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</button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Lietotāja navigācija"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Civilizācija</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> sabiedrība ar salīdzinoši augstu attīstības pakāpi </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Valoda" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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title="Palīdzība:Atsauces">atsauces uz ārējiem avotiem</a>.</b> <br><small>Lūdzu, palīdzi <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCiviliz%25C4%2581cija%26action%3Dedit">uzlabot šo rakstu</a>, pievienojot vismaz dažas atsauces. Ja ir kādi ieteikumi, vari tos pievienot <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diskusija:Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Diskusija:Civilizācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">diskusijā</a>. Vairāk lasi <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:%C4%AAsa_lieto%C5%A1anas_pam%C4%81c%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Palīdzība:Īsa lietošanas pamācība">lietošanas pamācībā</a>.</small><br><small><i>Meklēt atsauces:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.google.lv/search?as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522Civiliz%25C4%2581cija%2522%26num%3D50">"Civilizācija"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://news.google.com/archivesearch?%26as_src%3D-newswire%2B-wire%2B-presswire%2B-PR%2B-release%2B-wikipedia%26q%3D%2522Civiliz%25C4%2581cija%2522">ziņas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.google.com/search?tbs%3Dbks:1%26q%3D%2522Civiliz%25C4%2581cija%2522">grāmatas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q%3D%2522Civiliz%25C4%2581cija%2522"><i>scholar</i></a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://images.google.com/images?safe%3Doff%26as_rights%3D(cc_publicdomain%257ccc_attribute%257ccc_sharealike%257ccc_noncommercial%257ccc_nonderived)%26q%3D%2522Civiliz%25C4%2581cija%2522">brīvi attēli</a></span></small> <div class="hide-when-compact"></div> <div class="hide-when-compact"></div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3201466">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text{text-align:left!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{display:inline-block}</style> <p>Zinātniskā un populārā literatūrā <b>civilizācijas</b> jēdziens tiek lietots dažādos kontekstos. Par vienu no izplatītākajiem var uzskatīt civilizācijas <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C4%93dziens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Jēdziens">jēdzienu</a> kā <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabiedr%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Sabiedrība">sabiedrību</a>, kura sasniegusi zināmu attīstības pakāpi un kuru vieno vēsturiska un kultūras kopība.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg/300px-Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg/450px-Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg/600px-Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sen%C4%81_%C4%92%C4%A3ipte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Senā Ēģipte">Senā Ēģipte</a>, agrīna civilizācija </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="lv" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Satura rādītājs</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Civiliz%C4%81cijas_krit%C4%93riji"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Civilizācijas kritēriji</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Eiropas_civiliz%C4%81cijas_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_posmi"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Eiropas civilizācijas attīstības posmi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Seno_civiliz%C4%81ciju_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_faktori_un_priek%C5%A1nosac%C4%ABjumi"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Seno civilizāciju attīstības faktori un priekšnosacījumi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Prim%C4%81rie_faktori"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Primārie faktori</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Klimata_veidi"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Klimata veidi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Multiline%C4%81r%C4%81_evol%C5%ABcija"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Multilineārā evolūcija</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Faktoru_lomas_izmai%C5%86as"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Faktoru lomas izmaiņas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Civiliz%C4%81cijas_paz%C4%ABmes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Civilizācijas pazīmes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Atsauces"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Atsauces</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%C4%80r%C4%93j%C4%81s_saites"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Ārējās saites</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Civilizācijas_kritēriji"><span id="Civiliz.C4.81cijas_krit.C4.93riji"></span>Civilizācijas kritēriji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Civilizācijas kritēriji" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viduslaiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Viduslaiki">Viduslaikos</a> vairums <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eiropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Eiropa">Eiropas</a> vēsturnieku civilizācijas jēdzienu saistīja pārsvarā ar <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reli%C4%A3ija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Reliģija">reliģiskiem</a> kritērijiem. Tā kā šajos gadsimtos sabiedrības apziņa lielā mērā bija reliģijas caurausta, tad arī <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C4%93zus_Kristus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Jēzus Kristus">Kristus</a> dzimšana tika uzskatīta par galveno notikumu cilvēces vēsturē. Iedziļinoties pat vissenākajā vēsturē un izvērtējot šo faktoru lomu, nākas secināt, ka tieši sabiedrības zināšanu līmenis, nepārtraukta jaunrade bija noteicošie faktori tajās civilizācijās, kuras piedzīvojušas ilgstošu uzplaukuma posmu. Un otrādi — apsīkstot šo faktoru darbībai, civilizācijas drīz vien nonākušas attīstības strupceļā, piedzīvojušas stagnāciju un sabrukumu, līdz pat pilnīgai izzušanai no vēstures arēnas.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eiropas_civilizācijas_attīstības_posmi"><span id="Eiropas_civiliz.C4.81cijas_att.C4.ABst.C4.ABbas_posmi"></span>Eiropas civilizācijas attīstības posmi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Eiropas civilizācijas attīstības posmi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Eiropas civilizācijas attīstībā vairums zinātnieku, piemēram, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normans_Deiviss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Normans Deiviss">Normans Deiviss</a>, nosacīti izdala trīs attīstības posmus vai ciklus. Pirmais ir pirmsvēsturiskais posms, kas beidzas ar <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egejas_civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Egejas civilizācija">Egejas civilizācijas</a> sabrukumu, otrs ir <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grie%C4%B7u_romie%C5%A1u_periods&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Grieķu romiešu periods (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">grieķu-romiešu periods</a>, trešais posms sākas pēc <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romas_imp%C4%93rija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Romas impērija">Romas impērijas</a> sabrukuma un turpinās mūsdienās. Līdz ar to var uzskatīt, ka Eiropas civilizācija pastāv apmēram piecus tūkstošus gadu — trīs tūkstošus pirms mūsu ēras un divus tūkstošus pēc.</p> <p>Plašāks par Eiropas ir Rietumu civilizācijas, jeb <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rietumu_kult%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Rietumu kultūra">Rietumu kultūras</a>, arī <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rietumu_pasaule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Rietumu pasaule">Rietumu pasaules</a>, jeb pavisam īsi — Rietumu — jēdziens. Tā kā civilizācijas jēdziens ir nosacīts, arī ģeogrāfiskās Rietumu civilizācijas robežas ir visai nosacītas. Bez Eiropas (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rietumeiropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Rietumeiropa">Rietumeiropa</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centr%C4%81leiropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Centrāleiropa">Centrāleiropa</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austrumeiropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Austrumeiropa">Austrumeiropa</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltijas_valstis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Baltijas valstis">Baltijas valstis</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCvalstis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ziemeļvalstis">Ziemeļvalstis</a>) tā ietver arī <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCamerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ziemeļamerika">Ziemeļameriku</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austr%C4%81lija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Austrālija">Austrāliju</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaunz%C4%93lande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Jaunzēlande">Jaunzēlandi</a>. Daudzos aspektos Rietumu kultūras kontekstā skatāmas arī <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jap%C4%81na?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Japāna">Japāna</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dienvidkoreja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Dienvidkoreja">Dienvidkoreja</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnas_Republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ķīnas Republika">Taivāna</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padomju_Savien%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Padomju Savienība">PSRS</a> līdz tās sabrukumam netika saistīta ar Rietumu civilizācijas jēdzienu. Baltijas valstis bija piederējušas Rietumu civilizācijai kopš to dibināšanas 1918. gadā. Taču pārējo bijušās PSRS, tagad patstāvīgo valstu, atbilstība šim jēdzienam ir visai neskaidra.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Seno_civilizāciju_attīstības_faktori_un_priekšnosacījumi"><span id="Seno_civiliz.C4.81ciju_att.C4.ABst.C4.ABbas_faktori_un_priek.C5.A1nosac.C4.ABjumi"></span>Seno civilizāciju attīstības faktori un priekšnosacījumi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Seno civilizāciju attīstības faktori un priekšnosacījumi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Primārie_faktori"><span id="Prim.C4.81rie_faktori"></span>Primārie faktori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Primārie faktori" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faktoru_anal%C4%ABze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Faktoru analīze">Faktoru analīze</a> un to ietekme uz civilizāciju attīstību mūsdienās ir viens no svarīgākajiem izpētes instrumentiem. Mūsdienu zinātne kā galvenos faktorus, kas nosaka cilvēku dzīvošanai piemērotas vides veidošanos, visbiežāk min šādus:</p> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klimats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Klimats">Klimats</a>; </dd> <dd> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augsne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Augsne">Augsne</a>; </dd> <dd> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aug%C4%81js?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Augājs">Augājs</a>. </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Klimata_veidi">Klimata veidi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Klimata veidi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Vēl senie <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grie%C4%B7i?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Grieķi">grieķi</a> tiem zināmo pasauli bija sadalījuši trīs galvenajās joslās atkarībā no raksturīgajiem dabas apstākļiem. Par kritēriju šādai dalīšanai kalpoja gaisa <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Temperatūra">temperatūra</a>, izdalot tropiskās, mērenās un aukstās (polārās) joslas. Grieķi neizdalīja mitrumu kā atsevišķu kritēriju. Kombinējot šos faktorus, var izdalīt dažādus klimatu veidus. Praksē bieži sastopami pieci galvenie klimatu veidi ar vairākiem paveidiem (biomām) katrā. Tie ir:</p> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arktika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Arktika">Arktisks</a> (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tundra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tundra">tundra</a>); </dd> <dd> Auksts (skuju koku meži, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Taiga">taiga</a>); </dd> <dd> Vēss (jauktie meži, pļavas); </dd> <dd> Silts (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vidusj%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Vidusjūra">Vidusjūras</a> un tropiskie augi un platlapju meži); </dd> <dd> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tropi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tropi">Tropisks</a> (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuksnesis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tuksnesis">tuksnesis</a>, tropiskas pļavas (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savanna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Savanna">savanna</a>), <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C5%BEung%C4%BCi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Džungļi">džungļi</a>, tropiskie <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=M%C5%AB%C5%BEza%C4%BCie_me%C5%BEi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Mūžzaļie meži (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mūžzaļie meži</a>). </dd> </dl> <p>Šie apkārtējās vides nosacījumi — faktori un klimatu veidi — bija galvenie, no kuriem bija atkarīgs, kad tajā vai citā vidē varēja ierasties pirmie cilvēki un sākt to apdzīvot, kā arī, kādi varēja būt cilvēku <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabiedr%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Sabiedrība">sabiedrības</a> attīstības tempi. Jo augstāku attīstības līmeni sasniedza konkrēto vidi apdzīvojošā cilvēku <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popul%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Populācija">populācija</a>, jo vairāk parādījās jauni papildu faktori, ko šī populācija radīja pati kā <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaunievedums?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Jaunievedums">jaunievedumus</a> un kas arvien vairāk mazināja pirmatnējo dabas faktoru noteicošo lomu.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Multilineārā_evolūcija"><span id="Multiline.C4.81r.C4.81_evol.C5.ABcija"></span>Multilineārā evolūcija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Multilineārā evolūcija" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Pēdējos gados civilizācijas attīstības pētīšanā arvien plašāk tiek lietota multilineārā <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evol%C5%ABcijas_teorija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Evolūcijas teorija">evolūcijas teorija</a>. Ar to tiek saprasta sabiedrības attīstība vienlaikus dažādos virzienos. Citiem vārdiem, katra sabiedrība virzās pa savu evolūcijas ceļu, piemērojoties mainīgajiem apkārtējās vides nosacījumiem un veidojot <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tehnolo%C4%A3ija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tehnoloģija">tehnoloģiskas</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saimniec%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Saimniecība">saimnieciskas</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Soci%C4%81ls&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Sociāls (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sociālas</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Politika">politiskas</a> u.c. <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Instit%C5%ABcija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Institūcija">institūcijas</a>, līdz ar to piemērojoties arī pašas sabiedrības darbībā radušamies sekām.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pētījumi liecina, ka agrīnās civilizācijas parādījušās, pielāgojušās un attīstījušās visai plašā apkārtējās vides nosacījumu spektrā. Vides veidi, kuros cilvēki izplatījušies, aptver auglīgas upju ielejas un tuksnešu piejūras reģionus. Tai pat laikā virkne nosacījumu bijuši stingri determinēti. Tā cilvēku <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ku_migr%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilvēku migrācija">migrāciju</a> un apmešanos ierobežoja ģeogrāfiski šķēršļi vai kaimiņi. Lai cilvēku izdzīvošana būtu iespējama, arī <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%81rtika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Pārtika">pārtikas</a> resursiem vajadzēja būt pietiekamā daudzumā, ar zināmu stabilitāti un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prognoze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Prognoze">prognozējamību</a>. Pat ja šie nosacījumi tika ievēroti, cilvēku <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popul%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Populācija">populācijai</a> skaitliski palielinoties, agri vai vēlu tika sasniegts līdzsvars starp pieejamās pārtikas daudzumu un iedzīvotāju skaitu. Šim skaitam turpinot palielināties, draudēja pārtikas vai citu resursu trūkums. Izeju parasti meklēja <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jaunievedums?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Jaunievedums">jaunievedumos</a> — ieviešot intensīvākas resursu ieguves metodes, racionālāk tos izmantojot. Tas veicināja <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darbar%C4%ABks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Darbarīks">darbarīku</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tehnolo%C4%A3ija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tehnoloģija">tehnoloģijas</a> pilnveidošanos, kā arī pašas sabiedrības dziļāku strukturizēšanos — nodarbošanās veidu <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diferenci%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Diferenciācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">diferenciāciju</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Specializ%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Specializēšanās (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">specializēšanos</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kooper%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="Kooperācija">kooperāciju</a>, jeb produktu un pakalpojumu apmaiņu.</p> <p>Tikpat kā visas lielākās senās civilizācijas bija izveidojušās lielu upju (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C4%ABla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Nīla">Nīla</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tigra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tigra">Tigra</a>—<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eifrata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Eifrata">Eifrata</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Inda">Inda</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huanhe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Huanhe">Huanhe</a>) ielejās un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Upes_delta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Upes delta">deltās</a>. Lai gan cilvēki visos, arī vēlākos laikos un pat mūsdienās savas apmešanās vietas cenšas ierīkot ūdens tuvumā, šo upju ielejas bija raksturīgas ar to, ka:</p> <ul> <li>līdzenumi un ielejas, pa kurām plūda šīs upes, regulāri pārplūda, atstājot pēc kārtējās ūdens līmeņa nokrišanās jaunu bagātu <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sane%C5%A1u_sl%C4%81%C5%86i&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Sanešu slāņi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sanešu slāni</a>, kas nepārtraukti uzturēja augstā līmenī zemes <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ra%C5%BE%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Ražība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ražību</a>;</li> <li>papildinot upes un to pietekas ar <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kan%C4%81ls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Kanāls">kanāliem</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aizsprosts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Aizsprosts">dambjiem</a>, t.i. ierīkojot mākslīgu <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ap%C5%ABde%C5%86o%C5%A1ana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Apūdeņošana">apūdeņošanas</a> sistēmu, bija iespējams upju caurteci lielā mērā regulēt, stabilizējot tādā veidā ikgadējās ražas un padarot drošākus dzīves apstākļus upju ielejās un līdzenumos;</li> <li>tās bija bagātas ar zivīm, kas bija papildu iztikas avots un ļāva upju ieleju iedzīvotājiem izdzīvot, pat ja gadījās <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lauksaimniec%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Lauksaimniecība">lauksaimniecībai</a> nelabvēlīgi gadi (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dabas_stihija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabas stihija">dabas stihijas</a> u.c.);</li> <li>upes gatavā veidā piedāvāja ērtus, dabīgus <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%AAdensce%C4%BC%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Ūdensceļš (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ūdensceļus</a>, kas nodrošināja cilvēku un kravu pārvietošanu lielos attālumos bez lielas piepūles. Dabīgā ūdens <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infrastrukt%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Infrastruktūra">infrastruktūra</a> nodrošināja arī visas zemes integritāti — kļuva iespējams, bet sākoties apūdeņošanas sistēmu attīstībai, parādījās arī nepieciešamība <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centraliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Centralizācija">centralizēt</a> svarīgākās sabiedrības funkcijas speciāli tam izveidotā valsts pārvaldes aparātā. Līdz ar to lielāko pirmseiropas perioda impēriju teritorijas parasti iekļāvās upju baseinos;</li> <li>parasti bija bagātas arī ar celtniecības materiāliem un derīgajiem izrakteņiem — <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Var%C5%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Varš">vara</a> rūdām, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akme%C5%86ogles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Akmeņogles">oglēm</a> u.c., vai arī tie bijuši pieejami, izmantojot dabīgos ūdensceļus;</li> <li><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klimats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Klimats">klimats</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Temperatūra">temperatūras</a> režīms upju ielejās un tām pieguļošos līdzenumos pirms vairākiem tūkstošiem gadu bija pārsvarā mērens, mitrs un maigs. Tas bija optimāls gan cilvēka pašsajūtai, gan lauksaimniecībai.</li> </ul> <p>Civilizācijas attīstībai īpaši svarīga bija augstāk minēto faktoru organiska kombinācija. Piemēram, bagāta <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Melnzeme&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Melnzeme (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">melnzemes</a> josla, kas pēc kvalitātes nebija daudz sliktāka par Nīlas vai Tigras un Eifratas zemēm, citur Eiropā bija tikai <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Ukraina">Ukrainā</a> un vairākos <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dienvidkrievija&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Dienvidkrievija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dienvidkrievijas</a> apgabalos (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stavropole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Stavropole">Stavropole</a>, <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krasnodara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Krasnodara">Krasnodara</a> u.c.). Tomēr, lai gan <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Volga">Volgas</a> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Dona">Donas</a> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stepe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Stepe">stepēs</a> bija izveidojusies <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kurg%C4%81nu_kult%C5%ABra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Kurgānu kultūra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Kurgānu kultūra</a>, tā attīstības pakāpes ziņā nebija salīdzināma ar seno upju ieleju civilizācijām. Galvenais iemesls bija tas, ka uz ziemeļiem no <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meln%C4%81_j%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Melnā jūra">Melnās</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaspijas_j%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Kaspijas jūra">Kaspijas jūrām</a>, nemaz nerunājot par seno <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Balti">baltu</a> apdzīvotajām teritorijām ar centru <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C5%86epra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Dņepra">Dņepras</a> vidustecē, klimats pirms mūsu ēras vēl bija par vēsu, lai lietojot tolaik zināmo lauksaimniecības tehniku un tehnoloģiju, būtu iespējams iegūt pietiekamu pārtikas pārpalikumu, kas nodrošinātu lielāku iedzīvotāju skaita pieaugumu un pilsētu veidošanos.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Faktoru_lomas_izmaiņas"><span id="Faktoru_lomas_izmai.C5.86as"></span>Faktoru lomas izmaiņas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Faktoru lomas izmaiņas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Civilizācijai atrodoties nepārtrauktā attīstības procesā, mainījusies arī dažādu faktoru nozīme, kas šo attīstību veicinājuši vai bremzējuši. Piemēram, agrīnās Eiropas civilizācijas, tai skaitā arī Latvijas un citu tautu attīstības stadijā svarīgākā nozīme bijusi dabīgajiem ģeogrāfiskajiem faktoriem — saules siltumam, zemes ražībai, mitruma pietiekamībai, dabīgai infrastruktūrai un tml. Cilvēciskajam faktoram — pirmiedzīvotājiem un, pat vēl agrāk — pirmcilvēkiem, bija pakārtota loma. Cilvēks vēl atradās visai primitīvā attīstības pakāpē, cilvēku dzīves ilgums bija ļoti īss.</p> <p>Civilizācijai progresējot, cilvēks arvien vairāk attīstīja pats sevi un pārveidoja apkārtējo vidi. Tādējādi mainijās dažādu faktoru loma tautu un valstu attīstībā. Klimatiskie un ģeogrāfiskie mūsdienu cilvēka dzīves nosacījumi joprojām ir ļoti svarīgi, bet ne tik kritiski, kā tas bija vēl pirms dažiem simtiem gadu, nemaz nerunājot par senāku vēsturi. Sabiedrības attīstības tendences arvien vairāk nosaka pati sabiedrība, tās rīcība kā svarīgākais šo tendenču ietekmējošs faktors.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Civilizācijas_pazīmes"><span id="Civiliz.C4.81cijas_paz.C4.ABmes"></span>Civilizācijas pazīmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Civilizācijas pazīmes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li>Dzīve <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pils%C4%93ta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Pilsēta">pilsētās</a></li> <li>Sadzīves organizācijas <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valsts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Valsts">valstīs</a></li> <li><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ties%C4%ABbas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Tiesības">Tiesības</a></li> <li>Armija</li> <li><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rakst%C4%ABba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Rakstība">Rakstība</a></li> <li><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monument%C4%81l%C4%81_celtniec%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Monumentālā celtniecība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Monumentālā celtniecība</a></li> <li>Komplicēta reliģisko uzskatu un rituālu sistēma (<a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reli%C4%A3ija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Reliģija">Reliģija</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zin%C4%81tne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Zinātne">Zinātne</a> un <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kult%C5%ABra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Kultūra">kultūra</a></li> <li>Sarežģīta sociālā struktūra</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliz%C4%81cija?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fagan Brian M. World Prehistory, 1999.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>labot šo sadaļu</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multivides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Civilizations" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Civilizations">Civilizācija</a></b></i>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/civilization"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/civilisation/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.worldhistory.org/civilization/">Pasaules vēstures enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCiviliz%C4%81cija%26oldid%3D4212406">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civilizācija&oldid=4212406</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://lv-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Civiliz%C4%81cija&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Meistars Joda" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1737474275"> <span>Pēdējoreiz labots 2025. gada 21. janvāris 17.44</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Valodas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskawing" title="Beskawing – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Beskawing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisation" title="Zivilisation – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zivilisation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A5%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%258C%25A3%25E1%258A%2594" title="ሥልጣኔ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥልጣኔ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folctil%25C3%25BE" title="Folctilþ – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Folctilþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="حضارة – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حضارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="حضارة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حضارة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="حضاره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حضاره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – avāru" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasiya" title="Sivilizasiya – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sivilizasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586" title="تمدون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تمدون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C4%2597v%25C4%2597l%25C4%2597zac%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Cėvėlėzacėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cėvėlėzacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon" title="Sibilisasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sibilisasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Цывілізацыя – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цывілізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Цывілізацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цывілізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="সভ্যতা – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সভ্যতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevenadurezh" title="Sevenadurezh – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sevenadurezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradapan" title="Paradapan – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Paradapan" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB" title="Эргэншэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эргэншэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilitzaci%25C3%25B3" title="Civilització – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Civilització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Цивилизаци – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цивилизаци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon" title="Sibilisasyon – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sibilisasyon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258E%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="شارستانێتی – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارستانێتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizace" title="Civilizace – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Civilizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwareiddiad" title="Gwareiddiad – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwareiddiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisation" title="Zivilisation – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zivilisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasyon" title="Sivilizasyon – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sivilizasyon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Πολιτισμός – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Civilization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizo" title="Civilizo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Civilizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsivilisatsioon" title="Tsivilisatsioon – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsivilisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zibilizazio" title="Zibilizazio – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zibilizazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586" title="تمدن – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تمدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisaatio" title="Sivilisaatio – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sivilisaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsivilisats%2527uun" title="Tsivilisats'uun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsivilisats'uun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisacion" title="Civilisacion – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Civilisacion" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beskaving" title="Beskaving – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Beskaving" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasyon" title="Sivilizasyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sivilizasyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaci%25C3%25B3n" title="Civilización – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Civilización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet%25C3%25A3ngatu" title="Tetãngatu – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetãngatu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AA%2582%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AB%2583%25E0%25AA%25A4%25E0%25AA%25BF" title="સંસ્કૃતિ – gudžaratu" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સંસ્કૃતિ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukunhunhun" title="Nukunhunhun – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Nukunhunhun" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayewa" title="Wayewa – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wayewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25B9n-m%25C3%25ACn" title="Vùn-mìn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vùn-mìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="ציוויליזציה – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציוויליזציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabhyata" title="Sabhyata – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sabhyata" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilizasyon" title="Sivilizasyon – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sivilizasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C3%25A1ci%25C3%25B3" title="Civilizáció – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Civilizáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2580%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Քաղաքակրթություն – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքակրթություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peradaban" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasion" title="Sibilisasion – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sibilisasion" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Цивилизаци – ingušu" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Цивилизаци" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C3%25B0menning" title="Siðmenning – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Siðmenning" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilt%25C3%25A0" title="Civiltà – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Civiltà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siblaizieshan" title="Siblaizieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Siblaizieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Peradaban" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ცივილიზაცია – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცივილიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizaciya" title="Civilizaciya – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Civilizaciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%2590sakuliye" title="Ɛsakuliye – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsakuliye" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tat-a%25CC%25B1ghyi" title="Tat-a̱ghyi – katabu" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tat-a̱ghyi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="katabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B0%25D2%2593%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_(%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D1%2596)_%25D3%25A9%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Шағын (жергілікті) өркениеттер – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шағын (жергілікті) өркениеттер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259E%2592%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259F%258C" title="អរិយធម៌ – khmeru" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អរិយធម៌" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%2580%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ನಾಗರೀಕತೆ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಗರೀಕತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Civilization" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25AC%25B8%25EB%25AA%2585" title="문명 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – karačaju un balkāru" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karačaju un balkāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%259Earistan%25C3%25AE" title="Şaristanî – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şaristanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwarheans" title="Hwarheans – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hwarheans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultus_humanus" title="Cultus humanus – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cultus humanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisatioun" title="Zivilisatioun – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zivilisatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besjaving" title="Besjaving – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Besjaving" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilizazzion" title="Zivilizazzion – lombardiešu" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zivilizazzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%258D%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%25B3" title="ອາລະຍະທຳ – laosiešu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາລະຍະທຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifomba" title="Haifomba – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haifomba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Цивилизација – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цивилизација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25A4" title="നാഗരികത – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാഗരികത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BE%25D1%2591%25D0%25BB_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB" title="Соёл иргэншил – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Соёл иргэншил" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A9%25EA%25AF%2586%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%258E%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259C" title="ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎꯔꯣꯜ – manipūru" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯩꯆꯥꯎꯔꯣꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipūru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamadun" title="Tamadun – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tamadun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebliza%25C3%25A7on" title="Ceblizaçon – mirandiešu" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ceblizaçon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D1%2588%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE" title="Ошондямо – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ошондямо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zivilisatschoon" title="Zivilisatschoon – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zivilisatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="लहना – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लहना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beschaving" title="Beschaving – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beschaving" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisasjon" title="Sivilisasjon – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sivilisasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisasjon" title="Sivilisasjon – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sivilisasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%259B%25DF%258F%25DF%25A1%25DF%2590%25DF%25AF%25DF%25A6%25DF%258A" title="ߛߏߡߐ߯ߦߊ – nko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߏߡߐ߯ߦߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Civilizacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilisashon" title="Sivilisashon – papjamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sivilisashon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papjamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cywilizacja" title="Cywilizacja – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cywilizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilt%25C3%25A0" title="Siviltà – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Siviltà" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DB%2581%25D8%25B0%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8" title="تہذیب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تہذیب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586" title="تمدن – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تمدن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliza%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Civilização – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Civilização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaykawsay" title="Hawaykawsay – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hawaykawsay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliza%25C8%259Bie" title="Civilizație – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Civilizație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Цівілізація – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цівілізація" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सभ्यता – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%259C" title="ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B0%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8" title="تھذيب – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تھذيب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%25C9%25A3rma" title="Taɣrma – šilhu" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taɣrma" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="šilhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25A0%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ශිෂ්ටාචාරය – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශිෂ්ටාචාරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Civilization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C3%25A1cia" title="Civilizácia – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Civilizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Civilizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilbaxaysi" title="Ilbaxaysi – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ilbaxaysi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qytet%25C3%25ABrimi" title="Qytetërimi – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qytetërimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Цивилизација – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цивилизација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilisation" title="Civilisation – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Civilisation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustaarabu" title="Ustaarabu – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ustaarabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="நாகரிகம் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாகரிகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B0%25A4" title="నాగరికత – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాగరికత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="อารยธรรม – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารยธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabihasnan" title="Kabihasnan – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabihasnan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uygarl%25C4%25B1k" title="Uygarlık – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uygarlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Цивилизация – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Цивилизация" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA" title="مەدەنيەت – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەدەنيەت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Цивілізація – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цивілізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DB%2581%25D8%25B0%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8" title="تہذیب – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تہذیب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaddun" title="Tamaddun – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tamaddun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilt%25C3%25A0" title="Siviltà – venēciešu" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siviltà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venēciešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C4%2583n_minh" title="Văn minh – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn minh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliz%25C3%25A5cion" title="Civilizåcion – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Civilizåcion" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon" title="Sibilisasyon – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sibilisasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xay" title="Xay – volofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xay" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="ცივილიზაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცივილიზაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2590%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="ציוויליזאציע – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ציוויליזאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vwnzmingz" title="Vwnzmingz – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vwnzmingz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25BBn-b%25C3%25AAng" title="Bûn-bêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-bêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="文明 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文明" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> 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