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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the historical party, see <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Conservative Party of Canada (CPC; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Parti conservateur du Canada, PCC), colloquially known as the Tories or simply the Conservatives, is a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">federal</a> political party in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-leaning</a> parties, the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party</a> (PC Party) and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a>, the latter being the successor of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canadian</a>–based <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a>. The party sits at the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> to the right of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Canadian political spectrum</a>, with their federal rival, the centre-left <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>, positioned to their <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Encyclopedia-5">[2]</a> The Conservatives are defined as a "<a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a>" party, practising "brokerage politics"<a href="#cite_note-politics-8">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brooks2004-9">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2016c-10">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith2014-11">[7]</a> and welcoming a broad variety of members, including "<a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red Tories</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue Tories</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Wolak2014-12">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-BellKulchyski2013-13">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-GagnonTanguay2017-14">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-LewisEveritt2017-15">[11]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6495ED; border-bottom:2px solid #6495ED; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Conservative Party of Canada</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="fr">Parti conservateur du Canada</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_(2023-present).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_%282023-present%29.png/250px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_%282023-present%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_%282023-present%29.png/375px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_%282023-present%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_%282023-present%29.png/500px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_Logo_%282023-present%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="468"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">CPC PCC<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Stephen Barber</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy leaders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lantsman" title="Melissa Lantsman">Melissa Lantsman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Senate leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Don_Plett" title="Don Plett">Don Plett</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">House leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[c]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">December 7, 2003; 20 years ago (2003-12-07) (Historical: July 1, 1867)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">PC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">1800–66 Slater Street <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> K1P 5H1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 678,708<a href="#cite_note-4">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canadian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Regional affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democracy_Union" title="Asia Pacific Democracy Union">Asia Pacific Democracy Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Continental affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Latin_American_Parties" title="Union of Latin American Parties">Union of Latin American Parties</a> (associate party)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Blue" title="Political colour">Blue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 105<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">119 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conservative.ca">conservative.ca</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488523#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #6495ED;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> From <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> in 1867 until 1942, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">original Conservative Party of Canada</a> formed numerous governments and had multiple names. However, by 1942, the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservative Party. In the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 federal election</a>, the PC Party's Western Canadian support transferred to the Reform Party. When it became clear that neither the PC Party nor the Reform Party or Canadian Alliance (the latter being the successor to the Reform Party) could beat the incumbent Liberals that had governed since the 1993 election, an effort to <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_(Canada)" title="Unite the Right (Canada)">unite the right-of-centre parties</a> emerged. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the PCs merged, forming the Conservative Party of Canada. During the Conservative Party's governance of Canada from 2006 to 2015, its economic policies included reducing <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services_tax_(Canada)" title="Goods and services tax (Canada)">sales tax</a>, reducing <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_Canada" title="Income tax in Canada">income taxes</a>, reducing business taxes, <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balancing the national budget</a>, creating the <a href="/wiki/Tax-free_savings_account" title="Tax-free savings account">tax-free savings account</a> (TFSA), and creating the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Child_Benefit" title="Canada Child Benefit">Universal Child Care Benefit</a>. In social policy, the government eliminated the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Firearms_Registry" title="Canadian Firearms Registry">long-gun registry</a>, introduced <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing" title="Mandatory sentencing">mandatory minimum sentences</a> for violent crimes, raised the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> to 16 years of age, permitted the construction of <a href="/wiki/Pipelines_in_Canada" title="Pipelines in Canada">several pipelines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Kyoto_Protocol" title="Canada and the Kyoto Protocol">withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol</a>. The government also supported the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a>, negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement</a> (CETA), and negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (TPP).<a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a> Under its first leader, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, the party governed with two <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority governments</a> after the federal elections of <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>. It then won a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a> before being defeated in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a> by a majority Liberal government led by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>. Despite winning a plurality of the vote in each election, the party remained in opposition after losing the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> elections under its second and third leaders, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> was elected leader in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">2022 leadership election</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Predecessors">1.1 Predecessors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Foundation_and_early_history">1.2 Foundation and early history</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Inaugural_leadership_election">1.2.1 Inaugural leadership election</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Stephen_Harper_(2004%E2%80%932015)">1.3 Stephen Harper (2004–2015)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#In_opposition_(2004%E2%80%932006)">1.3.1 In opposition (2004–2006)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#In_government_(2006%E2%80%932015)">1.3.2 In government (2006–2015)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#In_opposition_(2015%E2%80%93present)">1.4 In opposition (2015–present)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#First_interim_leadership_(2015%E2%80%932017)">1.4.1 First interim leadership (2015–2017)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Andrew_Scheer_(2017%E2%80%932020)">1.4.2 Andrew Scheer (2017–2020)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Erin_O'Toole_(2020%E2%80%932022)">1.4.3 Erin O'Toole (2020–2022)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Second_interim_leadership_(2022)">1.4.4 Second interim leadership (2022)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Pierre_Poilievre_(2022%E2%80%93present)">1.4.5 Pierre Poilievre (2022–present)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Principles_and_policies">2 Principles and policies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Party_platform_and_policies">2.1 Party platform and policies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Culture">2.1.1 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Constitution">2.1.2 Constitution</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Economic_policy">2.1.3 Economic policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Environmental_regulation">2.1.4 Environmental regulation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Firearms">2.1.5 Firearms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Gender">2.1.6 Gender</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Foreign_policy">2.1.7 Foreign policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Healthcare_and_social_programs">2.1.8 Healthcare and social programs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Immigration">2.1.9 Immigration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Law-enforcement">2.1.10 Law-enforcement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Life_issues">2.1.11 Life issues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Military">2.1.12 Military</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Taxation_and_fiscal_policy">2.1.13 Taxation and fiscal policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Domestic_policies">2.2 Domestic policies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Economic_and_environmental_policies">2.3 Economic and environmental policies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Foreign_policy_2">2.4 Foreign policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Canadian_identity,_social_policies_and_immigration">2.5 Canadian identity, social policies and immigration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Law_and_order">2.6 Law and order</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Abortion">2.7 Abortion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Gun_ownership">2.8 Gun ownership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Regional_conservative_parties">3 Regional conservative parties</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Composition">4 Composition</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#National_Council">4.1 National Council</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Geography">4.2 Geography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Party_leadership">5 Party leadership</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Leader">5.1 Leader</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Deputy_Leader">5.2 Deputy Leader</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Party_presidents">5.3 Party presidents</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Parliamentary_Caucus">6 Parliamentary Caucus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#House_of_Commons">6.1 House of Commons</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Senate_Caucus">6.2 Senate Caucus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Conservative_leaders_in_the_Senate">6.2.1 Conservative leaders in the Senate</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Electoral_results">7 Electoral results</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Archival_holdings">11.1 Archival holdings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="History of the Conservative Party of Canada">History of the Conservative Party of Canada</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors">Predecessors</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predecessors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_A_Macdonald_(ca._1875).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg/170px-John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="763"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 216px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg/170px-John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="216" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg/255px-John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg/340px-John_A_Macdonald_%28ca._1875%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>, Prime Minister (1867–1873, 1878–1891), Canada's first Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal-Conservative Party, one of the party's predecessors.</figcaption></figure> The Conservative Party is political heir to a series of right-of-centre parties that have existed in Canada, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_Tories" title="Upper Canada Tories">Upper Canada Tories</a> of the nineteenth century. <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> and <a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier" title="George-Étienne Cartier">George-Étienne Cartier</a> later founded the <a href="/wiki/Liberal-Conservative_Party" title="Liberal-Conservative Party">Liberal-Conservative Party</a>. The party became known simply as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative Party</a> after 1873, and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party</a> after 1942. Like its historical predecessors and conservative parties in some other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth nations</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party of the United Kingdom</a>), members of the present-day Conservative Party of Canada are sometimes referred to as "Tories". The modern Conservative Party of Canada is also legal heir to the heritage of the historical conservative parties by virtue of assuming the assets and liabilities of the former <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party</a> upon the merger of 2003. In 1984, the Progressive Conservative Party's electoral fortunes made a massive upturn under its new leader, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>, who mustered a large coalition of westerners irritated over the Liberal government's <a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Program" title="National Energy Program">National Energy Program</a>, suburban and small-town Ontarians, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec nationalists">Quebec nationalists</a> who were angered over Quebec not having distinct status in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution of Canada</a> signed in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a> This led to a huge landslide victory for the Progressive Conservative Party. In the late 1980s and 1990s, federal conservative politics became split by the creation of a new western-based protest party, the populist and social conservative <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Preston_Manning" title="Preston Manning">Preston Manning</a>, the son of an <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Social_Credit_Party" title="Alberta Social Credit Party">Alberta Social Credit</a> premier, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Manning" title="Ernest Manning">Ernest Manning</a>. Westerners reportedly felt betrayed by the federal Progressive Conservative Party, seeing it as catering to Quebec and urban Ontario interests over theirs. In 1989, Reform made headlines in the political scene when its first <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">member of Parliament</a> (MP), <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Grey" title="Deborah Grey">Deborah Grey</a>, was elected in a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a> in Alberta, which was a shock to the PCs, who had almost complete electoral dominance over the province for years. Another defining event for western conservatives was when Mulroney accepted the results of an unofficial Senate election held in Alberta, which resulted in the appointment of a Reformer, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Waters" title="Stanley Waters">Stanley Waters</a>, to the Senate. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 election</a>, support for the Progressive Conservative Party collapsed, and the party's representation in the House of Commons dropped from an absolute majority of seats to only two. Meanwhile, the Reform Party took <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> and became the dominant conservative party in Canada. The problem of the split on the right was accentuated by Canada's <a href="/wiki/Single_member_plurality" class="mw-redirect" title="Single member plurality">single member plurality</a> electoral system, which resulted in numerous seats being won by the Liberal Party, even when the total number of votes cast for PC and Reform Party candidates was substantially in excess of the total number of votes cast for the Liberal candidate. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_history">Foundation and early history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation and early history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_(Canada)" title="Unite the Right (Canada)">Unite the Right (Canada)</a></div> In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> (formerly the Reform Party) and Progressive Conservative parties agreed to merge into the present-day Conservative Party. On October 15, 2003, after closed-door meetings were held by the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative Party, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> (then the leader of the Canadian Alliance) and <a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a> (then the leader of the Progressive Conservatives) announced the "'Conservative Party Agreement-in-Principle", thereby merging their parties to create the new Conservative Party of Canada. The parties reached a deal after several months of talks between two teams of emissaries, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Don Mazankowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Davis" title="Bill Davis">Bill Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loyola_Hearn" title="Loyola Hearn">Loyola Hearn</a> on behalf of the PCs, and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Speaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Speaker">Ray Speaker</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Gerry_St._Germain" title="Gerry St. Germain">Gerry St. Germain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Reid_(politician)" title="Scott Reid (politician)">Scott Reid</a> on behalf of the Alliance. On December 5, 2003, the agreement-in-principle was ratified by the membership of the Alliance by a margin of 96 percent to 4 percent in a national referendum conducted by postal ballot. On December 6, the PC Party held a series of regional conventions, at which delegates ratified the Agreement-in-Principle by a margin of 90% to 10%. On December 7, the new party was officially registered with <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a>. Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">John Lynch-Staunton</a>, a PC, was named interim leader, pending the outcome of the party's inaugural leadership election. The merger process was opposed by some elements in both parties. In the PCs in particular, the merger process resulted in organized opposition, and in a substantial number of prominent members refusing to join the new party. Former leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/David_Orchard" title="David Orchard">David Orchard</a> argued that his written agreement with <a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a>, which had been signed a few months earlier at the <a href="/wiki/2003_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="2003 Progressive Conservative leadership election">2003 Progressive Conservative Leadership convention</a>, excluded any such merger. Orchard announced his opposition to the merger before negotiations with the Canadian Alliance had been completed. Over the course of the following year, Orchard led an unsuccessful legal challenge to the merger of the two parties. In October and November, during the course of the PC party's process of ratifying the merger, three sitting Progressive Conservative MPs — <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bachand_(Progressive_Conservative_MP)" title="André Bachand (Progressive Conservative MP)">André Bachand</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Herron_(New_Brunswick_politician)" title="John Herron (New Brunswick politician)">John Herron</a> and former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> — announced they would not join the new Conservative Party caucus. In the months following the merger, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Borotsik" title="Rick Borotsik">Rick Borotsik</a>, who had been elected as Manitoba's only PC, became openly critical of the new party's leadership, while former leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a> and former Alliance leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Keith_Martin_(politician)" title="Keith Martin (politician)">Keith Martin</a> left the party. Brison, Herron and Martin ran for the Liberal Party in the next election, while Clark, Bachand and Borotsik retired. Three senators — <a href="/wiki/C._William_Doody" title="C. William Doody">William Doody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_K._Atkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman K. Atkins">Norman Atkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Murray" title="Lowell Murray">Lowell Murray</a> — declined to join the new party and continued to sit in the upper house as a <a href="/wiki/Rump_party" title="Rump party">rump</a> caucus of Progressive Conservatives, and a fourth (<a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Rivest" title="Jean-Claude Rivest">Jean-Claude Rivest</a>) soon left to sit as an independent. In February 2005, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin" title="Paul Martin">Paul Martin</a> appointed two anti-merger Progressive Conservatives, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Ruth" title="Nancy Ruth">Nancy Ruth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elaine_McCoy" title="Elaine McCoy">Elaine McCoy</a>, to the Senate. In March 2006, Nancy Ruth joined the new Conservative Party. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inaugural_leadership_election">Inaugural leadership election</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inaugural leadership election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2004_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election</a></div> In the immediate aftermath of the merger announcement, some Conservative activists hoped to recruit former Ontario premier <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris" title="Mike Harris">Mike Harris</a> for the leadership. Harris declined the invitation, as did <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> premier <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lord" title="Bernard Lord">Bernard Lord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> premier <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a>. Outgoing Progressive Conservative leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a> also announced he would not seek the leadership, as did former <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Representative_Caucus" title="Democratic Representative Caucus">Democratic Representative Caucus</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Chuck Strahl</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Jim Prentice</a>, who had been a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2003_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="2003 Progressive Conservative leadership election">2003 PC leadership contest</a>, entered the Conservative leadership race in mid-December but dropped out in mid-January because of an inability to raise funds so soon after his earlier leadership bid. In the end, there were three candidates in the party's <a href="/wiki/2004_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">first leadership election</a>: former <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Magna_International" title="Magna International">Magna International</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Ontario provincial PC</a> Cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a>. Voting took place on March 20, 2004. A total of 97,397 ballots were cast.<a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> Harper won on the first ballot with 56.2% of the vote; Stronach received 34.5%, and Clement received 9.4%.<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stephen_Harper_(2004–2015)">Stephen Harper (2004–2015)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stephen Harper (2004–2015)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_opposition_(2004–2006)">In opposition (2004–2006)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In opposition (2004–2006)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Two months after Harper's election as leader, Prime Minister Paul Martin called a <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">general election for June 28, 2004</a>. For the first time since the 1993 election, a Liberal government would have to deal with an opposition party that was generally seen as being able to form government. The Liberals attempted to counter this with an early election call, as this would give the Conservatives less time to consolidate their merger. During the first half of the campaign, polls showed a rise in support for the new party, leading some pollsters to predict the election of a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority</a> Conservative government. Momentum stalled after several Conservative candidates made controversial remarks about <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism in Canada">official bilingualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, allowing the Liberal Party to warn of a "hidden agenda". Ultimately, Harper's new Conservatives emerged from the election with a larger parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucus</a> of 99 MPs while the Liberals were reduced to a minority government of 135 MPs, twenty short of a majority. In 2005, some political analysts such as former Progressive Conservative pollster <a href="/wiki/Allan_Gregg" title="Allan Gregg">Allan Gregg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Chantal_H%C3%A9bert" title="Chantal Hébert">Chantal Hébert</a> suggested that the then-subsequent election could result in a Conservative government if the public were to perceive the Tories as emerging from the party's founding convention (then scheduled for March 2005 in Montreal) with clearly defined, moderate policies with which to challenge the Liberals. The convention provided the public with an opportunity to see the Conservative Party in a new light, appearing to have reduced the focus on its controversial social conservative agenda. It retained its fiscal conservative appeal by espousing tax cuts, smaller government, and more decentralization by giving the provinces more taxing powers and decision-making authority in joint federal-provincial programs. The party's law and order package was an effort to address rising homicide rates, which had gone up 12% in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> On November 24, 2005, Harper introduced a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> which, with the backing of the other two opposition parties, passed on November 28, 2005. This resulted in an <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">election scheduled for January 23, 2006</a>. The Conservatives started off the first month of the campaign by making a series of policy-per-day announcements, which included a <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goods and Services Tax (Canada)">Goods and Services Tax</a> reduction and a child-care allowance. These announcements played to Harper's strengths as a policy wonk,<a href="#cite_note-archive1-25">[21]</a> as opposed to the 2004 election and summer 2005 where he tried to overcome the perception that he was cool and aloof. Though his party showed only modest movement in the polls, Harper's personal approval numbers, which had always trailed his party's significantly, began to rise. In addition, the party also received more <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_Canadian_federal_election,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper endorsements in the Canadian federal election, 2006">newspaper endorsements</a> than in 2004.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On January 23, 2006, the Conservatives won 124 seats, compared to 103 for the Liberals. The results made the Conservatives the largest party in the 308-member House of Commons, enabling them to form a <a href="/wiki/Minority_governments_in_Canada" title="Minority governments in Canada">minority government</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_government_(2006–2015)">In government (2006–2015)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In government (2006–2015)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Stephen_Harper" title="Premiership of Stephen Harper">Premiership of Stephen Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Stephen_Harper_government" title="Domestic policy of the Stephen Harper government">Domestic policy of the Stephen Harper government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Stephen_Harper_government" title="Environmental policy of the Stephen Harper government">Environmental policy of the Stephen Harper government</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Stephen_Harper_government" title="Foreign policy of the Stephen Harper government">Foreign policy of the Stephen Harper government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg/170px-Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2190"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg/170px-Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg/255px-Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg/340px-Stephen_Harper_by_Remy_Steinegger_Infobox.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, prime minister (2006–2015)</figcaption></figure>On February 6, 2006, Harper and <a href="/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry" title="28th Canadian Ministry">his Cabinet</a> were sworn in. The Conservative Party confronted the <a href="/wiki/In_and_Out_scandal" title="In and Out scandal">In and Out scandal</a>, regarding improper election spending during the 2006 election. The government's <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2006 Canadian federal budget">first budget</a> produced a nearly $14 billion surplus, a number slightly greater than the Martin government. The budget also drastically increased military spending and scrapped funding for the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kelowna_Accord" title="Kelowna Accord">Kelowna Accord</a>. Later, the government introduced the <a href="/wiki/Tax-free_savings_account" title="Tax-free savings account">tax-free savings account</a> (TFSA). The government passed the <a href="/wiki/Veterans%27_Bill_of_Rights" title="Veterans' Bill of Rights">Veterans' Bill of Rights</a>, which guaranteed benefits for veterans from <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Affairs_Canada" title="Veterans Affairs Canada">Veterans Affairs Canada</a>, in addition to guaranteeing equality of veterans and referring to them as "special citizens". The government also passed the <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_nation_motion" title="Québécois nation motion">Québécois nation motion</a> which would "recognize <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a> within a united Canada." Despite its <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_Canada" title="Social conservatism in Canada">social conservative</a> past in the Canadian Alliance, the government did not attempt to reverse the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">same-sex marriage</a> law implemented by the Martin government nor did it attempt to make changes to <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">abortion laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> Deadlock between the Conservatives and the Liberals, the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> led to the calling of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">October 2008 federal election</a>, in which the Conservatives won a stronger minority. Shortly after, the Conservatives fought off a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_non-confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of non-confidence">vote of non-confidence</a> by <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Canadian_parliamentary_dispute" title="2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute">a potential governing coalition of opposition parties</a> by <a href="/wiki/Prorogation_in_Canada" title="Prorogation in Canada">proroguing parliament</a>. In his second term, Harper's government responded to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">global recession of 2007–2008</a> by introducing the <a href="/wiki/2009_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2009 Canadian federal budget">Economic Action Plan</a> that implemented major personal income tax cuts. However, these tax cuts, along with increases in spending to combat the financial crisis, grew the <a href="/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">deficit</a> to $55.6 billion – Canada's largest federal deficit up to that time.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> A March 2011 non-confidence vote that found the Harper government to be in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Contempt of Parliament">contempt of Parliament</a> dissolved <a href="/wiki/40th_Canadian_Parliament" title="40th Canadian Parliament">Parliament</a> and triggered <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">an election</a>. In this election, the Conservatives won a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a>. The Harper government withdrew Canada from the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> and repealed the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Firearms_Registry" title="Canadian Firearms Registry">long-gun registry</a>. In foreign policy, the government passed the <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_Act,_2015" title="Anti-terrorism Act, 2015">Anti-terrorism Act</a>, launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Operation Impact</a> to combat <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a>, negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement">Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement</a> (CETA) with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (TPP). The Conservatives also gained controversy surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Senate_expenses_scandal" title="Canadian Senate expenses scandal">Canadian Senate expenses scandal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election_voter_suppression_scandal" title="2011 Canadian federal election voter suppression scandal">Robocall scandal</a>; the latter involved <a href="/wiki/Robocall" title="Robocall">robocalls</a> and real-person calls that were designed to result in <a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">voter suppression</a> in the 2011 election. In economic policy, the government launched <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Global_Markets_Action_Plan" title="Canada's Global Markets Action Plan">Canada's Global Markets Action Plan</a> to generate employment opportunities for Canadians by expanding Canadian businesses and investment in other countries, and <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balanced the budget</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Canadian_federal_budget" title="2014 Canadian federal budget">2014 federal budget</a>, producing a minor deficit of $550 million. In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, after nearly a decade in power, the Conservatives were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> and his Liberal Party. Harper stepped down as leader on the election day on October 19. Journalist <a href="/wiki/John_Ibbitson" title="John Ibbitson">John Ibbitson</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> described Harper as "the most conservative leader Canada has ever known."<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_opposition_(2015–present)">In opposition (2015–present)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In opposition (2015–present)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_interim_leadership_(2015–2017)">First interim leadership (2015–2017)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First interim leadership (2015–2017)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Following the election of the Liberals and Harper's resignation as party leader in the 2015 election, it was announced that an <a href="/wiki/Interim_leader_(Canada)" title="Interim leader (Canada)">interim leader</a> would be selected to serve until a new leader could be chosen.<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> That was completed at the caucus meeting of November 5, 2015<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> where <a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_River%E2%80%94Parkland" title="Sturgeon River—Parkland">Sturgeon River—Parkland</a> and a former cabinet minister, was elected by a vote of MPs and Senators.<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> Some members of the party's national council were calling for a leadership convention as early as May 2016 according to <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> However, some other MPs wanted the vote to be delayed until the spring of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> On January 19, 2016, the party announced that a permanent leader will be chosen on May 27, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-auto-34">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Andrew_Scheer_(2017–2020)">Andrew Scheer (2017–2020)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Andrew Scheer (2017–2020)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_(2020).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png/130px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="38" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1178" data-file-height="342"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 130px;height: 38px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png/130px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png" data-width="130" data-height="38" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png/195px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png/260px-Conservative_Party_of_Canada_logo_%282020%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Logo of the CPC from 2020 to 2023</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg/220px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="994"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 272px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg/220px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg/330px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg/440px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Andrew Scheer, leader (2017–2020)</figcaption></figure> On September 28, 2016, former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> announced his bid for the <a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">leadership of the party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> On May 27, 2017, Scheer was elected as the second permanent leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, beating runner-up MP <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> and more than 12 others with 50.95% of the vote through 13 rounds.<a href="#cite_note-cbcleadwinner-36">[32]</a> Bernier would leave the Conservatives in 2018 to form the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party of Canada</a>, which campaigned on <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a> positions in subsequent elections but failed to win a seat. Under Scheer, the Conservatives prioritized repealing the Liberal government's <a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing_in_Canada" title="Carbon pricing in Canada">carbon tax</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pipelines_in_Canada" title="Pipelines in Canada">pipeline</a> construction,<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balancing the budget</a> within five years had they formed government in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> Scheer is a social conservative; he is personally <a href="/wiki/Pro-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a> and opposes same-sex marriage, though like Harper, he stated he would not attempt to overturn the legality of both laws.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> The Conservative Party entered the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">October 2019 federal election</a> campaign neck-in-neck with the Liberals after the <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a> earlier that year involving Justin Trudeau, but the election resulted in a Liberal minority government victory. The Conservatives did, however, win the largest share of the popular vote, and gained 26 seats. Notably, they won every single seat in <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> and all but <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Strathcona_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Strathcona (federal electoral district)">one</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>. While the Conservative Party has historically been highly successful in Alberta and Saskatchewan, some point to a growing sense of <a href="/wiki/Western_alienation" title="Western alienation">Western alienation</a> to explain the results. Following the election, Scheer faced criticism from within the party for failing to defeat Trudeau, who gained criticism for his handling of the SNC-Lavalin affair and for his wearing of <a href="/wiki/Brownface" title="Brownface">brownface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a>; the latter incident was made public during the election campaign. Scheer announced his pending resignation on December 12, 2019, after the <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC</a> reported that the Conservative party had been paying part of his children's private school tuition.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> He remained party leader, until his successor was chosen in August 2020. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Erin_O'Toole_(2020–2022)">Erin O'Toole (2020–2022)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Erin O'Toole (2020–2022)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ErinO%27Toole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErinO%27Toole.jpg/220px-ErinO%27Toole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 288px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErinO%27Toole.jpg/220px-ErinO%27Toole.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="288" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErinO%27Toole.jpg/330px-ErinO%27Toole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErinO%27Toole.jpg/440px-ErinO%27Toole.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Erin O'Toole, leader (2020–2022)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/2020_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2020 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">A leadership election</a> to replace Scheer was held in 2020, which was won by former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Veterans Affairs Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> on August 24, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> Though running for the leadership on a "true blue" platform,<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> O'Toole started to nudge the Conservative Party to the <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">political centre</a> as leader.<a href="#cite_note-americamagazine.org-44">[40]</a> Despite campaigning against the Liberal government's carbon tax during his leadership campaign, O'Toole reversed his position in April 2021, instead advocating for a low carbon savings account.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> In contrast to his two predecessors as leader, O'Toole is <a href="/wiki/Pro-choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-choice">pro-choice</a> and supports same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-americamagazine.org-44">[40]</a> Prime Minister Trudeau called the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">September 2021 federal election</a> in the hopes of winning a majority government, though in the middle of the campaign O'Toole's Conservatives were tied with the Liberals, if not slightly ahead of the Liberals in <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election">the polls</a>. During the campaign, O'Toole stated he would balance the budget within the next 10 years<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> and reversed his support for repealing the Liberal government's <a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">"assault-style" weapons ban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> In a similar manner to the 2019 election, the Conservatives again won the popular vote but fell short of gaining the largest amount of seats, enabling the Liberal Party under <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> to form another minority government. As a result, party members were undecided on whether he should continue as leader.<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> On October 5, the Conservative caucus voted to adopt the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_(Canada)" title="Reform Act (Canada)">Reform Act</a>, giving caucus the power to trigger a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a>. O'Toole denied that it represented a threat to his leadership, insisting that the caucus was united as a team and that, as a supporter of the Act, he had encouraged his caucus to adopt all of its provisions.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> On January 31, 2022, Conservative <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Heritage" title="Calgary Heritage">Calgary Heritage</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Bob_Benzen" title="Bob Benzen">Bob Benzen</a> submitted a letter with signatures from 35 Conservative MPs calling for a leadership review on O'Toole's leadership to the Conservative caucus chair, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Reid_(politician)" title="Scott Reid (politician)">Scott Reid</a>. In the letter, Benzen criticized O'Toole's reversal on repealing the Liberal government's carbon tax and assault weapons ban.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> On February 2, 2022, O'Toole was removed as leader by a margin of 73 to 45 votes.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_interim_leadership_(2022)">Second interim leadership (2022)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Second interim leadership (2022)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/220px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="679"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 314px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/220px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg" data-width="220" data-height="314" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/330px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/440px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Pierre Poilievre, leader (2022–present)</figcaption></figure>Then-deputy leader of the Conservative Party <a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Candice Bergen</a> was elected interim leader the same day O'Toole was ousted,<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/2022_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">leadership election</a> was subsequently scheduled for September 10, 2022. Conservative MP and former cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-runforpm-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-pierre-55">[51]</a> Conservative MP and former leadership candidate <a href="/wiki/Leslyn_Lewis" title="Leslyn Lewis">Leslyn Lewis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> Independent (formerly Progressive Conservative) Member of Ontario Provincial Parliament <a href="/wiki/Roman_Baber" title="Roman Baber">Roman Baber</a>,<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> former leader of the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Quebec" title="Premier of Quebec">Premier of Quebec</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> former MP, former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a>, and Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Brampton" title="Brampton">Brampton</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Brown_(Canadian_politician)" title="Patrick Brown (Canadian politician)">Patrick Brown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> former Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Leona_Alleslev" title="Leona Alleslev">Leona Alleslev</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> former BC MLA and Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Marc_Dalton" title="Marc Dalton">Marc Dalton</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Ontario" title="Huntsville, Ontario">Huntsville</a> mayor and Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Scott_Aitchison" title="Scott Aitchison">Scott Aitchison</a> announced their candidacies for the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> On May 2, 2022, the Party announced that the six verified candidates for the leadership would be Aitchison, Baber, Brown, Charest, Lewis, Poilievre.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> On July 6, 2022, the Party announced that Patrick Brown had been disqualified "due to 'serious allegations of wrongdoing' that 'appear' to violate Canadian election law."<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> In response, Brown hired lawyer <a href="/wiki/Marie_Henein" title="Marie Henein">Marie Henein</a>, who requested the Party's dispute resolution appeal committee be convened.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pierre_Poilievre_(2022–present)">Pierre Poilievre (2022–present)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pierre Poilievre (2022–present)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On September 10, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> won the leadership on the first ballot in a landslide, winning over 68% of the points.<a href="#cite_note-:7-65">[61]</a> On September 12, Poilievre gave his first speech to his caucus as leader.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Principles_and_policies">Principles and policies</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Principles and policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> As a relatively young party with a mixed political heritage and history, the federal Conservatives are often described as a "<a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent</a>" party<a href="#cite_note-CartyTent-67">[63]</a> in a similar manner to the federal Canadian Liberals by encompassing members and voters who hold a variety of philosophies, ideas and stances, albeit sitting within the <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> of the political spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-House2015-68">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-BlaisLaslier2016-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-BittnerKoop2013b-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-BaumerGold2015-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Encyclopedia-5">[2]</a> Broadly, the party is defined as practicing the Canadian model of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian conservatism">conservatism</a> and fiscal conservatism. Some political observers have noted the two most dominant wings of the party traditionally represented <a href="/wiki/Red_Tory" title="Red Tory">Red Tory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue Tory</a> ideologies,<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> whereas others have argued that the party has become less internally defined by these labels and that the terms tend to be used by outsiders.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> Other smaller but visible factional beliefs espoused by individuals within the party have been described by media commentators as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal conservative">liberal conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservative">social conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian conservative">libertarian conservative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> In an effort to create a cohesive platform following its creation, the Conservative Party declared its founding core philosophies and principles to be fiscal accountability, upholding individual rights and freedom, belief in constitutional monarchy, the institutions of Parliament and Canada's democratic process, support for strong national defence, law and order, and Canada's history and traditions, and equal treatment for all Canadians.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_platform_and_policies">Party platform and policies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Party platform and policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In recent years, the Conservative Party has repeatedly campaigned on the following policies: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Culture">Culture</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_bilingualism_in_Canada" title="Official bilingualism in Canada">Bilingualism</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constitution">Constitution</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Constitution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Supporting Canadian <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and opposing <a href="/wiki/Quebec_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec separatism">Quebec separatism</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Canada" title="Monarchism in Canada">Support for maintaining Canada's constitutional monarchy</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Electing Senators, rather than appointing them<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Freedom of speech, expression, religion, press and conscience<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Respecting treaties signed with <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Canadians">Indigenous Canadians</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Allowing Indigenous Canadians more self-governance over their land<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economic policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_and_poultry_supply_management_in_Canada" title="Dairy and poultry supply management in Canada">Supply management</a> for certain dairy, poultry and eggs<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Extracting <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Construction of <a href="/wiki/Pipelines_in_Canada" title="Pipelines in Canada">pipelines</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>A belief in the right to own <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">Right to work</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_regulation">Environmental regulation</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Environmental regulation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Subsidies and grants for <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_utilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon capture and utilization">carbon capture</a> technology<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Prohibiting the dumping of raw sewage into rivers<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Marine Protected Areas<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Pollution caps for industries<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Firearms">Firearms</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Firearms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Maintaining the licensing system for firearm owners<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Maintaining the prohibition of short-barreled <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fully_automatic_firearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fully automatic firearm">fully automatic firearms</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Assault rifles">assault rifles</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Opposing the prohibition of long-barreled <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic firearms</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gender">Gender</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gender" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Equal opportunity for men and women<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Foreign policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Support for most <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> agreements, including <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">NAFTA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">TPP</a> and <a href="/wiki/CETA" class="mw-redirect" title="CETA">CETA</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CANZUK" title="CANZUK">CANZUK</a> formation and membership<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Membership in <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Membership in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Excluding <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> funding from foreign aid<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Support for <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Recognizing</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> as Israel's capital<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Prohibiting the Chinese government from owning Canada's <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> infrastructure<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Healthcare_and_social_programs">Healthcare and social programs</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Healthcare and social programs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Single-payer publicly funded healthcare<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Pension_Plan" title="Canada Pension Plan">Canada Pension Plan</a> program<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Defunding the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> public broadcaster<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration">Immigration</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Immigration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Linking immigration to housing and job supply<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a></li> <li>Eliminating <a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">birthright citizenship</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Opposing <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law-enforcement">Law-enforcement</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Law-enforcement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_minimum_sentences" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory minimum sentences">Mandatory minimum sentences</a> for violent and sexual crimes<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Opposing the <a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">police abolition movement</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Creating a national <a href="/wiki/Sex_offender_registry" title="Sex offender registry">sex offender registry</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Opposition to the legalization of <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational drugs">recreational drugs</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Life_issues">Life issues</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Life issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Opposing the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide" title="Assisted suicide">assisted suicide</a> to those solely suffering from <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">mental illness</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Conscience rights for medical practitioners<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military">Military</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Military" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Increasing military spending to 2% of Canada's GDP<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxation_and_fiscal_policy">Taxation and fiscal policy</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Taxation and fiscal policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">Income tax</a> reductions<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_splitting" title="Income splitting">Income splitting</a> for families<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Business tax">Business tax</a> reductions<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_gains_tax" title="Capital gains tax">Capital gains tax</a> reductions<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Opposition to a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon tax</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Tax simplification<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">Balanced budget</a> legislation<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Reducing the national debt<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li> <li>Reducing <a href="/wiki/Corporate_welfare" title="Corporate welfare">grants and subsidies</a> to businesses<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policies">Domestic policies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Domestic policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In its current platform, the Conservative Party states that its core objectives are to protect the lives and property of ordinary citizens, promote democratic accountability and reform the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">senate</a> to make it a fully elected chamber. While the party platform states it is open to debate over electoral reform, it also claims it will not support changing the current electoral system.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> The party calls for a "restoration of a constitutional balance between the federal and provincial and territorial governments" in regards to Canadian federalism. The Conservative Party also advocates offering tax incentives, increased business investment and more political autonomy to assist and integrate <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Canadian">Indigenous Canadian</a> communities over state <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> Historically, Conservative MPs were divided on the issue of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> in Canada, with individuals in the party arguing for and against.<a href="#cite_note-wary_Tories-78">[74]</a> During debates on Bill C-38 in 2004 which would redefine the legal definition of marriage in Canada, a majority of Conservative MPs voted against when then leader <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> allowed a <a href="/wiki/Free_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Free vote">free vote</a>. Under Harper's premiership, the party proposed reopening the debate into same-sex marriage but following a defeat of the motion in the House of Commons stated it would not seek to reopen it.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> In 2016, the Conservatives amended the party constitution to recognize and support same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-lapresse1-81">[77]</a> The Conservative leadership has supported changing the law to allow <a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">men who have sex with men to donate blood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_environmental_policies">Economic and environmental policies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economic and environmental policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg/220px-Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg/220px-Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg/330px-Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg/440px-Andrew_Scheer_and_Pierre_Poilievre_June_2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> making a speech on abolishing the carbon tax and the increase of taxes on drivers.</figcaption></figure> The party wants to keep the "Fiscal Balance" (which it introduced in its 2007 Budget while in government) in place and eliminate national debt. It also supports more simplified tax codes, controls on government spending and reductions in both personal and business taxes.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> Former party leader <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> has listed economic recovery following the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic as a core priority for Canada.<a href="#cite_note-cbc052920-83">[79]</a> The party also supports abolishing the Carbon Tax.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> At the party's March 2021 policy convention, delegates voted to reject a proposal to expand the party's existing climate change policies to include a statement that <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> is real.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_2">Foreign policy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Foreign policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Conservative Party presently supports Canada's involvement in <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and international trade agreements, including a <a href="/wiki/CANZUK" title="CANZUK">CANZUK</a> agreement that would enable mobilization of goods, trade and people between <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The party is also supportive of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>; Conservative leaders <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> have both expressed support for moving Canada's embassy to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. The party also supports taking a tough stance against the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and has pledged to prevent China from entering Canada's 5G Networks. The party also calls on Canada to encourage other Western nations to prevent Chinese government backed corporations from accessing and taking control of important media, energy, internet, defense and security related infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-mckenna101620-88">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_identity,_social_policies_and_immigration">Canadian identity, social policies and immigration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Canadian identity, social policies and immigration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The party supports maintaining the Official Languages Act ensuring that English and French have equality of status in Canada. It also calls for the protection of Canada's history, culture and heritage. It also supports the re-establishment of the Office of Religious Freedom.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> The Conservative Party constitution also supports maintaining the constitutional <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> The party has called for an immigration system that is "non-partisan, welcoming and well-managed" that encourages merit-based immigration and enticement of skilled workers to Canada to boost the economy whilst also taking a zero tolerance stance on illegal immigration and ensuring that immigrants speak English or French. The Conservatives also want to streamline the process of granting Canadian citizenship to foreign born children adopted by Canadian nationals, speed up the validation of refugee claims and give help to persecuted religious and sexual minorities whilst ensuring those who do not meet refugee status are escorted out of the country. Some MPs within the party have proposed a Canadian values test for prospective immigrants and long-term visitors, although this has not been adopted as a policy as a whole. Following the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a>, several members of the party including former leader <a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> called on the Canadian government to grant asylum to fleeing Hong Kong pro-democracy protesters facing extradition orders to China. The party also proposes eliminating birthright citizenship unless one of the parents of a child born in Canada has permanent residency or Canadian citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> Incumbent Conservative leader <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> has vocally criticized the immigration policies of <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>'s Liberal government and supports significantly restricting numbers of temporary residents and asylum seekers coming into Canada.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> Poilievre instead argues that immigration intake should be linked to housing supply and that the Conservatives will introduce a cap on the number of foreign workers and further border control and background screening measures of immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> The Conservatives also support a stricter policy on illegal immigration by amending the "<a href="/wiki/Safe_Third_Country_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe Third Country Agreement">Safe Third Country Agreement</a>" and the reintroduction of visa requirements for Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order">Law and order</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Law and order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Conservative Party generally supports a tough law and order stance. Presently, the party argues for a national register for convicted child sexual offenders, stricter sentences against repeat offenders, ending early release for violent felons and believes that victims of violent crime should have a say in National Parole Board decisions. The party also supports the creation of a cross-federal task force to tackle organized crime, human trafficking and threats to national security.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> Some Conservative MPs are in favour of the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Abortion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Conservative Party has both members and MPs who favour abortion rights and members who oppose them. In the past, more Conservative members have been against abortion.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> However, the party's policy book states that the party "will not support any legislation to regulate abortion" while in government,<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> and the party's current leader, Pierre Poilievre, has stated that "no laws or rules will be passed that restrict women's reproductive choices" if he becomes prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gun_ownership">Gun ownership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Gun ownership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The party states that it supports responsible gun ownership and will "not deprive Canadian Citizens of legally owned firearms" but also calls for cost-effective gun control programs including screening all individuals wishing to purchase firearms and increased enforcement against arms trafficking.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-77">[73]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Regional_conservative_parties">Regional conservative parties</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Regional conservative parties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conservative_parties_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative parties in Canada">Conservative parties in Canada</a></div> The Conservative Party does not have any provincial wings. However, it often works closely with the former federal Progressive Conservative Party's provincial affiliates as well as other small "c" conservative and centre-right provincial parties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan Party</a>. Cross-support between federal and provincial Conservatives is more tenuous in some other provinces. In Alberta, relations were sometimes strained between the federal Conservative Party and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">provincial Progressive Conservative Party</a>. The federal Tories' loss in the 2004 election was often blamed, in part, on then-Premier <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a>'s public musings on health care late in the campaign. Klein had also called for a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> on <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">same-sex marriage</a>. With the impending 2006 election, Klein predicted another Liberal minority, though this time the federal Conservatives won a minority government. Klein's successor <a href="/wiki/Ed_Stelmach" title="Ed Stelmach">Ed Stelmach</a> tried to avoid causing similar controversies; however, Harper's surprise pledge to restrict <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a> exports drew a sharp rebuke from the Albertan government, who warned such restrictions would violate both the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution of Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The rise of the <a href="/wiki/Wildrose_Party" title="Wildrose Party">Wildrose Party</a> caused a further rift between the federal Conservatives and the Albertan PCs, as some Conservative backbench MPs endorsed Wildrose. For the <a href="/wiki/2012_Alberta_general_election" title="2012 Alberta general election">2012 Alberta election</a>, Prime Minister Harper remained neutral and instructed federal cabinet members to also remain neutral while allowing Conservative backbenchers to back whomever they chose if they wish. Wildrose candidates for the concurrent <a href="/wiki/2012_Alberta_Senate_nominee_election" title="2012 Alberta Senate nominee election">Senate nominee election</a> announced they would sit in the Conservative caucus should they be appointed to the Senate. After the 2007 budget was announced, the Progressive Conservative governments in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador accused the federal Conservatives of breaching the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Accord" title="Atlantic Accord">Atlantic Accord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> As a result, relations worsened between the federal government and the two provincial governments, leading Newfoundland and Labrador Premier <a href="/wiki/Danny_Williams_(Canadian_politician)" title="Danny Williams (Canadian politician)">Danny Williams</a> to denounce the federal Conservatives, which gave rise to his ABC (<a href="/wiki/Anything_But_Conservative" title="Anything But Conservative">Anything But Conservative</a>) campaign in the 2008 election. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Composition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Council">National Council</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: National Council" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The National Council of the CPC is its "highest governing body".<a href="#cite_note-hilltimes_Rana_20210321-107">[103]</a> Stephen Barber has served as President of the National Council since 2023.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> The National Council has 21 seats, including four from Ontario, three from Quebec, two from British Columbia, two from Alberta, two from Saskatchewan, two from Manitoba, four from Atlantic Canada, and one from each of the three territories.<a href="#cite_note-hilltimes_Rana_20210321-107">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Conservative Party has historically been strongest in <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> as well as rural <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_2021_u150-109">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_2011_a407-110">[106]</a> The party is strongest particularly in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, where it holds 30 out of 34 and all 14 federal seats respectively.<a href="#cite_note-House_of_Commons_of_Canada_y518-111">[107]</a> It tends to be weaker in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Party_leadership">Party leadership</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Party leadership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_conservative_leaders" title="List of Canadian conservative leaders">List of Canadian conservative leaders</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader">Leader</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Leader" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_elections" title="Conservative Party of Canada leadership elections">Conservative Party of Canada leadership elections</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Leader </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/200px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">John Lynch-Staunton</a> (June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012)</td> <td>December 8, 2003</td> <td>March 20, 2004</td> <td>Senator for <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Grandville, Quebec</a></td> <td>Interim leader, served concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada">Senate Opposition Leader</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg/100px-Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg/100px-Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg/150px-Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg/200px-Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> (b. April 30, 1959)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">March 20, 2004</a></td> <td>October 19, 2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Southwest" title="Calgary Southwest">Calgary Southwest</a>, Alberta</td> <td>Served as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a> from 2004 to 2006, and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> from 2006 to 2015. </td></tr> <tr> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_(second_crop).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png/100px-Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="862"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png/100px-Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png" data-width="100" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png/150px-Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png/200px-Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_%28second_crop%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a> (b. March 15, 1969)</td> <td>November 5, 2015</td> <td>May 27, 2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_River%E2%80%94Parkland" title="Sturgeon River—Parkland">Sturgeon River—Parkland</a>, Alberta</td> <td>Interim leader, served concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="703"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> (b. May 20, 1979)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">May 27, 2017</a></td> <td>August 24, 2020</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Qu%27Appelle" title="Regina—Qu'Appelle">Regina—Qu'Appelle</a>, Saskatchewan</td> <td>Served concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png/100px-Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="445"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png/100px-Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="100" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png/150px-Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png/200px-Erin_O%27Toole_portrait_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> (b. January 22, 1973)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2020 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">August 24, 2020</a></td> <td>February 2, 2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durham_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Durham (electoral district)">Durham</a>, Ontario</td> <td>Served concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Candice_Bergen_-_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="836"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Candice_Bergen_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Candice Bergen</a> (b. September 28, 1964)</td> <td>February 2, 2022</td> <td>September 10, 2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portage%E2%80%94Lisgar" title="Portage—Lisgar">Portage—Lisgar</a>, Manitoba</td> <td>Interim leader, served concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/100px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="679"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/100px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg" data-width="100" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/150px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg/200px-Pierre_Poilievre_in_2023..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> (b. June 3, 1979)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">September 10, 2022</a></td> <td>Incumbent</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carleton_(Ontario_federal_electoral_district)" title="Carleton (Ontario federal electoral district)">Carleton</a>, Ontario</td> <td>Serves concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_Leader">Deputy Leader</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Deputy Leader" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Deputy Leader is appointed by the Leader. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Deputy Leader </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Appointed by </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG/100px-Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1368"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG/100px-Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG/150px-Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG/200px-Peter_MacKay_crop.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></td> <td>March 22, 2004</td> <td>November 5, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Nova" title="Central Nova">Central Nova</a>, Nova Scotia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg/100px-Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="943"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg/100px-Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg/150px-Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg/200px-Denis_Lebel_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Denis Lebel</a></td> <td>November 18, 2015</td> <td>July 21, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Jean" title="Lac-Saint-Jean">Lac-Saint-Jean</a>, Quebec</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a> (2015–2017) <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> (2017) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_(36917974502)_(cropped)2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg/100px-Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="902"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg/100px-Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg/150px-Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg/200px-Lisa_Raitt_-_2017_%2836917974502%29_%28cropped%292.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></td> <td>July 21, 2017</td> <td>November 28, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Milton (federal electoral district)">Milton</a>, Ontario</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1519" data-file-height="1939"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Leona_Alleslev_2017_wiki_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leona_Alleslev" title="Leona Alleslev">Leona Alleslev</a></td> <td>November 28, 2019</td> <td>July 12, 2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aurora%E2%80%94Oak_Ridges%E2%80%94Richmond_Hill_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill (federal electoral district)">Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill</a>, Ontario</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_(41676503252)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="503"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-The_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_-_2018_%2841676503252%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Candice Bergen</a></td> <td>September 2, 2020</td> <td>February 2, 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portage%E2%80%94Lisgar" title="Portage—Lisgar">Portage—Lisgar</a>, Manitoba</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg/100px-Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="855"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg/100px-Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg/150px-Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg/200px-Luc_Berthold_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luc_Berthold" title="Luc Berthold">Luc Berthold</a></td> <td>February 6, 2022</td> <td>September 12, 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9gantic%E2%80%94L%27%C3%89rable" title="Mégantic—L'Érable">Mégantic—L'Érable</a>, Quebec</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Candice Bergen</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_(53006188080)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Collision_2023_-_Future_Societies_AL7I8223_%2853006188080%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lantsman" title="Melissa Lantsman">Melissa Lantsman</a></td> <td rowspan="2">September 13, 2022</td> <td rowspan="2">Incumbent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thornhill_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Thornhill (federal electoral district)">Thornhill</a>, Ontario</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a> </td> <td>Serving with <a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Uppalmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Uppalmp.png/100px-Uppalmp.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="451"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 118px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Uppalmp.png/100px-Uppalmp.png" data-width="100" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Uppalmp.png/150px-Uppalmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Uppalmp.png/200px-Uppalmp.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Mill_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Mill Woods">Edmonton Mill Woods</a>, Alberta </td> <td>Serving with <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lantsman" title="Melissa Lantsman">Melissa Lantsman</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_presidents">Party presidents</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Party presidents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Plett" title="Don Plett">Don Plett</a> (2003–2009; interim until 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Walsh_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Walsh (Canadian politician)">John Walsh</a> (2009–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Lamb_(lawyer)" title="Scott Lamb (lawyer)">Scott Lamb</a> (2016–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Batherson" title="Robert Batherson">Robert Batherson</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li>Stephen Barber (2023–present)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Parliamentary_Caucus">Parliamentary Caucus</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Parliamentary Caucus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Commons">House of Commons</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: House of Commons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_44th_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada">Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_Caucus">Senate Caucus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Senate Caucus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Conservative Party's senate <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">caucus</a> is the only political Senate Group that is formally linked to a federal political party. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Senators_Group" title="Independent Senators Group">Independent Senators Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Senators_Group" title="Canadian Senators Group">Canadian Senators Group</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Senate_Group" title="Progressive Senate Group">Progressive Senate Group</a>, which are unaffiliated with any party in the House of Commons, Conservative senators form part of the national Conservative parliamentary caucus made up of members of both houses of parliament, though the senators do meet separately to discuss Senate-specific issues. The caucus was created following the establishment of the modern Conservative Party of Canada on February 2, 2004, as a result of the merger of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</a>. All but three Progressive Conservative Senators joined the Conservative Party and were redesignated as Conservative senators. When in government, the leader of the caucus has been appointed by the national Conservative Party leader, serving as Prime Minister of Canada. When in Opposition the leader is elected by Conservative senators. Most recently, <a href="/wiki/Don_Plett" title="Don Plett">Don Plett</a> was elected Senate Conservative leader on November 5, 2019, defeating one other candidate.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> The first leader of the senate caucus, <a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">John Lynch-Staunton</a>, also served as interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada until a leadership election could be held. The Senate Conservative Caucus and the Conservative MPs in the House of Commons jointly constitute the national Conservative caucus. Nevertheless, <a href="/wiki/Denise_Batters" title="Denise Batters">Denise Batters</a> was permitted to remain a member of the Senate Conservative Caucus despite being expelled from the national Conservative caucus on November 16, 2021, for publicly opposing the leadership of Erin O'Toole.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conservative_leaders_in_the_Senate">Conservative leaders in the Senate</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Conservative leaders in the Senate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Leader </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/200px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Lynch-Staunton" title="John Lynch-Staunton">John Lynch-Staunton</a></td> <td>December 8, 2003</td> <td>September 30, 2004</td> <td>Also national leader until election of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> on March 20, 2004; served concurrently as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG/100px-No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1662"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG/100px-No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG/150px-No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG/200px-No%C3%ABl_Kinsella_Senate_of_Poland_01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_A._Kinsella" class="mw-redirect" title="Noël A. Kinsella">Noël A. Kinsella</a></td> <td>October 1, 2004</td> <td>February 6, 2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Marjory_LeBreton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Marjory_LeBreton.jpg/100px-Marjory_LeBreton.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="280"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 123px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Marjory_LeBreton.jpg/100px-Marjory_LeBreton.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="123" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Marjory_LeBreton.jpg/150px-Marjory_LeBreton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Marjory_LeBreton.jpg/200px-Marjory_LeBreton.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marjory_LeBreton" title="Marjory LeBreton">Marjory LeBreton</a></td> <td>February 6, 2006</td> <td>July 14, 2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Representative of the Government in the Senate">Leader of the Government in the Senate</a>; also served as Minister without portfolio until January 4, 2007, and Secretary of State for Seniors from January 4, 2007, until July 4, 2013. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/100px-No_image.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/200px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claude_Carignan" title="Claude Carignan">Claude Carignan</a></td> <td>August 20, 2013</td> <td>March 21, 2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Representative of the Government in the Senate">Leader of the Government in the Senate</a> until November 4, 2015, then became <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Smith.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Larry_Smith.png/100px-Larry_Smith.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="234"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Larry_Smith.png/100px-Larry_Smith.png" data-width="100" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Larry_Smith.png/150px-Larry_Smith.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Larry_Smith.png/200px-Larry_Smith.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larry_Smith_(Canadian_politician)" title="Larry Smith (Canadian politician)">Larry Smith</a> </td> <td>April 1, 2017</td> <td>November 5, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Plett_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Don_Plett_2009.jpg/100px-Don_Plett_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1598"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 89px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Don_Plett_2009.jpg/100px-Don_Plett_2009.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="89" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Don_Plett_2009.jpg/150px-Don_Plett_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Don_Plett_2009.jpg/200px-Don_Plett_2009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_Plett" title="Don Plett">Don Plett</a> </td> <td>November 5, 2019</td> <td>Incumbent</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Electoral results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Position </th> <th>Government </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a> </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> </td> <td>4,019,498 </td> <td>29.63 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">99 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  21 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Official Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a> </th> <td>5,374,071 </td> <td>36.27 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">124 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  25 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a> </th> <td>5,209,069 </td> <td>37.65 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">143 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  19 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a> </th> <td>5,832,401 </td> <td>39.62 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">166 / 308<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  23 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Majority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a> </th> <td>5,578,101 </td> <td>31.89 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">99 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  67 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Official Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> </td> <td>6,239,227 </td> <td>34.34 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">121 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  22 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Official Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a> </td> <td>5,747,410 </td> <td>33.74 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">119 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> 2 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Official Opposition </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="25" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of federal political parties in Canada">List of federal political parties in Canada</a></li> <li>Predecessor parties: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</a> (1942–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a> (1987–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> (2000–2003)</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> French abbreviation </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> As leader of the Canadian Conservative Reform Alliance, and co-signatory to the CA–PC merger agreement to form the Conservative Party of Canada. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> As leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and co-signatory to the CA–PC merger agreement to form the Conservative Party of Canada. </li> <li id="cite_note-politics-8"><a href="#cite_ref-politics_8-0">^</a> Brokerage politics: "A Canadian term for successful <a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">big tent parties</a> that embody a <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">pluralistic</a> catch-all approach to appeal to the median Canadian voter ... adopting centrist policies and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_alliance" title="Electoral alliance">electoral coalitions</a> to satisfy the short-term preferences of a majority of electors who are not located on the ideological fringe."<a href="#cite_note-MarlandGiasson2012-6">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-CourtneySmith2010-7">[4]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVan_Dyk2022" class="citation web cs1">Van Dyk, Spencer (July 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/conservative-party-says-nearly-679-000-members-eligible-to-vote-for-new-leader-1.6007791">"Conservative party says nearly 679,000 members eligible to vote for new leader"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220729194102/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/conservative-party-says-nearly-679-000-members-eligible-to-vote-for-new-leader-1.6007791">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2022. Retrieved July 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Conservative+party+says+nearly+679%2C000+members+eligible+to+vote+for+new+leader&rft.date=2022-07-29&rft.aulast=Van+Dyk&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fconservative-party-says-nearly-679-000-members-eligible-to-vote-for-new-leader-1.6007791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canadian_Encyclopedia-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canadian_Encyclopedia_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canadian_Encyclopedia_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecanadaguide.com/government/political-parties/">"Political Parties"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223170618/https://thecanadaguide.com/government/political-parties/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+Parties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecanadaguide.com%2Fgovernment%2Fpolitical-parties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarlandGiasson2012-6"><a href="#cite_ref-MarlandGiasson2012_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_MarlandThierry_GiassonJennifer_Lees-Marshment2012" class="citation book cs1">Alex Marland; Thierry Giasson; Jennifer Lees-Marshment (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GSeSaYPa2A4C&pg=PA257">Political Marketing in Canada</a>. UBC Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2231-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2231-2"><bdi>978-0-7748-2231-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010034/https://books.google.com/books?id=GSeSaYPa2A4C&pg=PA257">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Marketing+in+Canada&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-2231-2&rft.au=Alex+Marland&rft.au=Thierry+Giasson&rft.au=Jennifer+Lees-Marshment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGSeSaYPa2A4C%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CourtneySmith2010-7"><a href="#cite_ref-CourtneySmith2010_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_CourtneyDavid_Smith2010" class="citation book cs1">John Courtney; David Smith (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5KomEXgxvMcC&pg=PA195">The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics</a>. OUP USA. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533535-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533535-4"><bdi>978-0-19-533535-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010040/https://books.google.com/books?id=5KomEXgxvMcC&pg=PA195">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Canadian+Politics&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533535-4&rft.au=John+Courtney&rft.au=David+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5KomEXgxvMcC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brooks2004-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Brooks2004_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Brooks2004" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Brooks (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DeQnPIXV5CEC">Canadian Democracy: An Introduction</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541806-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541806-4"><bdi>978-0-19-541806-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010051/https://books.google.com/books?id=DeQnPIXV5CEC">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2020. <q>Two historically dominant political parties have avoided ideological appeals in favour of a flexible centrist style of politics that is often labelled brokerage politics</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Democracy%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-541806-4&rft.au=Stephen+Brooks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDeQnPIXV5CEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2016c-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2016c_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Johnson2016" class="citation book cs1">David Johnson (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_HzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13">Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada, Fourth Edition</a>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-3521-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-3521-0"><bdi>978-1-4426-3521-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010046/https://books.google.com/books?id=I_HzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2020. <q>...most Canadian governments, especially at the federal level, have taken a moderate, centrist approach to decision making, seeking to balance growth, stability, and governmental efficiency and economy...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking+Government%3A+Public+Administration+and+Politics+in+Canada%2C+Fourth+Edition&rft.pages=13-23&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-3521-0&rft.au=David+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_HzDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2014-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith2014_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiriam_Smith2014" class="citation book cs1">Miriam Smith (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iG4rAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17">Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada: Second Edition</a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-0695-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-0695-1"><bdi>978-1-4426-0695-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010047/https://books.google.com/books?id=iG4rAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2020. <q>Canada's party system has long been described as a "brokerage system" in which the leading parties (Liberal and Conservative) follow strategies that appeal across major <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(politics)" title="Cleavage (politics)">social cleavages</a> in an effort to defuse potential tensions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Group+Politics+and+Social+Movements+in+Canada%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-0695-1&rft.au=Miriam+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiG4rAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolak2014-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolak2014_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_J._Wolak2014" class="citation book cs1">Arthur J. Wolak (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-MepBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA199">The Development of Managerial Culture: A Comparative Study of Australia and Canada</a>. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 199–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-47562-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-47562-6"><bdi>978-1-137-47562-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501130244/https://books.google.com/books?id=-MepBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA199">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Managerial+Culture%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Australia+and+Canada&rft.pages=199-201&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-47562-6&rft.au=Arthur+J.+Wolak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-MepBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BellKulchyski2013-13"><a href="#cite_ref-BellKulchyski2013_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShannon_BellPeter_Keith_Kulchyski2013" class="citation book cs1">Shannon Bell; Peter Keith Kulchyski (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1te9rTz6jEC&pg=PA18">Subversive Itinerary: The Thought of Gad Horowitz</a>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 18–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4532-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4532-5"><bdi>978-1-4426-4532-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501130244/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1te9rTz6jEC&pg=PA18">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subversive+Itinerary%3A+The+Thought+of+Gad+Horowitz&rft.pages=18-22&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-4532-5&rft.au=Shannon+Bell&rft.au=Peter+Keith+Kulchyski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ1te9rTz6jEC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GagnonTanguay2017-14"><a href="#cite_ref-GagnonTanguay2017_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlain-G_GagnonA._Brian_Tanguay2017" class="citation book cs1">Alain-G Gagnon; A. Brian Tanguay (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_JwSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA122">Canadian Parties in Transition, Fourth Edition</a>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 122–125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-3470-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-3470-1"><bdi>978-1-4426-3470-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331005625/https://books.google.com/books?id=_JwSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA122">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Parties+in+Transition%2C+Fourth+Edition&rft.pages=122-125&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-3470-1&rft.au=Alain-G+Gagnon&rft.au=A.+Brian+Tanguay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_JwSDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LewisEveritt2017-15"><a href="#cite_ref-LewisEveritt2017_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._P._LewisJoanna_Everitt2017" class="citation book cs1">J. P. Lewis; Joanna Everitt (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_LE0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">The Blueprint: Conservative Parties and their Impact on Canadian Politics</a>. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. pp. 11–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-1403-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-1403-7"><bdi>978-1-4875-1403-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331005509/https://books.google.com/books?id=_LE0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. 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CBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706203417/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/harper-resigns-mp-calgary-analysis-1.3734081">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved February 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=America+Magazine&rft.atitle=In+Canada%2C+a+pro-abortion%2C+pro-LGBT+Conservative+is+seeking+to+unseat+Justin+Trudeau&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.aulast=Gillies&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fpolitics-society%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Ftrudeau-otoole-canada-politics-conservative-241460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochraneShivjiWherry2021" class="citation web cs1">Cochrane, David; Shivji, Salimah; Wherry, Aaron (April 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/carbon-tax-conservatives-1.5988407">"Conservatives announce plan to replace Liberal carbon tax with a lower levy of their own"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926211507/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/carbon-tax-conservatives-1.5988407">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2021. 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Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021214211/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-conservative-government-would-aim-to-erase-deficit-in-a-decade-erin-o/">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2020. 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CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206213008/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/gun-control-wedge-issue-1.6165532">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=O%27Toole+reverses+course+on+guns%2C+will+maintain+Liberal+ban+during+review+of+classifications&rft.date=2021-09-05&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fgun-control-wedge-issue-1.6165532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoneBailey2021" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Laura; Bailey, Ian (September 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-erin-otoole-accused-of-betraying-conservatives-as-he-faces-first/">"Erin O'Toole accused of 'betraying' Conservatives as he faces first leadership challenge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923030250/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-erin-otoole-accused-of-betraying-conservatives-as-he-faces-first/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Erin+O%27Toole+accused+of+%27betraying%27+Conservatives+as+he+faces+first+leadership+challenge&rft.date=2021-09-22&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-erin-otoole-accused-of-betraying-conservatives-as-he-faces-first%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoneBailey2021" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Laura; Bailey, Ian (September 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-premier-mike-harris-mps-urge-conservatives-to-unify-around-erin/">"Former Ontario premier Mike Harris, MPs urge Conservatives to unify around Erin O'Toole after election loss"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924043539/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-former-premier-mike-harris-mps-urge-conservatives-to-unify-around-erin/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Former+Ontario+premier+Mike+Harris%2C+MPs+urge+Conservatives+to+unify+around+Erin+O%27Toole+after+election+loss&rft.date=2021-09-23&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Bailey%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-former-premier-mike-harris-mps-urge-conservatives-to-unify-around-erin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2021" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Stephanie (October 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8243738/tory-leader-erin-otoole-face-conservative-caucus-first-time-after-election/">"O'Toole says Conservative caucus 'fully united' as MPs vote on power to oust him"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206024144/https://globalnews.ca/news/8243738/tory-leader-erin-otoole-face-conservative-caucus-first-time-after-election/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=O%27Toole+says+Conservative+caucus+%27fully+united%27+as+MPs+vote+on+power+to+oust+him&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8243738%2Ftory-leader-erin-otoole-face-conservative-caucus-first-time-after-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2022" class="citation web cs1">Tasker, John (January 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/erin-otoole-leadership-review-caucus-1.6334491">"Conservative caucus revolt triggers vote on Erin O'Toole's leadership"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204032050/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/erin-otoole-leadership-review-caucus-1.6334491">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Conservative+caucus+revolt+triggers+vote+on+Erin+O%27Toole%27s+leadership&rft.date=2022-01-31&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ferin-otoole-leadership-review-caucus-1.6334491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2022" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (February 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/otoole-leadership-vote-1.6336336">"Conservative MPs vote to remove Erin O'Toole as leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202222528/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/otoole-leadership-vote-1.6336336">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Conservative+MPs+vote+to+remove+Erin+O%27Toole+as+leader&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fotoole-leadership-vote-1.6336336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8590833/conservative-party-interim-leader/">"Conservatives elect Candice Bergen as interim party leader - National | Globalnews.ca"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204235034/https://globalnews.ca/news/8590833/conservative-party-interim-leader/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Conservatives+elect+Candice+Bergen+as+interim+party+leader+-+National+%7C+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8590833%2Fconservative-party-interim-leader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-runforpm-54"><a href="#cite_ref-runforpm_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2022" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Stephanie (February 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8598251/pierre-poilievre-prime-minister-campaign/">"Conservative MP Pierre Poilievre says he is running for prime minister"</a>. globalnews.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206013707/https://globalnews.ca/news/8598251/pierre-poilievre-prime-minister-campaign/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globalnews.ca&rft.atitle=Conservative+MP+Pierre+Poilievre+says+he+is+running+for+prime+minister&rft.date=2022-02-05&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8598251%2Fpierre-poilievre-prime-minister-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pierre-55"><a href="#cite_ref-pierre_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierrePoilievre2022" class="citation web cs1">@PierrePoilievre (February 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/PierrePoilievre/status/1490115382157398030">"I'm running for Prime Minister to give you back control of your life. Sign up now to help me replace Trudeau & restore freedom"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214115844/https://twitter.com/PierrePoilievre/status/1490115382157398030">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I%27m+running+for+Prime+Minister+to+give+you+back+control+of+your+life.+Sign+up+now+to+help+me+replace+Trudeau+%26+restore+freedom&rft.date=2022-02-05&rft.au=PierrePoilievre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FPierrePoilievre%2Fstatus%2F1490115382157398030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/mp-leslyn-lewis-launches-conservative-leadership-bid-for-second-time-1.5810611">"MP Leslyn Lewis launches Conservative leadership bid for second time"</a>. CTVNews. March 8, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230226222828/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/mp-leslyn-lewis-launches-conservative-leadership-bid-for-second-time-1.5810611">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=MP+Leslyn+Lewis+launches+Conservative+leadership+bid+for+second+time&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fmp-leslyn-lewis-launches-conservative-leadership-bid-for-second-time-1.5810611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2022" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Stephanie (March 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/independent-ontario-mpp-roman-baber-to-enter-conservative-leadership-race-1.5811846">"Independent Ontario MPP Roman Baber to enter Conservative leadership race"</a>. CTVNews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007080950/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/independent-ontario-mpp-roman-baber-to-enter-conservative-leadership-race-1.5811846">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Independent+Ontario+MPP+Roman+Baber+to+enter+Conservative+leadership+race&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Findependent-ontario-mpp-roman-baber-to-enter-conservative-leadership-race-1.5811846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/jean-charest-launches-conservative-leadership-bid-in-calgary-1.5813452">"Jean Charest launches Conservative leadership bid in Calgary"</a>. CTVNews. March 10, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220312231257/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/jean-charest-launches-conservative-leadership-bid-in-calgary-1.5813452">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Jean+Charest+launches+Conservative+leadership+bid+in+Calgary&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fjean-charest-launches-conservative-leadership-bid-in-calgary-1.5813452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/patrick-brown-mayor-of-brampton-ont-joins-race-to-lead-federal-conservatives-1.5817416">"Patrick Brown, mayor of Brampton, Ont., joins race to lead federal Conservatives"</a>. CTVNews. March 13, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313154021/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/patrick-brown-mayor-of-brampton-ont-joins-race-to-lead-federal-conservatives-1.5817416">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Patrick+Brown%2C+mayor+of+Brampton%2C+Ont.%2C+joins+race+to+lead+federal+Conservatives&rft.date=2022-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fpatrick-brown-mayor-of-brampton-ont-joins-race-to-lead-federal-conservatives-1.5817416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cp24.com/news/i-am-not-behind-leona-alleslev-officially-enters-conservative-leadership-race-1.5851012">"'I am not behind': Leona Alleslev officially enters Conservative leadership race"</a>. CP24. April 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410074012/https://www.cp24.com/news/i-am-not-behind-leona-alleslev-officially-enters-conservative-leadership-race-1.5851012">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CP24&rft.atitle=%27I+am+not+behind%27%3A+Leona+Alleslev+officially+enters+Conservative+leadership+race&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cp24.com%2Fnews%2Fi-am-not-behind-leona-alleslev-officially-enters-conservative-leadership-race-1.5851012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lethbridgenewsnow.com/2022/03/13/whos-in-whos-out-and-who-else-may-join-the-conservative-party-leadership-race-3/">"Who's in, who's out and who else may join the Conservative party leadership race"</a>. Lethbridge News Now. Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313191127/https://lethbridgenewsnow.com/2022/03/13/whos-in-whos-out-and-who-else-may-join-the-conservative-party-leadership-race-3/">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lethbridge+News+Now&rft.atitle=Who%27s+in%2C+who%27s+out+and+who+else+may+join+the+Conservative+party+leadership+race&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flethbridgenewsnow.com%2F2022%2F03%2F13%2Fwhos-in-whos-out-and-who-else-may-join-the-conservative-party-leadership-race-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/six-verified-candidates-vying-to-lead-the-conservative-party-of-canada-1.5884731">"Six verified candidates vying to lead the Conservative Party of Canada"</a>. CTVNews. May 2, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220502153636/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/six-verified-candidates-vying-to-lead-the-conservative-party-of-canada-1.5884731">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Six+verified+candidates+vying+to+lead+the+Conservative+Party+of+Canada&rft.date=2022-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fsix-verified-candidates-vying-to-lead-the-conservative-party-of-canada-1.5884731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNardiTumilty2022" class="citation news cs1">Nardi, Christopher; Tumilty, Ryan (July 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/conservative-leadership-organizers-disqualify-patrick-brown-from-race">"Patrick Brown disqualified from Conservative leadership race"</a>. National Post. Retrieved July 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Patrick+Brown+disqualified+from+Conservative+leadership+race&rft.date=2022-07-06&rft.aulast=Nardi&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Tumilty%2C+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fconservative-leadership-organizers-disqualify-patrick-brown-from-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-conservatives-hire-outside-lawyer-to-review-patrick-brown-s-appeal-request-1.5982857">"Federal Conservatives hire outside lawyer to review Patrick Brown's appeal request"</a>. CTVNews. July 11, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713025949/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/federal-conservatives-hire-outside-lawyer-to-review-patrick-brown-s-appeal-request-1.5982857">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Federal+Conservatives+hire+outside+lawyer+to+review+Patrick+Brown%27s+appeal+request&rft.date=2022-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-conservatives-hire-outside-lawyer-to-review-patrick-brown-s-appeal-request-1.5982857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-65"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2022" class="citation web cs1">Tasker, John Paul (September 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-leadership-election-results-1.6578329">"Conservative members pick MP Pierre Poilievre to be their new leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910220943/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-leadership-election-results-1.6578329">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Conservative+members+pick+MP+Pierre+Poilievre+to+be+their+new+leader&rft.date=2022-09-10&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fconservative-leadership-election-results-1.6578329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2022" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Stephanie (September 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/new-conservative-leader-poilievre-drops-in-on-quebec-caucus-before-meeting-with-mps-senators-1.6065139">"Conservative party internal data shows extent of Poilievre leadership victory"</a>. CTV News. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913164123/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/new-conservative-leader-poilievre-drops-in-on-quebec-caucus-before-meeting-with-mps-senators-1.6065139">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Conservative+party+internal+data+shows+extent+of+Poilievre+leadership+victory&rft.date=2022-09-12&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fnew-conservative-leader-poilievre-drops-in-on-quebec-caucus-before-meeting-with-mps-senators-1.6065139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CartyTent-67"><a href="#cite_ref-CartyTent_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Kenneth_Carty2015" class="citation book cs1">R. Kenneth Carty (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D-c0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16">Big Tent Politics: The Liberal Party's Long Mastery of Canada's Public Life</a>. UBC Press. pp. 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-3002-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-3002-7"><bdi>978-0-7748-3002-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331005406/https://books.google.com/books?id=D-c0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved November 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Big+Tent+Politics%3A+The+Liberal+Party%27s+Long+Mastery+of+Canada%27s+Public+Life&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-3002-7&rft.au=R.+Kenneth+Carty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD-c0CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> - (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/9447/1/9780774829991.pdf">PDF copy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306234413/https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/9447/1/9780774829991.pdf">Archived</a> March 6, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - UBC Press, 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-House2015-68"><a href="#cite_ref-House2015_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedom_House2016" class="citation book cs1">Freedom House (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5WEDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">Freedom in the World 2015: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties</a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-5408-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-5408-4"><bdi>978-1-4422-5408-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World+2015%3A+The+Annual+Survey+of+Political+Rights+and+Civil+Liberties&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-5408-4&rft.au=Freedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5WEDCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlaisLaslier2016-69"><a href="#cite_ref-BlaisLaslier2016_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndré_BlaisJean-François_LaslierKarihine_Van_der_Straeten2016" class="citation book cs1">André Blais; Jean-François Laslier; Karihine Van der Straeten (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_8YwDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">Voting Experiments</a>. Springer International Publishing. pp. 25–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-40573-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-40573-5"><bdi>978-3-319-40573-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voting+Experiments&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-319-40573-5&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Blais&rft.au=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Laslier&rft.au=Karihine+Van+der+Straeten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_8YwDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BittnerKoop2013b-70"><a href="#cite_ref-BittnerKoop2013b_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_BittnerRoyce_Koop2013" class="citation book cs1">Amanda Bittner; Royce Koop (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TdFTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA300">Parties, Elections, and the Future of Canadian Politics</a>. UBC Press. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2411-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-2411-8"><bdi>978-0-7748-2411-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331005406/https://books.google.com/books?id=TdFTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA300">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parties%2C+Elections%2C+and+the+Future+of+Canadian+Politics&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-2411-8&rft.au=Amanda+Bittner&rft.au=Royce+Koop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTdFTCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BaumerGold2015-71"><a href="#cite_ref-BaumerGold2015_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_C._BaumerHoward_J._Gold2015" class="citation book cs1">Donald C. Baumer; Howard J. Gold (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uBbvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT152">Parties, Polarization and Democracy in the United States</a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 152–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-25478-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-25478-2"><bdi>978-1-317-25478-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331010054/https://books.google.com/books?id=uBbvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT152">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parties%2C+Polarization+and+Democracy+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=152-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-25478-2&rft.au=Donald+C.+Baumer&rft.au=Howard+J.+Gold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuBbvCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/09/02/opinion/erin-otoole-polling-surge-signal-return-red-toryism">"Does Erin O'Toole's surge signal the return of Red Toryism?"</a>. September 2, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215153624/https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/09/02/opinion/erin-otoole-polling-surge-signal-return-red-toryism">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Erin+O%27Toole%27s+surge+signal+the+return+of+Red+Toryism%3F&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalobserver.com%2F2021%2F09%2F02%2Fopinion%2Ferin-otoole-polling-surge-signal-return-red-toryism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/opinion/ben-woodfinden-red-tory-vs-blue-tory-is-nothing-but-a-trap-set-by-liberals">"Ben Woodfinden: Red Tory vs. Blue Tory is nothing but a trap set by liberals"</a>. National Post. February 10, 2022. 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August 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415184607/https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/08/10/opinion/otooles-conservative-party-fracturing-eve-federal-election">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2022. 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Retrieved October 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+Herald&rft.atitle=Peter+McKenna%3A+What+would+an+Erin+O%27Toole+foreign+policy+look+like%3F&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechronicleherald.ca%2Fopinion%2Fregional-perspectives%2Fpeter-mckenna-what-would-an-erin-otoole-foreign-policy-look-like-509361%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitz2018" class="citation web cs1">Levitz, Stephanie (February 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-jerusalem-trump-israel-1.4552646">"Scheer says Tories will recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital if elected"</a>. cbc.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041038/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-jerusalem-trump-israel-1.4552646">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbc.ca&rft.atitle=Scheer+says+Tories+will+recognize+Jerusalem+as+Israel%27s+capital+if+elected&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft.aulast=Levitz&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-jerusalem-trump-israel-1.4552646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHepburn2018" class="citation web cs1">Hepburn, Bob (March 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/03/07/israel-policy-the-makings-of-a-major-blunder-by-scheer.html">"Israel policy the makings of a major blunder by Scheer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115055512/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/03/07/israel-policy-the-makings-of-a-major-blunder-by-scheer.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Israel+policy+the+makings+of+a+major+blunder+by+Scheer&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.aulast=Hepburn&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Fstar-columnists%2F2018%2F03%2F07%2Fisrael-policy-the-makings-of-a-major-blunder-by-scheer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101801/http://www.conservative.ca/media/20050319-CPCConstitution.pdf">"Constitution"</a> (PDF). Conservative Party of Canada. March 29, 2005. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conservative.ca/media/20050319-CPCConstitution.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 20, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Party+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Constitution&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservative.ca%2Fmedia%2F20050319-CPCConstitution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2024" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (September 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/sep/03/canada-trudeau-immigration-limits">"Canada turning away more foreigners amid rise in anti-immigration sentiment"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved October 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Canada+turning+away+more+foreigners+amid+rise+in+anti-immigration+sentiment&rft.date=2024-09-03&rft.aulast=Cecco&rft.aufirst=Leyland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fsep%2F03%2Fcanada-trudeau-immigration-limits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://financialpost.com/real-estate/pierre-poilievre-pledges-tie-immigration-levels-homebuilding">"Pierre Poilievre pledges to tie immigration levels to homebuilding"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121210156/https://financialpost.com/real-estate/pierre-poilievre-pledges-tie-immigration-levels-homebuilding">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved August 15, 2024. <q>The Conservative politician who's trying to take down Justin Trudeau said that if he's elected, he would link Canada's immigration levels to the number of homes being built.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pierre+Poilievre+pledges+to+tie+immigration+levels+to+homebuilding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinancialpost.com%2Freal-estate%2Fpierre-poilievre-pledges-tie-immigration-levels-homebuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/opinion/pierre-poilievre-housing-crisis-runaway-immigration-levels">"John Ivison: Poilievre signals he's willing to take a hatchet to runaway immigration levels"</a>. 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C'est impossible d'inviter 1,2 million de nouvelles personnes au Canada chaque année lorsqu'on bâtit 200 000 logements. C'est impossible. Il n'y a pas de place. Le Québec est au point de rupture», a déclaré le chef conservateur en entrevue au TVA Nouvelles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Immigration%3A+%22Le+Qu%C3%A9bec+est+au+point+de+rupture%22%2C+dit+Poilievre&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvanouvelles.ca%2F2024%2F06%2F20%2Fimmigration-le-quebec-est-au-point-de-rupture-dit-poilievre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/canada-reduce-immigration-targets-trudeau-acknowledges-policy-failed-115111486">"Canada will reduce immigration targets as Trudeau acknowledges his policy failed"</a>. 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Retrieved July 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Harper+lashes+out+at+latest+critic%3A+See+you+in+court&rft.date=2007-06-12&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=MacCharles%2C+Tonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F06%2F12%2Fharper_lashes_out_at_latest_critic_see_you_in_court.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hilltimes_Rana_20210321-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hilltimes_Rana_20210321_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hilltimes_Rana_20210321_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRana2021" class="citation news cs1">Rana, Abbas (March 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hilltimes.com/2021/03/21/former-hill-staffer-and-two-term-nova-scotia-national-councillor-batherson-elected-as-conservative-party-president/289819">"Conservatives elect former Hill staffer, two-term Nova Scotia national councillor Batherson as party president, 'and now the work begins'"</a>. The Hill Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321205323/https://www.hilltimes.com/2021/03/21/former-hill-staffer-and-two-term-nova-scotia-national-councillor-batherson-elected-as-conservative-party-president/289819">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill+Times&rft.atitle=Conservatives+elect+former+Hill+staffer%2C+two-term+Nova+Scotia+national+councillor+Batherson+as+party+president%2C+%27and+now+the+work+begins%27&rft.date=2021-03-21&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=Abbas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilltimes.com%2F2021%2F03%2F21%2Fformer-hill-staffer-and-two-term-nova-scotia-national-councillor-batherson-elected-as-conservative-party-president%2F289819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2023" class="citation web cs1">Bradley, Jonathan (September 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westernstandard.news/news/conservative-national-council-elects-stephen-barber-as-new-president/article_f8e0ce9c-50e8-11ee-8124-c3076459eaaa.html">"Conservative national council elects Stephen Barber as new president"</a>. Western Standard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240806200920/https://www.westernstandard.news/news/conservative-national-council-elects-stephen-barber-as-new-president/article_f8e0ce9c-50e8-11ee-8124-c3076459eaaa.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Standard&rft.atitle=Conservative+national+council+elects+Stephen+Barber+as+new+president&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westernstandard.news%2Fnews%2Fconservative-national-council-elects-stephen-barber-as-new-president%2Farticle_f8e0ce9c-50e8-11ee-8124-c3076459eaaa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_2021_u150-109"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_2021_u150_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/electoral-behaviour">"Voting Behaviour in Canada"</a>. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 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Retrieved April 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Voting+Behaviour+in+Canada&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Felectoral-behaviour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_2011_a407-110"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Canadian_Encyclopedia_2011_a407_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/conservative-party">"Conservative Party"</a>. The Canadian Encyclopedia. July 1, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426212748/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/conservative-party">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Conservative+Party&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fconservative-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-House_of_Commons_of_Canada_y518-111"><a href="#cite_ref-House_of_Commons_of_Canada_y518_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/members/en/party-standings">"Party Standings in the House of Commons"</a>. House of Commons of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210408154122/https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/party-standings">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=House+of+Commons+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Party+Standings+in+the+House+of+Commons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcommons.ca%2Fmembers%2Fen%2Fparty-standings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarney2013" class="citation book cs1">Farney, James (2013). Conservatism in Canada. University of Toronto Press. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatism+in+Canada&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Farney&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlamondon2013" class="citation book cs1">Plamondon, Bob (2013). Blue Thunder: The Truth About Conservatives from Macdonald to Harper. Key Porter Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Thunder%3A+The+Truth+About+Conservatives+from+Macdonald+to+Harper&rft.pub=Key+Porter+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Plamondon&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson" class="citation news cs1">Dickson, Janice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-tories-elect-don-plett-as-new-opposition-leader-in-the-senate/">"Tories elect Don Plett as new Opposition Leader in the Senate"</a>. www.theglobeandmail.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112190203/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-tories-elect-don-plett-as-new-opposition-leader-in-the-senate/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.theglobeandmail.com&rft.atitle=Tories+elect+Don+Plett+as+new+Opposition+Leader+in+the+Senate&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-tories-elect-don-plett-as-new-opposition-leader-in-the-senate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2021" class="citation news cs1">Bailey, Ian (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-not-entirely-ousted-senator-critical-of-otoole-remains-member-of-tory/">"Not entirely ousted: Senator critical of O'Toole remains member of Tory Senate caucus"</a>. Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119011317/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-not-entirely-ousted-senator-critical-of-otoole-remains-member-of-tory/">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Not+entirely+ousted%3A+Senator+critical+of+O%27Toole+remains+member+of+Tory+Senate+caucus&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-not-entirely-ousted-senator-critical-of-otoole-remains-member-of-tory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+of+Canada" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archival_holdings">Archival holdings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Archival holdings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/227/*/http://www.conservative.ca">Conservative Party of Canada – Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups</a> – Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/227/*/http://www.conservateur.ca/">Conservative Party of Canada (French) – Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups</a> – Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" 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last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 24 November 2024, at 02:23 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="حزب المحافظين الكندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب المحافظين الكندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_P%C3%B3-si%C3%BA_T%C3%B3ng" title="Canada Pó-siú Tóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Canada Pó-siú Tóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Консервативна партия на Канада – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Консервативна партия на Канада" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Conservador_del_Canad%C3%A0" title="Partit Conservador del Canadà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Conservador del Canadà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativn%C3%AD_strana_Kanady" title="Konzervativní strana Kanady – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konzervativní strana Kanady" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Geidwadol_Canada" title="Plaid Geidwadol Canada – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plaid Geidwadol Canada" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservative_Partei_Kanadas" title="Konservative Partei Kanadas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konservative Partei Kanadas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC" title="Συντηρητικό Κόμμα του Καναδά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συντηρητικό Κόμμα του Καναδά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Conservador_de_Canad%C3%A1" title="Partido Conservador de Canadá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Conservador de Canadá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservativa_Partio_(Kanado)" title="Konservativa Partio (Kanado) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konservativa Partio (Kanado)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="حزب محافظه‌کار کانادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب محافظه‌کار کانادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_conservateur_du_Canada" title="Parti conservateur du Canada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti conservateur du Canada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EB%8B%B9" title="캐나다 보수당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다 보수당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativna_stranka_(Kanada)" title="Konzervativna stranka (Kanada) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Konzervativna stranka (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Konservatif_Kanada" title="Partai Konservatif Kanada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Konservatif Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dhaldsflokkurinn_(Kanada)" title="Íhaldsflokkurinn (Kanada) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íhaldsflokkurinn (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Conservatore_del_Canada" title="Partito Conservatore del Canada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Conservatore del Canada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="המפלגה השמרנית של קנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה השמרנית של קנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_Conservativa_Canadae" title="Factio Conservativa Canadae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio Conservativa Canadae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8" title="حزب كندا المحافظ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب كندا المحافظ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Konservatif_Kanada" title="Parti Konservatif Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Konservatif Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Conservative Party of Canada" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E5%85%9A" title="カナダ保守党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダ保守党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadas_konservative_parti" title="Canadas konservative parti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canadas konservative parti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_Konservativ_partiyasi" title="Kanada Konservativ partiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kanada Konservativ partiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserwatywna_Partia_Kanady" title="Konserwatywna Partia Kanady – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konserwatywna Partia Kanady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Conservador_do_Canad%C3%A1" title="Partido Conservador do Canadá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Conservador do Canadá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Консервативная партия Канады – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Консервативная партия Канады" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Conservative Party of Canada" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Конзервативна партија Канаде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Конзервативна партија Канаде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativna_stranka_(Kanada)" title="Konzervativna stranka (Kanada) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Konzervativna stranka (Kanada)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadan_konservatiivipuolue" title="Kanadan konservatiivipuolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanadan konservatiivipuolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadas_konservativa_parti" title="Kanadas konservativa parti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kanadas konservativa parti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="கனடா பழமைவாதக் கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனடா பழமைவாதக் கட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="พรรคอนุรักษนิยมแห่งแคนาดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคอนุรักษนิยมแห่งแคนาดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_Muhafazak%C3%A2r_Partisi" title="Kanada Muhafazakâr Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanada Muhafazakâr Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Консервативна партія Канади – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Консервативна партія Канади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_B%E1%BA%A3o_th%E1%BB%A7_Canada" title="Đảng Bảo thủ Canada – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Bảo thủ Canada" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E5%85%9A" title="加拿大保守党 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加拿大保守党" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E9%BB%A8" title="加拿大保守黨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加拿大保守黨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E9%BB%A8" title="加拿大保守黨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大保守黨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> 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