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Tamen, to ne esas obliganta" class=""><span>Krear konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Latinida+linguo" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. 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<nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kontenajo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kontenajo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">celez</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco dil artiklo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Historio subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_la_klasika_Latina_a_la_vulgara_Latina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_klasika_Latina_a_la_vulgara_Latina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>De la klasika Latina a la vulgara Latina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_klasika_Latina_a_la_vulgara_Latina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_De_Vulgari_Eloquentia_til_nun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_De_Vulgari_Eloquentia_til_nun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>De <i>De Vulgari Eloquentia</i> til nun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_De_Vulgari_Eloquentia_til_nun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interna_historio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interna_historio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Interna historio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interna_historio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonetikala_chanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetikala_chanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fonetikala chanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonetikala_chanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ordinare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ordinare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>ordinare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ordinare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Konsonanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfo-sintaxala_chanji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfo-sintaxala_chanji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Morfo-sintaxala chanji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfo-sintaxala_chanji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kazo-sistemo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazo-sistemo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Kazo-sistemo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazo-sistemo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistikala_traiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistikala_traiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Linguistikala traiti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Linguistikala_traiti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Linguistikala traiti subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Linguistikala_traiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Precipua_traiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precipua_traiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Precipua traiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precipua_traiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fonologio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanti_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanti_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Konsonanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanti_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomala_morfologio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomala_morfologio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nomala morfologio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomala_morfologio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Numero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Genro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motivi_por_la_granda_quanto_e_diverseso_di_Latinida_lingui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivi_por_la_granda_quanto_e_diverseso_di_Latinida_lingui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Motivi por la granda quanto e diverseso di Latinida lingui</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivi_por_la_granda_quanto_e_diverseso_di_Latinida_lingui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikuro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikuro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Klasifikuro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasifikuro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skribo-sistemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skribo-sistemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Skribo-sistemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skribo-sistemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mutuala_komprenebleso_inter_Latinida_lingui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutuala_komprenebleso_inter_Latinida_lingui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mutuala komprenebleso inter Latinida lingui</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutuala_komprenebleso_inter_Latinida_lingui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komparo_inter_la_precipua_Latinida_lingui" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komparo_inter_la_precipua_Latinida_lingui"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Komparo inter la precipua Latinida lingui</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Komparo_inter_la_precipua_Latinida_lingui-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Komparo inter la precipua Latinida lingui subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Komparo_inter_la_precipua_Latinida_lingui-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nombri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nombri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Nombri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nombri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exempli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exempli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Exempli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exempli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliografio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Baskuli Bibliografio subsekcio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historio_e_general_aspekti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historio_e_general_aspekti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Historio e general aspekti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historio_e_general_aspekti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monografii,_universitatala_manuali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monografii,_universitatala_manuali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Monografii, universitatala manuali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monografii,_universitatala_manuali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extera_ligili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extera_ligili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Extera ligili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extera_ligili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenajo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Latinida linguo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 149 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 Lingui</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romaanse tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanische_Sprachen" title="Romanische Sprachen — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Romanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD" title="ሮማንስ ቋንቋዎች — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሮማንስ ቋንቋዎች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_romances" title="Luengas romances — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas romances" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisc_spr%C3%A6c" title="Romanisc spræc — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Romanisc spræc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات رومانسية — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات رومانسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܡܐܢܣܝܐ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܡܐܢܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_rom%C3%A1niques" title="Llingües romániques — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües romániques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Романиял мацӀал — avara" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Романиял мацӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_dill%C9%99ri" title="Roman dilləri — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roman dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="رومان دیللری — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رومان دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanische_Sprochn" title="Romanische Sprochn — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Romanische Sprochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Latin" title="Mga Latin — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mga Latin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Раманскія мовы — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раманскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Раманскія мовы — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Раманскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Романски езици — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Романски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="রোমান্স ভাষাসমূহ — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমান্স ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ལ་ཊིན་ནས་ཆད་པའི་ཡུལ་སྐད། — tibeta" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལ་ཊིན་ནས་ཆད་པའི་ཡུལ་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_romanek" title="Yezhoù romanek — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù romanek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanski_jezici" title="Romanski jezici — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Romanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_rom%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües romàniques — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües romàniques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Romanse" title="Pinulongang Romanse — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Romanse" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە ڕۆمانسییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_rumaniche" title="Lingue rumaniche — korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingue rumaniche" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Románské jazyky — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Románské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Романьсци ѩꙁꙑци — malnovslava" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Романьсци ѩꙁꙑци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="malnovslava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Rom%C3%A1wns" title="Ieithoedd Romáwns — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Romáwns" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanske_sprog" title="Romanske sprog — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romanske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanische_Sprachen" title="Romanische Sprachen — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Romanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Romanki" title="Zıwanê Romanki — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Romanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Romaniske rěcy — malsuprasoraba" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Romaniske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="malsuprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ρομανικές γλώσσες — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομανικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languv_lat%C3%A9n" title="Languv latén — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Languv latén" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Romance languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinida_lingvaro" title="Latinida lingvaro — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latinida lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_romances" title="Lenguas romances — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas romances" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaani_keeled" title="Romaani keeled — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Romaani keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_romancis" title="Lenguas romancis — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lenguas romancis" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های رومی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های رومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaaniset_kielet" title="Romaaniset kielet — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romaaniset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_romanes" title="Langues romanes — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues romanes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoues_romanes" title="Lengoues romanes — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lengoues romanes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaans_spriaken" title="Romaans spriaken — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Romaans spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghis_romanichis" title="Lenghis romanichis — friula" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghis romanichis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaanske_talen" title="Romaanske talen — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romaanske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_R%C3%B3m%C3%A1nsacha" title="Teangacha Rómánsacha — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Rómánsacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0nanan_R%C3%B2manach" title="Cànanan Ròmanach — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cànanan Ròmanach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_rom%C3%A1nicas" title="Linguas románicas — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas románicas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Romanagh" title="Çhengaghyn Romanagh — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Romanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Roman Ngî-chhu̍k — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Roman Ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Loma" title="ʻŌlelo Loma — havaja" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Loma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות רומאניות — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות רומאניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="रोमान्स भाषाएँ — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोमान्स भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_bhasa" title="Romance bhasa — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Romance bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanski_jezici" title="Romanski jezici — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Romanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Romaniske rěče — suprasoraba" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Romaniske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="suprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_wom%C3%A0n" title="Lang womàn — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang womàn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajlatin_nyelvek" title="Újlatin nyelvek — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újlatin nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռոմանական լեզուներ — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոմանական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_romanic" title="Linguas romanic — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas romanic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Roman" title="Rumpun bahasa Roman — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Roman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingues_romanic" title="Lingues romanic — Interlingveo" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lingues romanic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingveo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C3%B6nsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Rómönsk tungumál — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómönsk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_romanze" title="Lingue romanze — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue romanze" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AB%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="ロマンス諸語 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロマンス諸語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruomans_languij" title="Ruomans languij — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruomans languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_basa_Romanika" title="Kulawarga basa Romanika — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga basa Romanika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რომანული ენები — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რომანული ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_tilatinin" title="Tutlayin tilatinin — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayin tilatinin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilyem_Roman" title="Lilyem Roman — Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lilyem Roman" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Роман тілдері — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роман тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%9D%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="로망스어군 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로망스어군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_roman%C3%AE" title="Zimanên romanî — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên romanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanek" title="Romanek — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Romanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Роман тилдери — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Роман тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Romanicae" title="Linguae Romanicae — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Romanicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_romansas" title="Linguas romansas — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Linguas romansas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesch_Sproochen" title="Romanesch Sproochen — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Romanesch Sproochen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_romanica" title="Linguas romanica — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas romanica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roemaanse_tale" title="Roemaanse tale — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Roemaanse tale" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoe_romanse" title="Lengoe romanse — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengoe romanse" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingac_romanc" title="Lingac romanc — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingac romanc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengov_romanze" title="Lengov romanze — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengov romanze" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ກຸ່ມພາສາໂລມັງ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກຸ່ມພາສາໂລມັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Romanų kalbos — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Romanų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C4%81%C5%86u_valodas" title="Romāņu valodas — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Romāņu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_r%C3%B4mana" title="Fiteny rômana — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rômana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%8Dmana" title="Reo Rōmana — maoria" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rōmana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Романски јазици — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Романски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="റോമാൻസ് ഭാഷകൾ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോമാൻസ് ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="रोमान्स भाषासमूह — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमान्स भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Romawi" title="Bahasa-bahasa Romawi — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Romawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwi_Rumanzi" title="Lingwi Rumanzi — malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwi Rumanzi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9nguas_rom%C3%A1nicas" title="Lénguas románicas — miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lénguas románicas" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="رومی‌تبار زوونون — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رومی‌تبار زوونون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_neolatine" title="Lengue neolatine — napola" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengue neolatine" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaanse_talen" title="Romaanse talen — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romaanse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanske språk — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanske språk — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinidi_lingues" title="Latinidi lingues — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Latinidi lingues" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laungue_romanne" title="Laungue romanne — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Laungue romanne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_romanicas" title="Lengas romanicas — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas romanicas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Ромайнаг æвзæгтæ — oseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ромайнаг æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਰੋਮਾਂਸ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮਾਂਸ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_rom%C3%A1niko" title="Lenga romániko — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lenga romániko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_romanes" title="Langues romanes — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Langues romanes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_roma%C5%84skie" title="Języki romańskie — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki romańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_romanze" title="Lenghe romanze — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe romanze" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="رومنی بولیاں — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومنی بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="رومي ژبې — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رومي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_rom%C3%A2nicas" title="Línguas românicas — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas românicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumanu_simikuna" title="Rumanu simikuna — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rumanu simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_romanas" title="Linguas romanas — romanĉa" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Linguas romanas" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanĉa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanikane_chhiba" title="Romanikane chhiba — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Romanikane chhiba" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_romanice" title="Limbi romanice — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi romanice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Романские языки — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Романские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ — santala" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_romanzas" title="Limbas romanzas — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas romanzas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingui_rumanzi" title="Lingui rumanzi — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingui rumanzi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_leids" title="Romance leids — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Romance leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1nala%C5%A1_gielat" title="Románalaš gielat — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Románalaš gielat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanski_jezici" title="Romanski jezici — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Romanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Romance languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1nske_jazyky" title="Románske jazyky — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Románske jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanski_jeziki" title="Romanski jeziki — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Romanski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_neolatine" title="Gjuhët neolatine — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët neolatine" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Романски језици — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Романски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisk" title="Romanisk — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Romanisk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanska språk — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romanska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kirumi" title="Lugha za Kirumi — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kirumi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="உரோமானிய மொழிகள் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோமானிய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="กลุ่มภาษาโรมานซ์ — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาโรมานซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_wikang_Romanse" title="Mga wikang Romanse — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga wikang Romanse" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_zyvonon" title="Romani zyvonon — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Romani zyvonon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_dilleri" title="Latin dilleri — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latin dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Роман телләре — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роман телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Романські мови — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Романські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="رومنی زبانیں — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومنی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_tillari" title="Roman tillari — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Roman tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_R%C3%B4man" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Rôman — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Rôman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaansche_toaln" title="Romaansche toaln — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Romaansche toaln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCks_romenik" title="Püks romenik — Volapuko" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Püks romenik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaedjes_romans" title="Lingaedjes romans — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lingaedjes romans" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗曼语族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaonse_taelen" title="Romaonse taelen — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Romaonse taelen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗曼语族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_g%C3%AD-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Roman gí-cho̍k — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Roman gí-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="羅曼語族 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅曼語族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19814#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redaktar la ligili ad altra lingui" class="wbc-editpage">Redaktar ligili</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomaro"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latinida_linguo" title="Vidar la kontenajo di ca pagino [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artiklo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Debato:Latinida_linguo" rel="discussion" title="Diskuto pri la pagino di kontenajo [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Debato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifikar linguala varianto" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ido</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apari"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latinida_linguo"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=history" title="Pasinta versioni di ca pagino [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensili" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" 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align="center" class="noprint" style="width:80%; margin:10px auto; border-collapse:collapse; background: #fbfbfb; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-top: 5px solid #F28500}}};"> <tbody><tr> <td width="8%;" align="center"><div style="width:52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/40px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/60px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Commons-emblem-issue.svg/80px-Commons-emblem-issue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </div> </td> <td width="91%"><b>Ica seciono od artiklo havas un o plura problemi:</b><br />- erori pri sintaxo o gramatiko<br />- konfuza texto o mala tradukuro<br />- manko di importanta informi pri la temo<br />- violaco di autoroyuro.<br /><br />Ol mustos revizesar komplete. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="right" style="width: 300px; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1.4em; clear: right; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:110%; color:white; background-color:green">Latinida lingui </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;">Geografiala distributado: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurazia" title="Eurazia">Eurazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;">Nombro di parolanti: </td> <td>1 000 milioni </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;">Subdividuro: </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ibero-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ibero-Latinida linguaro">Ibero-Latinida linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ocitano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ocitano-Latinida linguaro">Ocitano-Latinida linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Galo-Italiana_linguaro" title="Galo-Italiana linguaro">Galo-Italiana linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Galo-Latinida_linguaro" title="Galo-Latinida linguaro">Galo-Latinida linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ocitano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ocitano-Latinida linguaro">Ocitano-Latinida linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Galo-Latinida_linguaro" title="Galo-Latinida linguaro">Galo-Latinida linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Reto-Latinida_linguaro" title="Reto-Latinida linguaro">Reto-Latinida linguaro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Balkano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Balkano-Latinida linguaro">Balkano-Latinida linguaro</a><br />Sardiniana linguaro </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:white; background-color:green">Kodexi </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</td> <td>roa </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;">ISO 639-3</td> <td>roa </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure{{{mapo}}}"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Map-Romance_Language_World.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Map-Romance_Language_World.png/300px-Map-Romance_Language_World.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Map-Romance_Language_World.png/450px-Map-Romance_Language_World.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Map-Romance_Language_World.png/600px-Map-Romance_Language_World.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> <center><small>Loki ube Latinida lingui parolesas.</small></center><br /><center> <p><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo"><span style="background-color:#0000FF;color:white;"> Franca </span></a> <a href="/wiki/Hispana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana linguo"><span style="background-color:#00B927;color:white;"> Hispana </span></a> <a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;color:black;"> Italiana </span></a> <a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo"><span style="background-color:#FF8400;color:white;"> Portugalana </span></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo"><span style="background-color:#FF0000;color:white;"> Rumana </span></a> </p> </center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5em;">Videz anke: <a href="/wiki/Linguaro" title="Linguaro">Linguaro</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>Latinida lingui</b> esas omna lingui qui originis de la <a href="/wiki/Latina_linguo" title="Latina linguo">Latina linguo</a> vulgare parolita en regioni del anciena <a href="/wiki/Romana_imperio" class="mw-redirect" title="Romana imperio">Romana imperio</a> qui ne konquestesis dal Mohamedani – exemple, nordal [[Afrika –, kontraste kun klasika e literatula Latina. Li formacas subdividuro di la <a href="/wiki/Italika_linguaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Italika linguaro">Italika linguaro</a>, ol ipsa fako del <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europana_linguaro" title="Indo-Europana linguaro">Indo-Europana linguaro</a>. La fako qua studias Latinida lingui esas <a href="/wiki/Latinida_filologio" title="Latinida filologio">Latinida filologio</a>. Ca lingui parolesas en teritorio konocata kom <i>Romania</i>, qua nun okupas precipue sudal e westal Europa, ma anke <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a>. </p><p>Ca lingui evolucionis de la <a href="/wiki/Latina_linguo" title="Latina linguo">Latina linguo</a> inter la 6ma e la 9ma yarcenti. Nun li havas plu kam 1 000 milion nativa parolanti, nome en Europa ed Amerika, ed anke havas granda nombro di ne-nativa parolanti e granda uzo kom helpolingui. Pro la desfacileso pri distingar inter linguo e dialekto, l'exakta nombro di Latinida lingui nun parolata esas nekonocata, ma l'ordinara kontado mencionas 25 (tamen l'exakta nombro esas plu granda). </p><p>La kin precipua Latinida lingui segun quanto di parolanti esas: Hispana (500 milioni), Portugalana (220 milioni), Franca (74 milioni), l'Italiana (59 milioni) e Rumana (24 milioni). Multa ek ca lingui havas multa ne-nativa parolanti, nome la Franca, tre uzata en Ocidental Afrika. </p><p>Artikli remplasas deklini. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Romance_20c_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Romance_20c_en.png/320px-Romance_20c_en.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Romance_20c_en.png/480px-Romance_20c_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Romance_20c_en.png/640px-Romance_20c_en.png 2x" data-file-width="3331" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption><i>Romania</i>; teritorii ube parolesas Latinida lingui en Europa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Latinida lingui evolucionis de Latina linguo. Pos la falio di Romana imperio, la Latina parolita en vasta teritorii di Europa recevis diferanta influi dum lua evoluciono en diferanta regioni, qui originis moderna lingui, exemple Hispana od Italiana. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaktar seciono: Historio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Historio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On povas subdividar l'evoluciono di la Latina e l'evoluciono di Latinida lingui en tri periodi: </p> <ol><li>inter <a href="/wiki/200_aK" class="mw-redirect" title="200 aK">200 aK</a> e <a href="/wiki/400" title="400">400</a>: diferanta formi di precipue parolata Latina pro influi lokala,</li> <li>inter 400 e 600: l'<a href="/wiki/Roman_imperio" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman imperio">imperio</a> falas, Roman institucuri lente desaparas sub Germana guvernado,</li> <li>poka pose <a href="/wiki/800" title="800">800</a>: lua existi esas agnoskar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours-sinodo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tours-sinodo (pagino ne existas)">Tours-sinodo</a>) e ye 842 unesma texto en protofranca, Strasbourg-juri.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_la_klasika_Latina_a_la_vulgara_Latina">De la klasika Latina a la vulgara Latina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaktar seciono: De la klasika Latina a la vulgara Latina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: De la klasika Latina a la vulgara Latina"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tra longa procedi qui komencis longatempe ante nun, en diferanta epoki segun la regiono (nome pos la 4ma yarcento, durinta til la 10ma yarcento), la kontato di la Latina kun la diversa lingui uzita dal habitanti di Romana imperio, nome en lua ocidentala parto, developesis to quo esos la lingui qui esos denifita kom Latinida. </p><p>Komence la Latina linguo parolita da la Romana funcioneri, dal soldati e dal komercisti qui vivis en certa provinco, recevis influi de la lingui (precipue la Kelta lingui) parolita en la regiono dal ndijena habitantaro. Latina parolita per ta Romani, sive de regionala perspektivo (to esas, dil provinco di origino, sive ne-evitabla diferi di acento e vorti, derivita dil procedo di latinigado plu o min intensa di ta provinco) kam de kulturala perspektivo (la soldati ne parolis kulta linguo kom la funcionari dil stato). Tala kontamino ne esis decisiva nam l’Imperio restis unionita kom politikala uniono pro la granda kulturala influo pro la granda kulturala influo: la pruvo esas la transvivo di poka Keltida vorti en la Latinida lingui. </p><p>La genezo-proceso di la nova lingui komencis acelerar forte en omna kazi kun la falo dil Imperio e la masiva enmigro di populi qui parolis Germana lingui en kurta periodo di tempo. Pos diversa invadi en multa regioni dil anciena imperio, l'existanta equilibro rasala e linguala modifikesis, pro l'anciena populi qui parolis Latina ekmigris vers altra regioni, dum ke la regiono koloniigesis da altra populi, exemple en Britannia, ube la habitanti (militisti, oficisti) qui parolis Latina abandonis la regiono dum la 5ma yarcento por kombatar invadi en altra regioni dil imperio, exemple Gallia ed Italia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_De_Vulgari_Eloquentia_til_nun">De <i>De Vulgari Eloquentia</i> til nun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaktar seciono: De De Vulgari Eloquentia til nun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: De De Vulgari Eloquentia til nun"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'unesma teoriala dokumento pri Latinida lingui, skribita en Latino, esas "<a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Vulgari_Eloquentia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Vulgari Eloquentia (pagino ne existas)">De Vulgari Eloquentia</a>" (l'eloquenteso dil vulgaro), da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dante (pagino ne existas)">Dante</a> (13ma yarcento), ube aparas la difero en <i>lingua d' </i>oïl<i> e </i>lingua d' <i>oc</i> ed anke linguo dil <i>si</i> (Italo-Latinida) referanta al formo dil parolo 'yes' en plura Latinida lingui. </p><p>Nune la maxim parolata Latinida linguo esas la Hispana, pose la Franca e la Portugalana e pose l'Italiana e la Rumana. </p><p>La Latina influis multe l'Angla, e cirkume 60% de la vortaro di Angla originis de la Latina ed anke kontributis por la kreado di multa auxiliara lingui, exemple <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interna_historio">Interna historio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaktar seciono: Interna historio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Interna historio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonetikala_chanji">Fonetikala chanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaktar seciono: Fonetikala chanji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=5" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Fonetikala chanji"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ordinare">ordinare</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaktar seciono: ordinare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=6" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: ordinare"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En antiqua Roma ol havas diglosio: Latina di literala texti o <i>sermo urbanus</i> trovis stagnata per gramatiko. Do, omnadia linguo ne esis klasika Latina ma diferanta forma quankam proxima, en divelopada procedo plu libera, <i>sermo plebeius</i>. Ica linguo esis omnadiala por la populo, la komercisti e la soldati e oni povas identifigar lo kam vulgara latino. </p><p>Inter la texti qui censuris le formi judikita kom dekadanta ed eroroza, on mustas remarkar l'"Appendiz Probi", kompilado di ofta "erori" kompilita da Probus qua datas dil 3ma yarcento. Ta formi, e no lia equivalanta en Klasika Latina, qua trovas e l'origino dil vorti uzati en la Latinida lingui. Hike ni skribas kelka exempli da Probus (segun la modelo A ne B, "[dicez] A, ne B"), klasifikata segun la tipo di finetikla evoluado ed akompanita da komentari qui permesas signalar precipa diferi inter Klasikala e Vulgara Latina. Ol nes esas posibla esar exhaustanta en ta materio ed inkluzar omna diferi inter amba Latini, ma l'<i>Appendix Probi</i> povas konstitucar introduko pri la temo: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. <i>calida non calda</i>, <i>masculus non masclus</i>, <i>tabula non tabla</i>, <i>oculus non oclus</i>, etc.</b></dd> <dd>Ta exempli mostras ke postonikala vokali o pretonikala tornis muta. Fakte, Latina vorti achentas <i>calida</i>, <i>masculus</i>, <i>tabula</i> ed <i>oculus</i>, e sequanta vokalo esis breva. Ta mutado provas anke ke tonal acento di Klasikala Latina tornis en intenses acento en Vulgara Latina (nam tonikal acento ne havus tenita influo sur netonika vokali di l'entorno).</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>2. <i>vínea non vinia</i>, <i>solea non solia</i>, <i>lancea non lancia</i>, etc.</b></dd> <dd>On vidas en ica frazo ke en Vulgara Latina di /e/ breva ante voaklo tornas en semikonsonanto /j/ (inicialo di "yod"); fenomeno nomizita "konsonantado" e konsistas, pose konsonanto, en la palatizado; ta konsonanti palatalizata (qui povas venar ek altra fonti), esas importanta en l'evoluciono di la Latina lingui pro deficito ke la Latina havis di palatala soni, desequilibro qua al fino originis transformado di granda parto dil primitiva konsonati dil Latino, per ta elemento palatala nomizita "yod". Ta transformado explikas pro quo obtenas, exemple, <i>vinya</i> en la Kataluniana ("viteyo") (kon /nj/, skribita en Latinida lingui kun nesama grafii: la digrafo <i>ny</i> en la Kataluniana, <i>gn</i> en la Franca ed Italiana, <i>ñ</i> en la Hispana ed en la Galisiana, <i>nh</i> en la Portugala ed en l'Okcitana e.c.).</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>3. <i>auris non oricla</i>.</b></dd> <dd>Probus observas en ica exemplo plura fenomeni: unesme, monoftongado o rekto di anciena diftongi: /au/ monoftongas en /o/, i en Vulgara Latina /ae/ facas ol en aperta /e/, kom /oe/ divenas fermita /e/. Pose, uzado di diminutiva sufixo -culus unionita ad <i>auris</i> (orelo) donacas <i>auricula</i>, (mikra orelo). Fakte, l'okupado di diminutivi en Vulgara Latina esas frequanta.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>4. <i>auctor non autor.</i></b></dd> <dd>Remarkas simplifikado o redukto di konsonantala grupi; tale /kt/ divenas /t/, e donacas <i>autor</i> en la Hispana ed en la Kataluniana, ed <i>auteur</i> en la Franca; pro sama kauzo /pt/ /t/ (<i>septem</i>, <i>scriptum</i>, <i>ruptum</i>), qua evolucionis en <i>set</i>, <i>escrit</i> ed la Hispana <i>roto</i>. En la Rumana /kt/ divenas /pt/ e /pt/ konservesas.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>5. <i>rivus non rios</i>, <i>sibilus non sifilus.</i></b></dd> <dd>La sono /w/ dil Latina, skribita per letro <i>u</i> (o <i>v</i> en moderna edicioni) evolucionis di nesama formi; vice surdinta til disaparo inter vokali (<i>ri(v)us</i>, qua donacas <i>riu</i> en la Kataluniana, <i>pa(v)or</i> qua donacas <i>peur</i> en la Franca o <i>paura</i> en l'Italiana), <b>o en espirant bilabial sonora després reforçada en /v/</b> (en majoritato di Latinida lingui); /p/ e /b/ en intervokalika posiciono evolucionis same, qua explikas ke <i>sibilus</i> donacis <i>sifilus</i>, savanta ke /f/ esas surda varianto di /v/; tale explikas <i>siffler</i> en la Franca (ek <i>sibilare</i>, qua tornas <i>sifilare</i> e pose <i>siflare</i>) o la Franca <i>savoir</i> (ek <i>sapere</i>, pose <i>sabere</i>, <i>savere</i>; la Kataluniana <i>saber</i> montras, per lua ortografia, qua restisen meza stato, e.c.).</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>6. <i>pridem non pride.</i></b></dd> <dd>Ica lasta exemplo (la listo ne esas exhaustiva) montras ke /m/ al fino di parolo ne pronuncis (quo ja eventis en Klasika Latina: Latina verso montras to). Ta silencado esas, inter altri, l'origino dil disaparo dil flexioni; Latinida lingui ne uzas, fakte, ja latina deklinadi ed uzas preposizioni qua naskis kom auxiliara sistemo e gradope remplasis flexiono.</dd></dl> <p>Ica listo ne esas exhaustiva ed esus necesara abordar la questiono dil <i>pan-Latinida</i> diftongado (qua konocas omna Latinida lingui) ed signalar qua numero di vokalis naskis kam konsequo di duesma diftongadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsonanti">Konsonanti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redaktar seciono: Konsonanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=7" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Konsonanti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Signifikanta sono chanji afektis la konsonanti di Latinida lingui. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfo-sintaxala_chanji">Morfo-sintaxala chanji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redaktar seciono: Morfo-sintaxala chanji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=8" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Morfo-sintaxala chanji"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kazo-sistemo">Kazo-sistemo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redaktar seciono: Kazo-sistemo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=9" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Kazo-sistemo"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La maxim signifikiva diferi inter Klasikala Latina e la prim-Latinida (en omna Latinida lingui) esas la diminutajo e perdajo dil Latinia kazala sistemo, e la korespondanta sintaxala chanji qua esis prenita. </p><p>La kazala sistemo esis reduktita ek la sis-kazala sistemo dil Latino. Quankam quar kazi povas kontrustesar por prim-Latinida nomi (nominativo, akuzativo, genitivo e dativo kombinita e vokativo), la vokativo esas marginala ed existas en la Rumana (ube ol esus kompleta novigo), e por l’altra kazi, ne pluse existas en altra lingui. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguistikala_traiti">Linguistikala traiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redaktar seciono: Linguistikala traiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=10" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Linguistikala traiti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precipua_traiti">Precipua traiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redaktar seciono: Precipua traiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=11" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Precipua traiti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latinida lingui havas numero di kompartita traiti inter omna lingui: </p> <ul><li>Latinida lingui esas modereme inflektita, c.e. ol existas modera komplexa sistemo di afixi (precipue sufixi) qui atachesas a vorti por expresar gramatikala informo kom numero, genero, persono, tempo, e.c. Verbi havas plu da inflexo kam nomi.</li> <li>Latinida lingui havas a pasable strikta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjekto-verbo-objekto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjekto-verbo-objekto (pagino ne existas)">subjekto-verbo-objekto</a> parolo-ordino, kun predonimanta uzo di kapo-unesma konstrukti. Adjektivi, genitivi e relativa klauzi omna sequas olia nukleo, quankam (ecepte la <a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo">Rumana</a>) determinanti ordinare precedas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologio">Fonologio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redaktar seciono: Fonologio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=12" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Fonologio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanti_2">Konsonanti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redaktar seciono: Konsonanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=13" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Konsonanti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La majoritato dil Latinida lingui havas sama konjunto di konsonanti. La sequanta esas la kombinata tablo dil konsonanti dil precipua Latinida lingui (Franca, Hispana, Italiana, Portugalana e Rumana). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <caption>Romance consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial consonant (pagino ne existas)">Bilabialo</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental consonant (pagino ne existas)">Labial-<br />dentalo</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interdental_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interdental consonant (pagino ne existas)">Inter-<br />dentalo</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dental_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dental consonant (pagino ne existas)">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar consonant (pagino ne existas)">Alveolar</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postalveolar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postalveolar consonant (pagino ne existas)">Post-<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal consonant (pagino ne existas)">Palatalo</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar consonant (pagino ne existas)">Velar</a>/<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular consonant (pagino ne existas)">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal consonant (pagino ne existas)">Glotalo</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca</th> <th>Voca </th> <th>Senvoca </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasal_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasal stop (pagino ne existas)">Nazalo</a> </th> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>m</b> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>n</b> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>ɲ</i> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plosive_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plosive consonant (pagino ne existas)">Klusilo</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>p</b></td> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>t</b></td> <td><b>d</b> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>k</b></td> <td><b>ɡ</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affricate_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Affricate consonant (pagino ne existas)">Afrikato</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">(ts)</td> <td>((dz)) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>tʃ</i></td> <td>(dʒ) </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricative_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricative consonant (pagino ne existas)">Frikativo</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>f</b></td> <td><i>v</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">((θ))</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>s</b></td> <td><i>z</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>ʃ</i></td> <td><i>ʒ</i> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">((x))</td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">((h)) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhotic_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhotic consonant (pagino ne existas)">Rhotic</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>ɾ,r</i> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td>(ʁ) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral consonant (pagino ne existas)">Lateralo</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>|</b> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;">(ʎ) </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Approximant_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Approximant consonant (pagino ne existas)">Aproximanto</a> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>j</b> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>w</b> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Omna Latinida lingui havas muta /h/. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomala_morfologio">Nomala morfologio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redaktar seciono: Nomala morfologio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=14" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Nomala morfologio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Substantivi, adjektivi e pronomi povas havar gramatikala genro, numero e kazo. Adjektivi e pronomi mustas akordar pri omna traiti kun la nomo a qua esas ligita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numero">Numero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redaktar seciono: Numero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=15" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Numero"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latinida lingui heredis dil Latino du gramatikala numeri, singularo e pluralo; ne existas traco dil duala numero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genro">Genro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redaktar seciono: Genro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=16" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Genro"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maxim Latinia lingui havas du genri: maskulala e feminalo. La genro di animata nomi esas ordinare naturala (c.e. nomi qui referas a homi esas ordinare maskulala ed inverse), ma por ne animata nomi esas arbitrala. </p><p>Quankam la Latina havis tri genri (neutra), ol esas mikra traco di to en la maxim lingui. La maxim granda ecepto esas la Rumana, ube existas produktiva klaso di "neutra" nomi, qua inkluzas la decendanti du multa Latina nuetra nomi e qua konduktesas kom maskulala en singularo e kom feminala en pluraro, amba en la finali akordata kun adjektivi e pronomi (exemple <i>un deget</i> "un fingro" vs. <i>două degete</i> "du fingri", komparar kun la Latina <i>digitum</i>, pl. <i>digita</i>). </p><p><br /> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"></th> <th rowspan="2">Infinitive</th> <th colspan="3">Indicative</th> <th>Subjunctive</th> <th>Imperative </th></tr> <tr> <th>Present</th> <th>Preterite</th> <th>Imperfect</th> <th>Present</th> <th>Present </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Latina_linguo" title="Latina linguo">Latina</a></b> </td> <td>dīcere</td> <td>dīcit</td> <td>dīxit</td> <td>dicēbat</td> <td>dīcat/dīcet</td> <td>dīc </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Aragonana_linguo" title="Aragonana linguo">Aragonana</a></b> </td> <td>dicir</td> <td>diz</td> <td>dició</td> <td>deciba/diciba</td> <td>diga</td> <td>diz </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Asturiana_linguo" title="Asturiana linguo">Asturiana</a></b> </td> <td>dicir</td> <td>diz</td> <td>dixo</td> <td>dicía</td> <td>diga</td> <td>di </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kataluniana_linguo" title="Kataluniana linguo">Kataluniana</a></b> </td> <td>dir</td> <td>diu/dit</td> <td>digué/va dir/dit</td> <td>deia</td> <td>digui/diga</td> <td>digues </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korsikana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korsikana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Korsikana</a></b> </td> <td>dì</td> <td>dice/dici</td> <td>disse/dissi</td> <td>dicia</td> <td>dica/dichi</td> <td>dì </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilian_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilian linguo (pagino ne existas)">Emilian</a></b> </td> <td>dîr</td> <td>dîs</td> <td>l'à détt / dgé</td> <td>dgeva</td> <td>dégga</td> <td>dì </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Provençal linguo (pagino ne existas)">Franco-Provençal</a></b> </td> <td>d<u>i</u>re</td> <td>di</td> <td>dè</td> <td>djéve</td> <td>dij<u>i</u>sse/dzéze</td> <td>dète </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a></b> </td> <td>dire</td> <td>dit</td> <td>dit</td> <td>disait</td> <td>dise</td> <td>dis </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Galisiana_linguo" title="Galisiana linguo">Galisiana</a></b> </td> <td>dicir</td> <td>di</td> <td>dixo</td> <td>dicía</td> <td>diga</td> <td>di </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo">Italiana</a></b> </td> <td>dicere/dire</td> <td>dice</td> <td>disse</td> <td>diceva</td> <td>dica</td> <td>dì </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaeo-Hispana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judaeo-Hispana (pagino ne existas)">Judaeo-Hispana (Ladino)</a></b> </td> <td>dezir</td> <td>dize</td> <td>disho</td> <td>dezía</td> <td>diga</td> <td>dezí </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Leonana_linguo" title="Leonana linguo">Leonana</a></b> </td> <td>dicire</td> <td>diz</td> <td>dixu</td> <td>dicía</td> <td>diga</td> <td>di </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milanese_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milanese linguo (pagino ne existas)">Milanese</a></b> </td> <td>dì</td> <td>dis</td> <td>ha dit</td> <td>diseva</td> <td>diga</td> <td>dì </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirandana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirandana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Mirandolese</a></b> </td> <td>dir</td> <td>diś</td> <td>à dit</td> <td>dgiva</td> <td>diga</td> <td>dì </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Napolitana_linguo" title="Napolitana linguo">Napolitana</a></b> </td> <td>dicere</td> <td>dice</td> <td>dicette</td> <td>diceva</td> <td>diche</td> <td>dije </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Okcitana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcitana linguo">Okcitana</a></b> </td> <td>díser/dire</td> <td>ditz</td> <td>diguèt</td> <td>disiá</td> <td>diga</td> <td>diga </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picard_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picard linguo (pagino ne existas)">Picard</a></b> </td> <td>dire</td> <td>dit</td> <td>-</td> <td>disoait</td> <td>diche</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piedmontese_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piedmontese linguo (pagino ne existas)">Piedmontese</a></b> </td> <td>dì</td> <td>dis</td> <td>dìsser<sup>1</sup>, l'ha dit</td> <td>disìa</td> <td>disa</td> <td>dis </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portugalana</a></b> </td> <td>dizer</td> <td>diz</td> <td>disse</td> <td>dizia</td> <td>diga</td> <td>diz<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo">Rumana</a></b> </td> <td>a zice, zicere<sup>3</sup></td> <td>zice</td> <td>zise</td> <td>zicea</td> <td>zică</td> <td>zi </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Romancha_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Romancha linguo">Romancha</a></b> </td> <td>dir</td> <td>di</td> <td>ha ditg</td> <td>discheva<sup>4</sup></td> <td>dia</td> <td>di </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sardiniana_linguo" title="Sardiniana linguo">Sardiniana</a></b> </td> <td>narrer<sup>5</sup></td> <td>narat<sup id="cite_ref-pronounce:_nàrada_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pronounce:_nàrada-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>at naradu<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>naraiat<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>narat<sup id="cite_ref-pronounce:_nàrada_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pronounce:_nàrada-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>nara<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siciliana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siciliana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Siciliana</a></b> </td> <td>dìciri</td> <td>dici</td> <td>dissi</td> <td>dicìa</td> <td>dica<sup>6</sup></td> <td>dici </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hispana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana linguo">Hispana</a></b> </td> <td>decir</td> <td>dice</td> <td>dijo</td> <td>decía</td> <td>diga</td> <td>di </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veneziana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veneziana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Veneziana</a></b> </td> <td>dir</td> <td>dise</td> <td>-</td> <td>disea</td> <td>diga</td> <td>dì/disi </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waloniana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waloniana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Waloniana</a></b> </td> <td>dire</td> <td>dit</td> <td>a dit</td> <td>dijheut</td> <td>dixhe</td> <td>di </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Basic meaning</b> </th> <td>to say</td> <td>he says</td> <td>he said</td> <td>he was saying</td> <td>he says</td> <td>say [thou] </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motivi_por_la_granda_quanto_e_diverseso_di_Latinida_lingui">Motivi por la granda quanto e diverseso di Latinida lingui</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redaktar seciono: Motivi por la granda quanto e diverseso di Latinida lingui" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=17" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Motivi por la granda quanto e diverseso di Latinida lingui"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturala fonetikala evoluciono dil lingui, a qua la Latina nature ne likis, explikas la maxim multa diferi inter kelka Latinida lingui. A ta procedo anke adjuntas lexikala diverseso di quo nominesas Vulgara Latina: la grandeso di Roman imperio e absenso di literaturala e gramatikala normo rezultis en lokala linguo ne fixita. Tale singl areo di l'Impero uzis partikulara Vulgara Latino kom ja ante videsis, linguo preferinta dicar "casa" (en la Hispana, la Kataluniana, l'Italiana, la Portugalana e la Rumana) ed altra linguo preferinta la termo "mansio" (kom la Francia <i>maison</i>). A ta du kauzi adjuntesas presenso di substrakti: lingui parolita komence en un areo e tegita di altra, lasanta kelka traiti en vortaro ed en gramatiko o en pronuncio en la linguo qua arivis. Tale, Galliana substrakto en la Franca lasis 180 vorti ed esas l'origino dil chanjo ek la Latina /u/ al Francia /y/. </p><p>Naturale, l'influo de Galliana ne restriktesis a <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portugalana</a> o la dialekti de la nordo di Italia, exemple, prenas anke kelka termini. Egale ula ciencisti konsideras ke lingui qui servis di substrakto per ula Ibero-Latinida lingui esis la Baska o la Baskiano-Iberiana. La Baska forsan aportis la chanjo di /f/ a /h/ en komenco di vorti en la Hispana e la Gaskoniana (Latine <i>farina</i> donacis <i>harina</i> en la Hispania ed <i>haria</i> en la Gaskoniana) ed vorti kom <i>izquierda</i> en la Hispana o <i>esquerra</i> en la Kataluniana (<i>ezker</i> en la Baskiana). Altra subtrakti dil Latina en Katalunia esas la Kelta, di Indo-Europana tipo, ne kom la Baskiana. </p><p>Ank existis influo dil Etruriana per l'Italiana dialekto dil Toskaniana, kom la pronuncado di /k/ kom /h/ o /χ/. On mustas dicar ke nun la teorii pri la substrakti Baska ed Etruriana deskredesas. </p><p>Fine, la superstrakto anke esas importanta por diferencialigo inter Latinida lingui: ol esas la lingui dil populi qui, instalanta su en la teritorio, ne povis impozar lua linguo ma lasis importanta traiti. La Francika superstrakto (to esas, Germana) en Gallia esas grava; la medievala vortaro esas plena, precipue en vorti pri milito ed rurala vivo. </p><p>La Franca e l'Okcitana havas multa vorti ek Germana lingui. Anke la Kataluniana e la Hispana havas Germana vorti ek la Gotiana en la kazo di ambi, ed anke ek la Franka en la kazo dil Kataluniana. </p><p>En la Hispana la superstrakto plu importanta esas l'Arabiana: ek ta linguo devenas 4000 paroli, inter li toponimi ed kompozata vorti. La maxim importanta karakterizivo esas la manteno quasi sistematikala di Arabian artiklo en la parolo, quankam en altra Latinida lingui qui prenis la sama parolo perdis lo. Tale eventas kun la Hispana vorto <i>algodón</i>, <i>cotó</i> en la Kataluniana ed <i>coton</i> en l'Okcitana, qua devenas el l'Arabiana <i>al quṭun</i>. </p><p>Fine, Rumana prenis vokativo, kelka vorti e procedi di palatalizado de Slava lingui, diferanta de altra Latinida lingui. </p><p>On povas donacar hike la rezulti di studio da M. Pei ye 1949, quon komparas grado di evoluciono di plura lingui rispekto al matrala linguo; por la maxim importanta Latinida lingui, si nun judikesas kom tonikala vokali, obtenas, rispekto al Latina, ta koeficenti di evoluciono: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardiniana_linguo" title="Sardiniana linguo">Sardiniana</a>: 8 %;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo">Italiana</a>: 12 %;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana linguo">Hispana</a>: 20 %;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo">Rumana</a>: 23,5 %;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okcitana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcitana linguo">Okcitana</a>: 25 %;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portugalana</a>: 31 %;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a>:44 %.</li></ul> <p>Tale esas posibla vidar kon facileso la grado di variebleso dil konservadurismo dil Latinida lingui. La maxim proxima al Latina (fonetikale e nun judikata kom tonikala vokali) esas la Sardiniana, e la maxim fora esas la Franca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikuro">Klasifikuro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redaktar seciono: Klasifikuro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=18" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Klasifikuro"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Iberorromance_occidental.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Iberorromance_occidental.PNG/250px-Iberorromance_occidental.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Iberorromance_occidental.PNG/375px-Iberorromance_occidental.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Iberorromance_occidental.PNG/500px-Iberorromance_occidental.PNG 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Ibero-Latinida lingui en Hispania, Francia, Portugal, Andorra e Sardinia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG/220px-Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG/330px-Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG/440px-Ibero_orientales_aragon%C3%A9s.PNG 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Distributado dil Ocitano-Latinida lingui.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png/300px-Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png/450px-Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png/600px-Linguistic_map_of_Italy.png 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="2054" /></a><figcaption>Lingui di Italia: Galo-Italiana grupo esas verde, Centrala Italo-Latinida esas blue e la Siciliana esas bruna.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skribo-sistemi">Skribo-sistemi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redaktar seciono: Skribo-sistemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=19" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Skribo-sistemi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin-left:20px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <i>Precipua artiklo: <a href="/wiki/Latina_alfabeto" title="Latina alfabeto">Latina alfabeto</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La maxim multa Latinida lingui mantenis Latina alfabeto, kun adapti a lia evoluciono. L'unika eceptajo esis la linguo Rumana, qua depos la retreto di Romani, ed ante la 19ma yarcento uzis Kirila alfabeto. La Kirila anke uzesis en <a href="/wiki/Sovietia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovietia">Sovietia</a> por skriptar Moldovana dialekto de Rumaniana. En Hispania dum la Mezepoko uzesis Araba alfabeto por skribar Mozaraba dialekto, e Hebrea literi por skribar Ladino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mutuala_komprenebleso_inter_Latinida_lingui">Mutuala komprenebleso inter Latinida lingui</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redaktar seciono: Mutuala komprenebleso inter Latinida lingui" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=20" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Mutuala komprenebleso inter Latinida lingui"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segun Ethnologue <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="60"><big>%</big> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Kataluniana_linguo" title="Kataluniana linguo">Kataluniana</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo">Italiana</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portugalana</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Romancha_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Romancha linguo">Romancha</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo">Rumana</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Hispana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana linguo">Hispana</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Sardiniana_linguo" title="Sardiniana linguo">Sardiniana</a> </th> <th width="60"><a href="/wiki/Okcitana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcitana linguo">Okcitana</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a></b></td> <td></td> <td>85</td> <td>89</td> <td>75</td> <td>78</td> <td>75</td> <td>75</td> <td>80</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kataluniana_linguo" title="Kataluniana linguo">Kataluniana</a></b></td> <td>85</td> <td></td> <td>87</td> <td>85</td> <td>76</td> <td>73</td> <td>85</td> <td>75</td> <td>95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo">Italiana</a></b></td> <td>89</td> <td>87</td> <td></td> <td>73</td> <td>78</td> <td>77</td> <td>82</td> <td>85</td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portugalana</a></b></td> <td>75</td> <td>85</td> <td>73</td> <td></td> <td>74</td> <td>72</td> <td>89</td> <td>78</td> <td>73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Romancha_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Romancha linguo">Romancha</a></b></td> <td>78</td> <td>76</td> <td>78</td> <td>74</td> <td></td> <td>72</td> <td>74</td> <td>74</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo">Rumana</a></b></td> <td>75</td> <td>73</td> <td>77</td> <td>72</td> <td>72</td> <td></td> <td>71</td> <td>74</td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hispana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana linguo">Hispana</a></b></td> <td>75</td> <td>85</td> <td>82</td> <td>89</td> <td>74</td> <td>71</td> <td></td> <td>76</td> <td>74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sardiniana_linguo" title="Sardiniana linguo">Sardiniana</a></b></td> <td>80</td> <td>75</td> <td>85</td> <td>78</td> <td>74</td> <td>74</td> <td>76</td> <td></td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Okcitana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcitana linguo">Okcitana</a></b></td> <td>75</td> <td>95</td> <td>78</td> <td>73</td> <td>75</td> <td>78</td> <td>74</td> <td>76</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komparo_inter_la_precipua_Latinida_lingui">Komparo inter la precipua Latinida lingui</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redaktar seciono: Komparo inter la precipua Latinida lingui" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=21" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Komparo inter la precipua Latinida lingui"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top" style="background:#EFEFEF"> <td width="60"><b>Ido</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Latina</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Sardiniana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Siciliana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Italiana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Korsikana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Kastiliana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Portugalana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Galisiana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Okcitana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Katalaniana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Friulana</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Franca</b> </td> <td width="60"><b>Rumana</b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">fromajo </td> <td>caseus </td> <td>casu </td> <td>furmanciu </td> <td>formaggio / cacio </td> <td>casgiu / furmagliu </td> <td>queso </td> <td>queijo </td> <td>queixo </td> <td>formatge </td> <td>formatge </td> <td>formadi </td> <td>fromage </td> <td>caş </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">kantar </td> <td>cantare </td> <td>cantai </td> <td>cantari </td> <td>cantare </td> <td>cantà </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cjantâ </td> <td>chanter </td> <td>cînta </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">kapro </td> <td>capra </td> <td>craba </td> <td>crapa </td> <td>capra </td> <td>capra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cjavre </td> <td>chèvre </td> <td>capra </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">klefo </td> <td>clave </td> <td>crai </td> <td>chiavi (ciavi) </td> <td>chiave </td> <td>chjave </td> <td>llave </td> <td>chave </td> <td>chave </td> <td>clau </td> <td>clau </td> <td>clâf </td> <td>clé </td> <td>cheie </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">eklezio </td> <td>ecclesia </td> <td>crèsia </td> <td>chiesa </td> <td>chiesa </td> <td>chjesa </td> <td>iglesia </td> <td>igreja </td> <td>igrexa </td> <td>glèisa </td> <td>església </td> <td>glesie </td> <td>église </td> <td>bisericǎ </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">hospitalo </td> <td>hospitalis </td> <td>spidali </td> <td>spidali </td> <td>ospedale </td> <td>ospidale </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>espitau </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>ospedâl </td> <td>hôpital </td> <td>spital </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">linguo </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lengua </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lenga </td> <td>llengua </td> <td>lenghe </td> <td>langue </td> <td>limbǎ </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">placo </td> <td>platea </td> <td>prazza </td> <td>chiazza </td> <td>piazza </td> <td>piazza </td> <td>plaza </td> <td>praça </td> <td>praza </td> <td>plaça </td> <td>plaça </td> <td>place </td> <td>place </td> <td>piaţǎ </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">ponto </td> <td>pons </td> <td>ponti </td> <td>ponti </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>puente </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>pònt </td> <td>pont </td> <td>puint </td> <td>pont </td> <td>pod </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#efefef">nokto </td> <td>nocte </td> <td>notti </td> <td>notti </td> <td>notte </td> <td>notte </td> <td>noche </td> <td>noite </td> <td>noite </td> <td>nuèit / nuèch </td> <td>nit </td> <td>gnot </td> <td>nuit </td> <td>noapte </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nombri">Nombri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redaktar seciono: Nombri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=22" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Nombri"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rikonstruktado di nombri de 1 til 10 en Latinida grupi: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><small>GLOSA</small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ibero-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ibero-Latinida linguaro">Ibero-<br />Latinida</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ocitano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ocitano-Latinida linguaro">Ocitano-<br />Latinida</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Galo-Latinida_linguaro" title="Galo-Latinida linguaro">Galo-<br />Latinida</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Galo-Italiana_linguaro" title="Galo-Italiana linguaro">Galo-<br />Italiana</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Reto-Latinida_linguaro" title="Reto-Latinida linguaro">Reto-<br />Latinida</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro-Sudala_Italiana_linguaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro-Sudala Italiana linguaro (pagino ne existas)">Italo-<br />Latinida</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Balkano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Balkano-Latinida linguaro">Balkano-<br />Latinida</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>'1'</td> <td>*un/*una</td> <td>*un/*una</td> <td>*ɶ̃~*ɔ̃/*ynə</td> <td>*yŋ/*yna</td> <td>*uŋ/*una</td> <td>*uno/*una</td> <td>*un/*una </td></tr> <tr> <td>'2'</td> <td>*dos/*duas</td> <td>*dos/*duas</td> <td>*do/*due</td> <td>*dui/*due</td> <td>*dui/*duas</td> <td>*due</td> <td>*doi / *dowə </td></tr> <tr> <td>'3'</td> <td>*tres</td> <td>*tres</td> <td>*treis</td> <td>*trei/*trɛ</td> <td>*treis/*trei</td> <td>*tre</td> <td>*trei </td></tr> <tr> <td>'4'</td> <td>*kwatro</td> <td>*kwatre</td> <td>*katre</td> <td>*kwatr(o)</td> <td>*kwater</td> <td>*kwattro</td> <td>*patru </td></tr> <tr> <td>'5'</td> <td>*ʦinko</td> <td>*sink</td> <td>*sẽk</td> <td>*ʦinkwe</td> <td>*ʧiŋk</td> <td>*ʧiŋkwe</td> <td>*ʦinʦe </td></tr> <tr> <td>'6'</td> <td>*seis</td> <td>*sieis</td> <td>*sis</td> <td>*sei</td> <td>*seis</td> <td>*sei</td> <td>*sæse </td></tr> <tr> <td>'7'</td> <td>*sɛte</td> <td>*sɛt</td> <td>*sɛt</td> <td>*sɛt(e)</td> <td>*sɛt</td> <td>*sɛtte</td> <td>*sæpte </td></tr> <tr> <td>'8'</td> <td>*oito</td> <td>*ueit</td> <td>*uit</td> <td>*øt(o)~ɔt(o)</td> <td>*ɔt</td> <td>*otto</td> <td>*optu </td></tr> <tr> <td>'9'</td> <td>*nɔβe</td> <td>*nɔu</td> <td>*nɶf</td> <td>*nɶv</td> <td>*noʊv</td> <td>*nɔve</td> <td>*nowə </td></tr> <tr> <td>'10'</td> <td>*dɛʦ</td> <td>*dɛʦ</td> <td>*dis</td> <td>*dɛʒ(e)</td> <td>*deʃ</td> <td>*dɛʧi</td> <td>*ʣæʦe </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exempli">Exempli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redaktar seciono: Exempli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=23" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Exempli"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hike on montras exempli pri frazi en diversa Latinida lingui. </p> <dl><dd><table cellspacing="3px"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></td> <td><i>(Elu) sempre klozas la finestro antee dineo.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latina_linguo" title="Latina linguo">Latina</a></td> <td><i>(Ea) semper antequam cenat fenestram claudit.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aragonana_linguo" title="Aragonana linguo">Aragonana</a></td> <td><i>(Ella) zarra siempre a finestra antes de cenar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARumana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARumana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Aromaniana</a></td> <td><i>(Ea/Nâsa) încljidi/nkidi totna firida ninti di tsinâ.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asturiana_linguo" title="Asturiana linguo">Asturian</a></td> <td><i>(Ella) pieslla siempres la ventana enantes de cenar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bergamoana</td> <td><i>(Lé) la sèra sèmper sö la finèstra prima de senà.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bolognana dialekto</td> <td><i>(Lî) la sèra sänper la fnèstra prémma ed dsnèr.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kataluniana_linguo" title="Kataluniana linguo">Kataluniana</a></td> <td><i>(Ella) sempre tanca la finestra abans de sopar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korsikana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korsikana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Korsikana</a></td> <td><i>(Ella/Edda) chjode sempre u purtellu nanzu di cenà.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emiliana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emiliana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Emiliana</a></td> <td><i>(Lē) la sèra sèmpar sù la fnèstra prima ad snàr.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Extremadurana_linguo" title="Extremadurana linguo">Extremadurana linguo</a></td> <td><i>(Ella) afecha siempri la ventan antis de cenal.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Provencala_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Provencala linguo (pagino ne existas)">Franco-Provencala</a></td> <td><i>(Le) sarre toltin/tojor la fenétra avan de goutâ/dinar/sopar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a></td> <td><i>Elle ferme toujours la fenêtre avant de dîner/souper.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Friulana_linguo" title="Friulana linguo">Friulana</a></td> <td><i>(Jê) e siere simpri il barcon prin di cenâ.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galisiana_linguo" title="Galisiana linguo">Galisiana</a></td> <td><i>(Ela) pecha/fecha sempre a fiestra/xanela antes de cear.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo">Italiana</a></td> <td><i>(Ella/Lei) chiude sempre la finestra prima di cenare.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juda-Hispana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juda-Hispana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Juda-Hispana</a></td> <td><i>Eya serra syempre la ventan antes de senar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ladina_linguo" title="Ladina linguo">Ladina</a></td> <td><i>(Ëra) stlüj dagnora la finestra impröma de cenè.</i> (badiot) <i>(Ëila) stluj for l viere dan maië da cëina</i> (gherdëina) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonana_linguo" title="Leonana linguo">Leonana</a></td> <td><i>(Eilla) pecha siempre la ventana primeiru de cenare.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liguriana</td> <td><i>(Le) a saera sempre u barcun primma de cenà.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Milanana</td> <td><i>(Le) la sara semper sü la finestra prima de disnà.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirandana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirandana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Mirandana</a></td> <td><i>(Eilha) cerra siempre la bentana/jinela atrás de jantar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mozarabiana</td> <td><i>Ella cloudet sempre la fainestra abante da cenare.</i> (rikonstruktita) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napolitana_linguo" title="Napolitana linguo">Napolitana</a></td> <td><i>Essa nzerra sempe 'a fenesta primma 'e magnà.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Normanda_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normanda linguo (pagino ne existas)">Normanda</a></td> <td><i>Lli barre tréjous la crouésie devaunt de daîner.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Okcitana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcitana linguo">Occitan</a></td> <td><i>(Ela) barra sempre/totjorn la fenèstra abans de sopar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pikardiana</td> <td><i>Ale frunme tojours l’ creusèe édvint éd souper.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piemontana_linguo" title="Piemontana linguo">Piedmontese</a></td> <td><i>Chila a sara sèmper la fnestra dnans ëd fé sin-a/dnans ëd siné.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portuguese</a></td> <td><i>Ela fecha sempre a janela antes de jantar/cear.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rumana_linguo" title="Rumana linguo">Rumana</a></td> <td><i>Ea închide totdeauna fereastra înainte de a cina.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romancha_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Romancha linguo">Romansh</a></td> <td><i>Ella clauda/serra adina la fanestra avant ch'ella tschainia.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sardiniana_linguo" title="Sardiniana linguo">Sardiniana</a></td> <td><i>Issa serrat semper sa bentana innantis 'e chenare.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sasariana</td> <td><i>Edda sarra sempri lu balchoni primma di zinà.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicliana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicliana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Sicilian</a></td> <td><i>Idda chiui sempri la finestra prima di pistiari/manciari.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana linguo">Hispana</a></td> <td><i>(Ella) siempre cierra la ventan antes de cenar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Umbriana</td> <td><i>Essa chjude sempre la finestra prima de cena'.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veneziana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veneziana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Veneziana</a></td> <td><i>Eła ła sara/sera sempre ła fenestra vanti de xenàr/disnar.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waloniana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waloniana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Waloniana</a></td> <td><i>Ele sere todi li finiesse divant di soper.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referi">Referi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redaktar seciono: Referi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=24" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Referi"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <small><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pronounce:_nàrada-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pronounce:_nàrada_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pronounce:_nàrada_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">pronounce: nàrada</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">pronounce: à nnaràdu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">pronounce: naraìada</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">pronounce: nàra</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ethnologue, Languages of the World,</i> 15.<sup>ta</sup> ediciono, SIL International, 2005.</span> </li> </ol></div></small> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografio">Bibliografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Redaktar seciono: Bibliografio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=25" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Bibliografio"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Holtus, Günter/Metzeltin, Michael/Schmitt, Christian: <i>Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik (LRL)</i>. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1988-2005 (12 tomos).</li> <li>Lindenbauer, Petrea/Metzeltin, Michael/Thir, Margit: <i>Die romanischen Sprachen. Eine einführende Übersicht</i>. G. Egert, Wilhelmsfeld 1995.</li> <li>Metzeltin, Michael: <i>Las lenguas románicas estándar. Historia de su formación y de su uso</i>. Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, Uviéu 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historio_e_general_aspekti">Historio e general aspekti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Redaktar seciono: Historio e general aspekti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=26" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Historio e general aspekti"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M. Banniard, <i>Du latin aux langues romanes</i>, 1997, Nathan ;</li> <li>Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, <i>Des langues romanes</i>, éditions Duculot, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1994 (2è édition) ;</li> <li>Michael Metzeltin, <i>Las lenguas románicas estándar. Historia de su formación y de su uso</i>. Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, Uviéu 2004.</li> <li>Wilfried Stroh, <i>Le latin est mort, vive le latin ! Petite histoire d'une grande langue</i>, traduit de l'allemand, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2008, 302 pages.</li> <li>Paul Teyssier, <i>Comprendre les langues romanes, du français à l'espagnol, au portugais, à l'italien & au roumain, méthode d'intercompréhension</i>, Paris, Chandeigne, 2004 ;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monografii,_universitatala_manuali"><span id="Monografii.2C_universitatala_manuali"></span>Monografii, universitatala manuali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Redaktar seciono: Monografii, universitatala manuali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=27" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Monografii, universitatala manuali"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pierre Bec, <i>Manuel pratique de philologie romane</i>, Paris, 1970-1971, deux tomes ;</li> <li>Édouard Bourciez, <i>Éléments de linguistique romane</i>, Paris, 1967 pour la 5è édition ;</li> <li>Yves Cortez, <i>Le français ne vient pas du latin</i>, Paris, 2007, Éditions L'harmattan.</li> <li>M.-D. Glessgen, <i>Domaines et Méthodes de la linguistique romane</i>, Zürich, 2004-2005, RoSe, 2 vol. ;</li> <li>Günter Holtus/Michael Metzeltin/Christian Schmitt: <i>Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik (LRL).</i> Niemeyer, Tübingen 1988-2005 (12 volumes).</li> <li>Mireille Huchon, <i>Histoire de la langue française</i>, Paris, 2002 ;</li> <li>Petrea Lindenbauer/Michael Metzeltin/Margit Thir, <i>Die romanischen Sprachen. Eine einführende Übersicht</i>. G. Egert, Wilhelmsfeld 1995.</li> <li>Max Niedermann, <i>Phonétique historique du latin</i>, Paris, 1953 pour la 3è édition ;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extera_ligili">Extera ligili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Redaktar seciono: Extera ligili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinida_linguo&action=edit&section=28" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Extera ligili"><span>redaktar fonto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.at/books?id=LRumIF1TLVkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Las+lenguas+rom%C3%A1nicas+est%C3%A1ndar.+Historia+de+su+formaci%C3%B3n+y+de+su+uso&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Michael Metzeltin, <i>Las lenguas románicas estándar. Historia de su formación y de su uso</i>, Oviedo, 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090926004827/http://www.romaniaminor.net/mapes/romania.swf">Mapo dil Latinida lingui</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205001041/http://crdp.ac-bordeaux.fr/langues/">Web-pagino pri l'ensino dil regionala lingui en Akademio di Bordeux</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gascon.ac-bordeaux.fr">Web-pagino pri l'ensino di l'Okcitana en skoli</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguaromana.byu.edu/"><i>Lingua romana</i></a>: Jurnalo pri Franca, Italiana e Rumana kulturi</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orbilat.com/">Orbis Latinus, web pri Latinida lingui</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501100652/http://www6.ocn.ne.jp/~wil/">The World of Comparative and Historical Linguistics, Hugh Everard Wilkinson</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible nowraplinks noprint" style="margin:auto; width:100%; clear:both; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:100%; background:#ccf; font-size:90%;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="float:left; font-size:xx-small; width:6em; text-align:left; padding:0 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Indo-Europana_linguaro" title="Shablono:Indo-Europana linguaro"><span title="Irez a la pagino dil shablono.">v</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Shablono_Debato:Indo-Europana_linguaro" title="Shablono Debato:Indo-Europana linguaro"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Diskuto pri la shablono.">d</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Indo-Europana_linguaro&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Uzebla por modifikar la shablono. Uzez pre-vidado (preview) ante prezervar.">m</span></a></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europana_linguaro" title="Indo-Europana linguaro">Indo-Europana linguaro</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latinida lingui</a></th><td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Sardiniana_linguo" title="Sardiniana linguo">Sardiniana</a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ibero-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ibero-Latinida linguaro">Ibero-Latinida linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aragonana_linguo" title="Aragonana linguo">Aragonana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asturiana_linguo" title="Asturiana linguo">Asturiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Extremadurana_linguo" title="Extremadurana linguo">Extremadurana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Galisiana_linguo" title="Galisiana linguo">Galisiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hispaniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispaniana linguo">Kastiliana/Hispaniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonana_linguo" title="Leonana linguo">Leonana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Portugalana_linguo" title="Portugalana linguo">Portugalana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Galo-Latinida_linguaro" title="Galo-Latinida linguaro">Galo-Latinida linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo">Franca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arpitaniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitaniana linguo">Arpitaniana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ocitano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ocitano-Latinida linguaro">Ocitano-Latinida linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kataluniana_linguo" title="Kataluniana linguo">Kataluniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ocitaniana_linguo" title="Ocitaniana linguo">Ocitaniana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Galo-Italiana_linguaro" title="Galo-Italiana linguaro">Galo-Italiana linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Piemontana_linguo" title="Piemontana linguo">Piemontana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liguriana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liguriana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Liguriana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardiana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardiana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Lombardiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio-Romagnana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio-Romagnana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Emilio-Romagnana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venetana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Venetana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Centro-sudala_Italiana_linguaro" title="Centro-sudala Italiana linguaro">Centro-sudala Italiana linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Italiana_linguo" title="Italiana linguo">Italiana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Reto-Latinida_linguaro" title="Reto-Latinida linguaro">Reto-Latinida linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Romancha_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Romancha linguo">Romancha</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ladina_linguo" title="Ladina linguo">Ladina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friulana_linguo" title="Friulana linguo">Friulana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Balkano-Latinida_linguaro" title="Balkano-Latinida linguaro">Balkano-Latinida linguaro</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Rumaniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumaniana linguo">Rumaniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Istro-Rumaniana_linguo" title="Istro-Rumaniana linguo">Istro-Rumaniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arumaniana_linguo" title="Arumaniana linguo">Arumaniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Megleno-Rumaniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Megleno-Rumaniana">Megleno-Rumaniana</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Germana_lingui" class="mw-redirect" title="Germana lingui">Germana lingui</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left;background:#f7f7f7; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Westala_Germana" title="Westala Germana">Westala Germana</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Afrikansa_linguo" title="Afrikansa linguo">Afrikansa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Angla_linguo" title="Angla linguo">Angla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friziana_linguo" title="Friziana linguo">Friziana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgiana_linguo" title="Luxemburgiana linguo">Luxemburgiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Germana linguo">Germana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nederlandana_linguo" title="Nederlandana linguo">Nederlandana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skota_linguo" title="Skota linguo">Skota</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yiddisha_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddisha linguo">Yiddisha</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Estala_Germana" title="Estala Germana">Estala Germana</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Burgundiana_linguo" title="Burgundiana linguo">Burgundiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gotiana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotiana linguo">Gotiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vandala_linguo" title="Vandala linguo">Vandala</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Nordala_Germana" title="Nordala Germana">Nordala Germana</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Dana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana linguo">Daniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sueda_linguo" title="Sueda linguo">Suediana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norvegiana_linguo" title="Norvegiana linguo">Norvegiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Islandana_linguo" title="Islandana linguo">Islandana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faerana_linguo" title="Faerana linguo">Faerana</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Slava_lingui" title="Slava lingui">Slava lingui</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Westala_Slava" title="Westala Slava">Westala Slava</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Poloniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Poloniana linguo">Poloniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kashubana_linguo" title="Kashubana linguo">Kashuba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sorbi-linguo" title="Sorbi-linguo">Sorbi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sileziana_linguo" title="Sileziana linguo">Sileziana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cheka_linguo" title="Cheka linguo">Cheka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slovaka_linguo" title="Slovaka linguo">Slovaka</a> <br /><b><a href="/wiki/Estal_Slava" title="Estal Slava">Estal Slava</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo">Rusa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bielorusa_linguo" title="Bielorusa linguo">Bielorusa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ukrainana_linguo" title="Ukrainana linguo">Ukrainana</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sudala_Slava" title="Sudala Slava">Sudala Slava</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bulgara_linguo" title="Bulgara linguo">Bulgara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kroatiana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroatiana linguo">Kroatiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Macedoniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedoniana linguo">Macedoniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montenegrana_linguo" title="Montenegrana linguo">Montenegrana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serbiana_linguo" title="Serbiana linguo">Serbiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sloveniana_linguo" title="Sloveniana linguo">Sloveniana</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Armeniana_linguo" title="Armeniana linguo">Armeniana</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left;background:#f7f7f7; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oriental_armeniana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oriental armeniana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Orientala</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westala_armeniana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westala armeniana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Westala</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Albaniana_linguo" title="Albaniana linguo">Albaniana</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheg (pagino ne existas)">Gheg</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosk (pagino ne existas)">Tosk</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvanitika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvanitika (pagino ne existas)">Arvanitika</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arb%C3%ABresh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbëresh (pagino ne existas)">Arbëresh</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cham (pagino ne existas)">Cham</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Greka_linguo" title="Greka linguo">Greka</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left;background:#f7f7f7; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prim_Greka_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prim Greka linguo (pagino ne existas)">Prim Greka</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiqua_Greka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiqua Greka (pagino ne existas)">Antiqua Greka</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koinea_Greka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koinea Greka (pagino ne existas)">Koinea Greka</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezepokala_Greka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezepokala Greka (pagino ne existas)">Mezepokala Greka</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moderna_Greka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moderna Greka (pagino ne existas)">Moderna Greka</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Kelta_lingui" title="Kelta lingui">Kelta</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><b>Kelta lingui kontinentala:</b> <a href="/wiki/Galiana_linguo" title="Galiana linguo">Galiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepontikana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepontikana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Lepontikana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galatana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Galatana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norikana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norikana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Norikana</a><br /><b>Kelta lingui insulala:</b><br />*<i>Grupo P:</i> <a href="/wiki/Walsana_linguo" title="Walsana linguo">Walsana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bretona_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretona linguo">Bretona</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kornwalana_linguo" title="Kornwalana linguo">Kornwalana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kumbriana_linguo" title="Kumbriana linguo">Kumbriana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pikta_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikta linguo">Pikta</a><br />*<i>Grupo Q:</i> <a href="/wiki/Irlandana_linguo" title="Irlandana linguo">Irlandana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Skota-Gaela_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Skota-Gaela linguo">Skota-Gaela</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bretona_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretona linguo">Bretona</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manxana_linguo" title="Manxana linguo">Manxana</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Baltika_lingui" title="Baltika lingui">Baltika</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left;background:#f7f7f7; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocidentala_Baltika_lingui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocidentala Baltika lingui (pagino ne existas)">Ocidentala Baltika lingui</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galindiana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galindiana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Galindiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anciena_Prusiana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anciena Prusiana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Anciena Prusiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yotvingia_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yotvingia linguo (pagino ne existas)">Yotvingio</a><br /><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orientala_Baltika_lingui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orientala Baltika lingui (pagino ne existas)">Orientala Baltika lingui</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kuroniana_linguo" title="Kuroniana linguo">Kuroniana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Latviana_linguo" title="Latviana linguo">Latviana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lituaniana_linguo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lituaniana linguo">Lituaniana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seloniana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seloniana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Seloniana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemgalana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemgalana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Zemgalana</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; text-align:right;;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Irana_lingui" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Irana lingui">Indo-Irana lingui</a></th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; text-align:left;; ;" colspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Indo-Ariana_lingui" title="Indo-Ariana lingui">Indo-Ariana lingui</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Irana_lingui" class="mw-redirect" title="Irana lingui">Irana lingui</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocidentala_Iranana_lingui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocidentala Iranana lingui (pagino ne existas)">Ocidentala Iranana lingui</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orientala_Iranana_lingui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orientala Iranana lingui (pagino ne existas)">Orientala Iranana lingui</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Nuristana_lingui" title="Nuristana lingui">Nuristana lingui</a>:</b></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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