offers solution to inconsistent shielding performance. Compared to single layer of one type of shielding material, the probability of radiation absorption and scattering is higher in multi-layered configuration, thus enhancing shielding efficiency. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and properties (dispersion of fillers, density of composites, etc.) of multi-layered materials on shielding performance. In view of this, several combinations of epoxy multi-layered composites containing micro and nano particles of both bismuth (III) oxide and tantalum (V) oxide were prepared to study the attenuation of γ-rays from 137Cs (662 keV) radioactive source. Attenuation experiments showed that the layered epoxy composites loaded with 30 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles alone showed around 30% γ-ray attenuation. 19-mm-thick multi-layered shield composed of two layers of n–Ta2O5/epoxy at the outer side, and two layers of n-Bi2O3/epoxy layer at the inner side were found to be as effective with almost same shielding efficiency. At around similar thickness, the epoxy composite containing n-Bi2O3/m-Bi2O3/n-Ta2O5/m-Ta2O5 layer-by-layer showed 28% attenuation, demonstrating the synergistic effect of combining micro and nano sized particles. Enhancement in attenuation on use of multi-layered structures could be attributed to the fact that epoxy composites containing different fillers of varying size will probably attenuate radiations more efficiently than those with one type of filler of a particular size. This work demonstrates that the multi-layered high-Z metal oxide-polymer composites may be as reliable as conventional lead-based materials in attenuating γ-rays.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101035966/Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_%CE%B3_ray_Shielding","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-04-30T23:16:46.613-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10568050,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_γ_ray_Shielding","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10568050,"first_name":"Shivappa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gudennavar","page_name":"ShivappaGudennavar","domain_name":"christuniversity","created_at":"2014-03-27T14:02:41.346-07:00","display_name":"Shivappa Gudennavar","url":"https://christuniversity.academia.edu/ShivappaGudennavar"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":49651,"name":"Nano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nano"},{"id":78723,"name":"Electromagnetic Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromagnetic_Shielding"},{"id":159672,"name":"Epoxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epoxy"},{"id":169323,"name":"Composite Material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Material"},{"id":3647879,"name":"Springer Ebooks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Springer_Ebooks"}],"urls":[{"id":31060096,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-16-4321-7_38"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="97091752"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/97091752/Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical_properties_of_substituted_imidazonaphthyridine_derivatives"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of solvents on the photophysical properties of substituted imidazonaphthyridine derivatives" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98809766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97091752/Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical_properties_of_substituted_imidazonaphthyridine_derivatives">Effect of solvents on the photophysical properties of substituted imidazonaphthyridine derivatives</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b6e818f2d1e177b9024a62058153843c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98809766,"asset_id":97091752,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98809766/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97091752"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97091752"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97091752; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97091752]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97091752]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97091752; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='97091752']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97091752, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b6e818f2d1e177b9024a62058153843c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=97091752]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":97091752,"title":"Effect of solvents on the photophysical properties of substituted imidazonaphthyridine derivatives","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"The effect of solvents of varying polarity on the absorption and fluorescence emission of the Schiff base, 2-{[3-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) phenyl]carbonoimidoyl}phenol, was studied using Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter and Kamlet's multiple linear regression approach. The spectral properties follow Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter better than Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity parameter, indicating the presence of both general solute-solvent interactions and specific interactions. Catalan's multiple linear regression approach indicates the major role of solvent polarizability/dipolarity influence compared with solvent acidity or basicity. The solvatochromic effect was utilized to calculate the dipole moments of ground and excited states of the Schiff base using different methods. Bathochromic shift in the emission spectrum and the increase in dipole moment in the excited state signifies the intramolecular charge transfer character in the emitting singlet state. Fluorescence quenching by aniline was also studied in 1,4-dioxane and n-butanol, and the results were analyzed using sphere of action static quenching and finite sink approximation models.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular 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Yield","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Yield"},{"id":1186482,"name":"Solvent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvent"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents"},{"id":3430039,"name":"Rate Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rate_Constant"},{"id":3835050,"name":"Exponential Decay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exponential_Decay"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93291256"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93291256/Spectral_characteristics_of_the_black_hole_binary_4U_1957_115_a_multi_mission_perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96069037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93291256/Spectral_characteristics_of_the_black_hole_binary_4U_1957_115_a_multi_mission_perspective">Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR observations carried out between 2016 and 2019. Modelling with a disc emission, thermal Comptonization, and blurred reflection components revealed that the source was in the high-soft state with the disc flux ∼87 per cent of the total and high-energy photon index ∼2.6. There is an evidence that either the inner disc radius varied by ∼25 per cent or the colour hardening factor changed by ∼12 per cent. The values of the inner disc radius imply that for a non-spinning black hole, the black hole mass is &lt; 7 M ⊙ and the source is located &gt; 30 kpc away. On the other hand, a rapidly spinning black hole would be consistent with the more plausible black hole mass of &lt; 10 M ⊙ and a source distance of ∼10 kpc. Fixing the distance to 10 kpc and using a relativistic accretion disc model, constrained the black hole mass to 6 M⊙ and inclination angle to 72°. A positive ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="688c26da6496ec7f367d623e6e13f091" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":96069037,"asset_id":93291256,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96069037/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="93291256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="93291256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93291256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93291256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93291256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93291256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='93291256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 93291256, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "688c26da6496ec7f367d623e6e13f091" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=93291256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":93291256,"title":"Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR observations carried out between 2016 and 2019. Modelling with a disc emission, thermal Comptonization, and blurred reflection components revealed that the source was in the high-soft state with the disc flux ∼87 per cent of the total and high-energy photon index ∼2.6. There is an evidence that either the inner disc radius varied by ∼25 per cent or the colour hardening factor changed by ∼12 per cent. The values of the inner disc radius imply that for a non-spinning black hole, the black hole mass is \u0026lt; 7 M ⊙ and the source is located \u0026gt; 30 kpc away. On the other hand, a rapidly spinning black hole would be consistent with the more plausible black hole mass of \u0026lt; 10 M ⊙ and a source distance of ∼10 kpc. Fixing the distance to 10 kpc and using a relativistic accretion disc model, constrained the black hole mass to 6 M⊙ and inclination angle to 72°. 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What Einstein subsequently dubbed as the ‘biggest blunder’ of his life (after Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe) has come back in vogue in cosmology. Here we look at the evolution of the concept of the cosmological constant from its inception to it possibly making up close to about 70% of the energy density of the universe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="459ad71f00222b368a6fb850429a03b0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92676088,"asset_id":88761133,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92676088/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88761133"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88761133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88761133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88761133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88761133]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88761133; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88761133']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88761133, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "459ad71f00222b368a6fb850429a03b0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88761133]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88761133,"title":"Hundred Years of Einstein's Cosmological Constant","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It was little over a hundred years ago that Einstein introduced the ‘cosmological constant’ in his General Theory of Relativity in order to obtain a static universe, to conform to the philosophical view of the universe at that time. What Einstein subsequently dubbed as the ‘biggest blunder’ of his life (after Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe) has come back in vogue in cosmology. Here we look at the evolution of the concept of the cosmological constant from its inception to it possibly making up close to about 70% of the energy density of the universe.","publisher":"Theoretical Physics","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Theoretical Physics"},"translated_abstract":"It was little over a hundred years ago that Einstein introduced the ‘cosmological constant’ in his General Theory of Relativity in order to obtain a static universe, to conform to the philosophical view of the universe at that time. What Einstein subsequently dubbed as the ‘biggest blunder’ of his life (after Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe) has come back in vogue in cosmology. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104059984"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059984/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059984/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding">Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>IGI Global eBooks</span><span>, Apr 7, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. Composites, obtained by doping different nanoparticles into structural matrices (concrete, glass, or polymers), not only possess striking thermo-mechanical properties but also are effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead shields. This review is an attempt to throw light on various aspects of nanoparticles and their influence on shielding effectiveness. The authors also summarize the experimental findings so as to highlight the potential underlying the radiation-matter interaction mechanism in nanostructured systems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104059984"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104059984"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059984; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104059984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104059984]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059984; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104059984']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104059984, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104059984]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104059984,"title":"Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. Composites, obtained by doping different nanoparticles into structural matrices (concrete, glass, or polymers), not only possess striking thermo-mechanical properties but also are effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead shields. This review is an attempt to throw light on various aspects of nanoparticles and their influence on shielding effectiveness. The authors also summarize the experimental findings so as to highlight the potential underlying the radiation-matter interaction mechanism in nanostructured systems.","publisher":"IGI Global","publication_date":{"day":7,"month":4,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"IGI Global eBooks"},"translated_abstract":"In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. 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The authors also summarize the experimental findings so as to highlight the potential underlying the radiation-matter interaction mechanism in nanostructured systems.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104059984/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-06-29T20:42:54.672-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10568050,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10568050,"first_name":"Shivappa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gudennavar","page_name":"ShivappaGudennavar","domain_name":"christuniversity","created_at":"2014-03-27T14:02:41.346-07:00","display_name":"Shivappa Gudennavar","url":"https://christuniversity.academia.edu/ShivappaGudennavar"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":8950,"name":"Nanoparticle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoparticle"},{"id":11973,"name":"Nanomaterials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanomaterials"},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer"},{"id":78723,"name":"Electromagnetic Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromagnetic_Shielding"},{"id":169323,"name":"Composite Material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Material"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104059983"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059983/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059983/Nanoparticles_as_Fillers_in_Composites_for_X_Ray_and_Gamma_Ray_Shielding">Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Diversity and Applications of New Age Nanoparticles</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. Composites, obtained by doping different nanoparticles into structural matrices (concrete, glass, or polymers), not only possess striking thermo-mechanical properties but also are effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead shields. This review is an attempt to throw light on various aspects of nanoparticles and their influence on shielding effectiveness. The authors also summarize the experimental findings so as to highlight th...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104059983"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104059983"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059983; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104059983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=104059983]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059983; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='104059983']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 104059983, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=104059983]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":104059983,"title":"Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104059969"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059969/Photon_electron_proton_and_alpha_particle_interaction_parameters_of_different_clays"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photon, electron, proton and alpha particle interaction parameters of different clays" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103888897/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/104059969/Photon_electron_proton_and_alpha_particle_interaction_parameters_of_different_clays">Photon, electron, proton and alpha particle interaction parameters of different clays</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="491983a49ee86b5846326f6daf303a90" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":103888897,"asset_id":104059969,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/103888897/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="104059969"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="104059969"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 104059969; 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This can be a great health hazard of our times. Since there is no probability of dodging the harmful influence, the practical way out is having protective shielding. Lead, the most efficient attenuator in current use has the drawbacks of being heavy, toxic and capable of producing secondary radiations. Other attenuators concrete, glass etc. have similar deficits in use. This is the context of the scientific world's quest for a perfect shielding material which can provide protection from harmful radiations effectively, economically and environment friendly. This work attempts a computational study on the radiation shielding efficiency of different types of clays, understanding of which would enable its applications for radiation shielding. The presence of high Z elements and the layered structure of clay along with its good thermal stability make it ideal filler for an effective radiation shield. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035973"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035973/Spectro_temporal_and_type_I_X_ray_burst_analysis_of_GX_3_1_using_AstroSat_observations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectro-temporal and type I X-ray burst analysis of GX 3+1 using AstroSat observations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035973/Spectro_temporal_and_type_I_X_ray_burst_analysis_of_GX_3_1_using_AstroSat_observations">Spectro-temporal and type I X-ray burst analysis of GX 3+1 using AstroSat observations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft X-ray Telescope and The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter on-board AstroSat between 2017 October 5 and 2018 August 9. The hardness-intensity-diagram of the source showed it to be in the soft spectral state during all the four observations. The spectra of the source could be adequately fit with a model consisting of blackbody ($\tt {bbody}$) and power--law ($\tt {powerlaw}$) components. This yielded the blackbody radius and mass accretion rate to be ∼8 km and ∼2 × 10−9 M⊙ y−1, respectively. In one of the observations, a type I X-ray burst having a rise and e-folding time of 0.6 and 5.6 s, respectively, was detected. Time-resolved spectral analysis of the burst showed that the source underwent a photospheric radius expansion. The radius of the emitting blackbody in GX 3+1 and its distance were estimated to be 9.19 $\substack{+0.97\\ -0.82}$ km and 10.17 $\substack{+0.07\\ -0.18}$ kpc,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035973"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035973"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035973; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035973]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035973]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035973; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101035973']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101035973, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101035973]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101035973,"title":"Spectro-temporal and type I X-ray burst analysis of GX 3+1 using AstroSat observations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft X-ray Telescope and The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter on-board AstroSat between 2017 October 5 and 2018 August 9. 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The radius of the emitting blackbody in GX 3+1 and its distance were estimated to be 9.19 $\\substack{+0.97\\\\ -0.82}$ km and 10.17 $\\substack{+0.07\\\\ -0.18}$ kpc,...","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","publication_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACTGX 3+1, an atoll type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary, was observed four times by Soft X-ray Telescope and The Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter on-board AstroSat between 2017 October 5 and 2018 August 9. The hardness-intensity-diagram of the source showed it to be in the soft spectral state during all the four observations. The spectra of the source could be adequately fit with a model consisting of blackbody ($\\tt {bbody}$) and power--law ($\\tt {powerlaw}$) components. This yielded the blackbody radius and mass accretion rate to be ∼8 km and ∼2 × 10−9 M⊙ y−1, respectively. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035972"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035972/Lead_free_inorganic_metal_perovskites_beyond_photovoltaics_Photon_charged_particles_and_neutron_shielding_applications"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lead-free inorganic metal perovskites beyond photovoltaics: Photon, charged particles and neutron shielding applications" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035972/Lead_free_inorganic_metal_perovskites_beyond_photovoltaics_Photon_charged_particles_and_neutron_shielding_applications">Lead-free inorganic metal perovskites beyond photovoltaics: Photon, charged particles and neutron shielding applications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nuclear Engineering and Technology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035972"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035972"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035972; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035971"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035971/AstroSats_view_of_the_newly_discovered_soft_X_ray_transient_MAXI_J0637_430"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of AstroSat's view of the newly discovered soft X-ray transient: MAXI J0637-430" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035971/AstroSats_view_of_the_newly_discovered_soft_X_ray_transient_MAXI_J0637_430">AstroSat's view of the newly discovered soft X-ray transient: MAXI J0637-430</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 28 January - 4 February</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035971"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035971"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035971; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035971]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035971; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101035971']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101035971, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101035971]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101035971,"title":"AstroSat's view of the newly discovered soft X-ray transient: MAXI J0637-430","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035969"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035969/Spectro_temporal_variability_studies_of_GX_340_0_using_AstroSat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectro-temporal variability studies of GX 340+0 using AstroSat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035969/Spectro_temporal_variability_studies_of_GX_340_0_using_AstroSat">Spectro-temporal variability studies of GX 340+0 using AstroSat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 28 January - 4 February</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035969"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035969"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035969; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035969]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035969]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035969; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101035969']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101035969, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101035969]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101035969,"title":"Spectro-temporal variability studies of GX 340+0 using AstroSat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035968"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035968/VizieR_Online_Data_Catalog_Silicon_depletion_in_the_interstellar_medium_Haris_2016_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of VizieR Online Data Catalog: Silicon depletion in the interstellar medium (Haris+, 2016)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035968/VizieR_Online_Data_Catalog_Silicon_depletion_in_the_interstellar_medium_Haris_2016_">VizieR Online Data Catalog: Silicon depletion in the interstellar medium (Haris+, 2016)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>VizieR Online Data Catalog</span><span>, Mar 1, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035968"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035968"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035968; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101035966"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035966/Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_%CE%B3_ray_Shielding"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multi-layered Epoxy Composites of Micro and Nano Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 for γ-ray Shielding" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/101035966/Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_%CE%B3_ray_Shielding">Multi-layered Epoxy Composites of Micro and Nano Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 for γ-ray Shielding</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively shield personnel and equipment against high energy γ-rays. Multi-layered shield, consisting of several layers of different materials, not only contributes to weight and cost reduction but also offers solution to inconsistent shielding performance. Compared to single layer of one type of shielding material, the probability of radiation absorption and scattering is higher in multi-layered configuration, thus enhancing shielding efficiency. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and properties (dispersion of fillers, density of composites, etc.) of multi-layered materials on shielding performance. In view of this, several combinations of epoxy multi-layered composites containing micro and nano particles of both bismuth (III) oxide and tantalum (V) oxide were prepared to study the attenuation of γ-rays from 137Cs (662 keV) radioactive source. Attenuation experiments showed that the layered epoxy composites loaded with 30 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles alone showed around 30% γ-ray attenuation. 19-mm-thick multi-layered shield composed of two layers of n–Ta2O5/epoxy at the outer side, and two layers of n-Bi2O3/epoxy layer at the inner side were found to be as effective with almost same shielding efficiency. At around similar thickness, the epoxy composite containing n-Bi2O3/m-Bi2O3/n-Ta2O5/m-Ta2O5 layer-by-layer showed 28% attenuation, demonstrating the synergistic effect of combining micro and nano sized particles. Enhancement in attenuation on use of multi-layered structures could be attributed to the fact that epoxy composites containing different fillers of varying size will probably attenuate radiations more efficiently than those with one type of filler of a particular size. This work demonstrates that the multi-layered high-Z metal oxide-polymer composites may be as reliable as conventional lead-based materials in attenuating γ-rays.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101035966"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101035966"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035966; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035966]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=101035966]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101035966; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='101035966']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 101035966, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=101035966]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":101035966,"title":"Multi-layered Epoxy Composites of Micro and Nano Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 for γ-ray Shielding","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively shield personnel and equipment against high energy γ-rays. Multi-layered shield, consisting of several layers of different materials, not only contributes to weight and cost reduction but also offers solution to inconsistent shielding performance. Compared to single layer of one type of shielding material, the probability of radiation absorption and scattering is higher in multi-layered configuration, thus enhancing shielding efficiency. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and properties (dispersion of fillers, density of composites, etc.) of multi-layered materials on shielding performance. In view of this, several combinations of epoxy multi-layered composites containing micro and nano particles of both bismuth (III) oxide and tantalum (V) oxide were prepared to study the attenuation of γ-rays from 137Cs (662 keV) radioactive source. Attenuation experiments showed that the layered epoxy composites loaded with 30 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles alone showed around 30% γ-ray attenuation. 19-mm-thick multi-layered shield composed of two layers of n–Ta2O5/epoxy at the outer side, and two layers of n-Bi2O3/epoxy layer at the inner side were found to be as effective with almost same shielding efficiency. At around similar thickness, the epoxy composite containing n-Bi2O3/m-Bi2O3/n-Ta2O5/m-Ta2O5 layer-by-layer showed 28% attenuation, demonstrating the synergistic effect of combining micro and nano sized particles. Enhancement in attenuation on use of multi-layered structures could be attributed to the fact that epoxy composites containing different fillers of varying size will probably attenuate radiations more efficiently than those with one type of filler of a particular size. This work demonstrates that the multi-layered high-Z metal oxide-polymer composites may be as reliable as conventional lead-based materials in attenuating γ-rays.","publisher":"Springer Singapore","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology"},"translated_abstract":"In this work, we have developed lead-free multi-layered epoxy polymer composites to effectively shield personnel and equipment against high energy γ-rays. Multi-layered shield, consisting of several layers of different materials, not only contributes to weight and cost reduction but also offers solution to inconsistent shielding performance. Compared to single layer of one type of shielding material, the probability of radiation absorption and scattering is higher in multi-layered configuration, thus enhancing shielding efficiency. However, there is a need to investigate the effect of stacking sequence and properties (dispersion of fillers, density of composites, etc.) of multi-layered materials on shielding performance. In view of this, several combinations of epoxy multi-layered composites containing micro and nano particles of both bismuth (III) oxide and tantalum (V) oxide were prepared to study the attenuation of γ-rays from 137Cs (662 keV) radioactive source. Attenuation experiments showed that the layered epoxy composites loaded with 30 wt% Bi2O3 nanoparticles alone showed around 30% γ-ray attenuation. 19-mm-thick multi-layered shield composed of two layers of n–Ta2O5/epoxy at the outer side, and two layers of n-Bi2O3/epoxy layer at the inner side were found to be as effective with almost same shielding efficiency. At around similar thickness, the epoxy composite containing n-Bi2O3/m-Bi2O3/n-Ta2O5/m-Ta2O5 layer-by-layer showed 28% attenuation, demonstrating the synergistic effect of combining micro and nano sized particles. Enhancement in attenuation on use of multi-layered structures could be attributed to the fact that epoxy composites containing different fillers of varying size will probably attenuate radiations more efficiently than those with one type of filler of a particular size. This work demonstrates that the multi-layered high-Z metal oxide-polymer composites may be as reliable as conventional lead-based materials in attenuating γ-rays.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101035966/Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_%CE%B3_ray_Shielding","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-04-30T23:16:46.613-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10568050,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Multi_layered_Epoxy_Composites_of_Micro_and_Nano_Bi2O3_and_Ta2O5_for_γ_ray_Shielding","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10568050,"first_name":"Shivappa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gudennavar","page_name":"ShivappaGudennavar","domain_name":"christuniversity","created_at":"2014-03-27T14:02:41.346-07:00","display_name":"Shivappa Gudennavar","url":"https://christuniversity.academia.edu/ShivappaGudennavar"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science"},{"id":49651,"name":"Nano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nano"},{"id":78723,"name":"Electromagnetic Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromagnetic_Shielding"},{"id":159672,"name":"Epoxy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epoxy"},{"id":169323,"name":"Composite Material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Material"},{"id":3647879,"name":"Springer Ebooks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Springer_Ebooks"}],"urls":[{"id":31060096,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-16-4321-7_38"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="97091752"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/97091752/Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical_properties_of_substituted_imidazonaphthyridine_derivatives"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effect of solvents on the photophysical properties of substituted imidazonaphthyridine derivatives" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98809766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/97091752/Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical_properties_of_substituted_imidazonaphthyridine_derivatives">Effect of solvents on the photophysical properties of substituted imidazonaphthyridine derivatives</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b6e818f2d1e177b9024a62058153843c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98809766,"asset_id":97091752,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98809766/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="97091752"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="97091752"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97091752; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97091752]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=97091752]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 97091752; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='97091752']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97091752, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b6e818f2d1e177b9024a62058153843c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=97091752]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":97091752,"title":"Effect of solvents on the photophysical properties of substituted imidazonaphthyridine derivatives","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"The effect of solvents of varying polarity on the absorption and fluorescence emission of the Schiff base, 2-{[3-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) phenyl]carbonoimidoyl}phenol, was studied using Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter and Kamlet's multiple linear regression approach. The spectral properties follow Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter better than Lippert-Mataga bulk polarity parameter, indicating the presence of both general solute-solvent interactions and specific interactions. Catalan's multiple linear regression approach indicates the major role of solvent polarizability/dipolarity influence compared with solvent acidity or basicity. The solvatochromic effect was utilized to calculate the dipole moments of ground and excited states of the Schiff base using different methods. Bathochromic shift in the emission spectrum and the increase in dipole moment in the excited state signifies the intramolecular charge transfer character in the emitting singlet state. Fluorescence quenching by aniline was also studied in 1,4-dioxane and n-butanol, and the results were analyzed using sphere of action static quenching and finite sink approximation models.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":98809766},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97091752/Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical_properties_of_substituted_imidazonaphthyridine_derivatives","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-17T20:36:18.280-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10568050,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98809766,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98809766/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bio.279420230218-1-joijgr.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98809766/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98809766/bio.279420230218-1-joijgr-libre.pdf?1676695843=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical.pdf\u0026Expires=1732731891\u0026Signature=Ro5cBf36sbi3ZVp7VjaC1Hkg5OZaXQJquQex599Zk3AjhSwXHe-Kr32h-1YwDEjnDasEn-Ed5JAcGhV6llUHrC59Tcn-~IRpMDLpZ9bZrlaPMidWyvzqf2OG3q~S7rU5FMWVCL1nNt9eCyaZuhbfJTKwRFzC3Mlqiz4DV-4VjU-s2rh8a8~nMQrahauWNQBvzpHqWTjjJzGUu1KZN3ZfEWn14aZ-GPwOkvmESZAkyMpV7NCpfa9A1l5jb~wmbTssESSQscqwrOOOkGD32ZylPZBwZipEC5JY3sFBpV3JiRXXJaX8ASiU5Do~goOcUwcHOt42RZMKdtCGmH9~MxhkSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical_properties_of_substituted_imidazonaphthyridine_derivatives","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":10568050,"first_name":"Shivappa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gudennavar","page_name":"ShivappaGudennavar","domain_name":"christuniversity","created_at":"2014-03-27T14:02:41.346-07:00","display_name":"Shivappa Gudennavar","url":"https://christuniversity.academia.edu/ShivappaGudennavar"},"attachments":[{"id":98809766,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98809766/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bio.279420230218-1-joijgr.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98809766/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Effect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98809766/bio.279420230218-1-joijgr-libre.pdf?1676695843=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEffect_of_solvents_on_the_photophysical.pdf\u0026Expires=1732731891\u0026Signature=Ro5cBf36sbi3ZVp7VjaC1Hkg5OZaXQJquQex599Zk3AjhSwXHe-Kr32h-1YwDEjnDasEn-Ed5JAcGhV6llUHrC59Tcn-~IRpMDLpZ9bZrlaPMidWyvzqf2OG3q~S7rU5FMWVCL1nNt9eCyaZuhbfJTKwRFzC3Mlqiz4DV-4VjU-s2rh8a8~nMQrahauWNQBvzpHqWTjjJzGUu1KZN3ZfEWn14aZ-GPwOkvmESZAkyMpV7NCpfa9A1l5jb~wmbTssESSQscqwrOOOkGD32ZylPZBwZipEC5JY3sFBpV3JiRXXJaX8ASiU5Do~goOcUwcHOt42RZMKdtCGmH9~MxhkSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry"},{"id":5104,"name":"Photochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry"},{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":55547,"name":"Fluorescence Lifetime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Lifetime"},{"id":214555,"name":"Dipole","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dipole"},{"id":393410,"name":"Excited states","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excited_states"},{"id":442314,"name":"Radiative Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiative_Transfer"},{"id":801409,"name":"Imidazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imidazoles"},{"id":903588,"name":"Stokes Shift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stokes_Shift"},{"id":990774,"name":"Quantum Yield","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Yield"},{"id":1186482,"name":"Solvent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvent"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents"},{"id":3430039,"name":"Rate Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rate_Constant"},{"id":3835050,"name":"Exponential Decay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exponential_Decay"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93291256"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93291256/Spectral_characteristics_of_the_black_hole_binary_4U_1957_115_a_multi_mission_perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96069037/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93291256/Spectral_characteristics_of_the_black_hole_binary_4U_1957_115_a_multi_mission_perspective">Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR observations carried out between 2016 and 2019. Modelling with a disc emission, thermal Comptonization, and blurred reflection components revealed that the source was in the high-soft state with the disc flux ∼87 per cent of the total and high-energy photon index ∼2.6. There is an evidence that either the inner disc radius varied by ∼25 per cent or the colour hardening factor changed by ∼12 per cent. The values of the inner disc radius imply that for a non-spinning black hole, the black hole mass is &lt; 7 M ⊙ and the source is located &gt; 30 kpc away. On the other hand, a rapidly spinning black hole would be consistent with the more plausible black hole mass of &lt; 10 M ⊙ and a source distance of ∼10 kpc. Fixing the distance to 10 kpc and using a relativistic accretion disc model, constrained the black hole mass to 6 M⊙ and inclination angle to 72°. A positive ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="688c26da6496ec7f367d623e6e13f091" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":96069037,"asset_id":93291256,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96069037/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="93291256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="93291256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93291256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93291256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93291256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93291256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='93291256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 93291256, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "688c26da6496ec7f367d623e6e13f091" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=93291256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":93291256,"title":"Spectral characteristics of the black hole binary 4U 1957+115: a multi mission perspective","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We report spectral analysis of the persistent black hole X-ray binary, 4U 1957+115, using AstroSat, Swift, and NuSTAR observations carried out between 2016 and 2019. Modelling with a disc emission, thermal Comptonization, and blurred reflection components revealed that the source was in the high-soft state with the disc flux ∼87 per cent of the total and high-energy photon index ∼2.6. There is an evidence that either the inner disc radius varied by ∼25 per cent or the colour hardening factor changed by ∼12 per cent. The values of the inner disc radius imply that for a non-spinning black hole, the black hole mass is \u0026lt; 7 M ⊙ and the source is located \u0026gt; 30 kpc away. On the other hand, a rapidly spinning black hole would be consistent with the more plausible black hole mass of \u0026lt; 10 M ⊙ and a source distance of ∼10 kpc. Fixing the distance to 10 kpc and using a relativistic accretion disc model, constrained the black hole mass to 6 M⊙ and inclination angle to 72°. 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What Einstein subsequently dubbed as the ‘biggest blunder’ of his life (after Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe) has come back in vogue in cosmology. Here we look at the evolution of the concept of the cosmological constant from its inception to it possibly making up close to about 70% of the energy density of the universe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="459ad71f00222b368a6fb850429a03b0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92676088,"asset_id":88761133,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92676088/download_file?st=MTczMjcyODM5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88761133"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88761133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88761133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88761133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88761133]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88761133; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88761133']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88761133, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "459ad71f00222b368a6fb850429a03b0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88761133]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88761133,"title":"Hundred Years of Einstein's Cosmological Constant","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It was little over a hundred years ago that Einstein introduced the ‘cosmological constant’ in his General Theory of Relativity in order to obtain a static universe, to conform to the philosophical view of the universe at that time. 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