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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Басты мәзір</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шарлау </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Басты бетті көру [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жоба туралы, мұнда немен айналысуға болатыны туралы, қай жерде не бары туралы"><span>Қауымдастық порталы</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Осы уикидегі жуықтағы өзгерістер тізімі. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Жуықтағы өзгерістер</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Соңғы бір айдағы басталған беттер тізімі, есім кеңістігі бойынша сүзгілеп көре аласыз."><span>Жаңа беттер</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B" title="Кездейсоқ бет жүктеу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Кездейсоқ бет</span></a></li><li id="n-videolesson" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедияны үйренуге қатысты YouTube-тағы видео сабақтар"><span>Видео сабақтар</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Анықтама табу орны."><span>Анықтама</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Уикипедия қатысушыларының форумы."><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-general-discussion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Flow жұмыс легінде жұмыс істейтін Уикипедияның негізгі талқылау беті [4]" accesskey="4"><span>Талқылау легі</span></a></li><li id="n-telegram" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram" title="Қазақша Уикипедияға қатысты ең маңызды жаңалықтар мен мақалалар"><span>Телеграм арна</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Бұл беттегі қатені хабарлау"><span>Қателер туралы хабарлау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-kk.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&amp;returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&amp;returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін талқылау [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eжабу\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"kk\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"width: 100% ! important; border: solid 1px lightblue; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EҚұрметті оқырман, қазақша Уикипедияның \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/25px-Telegram_logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/38px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Telegram_logo.svg/50px-Telegram_logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Telegram\" title=\"Уикипедия:Telegram\"\u003ETelegram арнасына\u003C/a\u003E жазыла аласыз\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Басты бет</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат кеңістіктері"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мазмұн бетін көру [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Басты бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" rel="discussion" title="Мағлұмат бетті талқылау [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Талқылау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тіл нұсқасын ауыстыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">kk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Көріністер"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82"><span>Оқу</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&amp;action=edit" title="Бұл бет қорғалған.&#10;Оның кодын көре аласыз. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодын көру</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&amp;action=history" title="Бұл беттін соңғы нұсқалары. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Өңделу тарихы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Құралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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70%,rgba(248,249,250,0)100%);flex:2;padding:2rem 0 2rem 1.5rem}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right{flex:3;margin-top:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .main-top-right>ul{align-items:center;flex-direction:row-reverse;margin-top:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .main-top-createArticle+li .mw-ui-button.mw-ui-quiet{padding-right:1em}}body.skin-modern .mw-parser-output .main-top-header{line-height:1.8rem;font-size:1.8rem}</style> <div class="main-top"> <div class="main-top-left"> <h1 id="Уикипедияға_қош_келдіңіз!" class="main-top-header"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.9B.D0.BE.D1.88_.D0.BA.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B4.D1.96.D2.A3.D1.96.D0.B7.21"></span><span style="color:#000000"><b>Уикипедияға <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7!" title="Уикипедия:Уикипедияға қош келдіңіз!">қош келдіңіз!</a></b></span></h1> <p>Бұл <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Уикипедия:Мақала шеберханасы">кез келген&#160;адам&#160;еркін&#160;өңдей алатын</a><br />ашық әрі тегін энциклопедия. </p> </div> <div class="main-top-right main-plainlist"> <p class="main-top-articleCount">Қазір <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Қазақша Уикипедия">қазақ тілінде</a> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Арнайы:Санақ">238&#160;303</a></b> мақала бар.</p> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Уикипедия:Мақала шеберханасы"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"><b>Мақала бастау</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Уикипедия:Елшілік"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Елшілік</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Портал:Шолу"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Порталдар</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Уикипедия:Таныстыру"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Танысу</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Санаттар"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Санаттар</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> <style 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.main-box-responsive-image>.floatright{float:none;margin-left:-1rem;margin-right:-1rem;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatleft>a,.mw-parser-output .main-box-responsive-image>.floatright>a{display:block}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .main-box{border-radius:2px;border-width:1px;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media(min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .main-box{margin-bottom:1rem;padding:1rem}.mw-parser-output .main-box-image-only>.main-box-content{margin-left:-1rem;margin-right:-1rem}}</style> <div id="main-tfa" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><div id="Таңдаулы_мақала" class="main-box-section">Таңдаулы мақала</div><h2 id="Эрнест_Хемингуэй" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82_.D0.A5.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B3.D1.83.D1.8D.D0.B9"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй">Эрнест Хемингуэй</a></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2996331">.mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile:nth-child(2n){display:none}.mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:ErnestHemingway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй"><img alt="Эрнест Хемингуэй" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/150px-ErnestHemingway.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/225px-ErnestHemingway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg/300px-ErnestHemingway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption>Эрнест Хемингуэй</figcaption></figure></span><span class="mobile"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:ErnestHemingway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй"><img alt="Эрнест Хемингуэй" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg" decoding="async" width="1500" height="1873" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption>Эрнест Хемингуэй</figcaption></figure></span></span> <p><b>Эрнест Миллер Хемингуэй</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі">ағылш.</a> <span lang="en"><i>Ernest Miller Hemingway</i></span>; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/21_%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="21 шілде">21&#160;шілде</a> <a href="/wiki/1899_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1899 жыл">1899</a><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">18990721</span>)</span></span>, Оук-Парк, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс">Иллинойс</a> — <a href="/wiki/2_%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="2 шілде">2 шілде</a> <a href="/wiki/1961_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1961 жыл">1961</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE)" title="Кэтчам (Айдахо)">Кэтчам</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Айдахо">Айдахо</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Құрама Штаттары">АҚШ</a>) — америкалық жазушы, журналист, 1954 жылғы <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Әдебиет саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы">Әдебиет бойынша Нобель сыйлығының лауреаты</a>. </p><p>Әдебиет тарихында <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Жоғалған ұрпақ">жоғалған ұрпақ</a> деп аталып кеткен ағымның басты өкілі ретінде осы Хемингуэйды атауға болады. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Бірінші дүниежүзілік соғыс">Бірінші дүниежүзілік соғыс</a> салдарынан сенімдерінен айырылып, махаббаттарын жоғалтып, сенделіп, мəңгіріп қалған жазушы-ақындар шығармаларында сол заманның пессимистік келбетін бейнелеген. </p><p>Жеті роман жа­зып, төрт әйелмен бас құраған, үш со­ғыс­ты көрген, екі рет қатерлі ұшақ апаты­нан аман қалған жазушы отбасының ортаншысы еді. Майдан кешкен жан бола тұрып, соғыстың қатыгез кар­тинасын емес, оның салдарынан зардап шеккендердің «бейбіт өмірін» басынан өткізді. Кейіпкерлерін табанды, ба­тыл, жаужүрек қылып көрсете білді. </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Эрнест Хемингуэй"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Оқу </span></a></li> <li><span class="nomobile"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Таңдаулы мақалалар"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Барлық таңдаулы мақала </span></a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-tfa" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-tfa"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Таңдаулы мақалаға үміткерлер"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үміткерлер </span></a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Алдыңғылар:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Қымыз"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Қымыз </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Қара құрдым"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Қара құрдым </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%98%D0%92/%D0%96%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%A1" title="АИВ/ЖИТС"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> АИВ/ЖИТС </span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-tga" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><div id="Жақсы_мақала" class="main-box-section">Жақсы мақала</div><h2 id="Биология" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология">Биология</a></h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2996331"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/150px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/225px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/300px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption><i>Escherichia coli</i></figcaption></figure></span><span class="mobile"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/220px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/330px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/440px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption><i>Escherichia coli</i></figcaption></figure></span></span> <p><b>Биология</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ежелгі грек тілі">көне грекше</a>: <span lang="grc" style="font-family: Athena Unicode, Gentium, Palatino Linotype, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Code2000; font-size: 110%;"><span lang="grc">βιολογία</span></span>; <span lang="grc"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">βίος</span></span> – өмір + <span lang="grc"><span style="font-family: palatino linotype, new athena unicode, athena, gentium, code2000, serif; font-size: 105%;">λόγος</span></span> – ғылым) — тірі ағзаларды және олардың тіршілік ету процестерін зерттейтін <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Ғылым">ғылым</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жаратылыстану ғылымдары">Жаратылыстану ғылымдарының</a> бір саласы. </p><p>Ол <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тіршілік">тіршілік</a> құбылыстарының бәрін, тірі ағзалардың құрылысы мен қызметін, олардың табиғи бірлестіктерін, таралуын, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эволюция">эволюциясын</a>, өзара бір-бірімен және өлі табиғатпен байланысын зерттейді. Биологияның негізгі міндеті — бүкіл <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Органикалық дүние">органикалық дүниенің</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар">жануарлардың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Өсімдіктер">өсімдіктердің</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Саңырауқұлақтар">саңырауқұлақтардың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бактериялар">бактериялардың</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Вирустар">вирустардың</a>) қасиеттерін, пайда болуы мен даму заңдылықтарын зерттеу арқылы жалпы тіршіліктің мәнін анықтау, оны басқару, мақсатқа сай өзгерту әдістерін табу. </p><p>Биологияның жалпы халық шаруашылығында, әсіресе <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицина</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ауыл шаруашылығы">ауыл шаруашылығында</a> маңызы аса зор. </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Оқу </span></a></li> <li><span class="nomobile"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Жақсы мақалалар"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Барлық жақсы мақала </span></a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-tga" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-tga"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Жақсы мақалаға үміткерлер"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үміткерлер </span></a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Алдыңғылар:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Бауыржан Момышұлы"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Бауыржан Момышұлы </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Қымыз"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Қымыз </span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Үйде жалғыз қалғанда"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үйде жалғыз қалғанда </span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-potd" class="main-box main-box-image-only"><h2 id="Тәулік_суреті" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.A2.D3.99.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BA_.D1.81.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.96"></span>Тәулік суреті</h2> <div class="main-box-content"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-29 (kk)"><img alt="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-29 (kk)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg/700px-Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="525" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg/1050px-Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg/1400px-Coral_Tree_Monsoon_Mallalli_Falls_Hassan_Jun24_A7CR_01575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6711" data-file-height="5033" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:Potd/2024-11-29_(kk)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-29 (kk) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-29 (kk)</a></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div id="mw-customcollapsible-potd" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-potd"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Уикипедия:Тәулік суреті"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үлгіні көру</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:Potd/2024-11-29_(kk)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үлгі:Potd/2024-11-29 (kk) (мұндай бет жоқ)"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet">Сипаттама жазу</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-wmfsp" class="main-box"><h2 id="Уикимедиа_қорының_басқа_да_жобалары" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B0_.D2.9B.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.81.D2.9B.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.B6.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Уикимедиа қоры">Уикимедиа қорының</a> басқа да <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_projects" class="extiw" title="meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia projects">жобалары</a></h2> <table style="background:transparent; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Ортаққор"><img alt="Ортаққор" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Ортаққор</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="commons:Басты бет">Ортаққор</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық файлдар қоры</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисөздік"><img alt="Уикисөздік" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикисөздік</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wiktionary.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:kk:Басты бет">Уикисөздік</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық сөздікқор</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикидерек"><img alt="Уикидерек" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикидерек</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Wikidata:Басты бет">Уикидерек</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық дерек базасы</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикикітап"><img alt="Уикикітап" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикикітап</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="b:Басты бет">Уикикітап</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық кітап пен оқулық қоры</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикихабар"><img alt="Уикихабар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикихабар</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="n:Басты бет">Уикихабар</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық жаңалықтар</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикидәйек"><img alt="Уикидәйек" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikiquote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикидәйек</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="q:Басты бет">Уикидәйек</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Дәйексөз жинағы</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикиқайнар"><img alt="Уикиқайнар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикиқайнар</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="s:Басты бет">Уикиқайнар</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Ашық кітапхана</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикитүрлер"><img alt="Уикитүрлер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикитүрлер</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Басты бет">Уикитүрлер</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Түрлер тізімдемесі</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисабақ"><img alt="Уикисабақ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикисабақ</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="v:Басты бет">Уикисабақ</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Білім қоры</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://kk.wikivoyage.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уикисаяхат"><img alt="Уикисаяхат" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Wikivoyage-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>Уикисаяхат</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://kk.wikivoyage.org/wiki/kk:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="voy:kk:Басты бет">Уикисаяхат</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Жиһанкез нұсқаулығы</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82/kk" title="MetaWiki"><img alt="MetaWiki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/30px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/45px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg/60px-Notification-icon-Meta-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a><figcaption>MetaWiki</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82/kk" class="extiw" title="m:Басты бет/kk">MetaWiki</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Жобаларды үйлестіру</div> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding: 8px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="МедиаУики"><img alt="МедиаУики" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/30px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/45px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/60px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>МедиаУики</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><b><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" class="extiw" title="mw:Басты бет">МедиаУики</a></b><br /><div style="font-size: 90%">Уики бағдарламалық жасақтама</div> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear: both"></div> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper-column"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-" class="main-box"><h2 id="Жаңалықтар" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D0.96.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.9B.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Жаңалықтар</h2> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left:0em;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Портал:Ағымдағы оқиғалар">Ағымдағы оқиғалар:</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%E2%88%92%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Израиль−Хамас соғысы">Израиль−Хамас соғысы</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%E2%88%92%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Израиль−Хамас соғысының хронологиясы">хронологиясы</a>)</span> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96" title="Ресейдің Украинаға басып кіруі">Ресейдің Украинаға басып кіруі</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B_(2022_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF)" title="Ресейдің Украинаға басып кіру хронологиясы (2022 жылдан бастап)">хронологиясы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_(2024)" title="Курск облысындағы шайқастар (2024)">Курск облысындағы шайқастар</a>)</span> </p> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:2024-08-25_Motorsport,_Formel_1,_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_(headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Макс Ферстаппен"><img alt="Макс Ферстаппен" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg/100px-2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg/150px-2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg/200px-2024-08-25_Motorsport%2C_Formel_1%2C_Gro%C3%9Fer_Preis_der_Niederlande_2024_STP_3973_by_Stepro_%28headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1195" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>Макс Ферстаппен</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/28_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="28 қараша">28 қараша</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузияның</a> астанасында биліктің ресейшіл саясатына қарсы толқулар басталды.</li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Халықаралық қылмыстық соттың Израиль тұлғаларын қамауға алу ордерлері">қамауға алу ордерін</a></b> шығарды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="16 қараша">16 қараша</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Грузия">Грузиялық</a> әнші <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Андрия Путкарадзе (мұндай бет жоқ)">Андрия Путкарадзе</a> <b><a 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href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0:%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Жоба:Білгенге маржан/Мұрағат"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Мұрағат</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-mp-otd" class="main-box"><div id="Күндерек" class="main-box-section">Күндерек</div><h2 id="29_қараша" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id="29_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.B0"></span>29 қараша</h2> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Мейрамдар"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Мейрамдар</h4></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Албания"><span class="wrap">Албания</span></a></span>, Азаттық күні</li> <li><span class="nowrap" data-sort-value="Ресей"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей"><span class="wrap">Ресей</span></a></span>, Ё әрпінің күні.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Оқиғалар"><span id=".D0.9E.D2.9B.D0.B8.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Оқиғалар</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/539" class="mw-redirect" title="539">539</a>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Антиохия (мұндай бет жоқ)">Антиохияда</a> зілзала болды. Қала толық қирап қалды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1783" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ресей Академиясы (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ресей Академиясы</a> отырысында Дашкова Екатерина Романовна«Ё» әрпін қолдануды ұсынды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899" class="mw-redirect" title="1899">1899</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8B)" title="Барселона (футбол клубы)">Барселона футбол</a> клубы құрылды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946" class="mw-redirect" title="1946">1946</a> — Бельгия ЮНЕСКО құрамына қабылданды.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Туғандар"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.83.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Туғандар</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1769" class="mw-redirect" title="1769">1769</a> — Евграф Федотович Комаровский, граф, генерал-адъютант.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875" class="mw-redirect" title="1875">1875</a> — Эгаш Мониш, Антониу, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Португалия">Португалия</a> нейрохирургі, 1949 жылғы <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Нобель сыйлығы">Нобель сыйлығының</a> лауреаты.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910" class="mw-redirect" title="1910">1910</a> — Иосиф Давидович Амусин, кеңес тарихшысы, тарих ғылымдарының докторы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924" class="mw-redirect" title="1924">1924</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Айтмұхамед Абдоллаұлы Лидулин">Айтмұхамед Абдоллаұлы Лидулин</a>, ғылым доктары (1971), профессор (1973), Қазақстан Ғылым Академиясының академигі (1979), Қазақ КСР-інің еңбек сіңірген ғылым қайраткері (1982).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932" class="mw-redirect" title="1932">1932</a> — Жак Ширак, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a> президенті (1995—2007).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958" class="mw-redirect" title="1958">1958</a> — Лев Псахис, кеңес және израиль шахматшысы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960" class="mw-redirect" title="1960">1960</a> — Назарова Татьяна Евгеньевна, Украина мен Ресейдің халық әртісі</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976" class="mw-redirect" title="1976">1976</a> — Анна Кей Фэрис, американ киноактрисасы.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Карл IV (Француз ұлттық кітапханасы)."><img alt="Карл IV (Француз ұлттық кітапханасы)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg/100px-Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg/150px-Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg/200px-Charles_IV_le_Bel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>Карл IV (Француз ұлттық кітапханасы).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Қайтыс_болғандар"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.82.D1.8B.D1.81_.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Қайтыс болғандар</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1314" class="mw-redirect" title="1314">1314</a> — Филипп IV (1268), француз патшасы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1378" class="mw-redirect" title="1378">1378</a> — Карл IV (1316), герман патшасы, Римс империясының императоры (1347—1378 гг.).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1643" class="mw-redirect" title="1643">1643</a> — Клаудио Монтеверди (1567), италияндық композитор.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981" class="mw-redirect" title="1981">1981</a> — Жорж Брассенс (1921), француз композиторы.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001" class="mw-redirect" title="2001">2001</a> — Джордж Харрисон (1943), «<a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles»</a> тобының музыканты.</li></ul> <div style="text-align: right;"><small>Қазір 10:27 pm, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Жұма">Жұма</a>, <a href="/wiki/29_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="29 қараша">29 қараша</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2024 жыл">2024</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:00" title="UTC+5:00">UTC+5</a>) &#8211; <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&amp;action=purge">Бетті жаңалау</a></span></small></div> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <p><a href="/wiki/29_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="29 қараша"><span class="mw-ui-button"> Қарау </span></a> </p> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-mp-otd" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-mp-otd"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <p><a href="/wiki/28_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="28 қараша"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> 28 қараша </span></a> <a href="/wiki/30_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="30 қараша"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> 30 қараша </span></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Жыл күндерінің тізімі"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Жыл күндерінің тізімі</span></a> </p> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2998979"> <div id="main-wiki" class="main-box main-box-responsive-image"><h2 id="Қараша__айына_ортақ_жұмыс" class="main-header main-box-header"><span id=".D2.9A.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.B0.0A_.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D2.9B_.D0.B6.D2.B1.D0.BC.D1.8B.D1.81"></span>Қараша айына ортақ жұмыс</h2> <p>Таңдалмаған. Оны сіз де жасай аласыз! </p> <div style="clear: both"></div> <div class="main-footer"><div class="main-footer-actions main-plainlist nomobile"> <ul><li>Осы айдың бітуіне <b>1</b> күн қалды. — <span class="plainlinks" id="purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82&amp;action=purge">Бетті жаңалау</a></span></li></ul> </div><div id="mw-customcollapsible-wiki" class="main-footer-menu mw-collapsible mw-collapsed nomobile"> <div class="main-footer-menuToggle mw-collapsible-toggle mw-customtoggle-main-wiki"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Қосымша әрекеттер"><img alt="Қосымша әрекеттер" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_ellipsis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div> <div class="main-footer-menuDropdown mw-collapsible-content main-plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Айдың ортақ жұмысына үміткерлер"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Үміткерлер</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Уикипедия:Айдың ортақ жұмысына үміткерлер/Мұрағат"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-quiet"> Мұрағат</span></a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c59558b9d‐p62dm Cached time: 20241129172719 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.204 seconds Real time usage: 0.364 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2308/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 94917/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 41246/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24457/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.008/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 919404/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 241.080 1 -total 85.57% 206.284 8 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Бөлім 31.08% 74.922 12 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Түйін 24.17% 58.268 5 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Таңдаулы 13.80% 33.269 1 Уикипедия:Бүгін/29_қараша 11.98% 28.876 1 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Кіріспе 9.57% 23.082 5 Үлгі:Басты_бет/Жақсы 9.38% 22.619 16 Үлгі:Нақтылаусыз_тақырып 5.31% 12.802 1 Үлгі:Айдың_ортақ_жұмысы/Асты 4.53% 10.910 2 Үлгі:Байрақ --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key kkwiki:pcache:1:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241129172719 and revision id 3404636. 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title="Санат:Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар">Алфавит бойынша тұлғалар</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 50 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="чуваш тілі" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қарашай-балқар тілі" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="қарашай-балқар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="саха тілі" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="түрікмен тілі" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түрікмен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" 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