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href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ನಗರ">ನಗರ</a>ಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸುವಷ್ಟು <a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ">ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ</a>ಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತವೆ.ನಗರಾಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ, ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಶ್ರೇಣೀಕರಣದ, ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ ಸಂವಹನ ,ಇವುಗಳು ನಾಗರೀಕತೆಯ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳು .ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಜನರಿರುವ ವಸಾಹತುಗಳ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಾಗಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಬಹುದು.ನಾಗರೀಕತೆಯಿಂದ ಬರಿಯೆ ಸ್ಥಳದ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಬದಲಾಗದು, ಸ್ಥಳದ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಆಯಾ ನೆಲದಲ್ಲಿ ವಾಸಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ ಜನರ ಮನಸ್ಥಿತಿ ಸಹ ಬದಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.ನಾಗರೀಕತೆ'ಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಜನರ ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0:Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg/250px-Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg/375px-Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg/500px-Manhattan_panorama_under_clouds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="3454"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ನಗರ">ನಗರ</a>ಗಳು ಮಾನವ ನಾಗರೀಕತೆಯ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಚಿಹ್ನೆಗಳು. </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="kn" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">ಪರಿವಿಡಿ</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95"><span class="tocnumber">೧</span> <span class="toctext">ನಾಗರಿಕ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8"><span class="tocnumber">೨</span> <span class="toctext">ನಾಗಜನರ ಇತಿಹಾಸ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0"><span class="tocnumber">೩</span> <span class="toctext">ನಗರ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81"><span class="tocnumber">೪</span> <span class="toctext">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ನಾಗರಿಕ"><span id=".E0.B2.A8.E0.B2.BE.E0.B2.97.E0.B2.B0.E0.B2.BF.E0.B2.95"></span>ನಾಗರಿಕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ವಿಭಾಗ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ: ನಾಗರಿಕ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಿ</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>ನಗರದಿಂದ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ ಪದ ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ನಾಗ ಅನ್ನುವ ಪದ ಪ್ರಜೆ ಅನ್ನುವ ಪದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಮನಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ಹಾಗಾಗೆ ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗ ಎಂದು ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಮಾಡುವವರು ಬಳಸಲು ಶುರುಮಾಡಿದರು. ನಿಜವಾದ ಸಂಗತಿ ಎಂದರೆ ನಾಗ, ನಾಗಸಂತತಿ, ನಾಗ ಕುಲದವರು ಎಂದು ಸನಾತನಿಗಳು ತಿರುಚಿ ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಗೊಳಿಸಿ ಪೌರೋಹಿತ್ಯದ ಲಾಭ ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ನಾಗಜನರ_ಇತಿಹಾಸ"><span id=".E0.B2.A8.E0.B2.BE.E0.B2.97.E0.B2.9C.E0.B2.A8.E0.B2.B0_.E0.B2.87.E0.B2.A4.E0.B2.BF.E0.B2.B9.E0.B2.BE.E0.B2.B8"></span>ನಾಗಜನರ ಇತಿಹಾಸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ವಿಭಾಗ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ: ನಾಗಜನರ ಇತಿಹಾಸ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಿ</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.2500ರಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ಸಿಂಧೂ ಬಯಲಿನ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯು ಇಡೀ ಏಷಿಯಾ ಖಂಡವನ್ನು ಆವರಿಸಿದ್ದು, ಇದನ್ನು ಮೂಲನಿವಾಸಿ ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಾಡಿತ್ತು. ಬಾಬಾ ಸಾಹೇಬ್ ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರರು ಏಷಿಯಾ ಖಂಡದ ಬಹು ಭಾಗಗಳನ್ನು ಆಳಿದ "ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರಿರುವವರು ನಾವು" ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.</p> <p>ಭಾರತೀಯ ಪರಂಪರೆ ವಿಶ್ವದ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ವಿಶಷ್ಟವಾದ ಪರಂಪರೆ, ನಮ್ಮ ದೇಶಕ್ಕೆ ತನ್ನದೇ ಆದ ಅದ್ಬುತ ಇತಿಹಾಸವಿದೆ. ವಿಶ್ವದ ಬೇರೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇರದ ನಾನಾ ಧರ್ಮಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿವೆ. ಸುಮಾರು (1500)ಭಾಷೆಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಮ್ಮ ಜನ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಆಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.</p> <p>ಸಿಂಧೂ ಬಯಲಿನ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ ವಿಶ್ವದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಒಂದು ಮಾದರಿ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ. ಈ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಸುಮಾರು (4500) ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಹಿಂದೆ ನಮ್ಮ ದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡರು, ನಾಗರು, ಅಸುರರು, ರಕ್ಕಸರು ಎಂದೆನ್ನಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ರಾಜರು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದರು. ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಬೆರಗಾಗುವಂತಹ ಇತಿಹಾಸವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಾಡಿದ ಭಾರತದ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ.</p> <p>ಈಗ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳ ನೆಲೆ ನಾಡಾಗಿದೆ. ನಿಜವಾದ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮಾರು 70% ಜನರು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಅವಿದ್ಯಾವಂತರು, 65% ಜನರು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಮೂಲಭೂತ ಸೌಕರ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಬಡವರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ನಿರುದ್ಯೋಗ, ಭ್ರಷ್ಟಾಚಾರ, ಮೂಢನಂಬಿಕೆ(ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ) ತಾಂಡವವಾಡುತ್ತಿವೆ. ರಾಜಕೀಯವಾಗಿ ಬಹುಜನರು, ಅಲ್ಪಜನರ ಹಿಡಿತದಲ್ಲಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕವಾಗಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಆರ್ಥಿಕವಾಗಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿನ ಜನರ ಅಂತರ ಅಧಿಕವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಚಿಂತಕರು, ಭಾರತದ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಜಾತಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ‌. ರಾಜಕಾರಣವಾಗಲಿ, ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ರಂಗವಾಗಲಿ, ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಆಥವಾ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ರಂಗವಾಗಲೀ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾತಿಯ ಪಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ತಳ್ಳಿ ಹಾಕುವಂತಿಲ್ಲ. ನಮ್ಮ ದೇಶದ ಜಾತಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಂಥ ಅನಿಷ್ಟ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯೇ ನಮ್ಮೆಲ್ಲ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳ ಮೂಲಬೇರು. ಈ ಅನಿಷ್ಟ ಪದ್ಧತಿಯನ್ನು ಯಾರು, ಹೇಗೆ, ಯಾವಾಗ, ಏಕೆ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ ಮಾಡಿದರು ಎಂದು " ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರ್ ವಾದಿ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಕೋನದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಿಸುವುದೇ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಉದ್ದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ.</p> <p>ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗದವರು ತಮಿಳು ಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ಆಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇವರನ್ನು ದ್ರಾವಿಡರು ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ವಿಶ್ವದ ಇತಿಹಾಸದಲ್ಲೇ ತುಂಬಾ ಹಳೆಯದಾದ ಭಾಷೆ ಅದು ತಮಿಳು ಎಂದು ಯೂರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಿಂತಕರು ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ತಮಿಳು ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು ಆರ್ಯರು ತಮ್ಮ ವೇದಗಳಲ್ಲಿ " ಧಮಿಳ " ಎಂದು ಬಳಸಿ, ನಂತರ " ಧಮಿಳೆ" ಧಮಿತೆ " ನಂತರ "ದ್ರಾವಿಡ " ಎಂದು ಬಳಸಿದ್ದರಿಂದ ತಮಿಳು ಎಂಬ ಪದ 'ದ್ರಾವಿಡ 'ವೆಂದಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಬಾಬಾಸಾಹೇಬ್ ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರರು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.</p> <p>ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗವನ್ನು" ದಾನವ" ಎಂದು ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಹೆಸರಿನಿಂದಲೂ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗದ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇರಳವಾದ ಸಂಪತ್ತು ಚಿನ್ನ, ಬಂಗಾರ, ವಜ್ರ, ವೈಢೂರ್ಯಗಳು, ಆಹಾರ ಸಾಮಾಗ್ರಿಗಳು ದೊರಕುತ್ತಿದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇವರು ಪರದೇಶಿಯರಿಗೆ ಹೇರಳವಾಗಿ ದಾನ-ಧರ್ಮಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇವರನ್ನು " ದಾನವರು" ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. "ಬಲಿಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ<i> ಎಂಬ ರಾಜ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ದಾನವರಲ್ಲಿ ಒಬ್ಬರಾಗಿದ್ದರು. </i></p> <p>ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗವನ್ನು "ರಕ್ಕಸ" ಎಂಬ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಪದದಿಂದಲೂ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. "ರಕ್ಕಸ" ಎಂದರೆ ' ರಕ್ಷಕ ' ಎಂದರ್ಥ, ಅಂದರೆ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಕೊಡುವವನು ಎಂದರ್ಥ. ವಿದೇಶಿಯರಿಂದ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಆಕ್ರಮಣವಾದಾಗ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಲು ಕೆಲವು ರಕ್ಷಕ ರಾಜರನ್ನು ನೇಮಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದಲೇ ಇವರನ್ನು ರಾಕ್ಷಸರೆಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಮನುವಾದಿಗಳು " ರಕ್ಕಸ " ಎಂದರೆ ಕೆಟ್ಟವರು ಎಂದು ಪದದ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ.</p> <p>ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗವನ್ನು " ಅಸುರ " ಎಂಬ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಪದದಿಂದಲೂ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. " ಅಸುರ " ಎಂದರೆ ಮದ್ಯಪಾನ ಮಾಡದೇ ಇರುವವನು, ನಾಗ ಜನರು ಕಟ್ಟಿದ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮದ್ಯಪಾನವೆಂದರೇನು ಎಂಬುದು ತಿಳಿದಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ ಬೇರೆ ದೇಶಗಳಿಂದ ಬಂದ ಆರ್ಯರು ಈ ದೇಶದ ಜನರಿಗೆ ಮದ್ಯಪಾನ ಕಲಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಆರ್ಯರಿಗೆ " ಸುರರು " ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಅವರು ಸೋಮರಸ ಹಾಗೂ ರಾಮರಸಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾಡಿ ಯಥೇಚ್ಛವಾಗಿ ಮದ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸೇವಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದಲೇ ಇವರನ್ನು " ಸುರರು <i> ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗಿದೆ.</i></p> <p>ಸಿಂಧೂ ಬಯಲಿನ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಬೇರೆ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಾದರಿ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಲು ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳಿವೆ. ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನೂರಾರು ಹರಪ್ಪ, ಮೆಹೆಂಜೊದಾರೋ, ಚೌನಾದಾರೋ, ಬನವಾಲಿ, ದೊಲವೀರಾ, ದೈಮಾಬಾದ್, ಕಾಲಿಬಂಗನ್, ಖಿರಸಾರ್, ಖೋಟ್ ಬಾಲ, ಅಲಮಗಿರ್ಪುರ್, ಬಾಲಾಕೋಟ್, ಕೋಟ್ ದಿಜಿ, ಕುಂಟಾಸಿ, ಲರ್ಕನ, ಲೋತೇಶ್ವರ್, ಮಂಡಿ, ಮಾಂಡ, ಜಮ್ಮು, ಮೆಹರ್ ಗಡ್, ಮಿಟಾತಲ್, ರಾಖಿಗಡಿ, ರಂಗಪುರ್, ರೂಪಾರ್, ಶಿಕಾರ್ ಪುರ್,ಸೋತಿ, ಸನೌಲಿ, ನೌಶಾರೋ, ರೆಹಮನ್ ಧೇರಿ, ಮುಂತಾದ ದೊಡ್ಡ ದೊಡ್ಡ ನಗರಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು.</p> <p>4500 ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಹಿಂದೆ ಸುಟ್ಟ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಗಳಿಂದ ಕಟ್ಟಡಗಳನ್ನು,.ವಿದ್ಯಾ ಕೇಂದ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ದೊಡ್ಡ ದೊಡ್ಡ 100 ಅಡಿ ರಸ್ತೆಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ವೆಸಪೆಟೋಮಿಯ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಬೇರೆ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಗಳ ಜೊತೆ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಗಳಿಗೆ ದೊಡ್ಡ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬಂದರುಗಳನ್ನು ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗ ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿತ್ತು. ಈ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಚಿನ್ನ, ಬಂಗಾರಗಳು ಹೇರಳವಾಗಿ ದೊರಕುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ಕೋಲಾರ ಮತ್ತು ಮೈಸೂರಿನಿಂದ ಚಿನ್ನವು ಬೇರೆ ದೇಶಗಳಿಗೆ ರಫ್ತಾಗುತ್ತಿತ್ತು. ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತದ ಆಹಾರವಾದ " ಇಡ್ಲಿಯನ್ನು" ತಯಾರಿಸುವ ಬಗೆಯನ್ನು ಕಲಿಸಿಕೊಟ್ಟವರು ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗದವರು ತಮಿಳು ಭಾಷೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆಗ ಇಡ್ಲಿಯನ್ನು " ಪೂವ " ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು.</p> <p>ಇಲ್ಲಿನ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಬೇರೆ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಾದರಿಯಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಹೆಣ್ಣು- ಗಂಡಿನ ತಾರತಮ್ಯವಿರದೆ ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಸಮನಾಗಿ ಬದುಕುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು‌. ನಾಗರು ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ ಆರಾಧಕರಾಗಿದ್ದರು. ಸೂರ್ಯ, ಭೂಮಿ, ಬೆಂಕಿ, ನೀರು, ಮರ ಹೀಗೆ ಪ್ರಕೃತಿಯನ್ನು ಪೂಜಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಹೀಗೆ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ, ಸಮಾನತೆ, ಸಹೋದರತೆಗಳಿಂದ ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗವು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸಿಂದೂ ಬಯಲಿನ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಾಡಿತ್ತು. ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ರೀತಿಯ ಕುಂದು ಕೊರತೆಗಳು, ಬಡತನ, ಅನಕ್ಷರತೆ, ಎಂಬ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳೇ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಅಲ್ಲಿನ ಜನ ಯಾರು ಬಡವರಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ ಹಾಗೂ ಅನಕ್ಷರರೂ ಇರಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಇಂತಹ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಕಟ್ಟಿದ ನಾಗ ಜನಾಂಗ " ವಿಶ್ವದ " ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಾದರಿ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಮಾಡಿತ್ತು. ಪ್ರಪಂಚವೇ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಬೆರಗಾಗಿ ಈ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ನೋಡಲು ಕನಸು ಕಾಣುತ್ತಿತ್ತು.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ನಗರ"><span id=".E0.B2.A8.E0.B2.97.E0.B2.B0"></span>ನಗರ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ವಿಭಾಗ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ: ನಗರ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಿ</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಗಳು ಇತರ ಸಮಾಜಗಳ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ವಿವಿಧ ವಸಾಹತು ಮಾದರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ. ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ ಪದವು ಕೆಲವೊಮ್ಮೆ ಕೇವಲ "'ನಗರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವಾಸಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ'" ಎಂಬ ಅರ್ಥದಿಂದ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಅಲ್ಲದೆ ರೈತರು ಕೆಲಸ ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ನಗರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಲು ಒಲವು. ಆರ್ಥಿಕವಾಗಿ, ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಗಳು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಘಟಿತ ಸಮಾಜದಲ್ಲಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವ ಮತ್ತು ವಿನಿಮಯ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ ಮಾದರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸುತ್ತೆದೆ. ಒಂದು ಸ್ಥಳದಲ್ಲಿ ಜೀವಿಸಲು ಜನರಿಗೆ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿ ಜನರಿಗಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಸಂಚಯಿಸಲು ಅನುಮತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0:Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization,_Punjab.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg/220px-Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg/220px-Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg/330px-Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg/440px-Ruins_of_Indus_Valley_Civilization%2C_Punjab.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> ಇಂದಸ್ ವ್ಯಾಲಿ </figcaption> </figure> <pre><b>ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ್ಗಳು</b> </pre> <p><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://kn-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>೧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading 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class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskawing" title="Beskawing – ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾನ್ಸ್" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Beskawing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾನ್ಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisation" title="Zivilisation – ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zivilisation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A5%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%258C%25A3%25E1%258A%2594" title="ሥልጣኔ – ಅಂಹರಿಕ್" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥልጣኔ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ಅಂಹರಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – ಅರಗೊನೀಸ್" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ಅರಗೊನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folctil%25C3%25BE" title="Folctilþ – ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Folctilþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="حضارة – ಅರೇಬಿಕ್" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ಅರೇಬಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="حضاره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حضاره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – ಆಸ್ಟುರಿಯನ್" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ಆಸ್ಟುರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಅವರಿಕ್" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ಅವರಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasiya" title="Sivilizasiya – ಅಜೆರ್ಬೈಜಾನಿ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sivilizasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ಅಜೆರ್ಬೈಜಾನಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586" title="تمدون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تمدون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಬಶ್ಕಿರ್" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ಬಶ್ಕಿರ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C4%2597v%25C4%2597l%25C4%2597zac%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Cėvėlėzacėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cėvėlėzacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon" title="Sibilisasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sibilisasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Цывілізацыя – ಬೆಲರೂಸಿಯನ್" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цывілізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ಬೆಲರೂಸಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Цывілізацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цывілізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯನ್" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="সভ্যতা – ಬಾಂಗ್ಲಾ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সভ্যতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ಬಾಂಗ್ಲಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevenadurezh" title="Sevenadurezh – ಬ್ರೆಟನ್" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sevenadurezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ಬ್ರೆಟನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – ಬೋಸ್ನಿಯನ್" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ಬೋಸ್ನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradapan" title="Paradapan – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Paradapan" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB" title="Эргэншэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эргэншэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilitzaci%25C3%25B3" title="Civilització – ಕೆಟಲಾನ್" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Civilització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ಕೆಟಲಾನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Цивилизаци – ಚಚೆನ್" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цивилизаци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ಚಚೆನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon" title="Sibilisasyon – ಸೆಬುವಾನೊ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sibilisasyon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ಸೆಬುವಾನೊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258E%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="شارستانێتی – ಮಧ್ಯ ಕುರ್ದಿಶ್" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارستانێتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ಮಧ್ಯ ಕುರ್ದಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizace" title="Civilizace – ಜೆಕ್" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Civilizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ಜೆಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwareiddiad" title="Gwareiddiad – ವೆಲ್ಶ್" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwareiddiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ವೆಲ್ಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisation" title="Zivilisation – ಜರ್ಮನ್" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zivilisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ಜರ್ಮನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasyon" title="Sivilizasyon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sivilizasyon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Πολιτισμός – ಗ್ರೀಕ್" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ಗ್ರೀಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization – ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Civilization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizo" title="Civilizo – ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Civilizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – ಸ್ಪ್ಯಾನಿಷ್" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಪ್ಯಾನಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsivilisatsioon" title="Tsivilisatsioon – ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯನ್" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsivilisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio – ಬಾಸ್ಕ್" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zibilizazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ಬಾಸ್ಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586" title="تمدن – ಪರ್ಶಿಯನ್" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تمدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ಪರ್ಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisaatio" title="Sivilisaatio – ಫಿನ್ನಿಶ್" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sivilisaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ಫಿನ್ನಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsivilisats%2527uun" title="Tsivilisats'uun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsivilisats'uun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisacion" title="Civilisacion – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Civilisacion" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskaving" title="Beskaving – ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಫ್ರಿಸಿಯನ್" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Beskaving" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಫ್ರಿಸಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – ಗಾನ್ ಚೀನೀಸ್" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ಗಾನ್ ಚೀನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasyon" title="Sivilizasyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sivilizasyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – ಗ್ಯಾಲಿಶಿಯನ್" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ಗ್ಯಾಲಿಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet%25C3%25A3ngatu" title="Tetãngatu – ಗೌರಾನಿ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetãngatu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ಗೌರಾನಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AA%2582%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AB%2583%25E0%25AA%25A4%25E0%25AA%25BF" title="સંસ્કૃતિ – ಗುಜರಾತಿ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સંસ્કૃતિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ಗುಜರಾತಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukunhunhun" title="Nukunhunhun – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Nukunhunhun" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayewa" title="Wayewa – ಹೌಸಾ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wayewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ಹೌಸಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25B9n-m%25C3%25ACn" title="Vùn-mìn – ಹಕ್" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vùn-mìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ಹಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="ציוויליזציה – ಹೀಬ್ರೂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציוויליזציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ಹೀಬ್ರೂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – ಹಿಂದಿ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ಹಿಂದಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabhyata" title="Sabhyata – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sabhyata" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasyon" title="Sivilizasyon – ಹೈಟಿಯನ್ ಕ್ರಿಯೋಲಿ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sivilizasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ಹೈಟಿಯನ್ ಕ್ರಿಯೋಲಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C3%25A1ci%25C3%25B3" title="Civilizáció – ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Civilizáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2580%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Քաղաքակրթություն – ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքակրթություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – ಇಂಟರ್‌ಲಿಂಗ್ವಾ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಟರ್‌ಲಿಂಗ್ವಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban – ಇಂಡೋನೇಶಿಯನ್" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peradaban" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಡೋನೇಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasion" title="Sibilisasion – ಇಲ್ಲಿಕೋ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sibilisasion" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ಇಲ್ಲಿಕೋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Цивилизаци – ಇಂಗುಷ್" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Цивилизаци" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಗುಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C3%25B0menning" title="Siðmenning – ಐಸ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಕ್" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Siðmenning" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ಐಸ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilt%25C3%25A0" title="Civiltà – ಇಟಾಲಿಯನ್" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Civiltà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ಇಟಾಲಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – ಜಾಪನೀಸ್" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ಜಾಪನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siblaizieshan" title="Siblaizieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siblaizieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban – ಜಾವಾನೀಸ್" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Peradaban" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ಜಾವಾನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ცივილიზაცია – ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯನ್" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცივილიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%2590sakuliye" title="Ɛsakuliye – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsakuliye" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tat-a%25CC%25B1ghyi" title="Tat-a̱ghyi – ಟ್ಯಾಪ್" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tat-a̱ghyi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ಟ್ಯಾಪ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D2%2593%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_(%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2596)_%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Шағын (жергілікті) өркениеттер – ಕಝಕ್" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шағын (жергілікті) өркениеттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ಕಝಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259E%2592%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259F%258C" title="អរិយធម៌ – ಖಮೇರ್" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អរិយធម៌" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ಖಮೇರ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25AC%25B8%25EB%25AA%2585" title="문명 – ಕೊರಿಯನ್" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ಕೊರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಕರಚಯ್-ಬಲ್ಕಾರ್" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ಕರಚಯ್-ಬಲ್ಕಾರ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Earistan%25C3%25AE" title="Şaristanî – ಕುರ್ದಿಷ್" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şaristanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ಕುರ್ದಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwarheans" title="Hwarheans – ಕಾರ್ನಿಷ್" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hwarheans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ಕಾರ್ನಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಕಿರ್ಗಿಜ್" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ಕಿರ್ಗಿಜ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultus_humanus" title="Cultus humanus – ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cultus humanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisatioun" title="Zivilisatioun – ಲಕ್ಸಂಬರ್ಗಿಷ್" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zivilisatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ಲಕ್ಸಂಬರ್ಗಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besjaving" title="Besjaving – ಲಿಂಬರ್ಗಿಶ್" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Besjaving" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ಲಿಂಬರ್ಗಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilizazzion" title="Zivilizazzion – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zivilizazzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%258D%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%25B3" title="ອາລະຍະທຳ – ಲಾವೋ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາລະຍະທຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ಲಾವೋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C4%2581cija" title="Civilizācija – ಲಾಟ್ವಿಯನ್" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Civilizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ಲಾಟ್ವಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifomba" title="Haifomba – ಮಲಗಾಸಿ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haifomba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ಮಲಗಾಸಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ಉತ್ತಮ ಲೇಖನ"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Цивилизација – ಮೆಸಿಡೋನಿಯನ್" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цивилизација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ಮೆಸಿಡೋನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25A4" title="നാഗരികത – ಮಲಯಾಳಂ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാഗരികത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ಮಲಯಾಳಂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D1%2591%25D0%25BB_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB" title="Соёл иргэншил – ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯನ್" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Соёл иргэншил" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A9%25EA%25AF%2586%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%258E%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259C" title="ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎꯔꯣꯜ – ಮಣಿಪುರಿ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎꯔꯣꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ಮಣಿಪುರಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता – ಮರಾಠಿ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ಮರಾಠಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamadun" title="Tamadun – ಮಲಯ್" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tamadun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ಮಲಯ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebliza%25C3%25A7on" title="Ceblizaçon – ಮಿರಾಂಡೀಸ್" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ceblizaçon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ಮಿರಾಂಡೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2588%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE" title="Ошондямо – ಎರ್ಝ್ಯಾ" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ошондямо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ಎರ್ಝ್ಯಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisatschoon" title="Zivilisatschoon – ಲೋ ಜರ್ಮನ್" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zivilisatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ಲೋ ಜರ್ಮನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – ನೇಪಾಳಿ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ನೇಪಾಳಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="लहना – ನೇವಾರೀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लहना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ನೇವಾರೀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beschaving" title="Beschaving – ಡಚ್" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beschaving" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ಡಚ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisasjon" title="Sivilisasjon – ನಾರ್ವೇಜಿಯನ್ ನೈನಾರ್ಸ್ಕ್" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sivilisasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ನಾರ್ವೇಜಿಯನ್ ನೈನಾರ್ಸ್ಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisasjon" title="Sivilisasjon – ನಾರ್ವೆಜಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಮಲ್" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sivilisasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ನಾರ್ವೆಜಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಮಲ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%259B%25DF%258F%25DF%25A1%25DF%2590%25DF%25AF%25DF%25A6%25DF%258A" title="ߛߏߡߐ߯ߦߊ – ಎನ್‌ಕೋ" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߏߡߐ߯ߦߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="ಎನ್‌ಕೋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion – ಒಸಿಟನ್" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Civilizacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ಒಸಿಟನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾ – ಪಂಜಾಬಿ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ಪಂಜಾಬಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisashon" title="Sivilisashon – ಪಪಿಯಾಮೆಂಟೊ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sivilisashon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ಪಪಿಯಾಮೆಂಟೊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cywilizacja" title="Cywilizacja – ಪೊಲಿಶ್" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cywilizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ಪೊಲಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilt%25C3%25A0" title="Siviltà – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siviltà" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DB%2581%25D8%25B0%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8" title="تہذیب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تہذیب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586" title="تمدن – ಪಾಷ್ಟೋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تمدن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ಪಾಷ್ಟೋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliza%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Civilização – ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Civilização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaykawsay" title="Hawaykawsay – ಕ್ವೆಚುವಾ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hawaykawsay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ಕ್ವೆಚುವಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliza%25C8%259Bie" title="Civilizație – ರೊಮೇನಿಯನ್" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Civilizație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ರೊಮೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ರಷ್ಯನ್" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ರಷ್ಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Цівілізація – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цівілізація" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ವಿಶೇಷ ಬರಹಗಳು"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಸಖಾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ಸಖಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%259C" title="ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ – ಸಂತಾಲಿ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ಸಂತಾಲಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B0%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8" title="تھذيب – ಸಿಂಧಿ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تھذيب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ಸಿಂಧಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – ಸರ್ಬೋ-ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ಸರ್ಬೋ-ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%25C9%25A3rma" title="Taɣrma – ಟಷೆಲ್‍ಹಿಟ್" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taɣrma" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ಟಷೆಲ್‍ಹಿಟ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25A0%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ශිෂ්ටාචාරය – ಸಿಂಹಳ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශිෂ්ටාචාරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ಸಿಂಹಳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Civilization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C3%25A1cia" title="Civilizácia – ಸ್ಲೋವಾಕ್" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Civilizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಲೋವಾಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – ಸ್ಲೋವೇನಿಯನ್" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಲೋವೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilbaxaysi" title="Ilbaxaysi – ಸೊಮಾಲಿ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ilbaxaysi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ಸೊಮಾಲಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qytet%25C3%25ABrimi" title="Qytetërimi – ಅಲ್ಬೇನಿಯನ್" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qytetërimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ಅಲ್ಬೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Цивилизација – ಸೆರ್ಬಿಯನ್" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цивилизација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ಸೆರ್ಬಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustaarabu" title="Ustaarabu – ಸ್ವಹಿಲಿ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ustaarabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ವಹಿಲಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="நாகரிகம் – ತಮಿಳು" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாகரிகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ತಮಿಳು" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B0%25A4" title="నాగరికత – ತೆಲುಗು" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాగరికత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ತೆಲುಗು" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="อารยธรรม – ಥಾಯ್" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารยธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ಥಾಯ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabihasnan" title="Kabihasnan – ಟ್ಯಾಗಲೋಗ್" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabihasnan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ಟ್ಯಾಗಲೋಗ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uygarl%25C4%25B1k" title="Uygarlık – ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uygarlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – ಟಾಟರ್" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ಟಾಟರ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA" title="مەدەنيەت – ಉಯಿಘರ್" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەدەنيەت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ಉಯಿಘರ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Цивілізація – ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цивілізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DB%2581%25D8%25B0%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8" title="تہذیب – ಉರ್ದು" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تہذیب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ಉರ್ದು" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaddun" title="Tamaddun – ಉಜ್ಬೇಕ್" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tamaddun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ಉಜ್ಬೇಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilt%25C3%25A0" title="Siviltà – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siviltà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C4%2583n_minh" title="Văn minh – ವಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಮೀಸ್" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn minh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ವಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಮೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C3%25A5cion" title="Civilizåcion – ವಾಲೂನ್" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Civilizåcion" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ವಾಲೂನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon" title="Sibilisasyon – ವರಾಯ್" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sibilisasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ವರಾಯ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xay" title="Xay – ವೋಲೋಫ್" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xay" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ವೋಲೋಫ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – ವು ಚೈನೀಸ್" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ವು ಚೈನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ცივილიზაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცივილიზაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2590%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="ציוויליזאציע – ಯಿಡ್ಡಿಶ್" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ציוויליזאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ಯಿಡ್ಡಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vwnzmingz" title="Vwnzmingz – ಝೂವಾಂಗ್" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vwnzmingz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ಝೂವಾಂಗ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – ಚೈನೀಸ್" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ಚೈನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25BBn-b%25C3%25AAng" title="Bûn-bêng – ನಾನ್" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-bêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ನಾನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – ಕ್ಯಾಂಟನೀಸ್" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ಕ್ಯಾಂಟನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-kn.svg" alt="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ" width="118" height="20" style="width: 7.375em; height: 1.25em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">ಈ ಪುಟವನ್ನು ೨ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪, ೦೫:೦೬ ರಂದು ಕೊನೆಯಾಗಿ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಲಾಯಿತು.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ ಮಾಡದಿದ್ದ ಹೊರತು ಪಠ್ಯ "<a 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