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to climate change</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2021-07-20T00:00:00Z">July 20, 2021</time> | Report</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-9"><span> </span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/our-people/brodie-boland" class="mdc-c-link-inline___7DRrt_2734c4f mdc-c-link-inline--secondary___YKoOK_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Brodie Boland</span></a> </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Elizabeth Charchenko </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Stefan Knupfer<span> </span></span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/our-people/shivika-sahdev" class="mdc-c-link-inline___7DRrt_2734c4f mdc-c-link-inline--secondary___YKoOK_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Shivika Sahdev</span></a></span></span></div><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11 ArticleContent_mck-c-article-content__share-tools__kWRRw"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">Research identifies 15 proven ways that urban areas around the world can adapt to climate risk.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__iFmyt mck-o-xs-right-span"><div data-layer-region="downloads-right-rail"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f"></h3><div><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="#/download/%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fmckinsey%2Fbusiness%20functions%2Fsustainability%2Four%20insights%2Fhow%20cities%20can%20adapt%20to%20climate%20change%2Ffocused-adaptation-a-strategic-approach-to-climate-adaptation-in-cities-vf.pdf%3FshouldIndex%3Dfalse" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__download-link__fPqFQ mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f" target="_self" data-layer-event-prefix="Download Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-report-type="" data-layer-file-name="focused-adaptation-a-strategic-approach-to-climate-adaptation-in-cities-vf" data-layer-report-name="focused-adaptation-a-strategic-approach-to-climate-adaptation-in-cities-vf>"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-download-icon"></span><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f"> (49 pages)</span></a></div></div></div></div> <p><strong>Cities are on the front lines</strong> of the growing physical risks associated with climate change.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="49b79e60-2136-45b7-ab53-01b091c8149a"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">1</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="49b79e60-2136-45b7-ab53-01b091c8149a" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“Physical risks associated with climate change” refer to the direct and indirect losses expected to be incurred by assets, people, and services because of climate change.</span></span></span></a></span> They are home to more than half of the world’s people, and by 2050, that figure is projected to rise to 68 percent.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="39c621d8-2b5e-41a4-97ec-4507ed5b7187"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">2</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="39c621d8-2b5e-41a4-97ec-4507ed5b7187" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN,” United Nations, May 16, 2018, un.org.</span></span></span></a></span> Urban areas are often located in places of particular climate risk, such as on coastlines, floodplains, and islands. Moreover, modern urban infrastructure and its operating systems are closely connected. A failure in one part of a network can affect another, multiplying the damage. Flooded roads, for example, can damage links to public transport. Storm surges and extreme heat can lead to power outages that knock out the technology systems critical to homes, hospitals, and industries.</p>  <p>Given existing greenhouse-gas emissions, some climate change is already locked in, making such risks unavoidable. To protect the lives and livelihoods of urban residents, the imperative is to adapt—and to start now. <a href="/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/climate-risk-and-response-physical-hazards-and-socioeconomic-impacts">Climate change</a> could increase the severity and frequency of extreme heat, flooding, drought, and wildfires—the specific hazards addressed in this report.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="03a70955-88ee-4156-9970-3799f6b722f1"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">3</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="03a70955-88ee-4156-9970-3799f6b722f1" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>The future we don’t want: How climate change could impact the world’s greatest cities</em>, a joint report from Acclimatise, C40 Cities Climate Leadership, Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, and Urban Climate Change Research Network, February 2018, c40.org.</span></span></span></a></span> More than 90 percent of all urban areas are coastal; by 2050, more than 800 million urban residents could be affected by sea-level rise and coastal flooding.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="c4b52411-71a0-4e3e-a522-ab406bf93b4e"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">4</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="c4b52411-71a0-4e3e-a522-ab406bf93b4e" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Based on analysis of 2,586 global cities by C40 Cities Climate Leadership.</span></span></span></a></span> In addition, 1.6 billion people could be vulnerable to chronic extreme heat (up from 200 million today), and 650 million could face water scarcity.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="74d66fa7-217b-4eea-b304-262cd19c11ba"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">5</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="74d66fa7-217b-4eea-b304-262cd19c11ba" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>The future we don’t want</em>, February 2018.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>Because different cities face different climate risks and have varying levels of vulnerability, adaptation options that are effective in most may not be feasible in others. To manage that complexity, cities can concentrate on actions that play to their strengths (in resources, physical features and assets, and jurisdictional control) and offer a high return in risk reduction. Identifying such high-impact adaptations can be daunting, given the steadily developing nature of the climate threat and the dizzying array of adaptation options available.</p> <p>This report, cowritten with C40 Cities Climate Leadership, a network of large cities that are committed to addressing climate change, seeks to help leaders set priorities and choose courses of action. It identifies a starting list of 15 high-potential actions that can work for many types of cities. The actions were chosen on the basis of three main sources: C40 Cities Climate Leadership and McKinsey analysis, consultation with adaptation experts and city leaders, and an extensive literature review.</p> <p>There are two parts to the report. The first sets out the 15 actions. Four of them build systemic resilience, meaning they strengthen all kinds of cities. The other 11 are hazard specific, meaning they target particular physical climate risks. Some of the 15 actions, such as building barriers to protect coastal areas and retrofitting infrastructure, are complex and expensive. Others, such as planting trees next to streets and initiating behavioral-change programs to conserve water, aren’t. Examples from all over the world, in both advanced and developing economies, demonstrate what’s possible.</p> <p>The second part of the report describes, in broad terms, how cities can implement the actions. We suggest that they begin by defining the most relevant hazards and by understanding the risks those hazards pose to their communities. On that basis, cities can then conduct detailed analyses of the risk-reduction impact, costs, and feasibility of different actions.</p> <p>Several important themes emerge from the research. First, nature-based solutions—such as planting trees next to streets, river-catchment management, and sustainable urban-drainage solutions—are among the most attractive actions because of their impact on reducing risks and their feasibility. Nature-based solutions also often provide benefits beyond adaptation in areas such as decarbonization, economic growth, and health.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="013bbc3f-045d-48df-a6c5-da3dc464dce0"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">6</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="013bbc3f-045d-48df-a6c5-da3dc464dce0" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Adapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience</em>, Global Center on Adaptation, September 13, 2019, gca.org.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>Second, cities can invest in actions that increase resilience systemically, in addition to adapting to specific and immediate hazards. Systemic resilience includes increasing awareness of physical climate risks, incorporating risk awareness and preparedness into city processes, optimizing emergency responses, and enhancing financial and insurance programs.</p> <p>Third, there’s an important equity element to climate-risk adaptation. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, low-income communities, some minority groups, people with disabilities, and women, may be at higher risk for climate-related damage. For example, continued rapid urbanization is leading to increased populations in informal settlements.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="2dd9fb2d-0f9e-4490-b27d-eb1060352434"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">7</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="2dd9fb2d-0f9e-4490-b27d-eb1060352434" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Aromar Revi et al., “Urban areas,” <em>Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability, Part A: Global and sectoral aspects</em>, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014, ipcc.ch.</span></span></span></a></span> They often lack the resources and adaptive capacity to withstand major events, such as floods and extreme heat.</p> <hr/> <p>Climate risk directly affects people (health, livability, and workability), assets (businesses, homes, and hospitals), and services (energy and food supply). This report can serve as a starting point to help cities develop their agendas for adaptation. Leaders will need to go deeper as they work out their strategies. Local knowledge is critical to success.</p> <p>At the same time, <a href="/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/ten-key-requirements-for-a-systemic-approach-to-climate-adaptation">climate adaptation</a> is one of many competing priorities, and urban resources are limited. By identifying the most effective and feasible actions, cities can focus on executing them well and build momentum to do more. This report is a call to action—focused action. We hope that it will help cities play an important role in making swifter, surer progress toward a healthy and sustainable future.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xl"><section role="contentinfo" data-layer-region="article-about-authors" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 AboutAuthor_mck-c-about-author__nRJzu"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center"></h5><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-8 mck-u-links-inline mck-u-links-inline--secondary mdc-u-mt-5"><div><p><strong><a href="/our-people/brodie-boland">Brodie Boland</a></strong> is a partner in McKinsey’s Washington, DC, office; <strong>Elizabeth Charchenko</strong> is a 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href="/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/will-infrastructure-bend-or-break-under-climate-stress" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Will infrastructure bend or break under climate stress?</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"How cities can adapt to climate change","displayName":"How cities can adapt to climate change","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"f1587a8d-c319-4c57-9f46-e12c8c66c260","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"How cities can adapt to climate change"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":""},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Research identifies 15 proven ways that urban areas around the world can adapt to climate risk."}},"sEODescription":{"value":""},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"[[Audio 1]]\n[[DownloadsSidebar]]\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCities are on the front lines\u003c/strong\u003e of the growing physical risks associated with climate change.[[footnote 1]] They are home to more than half of the world\u0026rsquo;s people, and by 2050, that figure is projected to rise to 68 percent.[[footnote 2]] Urban areas are often located in places of particular climate risk, such as on coastlines, floodplains, and islands. Moreover, modern urban infrastructure and its operating systems are closely connected. A failure in one part of a network can affect another, multiplying the damage. Flooded roads, for example, can damage links to public transport. Storm surges and extreme heat can lead to power outages that knock out the technology systems critical to homes, hospitals, and industries.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[MostPopularArticles 5]]\n\u003cp\u003eGiven existing greenhouse-gas emissions, some climate change is already locked in, making such risks unavoidable. To protect the lives and livelihoods of urban residents, the imperative is to adapt\u0026mdash;and to start now. \u003ca href=\"/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/climate-risk-and-response-physical-hazards-and-socioeconomic-impacts\"\u003eClimate change\u003c/a\u003e could increase the severity and frequency of extreme heat, flooding, drought, and wildfires\u0026mdash;the specific hazards addressed in this report.[[footnote 3]] More than 90 percent of all urban areas are coastal; by 2050, more than 800 million urban residents could be affected by sea-level rise and coastal flooding.[[footnote 4]] In addition, 1.6 billion people could be vulnerable to chronic extreme heat (up from 200 million today), and 650 million could face water scarcity.[[footnote 5]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause different cities face different climate risks and have varying levels of vulnerability, adaptation options that are effective in most may not be feasible in others. To manage that complexity, cities can concentrate on actions that play to their strengths (in resources, physical features and assets, and jurisdictional control) and offer a high return in risk reduction. Identifying such high-impact adaptations can be daunting, given the steadily developing nature of the climate threat and the dizzying array of adaptation options available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis report, cowritten with C40 Cities Climate Leadership, a network of large cities that are committed to addressing climate change, seeks to help leaders set priorities and choose courses of action. It identifies a starting list of 15 high-potential actions that can work for many types of cities. The actions were chosen on the basis of three main sources: C40 Cities Climate Leadership and McKinsey analysis, consultation with adaptation experts and city leaders, and an extensive literature review.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are two parts to the report. The first sets out the 15 actions. Four of them build systemic resilience, meaning they strengthen all kinds of cities. The other 11 are hazard specific, meaning they target particular physical climate risks. Some of the 15 actions, such as building barriers to protect coastal areas and retrofitting infrastructure, are complex and expensive. Others, such as planting trees next to streets and initiating behavioral-change programs to conserve water, aren\u0026rsquo;t. Examples from all over the world, in both advanced and developing economies, demonstrate what\u0026rsquo;s possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second part of the report describes, in broad terms, how cities can implement the actions. We suggest that they begin by defining the most relevant hazards and by understanding the risks those hazards pose to their communities. On that basis, cities can then conduct detailed analyses of the risk-reduction impact, costs, and feasibility of different actions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral important themes emerge from the research. First, nature-based solutions\u0026mdash;such as planting trees next to streets, river-catchment management, and sustainable urban-drainage solutions\u0026mdash;are among the most attractive actions because of their impact on reducing risks and their feasibility. Nature-based solutions also often provide benefits beyond adaptation in areas such as decarbonization, economic growth, and health.[[footnote 6]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond, cities can invest in actions that increase resilience systemically, in addition to adapting to specific and immediate hazards. Systemic resilience includes increasing awareness of physical climate risks, incorporating risk awareness and preparedness into city processes, optimizing emergency responses, and enhancing financial and insurance programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, there\u0026rsquo;s an important equity element to climate-risk adaptation. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, low-income communities, some minority groups, people with disabilities, and women, may be at higher risk for climate-related damage. For example, continued rapid urbanization is leading to increased populations in informal settlements.[[footnote 7]] They often lack the resources and adaptive capacity to withstand major events, such as floods and extreme heat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr /\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClimate risk directly affects people (health, livability, and workability), assets (businesses, homes, and hospitals), and services (energy and food supply). This report can serve as a starting point to help cities develop their agendas for adaptation. Leaders will need to go deeper as they work out their strategies. Local knowledge is critical to success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the same time, \u003ca href=\"/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/ten-key-requirements-for-a-systemic-approach-to-climate-adaptation\"\u003eclimate adaptation\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;is one of many competing priorities, and urban resources are limited. By identifying the most effective and feasible actions, cities can focus on executing them well and build momentum to do more. This report is a call to action\u0026mdash;focused action. We hope that it will help cities play an important role in making swifter, surer progress toward a healthy and sustainable future.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"RegisteredUsers"},"value":{"value":"Registered Users"}}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Report"}},"hasSpecialReport":{"boolValue":false},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"externalPublication":{"value":""},"mobileReady":{"boolValue":true},"forClientsOnly":{"boolValue":false},"excludeFromClientLink":{"boolValue":false},"originalPublishDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z"}},"footnotes":{"value":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;Physical risks associated with climate change\u0026rdquo; refer to the direct and indirect losses expected to be incurred by assets, people, and services because of climate change.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN,\u0026rdquo; United Nations, May 16, 2018, un.org.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe future we don\u0026rsquo;t want: How climate change could impact the world\u0026rsquo;s greatest cities\u003c/em\u003e, a joint report from Acclimatise, C40 Cities Climate Leadership, Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate \u0026amp; Energy, and Urban Climate Change Research Network, February 2018, c40.org.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBased on analysis of 2,586 global cities by C40 Cities Climate Leadership.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe future we don\u0026rsquo;t want\u003c/em\u003e, February 2018.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience\u003c/em\u003e, Global Center on Adaptation, September 13, 2019, gca.org.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAromar Revi et al., \u0026ldquo;Urban areas,\u0026rdquo; \u003cem\u003eClimate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability, Part A: Global and sectoral aspects\u003c/em\u003e, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014, ipcc.ch.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},"contributoryPractice":{"targetItems":[{"displayName":"McKinsey Sustainability"}]},"aboutTheAuthors":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/brodie-boland\"\u003eBrodie Boland\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Washington, DC, office; \u003cstrong\u003eElizabeth Charchenko\u003c/strong\u003e is a consultant in the New York office, where \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/shivika-sahdev\"\u003eShivika Sahdev\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner; and \u003cstrong\u003eStefan Knupfer\u003c/strong\u003e is a senior partner in the Stamford office.\u003c/p\u003e"},"authors":{"targetItems":[{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"512D53F2E3DD44CB96CE30D963822056","name":"Brodie Boland","authorTitle":{"value":"Brodie Boland"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[{"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/brodie boland/brodie boland_fc-mask_profile_1536x1152.png","alt":"Brodie Boland"},"emailLinks":{"value":"Brodie_Boland@McKinsey.com"},"linkedInUrl":{"value":""},"description":{"value":"Helps leading real-estate organizations, infrastructure investors, and city governments prepare for the future, including by identifying and mitigating the risks from climate change"},"locations":{"targetItems":[{"name":"Washington DC","displayName":"Washington DC"}]},"firmTitle":{"value":"Partner"},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"Brodie Boland","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/brodie boland/brodie boland_fc-mask_headshot_988x741.png"},"url":{"path":"/our-people/brodie-boland"}}]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"4BC92E02B6654CEA8EE2DC97779C86DF","name":"Elizabeth Charchenko","authorTitle":{"value":"Elizabeth Charchenko"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"8B220A78DDE3485F890784AA49E2C7A2","name":"Stefan Knupfer","authorTitle":{"value":"Stefan Knupfer"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"24294E6DA9CF430594B562E5A81B8774","name":"Shivika Sahdev","authorTitle":{"value":"Shivika Sahdev"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[{"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/shivika sahdev/shivika_sahdev_profile_1536x1152.jpg","alt":"Shivika Sahdev"},"emailLinks":{"value":"Shivika_Sahdev@mckinsey.com"},"linkedInUrl":{"value":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivika-sahdev-53311913"},"description":{"value":"Leader in the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility serving clients on navigating disruptions relating to electric-mobility. She co-leads McKinsey’s work on EV Charging Infrastructure and sustainability in advanced industries"},"locations":{"targetItems":[{"name":"New York","displayName":"New York"}]},"firmTitle":{"value":"Partner"},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"Shivika Sahdev","src":"/~/media/mckinsey/our people/shivika sahdev/shivika_sahdev_headshot_988x741.jpg"},"url":{"path":"/our-people/shivika-sahdev"}}]}}]},"nonPartnerAuthors":{"targetItems":[]},"interactiveToUse":{"targetItem":null},"enableArticleComponents":{"boolValue":false},"relatedArticles":{"targetItems":[{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"A strategic approach to climate action in cities—focused acceleration"},"url":{"path":"/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/a-strategic-approach-to-climate-action-in-cities-focused-acceleration"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Report"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Report"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Prioritizing efforts in four areas could help cities achieve 90 to 100 percent of the emissions reductions needed by 2030."},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/our insights/a strategic approach to climate action in cities focused acceleration/a-strategic-approach-to-climate-action-in-cities_1536x1536_300.jpg","alt":"A strategic approach to climate action in cities—focused acceleration"},"heroImage":null,"thumbnailImage":null},{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":{"name":"MGI Research"}},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Can coastal cities turn the tide on rising flood risk?"},"url":{"path":"/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/can-coastal-cities-turn-the-tide-on-rising-flood-risk"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Coastal cities are on the front line of flooding. 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