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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Diverse verdragen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diverse_verdragen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gevolgen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gevolgen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gevolgen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gevolgen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_mythe_van_de_Westfaalse_orde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_mythe_van_de_Westfaalse_orde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>De mythe van de Westfaalse orde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_mythe_van_de_Westfaalse_orde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vrede van Westfalen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 76 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westf%C3%A4lischer_Friede" title="Westfälischer Friede – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Westfälischer Friede" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paz_de_Westfalia" title="Paz de Westfalia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Paz de Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="صلح وستفاليا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صلح وستفاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="معاهدة وستفاليا – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معاهدة وستفاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paz_de_Westfalia" title="Paz de Westfalia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paz de Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfaliya_s%C3%BClh%C3%BC" title="Vestfaliya sülhü – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vestfaliya sülhü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="وستفالی باریش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وستفالی باریش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westf%C3%A4lischer_Friede" title="Westfälischer Friede – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Westfälischer Friede" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Вестфальскі мір – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вестфальскі мір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вестфалски мирен договор – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вестфалски мирен договор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ওয়েস্টফেলিয়া শান্তিচুক্তি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়েস্টফেলিয়া শান্তিচুক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feur-emglev_Westfalen" title="Feur-emglev Westfalen – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Feur-emglev Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pau_de_Westf%C3%A0lia" title="Pau de Westfàlia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pau de Westfàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestf%C3%A1lsk%C3%BD_m%C3%ADr" title="Vestfálský mír – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vestfálský mír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalske_fred" title="Westfalske fred – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Westfalske fred" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westf%C3%A4lischer_Friede" title="Westfälischer Friede – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westfälischer Friede" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Συνθήκη της Βεστφαλίας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνθήκη της Βεστφαλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peace of Westphalia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalia_Paco" title="Vestfalia Paco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vestfalia Paco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paz_de_Westfalia" title="Paz de Westfalia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paz de Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfaali_rahu" title="Vestfaali rahu – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vestfaali rahu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfaliako_Bakea" title="Westfaliako Bakea – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Westfaliako Bakea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پیمان وستفالی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیمان وستفالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalenin_rauha" title="Westfalenin rauha – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Westfalenin rauha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9s_de_Westphalie" title="Traités de Westphalie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traités de Westphalie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frede_fan_Westfalen" title="Frede fan Westfalen – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frede fan Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1in_Westfalen" title="Síocháin Westfalen – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Síocháin Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paz_de_Westfalia" title="Paz de Westfalia – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paz de Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="שלום וסטפאליה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלום וסטפאליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalski_mir" title="Westfalski mir – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Westfalski mir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesztf%C3%A1liai_b%C3%A9ke" title="Vesztfáliai béke – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vesztfáliai béke" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վեստֆալյան հաշտություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեստֆալյան հաշտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A9%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ուեսթֆալիայի Խաղաղութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուեսթֆալիայի Խաղաղութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdamaian_Westfalia" title="Perdamaian Westfalia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdamaian Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pace_di_Vestfalia" title="Pace di Vestfalia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pace di Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84" title="ヴェストファーレン条約 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェストファーレン条約" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ვესტფალიის ზავი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვესტფალიის ზავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%8C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="베스트팔렌 조약 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베스트팔렌 조약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Вестфаль тынчтыгы – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вестфаль тынчтыгы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Westphalica" title="Pax Westphalica – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pax Westphalica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westf%C3%A4lesche_Fridden" title="Westfälesche Fridden – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Westfälesche Fridden" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pas_de_Westfalia" title="Pas de Westfalia – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pas de Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalijos_taika" title="Vestfalijos taika – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vestfalijos taika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestf%C4%81lenes_miera_l%C4%ABgums" title="Vestfālenes miera līgums – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vestfālenes miera līgums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вестфалски мир – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вестфалски мир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdamaian_Westfalen" title="Perdamaian Westfalen – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdamaian Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Westfalen" title="Freden i Westfalen – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Freden i Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Westfalen" title="Freden i Westfalen – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Freden i Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractats_de_Vestf%C3%A0lia" title="Tractats de Vestfàlia – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tractats de Vestfàlia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C3%B3j_westfalski" title="Pokój westfalski – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pokój westfalski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AF%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="ویسٹ فالن معاہدۂ امن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویسٹ فالن معاہدۂ امن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paz_de_Vestf%C3%A1lia" title="Paz de Vestfália – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paz de Vestfália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacea_Westfalic%C4%83" title="Pacea Westfalică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pacea Westfalică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вестфальский мир – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вестфальский мир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вестфалскый мир – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вестфалскый мир" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DA%BE%D8%AF%D9%88" title="ويسٽفيليا معاھدو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويسٽفيليا معاھدو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalski_mir" title="Westfalski mir – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Westfalski mir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Peace of Westphalia" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peace of Westphalia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestf%C3%A1lsky_mier" title="Vestfálsky mier – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vestfálsky mier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalski_mir" title="Vestfalski mir – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vestfalski mir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вестфалски мир – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вестфалски мир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfaliska_freden" title="Westfaliska freden – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Westfaliska freden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amani_ya_Westfalia" title="Amani ya Westfalia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amani ya Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெஸ்ட்ஃபாலியா அமைதி ஒப்பந்தம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெஸ்ட்ஃபாலியா அமைதி ஒப்பந்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="สนธิสัญญาสันติภาพเว็สท์ฟาเลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สนธิสัญญาสันติภาพเว็สท์ฟาเลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapayapaan_ng_Westfalia" title="Kapayapaan ng Westfalia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapayapaan ng Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalya_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Vestfalya Antlaşması – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vestfalya Antlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfali%C3%A4_sol%C4%B1x%C4%B1" title="Westfaliä solıxı – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Westfaliä solıxı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Вестфальський мир – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вестфальський мир" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AF%DB%82_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="ویسٹ فالن معاہدۂ امن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویسٹ فالن معاہدۂ امن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfaliya_sulhi" title="Vestfaliya sulhi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vestfaliya sulhi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Westfalen" title="Hòa ước Westfalen – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hòa ước Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A6" title="威斯特伐利亚和约 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威斯特伐利亚和约" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94" title="ვესტფალიაშ ზე – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვესტფალიაშ ზე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A6" title="威斯特伐利亚和约 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威斯特伐利亚和约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Doorverwezen vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westfaalse_Vrede&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Westfaalse Vrede">Westfaalse Vrede</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>De <b>Vrede van Westfalen</b> betreft twee <a href="/wiki/Vredesverdrag" title="Vredesverdrag">vredesverdragen</a> die gesloten werden tussen mei en oktober <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a> en <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(stad)" title="Münster (stad)">Münster</a>. Deze verdragen beëindigden de <a href="/wiki/Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a> (1618-1648) in het <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diverse_verdragen">Diverse verdragen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Diverse verdragen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Diverse verdragen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De partijen waren de <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilig Roomse keizer</a> <a href="/wiki/Keizer_Ferdinand_III" title="Keizer Ferdinand III">Ferdinand III</a>, koning <a href="/wiki/Filips_IV_van_Spanje" title="Filips IV van Spanje">Filips IV van Spanje</a>, regent-kardinaal <a href="/wiki/Jules_Mazarin" title="Jules Mazarin">Jules Mazarin</a> voor de minderjarige koning <a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_XIV_van_Frankrijk" title="Lodewijk XIV van Frankrijk">Lodewijk XIV van Frankrijk</a>, koningin <a href="/wiki/Christina_I_van_Zweden" title="Christina I van Zweden">Christina I van Zweden</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Vrije_rijksstad" title="Vrije rijksstad">vrije rijkssteden</a> van het Heilige Roomse Rijk. De belangrijkste wapenfeiten waren: </p> <ul><li>Het tekenen van twee elkaar overlappende verdragen op 24 oktober 1648: <ul><li>Het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_M%C3%BCnster" title="Verdrag van Münster">Verdrag van Münster</a> (Instrumentum Pacis Monasteriensis, IPM),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tussen de Heilig Roomse keizer en Frankrijk en hun respectieve aanhangers.</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Vrede_van_Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Vrede van Osnabrück">Vrede van Osnabrück</a> (Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis, IPO),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tussen de Heilig Roomse keizer en Zweden en hun respectieve aanhangers.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>De verdragen zorgden echter niet voor de vrede in heel Europa. Frankrijk en Spanje zouden nog de volgende elf jaar oorlog voeren, die beëindigd werd bij de <a href="/wiki/Vrede_van_de_Pyrenee%C3%ABn" title="Vrede van de Pyreneeën">Vrede van de Pyreneeën</a> in 1659. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Europa,_1648_copy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Europa%2C_1648_copy.jpg/260px-Europa%2C_1648_copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Europa%2C_1648_copy.jpg/390px-Europa%2C_1648_copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Europa%2C_1648_copy.jpg/520px-Europa%2C_1648_copy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Europa in 1648</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gevolgen">Gevolgen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gevolgen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gevolgen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Door de Vrede van Westfalen verloor het <a href="/wiki/Huis_Habsburg" title="Huis Habsburg">huis Habsburg</a>, dat traditioneel de <a href="/wiki/Keizer" title="Keizer">keizer</a> leverde, het grootste gedeelte van zijn zeggenschap over de Duitse vorsten binnen het Heilige Roomse Rijk. Bovendien werden ze verplicht tot religieuze verdraagzaamheid jegens de <a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">lutherse</a> vorsten en staten binnen het Rijk en moesten ze de secularisatie van alle kerkelijke bezittingen erkennen, evenals de onafhankelijkheid van de Zwitserse <a href="/wiki/Confederatie_van_de_XIII_kantons" title="Confederatie van de XIII kantons">Confederatie van de XIII kantons</a> en de <i>de jure</i> onafhankelijkheid van de <a href="/wiki/Republiek_der_Zeven_Verenigde_Nederlanden" title="Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden">Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brandenburg" title="Mark Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> verwierven gebiedsuitbreiding in het noorden van Duitsland en werden belangrijke staten waarmee de keizer rekening moest houden. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> verkreeg belangrijke rechten en gebiedsuitbreiding in <a href="/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas">Elzas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lotharingen_(Frankrijk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotharingen (Frankrijk)">Lotharingen</a> waarover later nog veel te doen zou zijn. </p><p>Er waren tevens gevolgen voor het interne functioneren van het Heilige Roomse Rijk. De macht van de keizer werd verder beknot. In potentie herbergde het Heilige Roomse rijk de grootste economische en militaire macht van Europa door haar grote en relatief goedgeschoolde bevolking. Frankrijk kon echter effectief de machtigste staat van het continent blijven tot aan de stichting van het <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keizerrijk" title="Duitse Keizerrijk">Duitse Keizerrijk</a> in de 19de eeuw. De interne samenhang en het centrale bestuur van het Heilig Roomse Rijk waren namelijk geheel verdwenen. Daarnaast werden tijdens de dertigjarige oorlog, voornamelijk op Duits grondgebied uitgevochten, enorme slachtingen onder de bevolking aangericht en hele steden en streken verwoest. Daar stond tegenover dat Frankrijk, dat eveneens een grote bevolking had en over grote hulpbronnen beschikte, strak centraal geleid werd. </p><p>De Roomse keizer werd een <a href="/wiki/Monarch_(staatshoofd)" title="Monarch (staatshoofd)">monarch</a> die geen leger, financiën of administratie bezat. Hij bezat deze enkel nog in de <a href="/wiki/Hausmacht" title="Hausmacht">Hausmacht</a> van de Habsburgers: de diverse door hen persoonlijk geregeerde gebieden binnen het rijk. Uiteindelijk evolueerden er twee grootmachten uit dit rijk, namelijk <a href="/wiki/Habsburgse_monarchie" title="Habsburgse monarchie">Oostenrijk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pruisen" title="Pruisen">Pruisen</a>, die elkaar de hegemonie over de Duitse staten betwistten. </p><p>De Habsburgers, de Oostenrijkse vorstenfamilie, bleef wél een toonaangevende internationale rol spelen. Ze regeerde nog steeds over <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a>, Oostenrijk, <a href="/wiki/Bohemen" title="Bohemen">Bohemen</a>, gedeelten van <a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongarije</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Zuidelijke_Nederlanden" title="Zuidelijke Nederlanden">Zuidelijke Nederlanden</a> en delen van <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_mythe_van_de_Westfaalse_orde">De mythe van de Westfaalse orde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De mythe van de Westfaalse orde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De mythe van de Westfaalse orde"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In publicaties over <a href="/wiki/Internationale_relaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationale relaties">internationale relaties</a> is vaak sprake van een 'Westfaalse orde' die zou hebben berust op <a href="/wiki/Soevereiniteit" title="Soevereiniteit">soevereine</a> <a href="/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek)">staten</a> waartussen gelijkheid in rechte heerste. Principes van <a href="/wiki/Non-interventie" title="Non-interventie">non-interventie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Territoriale_integriteit" title="Territoriale integriteit">territoriale integriteit</a> zouden hebben bijgedragen tot het bewaren van een machtsevenwicht. Op religieus vlak zou een vorm van tolerantie hebben geprevaleerd doordat elke staat zijn eigen godsdienst mocht kiezen. In werkelijkheid bevatte de Vrede van Westfalen geen van deze componenten. Het concept soevereiniteit werd nergens genoemd en de gelaagde complexiteit van het <a href="/wiki/Heilig_Roomse_Rijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Heilig Roomse Rijk">Heilig Roomse Rijk</a> bleef integendeel bewaard. Zelfs namen de verdragen weer afstand van het principe <i> <a href="/wiki/Cuius_regio,_eius_religio" title="Cuius regio, eius religio">cuius regio, eius religio</a></i> uit de <a href="/wiki/Vrede_van_Augsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrede van Augsburg">Vrede van Augsburg</a>. In het algemeen blijkt gewoon niet dat de verdragen tot doel hadden het Europese staatkundige systeem diepgaand te reorganiseren, noch dat ze de geboorte van een nieuw stelsel van buitenlandse relaties markeerden. </p><p>De Westfaalse mythe is ontstaan in de 19e eeuw, toen <a href="/wiki/Natiestaat" title="Natiestaat">nationale staten</a> de oude orde in Europa en Amerika begonnen te verdringen. Ze kreeg in 1948 een invloedrijke expressie in een essay van Leo Gross,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> al stipte ook hij aan dat de onderliggende principes die hij ontwaarde niet als zodanig in de verdragen stonden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andreas Osiander, "Sovereignty, International Relations and the Westphalia 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id="Europees_Erfgoedlabel_in_Duitsland" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Europees_Erfgoedlabel" title="Europees Erfgoedlabel">Europees Erfgoedlabel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Slot_Hambach" title="Slot Hambach">Slot Hambach</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstra%C3%9Fe" title="Neustadt an der Weinstraße">Neustadt an der Weinstraße</a>)</small> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vrede van Westfalen</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(stad)" title="Münster (stad)">Münster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>)</small> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzikaal_erfgoed_van_Leipzig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzikaal erfgoed van Leipzig (de pagina bestaat niet)">Muzikale erfgoedlocaties</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>)</small> · <a href="/wiki/Natzweiler-Struthof" title="Natzweiler-Struthof">Concentratiekamp Natzweiler-Struthof</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Werkbundwijken_in_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werkbundwijken in Europa (de pagina bestaat niet)">Werkbundwijken in Europa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenhofsiedlung" title="Weißenhofsiedlung">Weißenhofsiedlung</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>)</small> · <a href="/wiki/Oderbruch" title="Oderbruch">Oderbruch</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peace_of_Westphalia#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Peace of Westphalia">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Peace_of_Westphalia#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=741&url_tabelle=tab_quelle">Digital Duitse tekst verdrag van Münster</a>. lwl.org. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=740&url_tabelle=tab_quelle">Digital Duitse tekst Verdrag van Osnabrück</a>. lwl.org. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leo Gross, "The Peace of Westphalia: 1648–1948", in: <i>American Journal of International Law</i>, 1948, nr. 1, p. 20-41. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2193560">10.2307/2193560</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&oldid=66021407">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Westfalen&oldid=66021407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Categorie:Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Tachtigjarige_Oorlog" title="Categorie:Tachtigjarige Oorlog">Tachtigjarige Oorlog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Europa" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Europa">Geschiedenis van Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_de_Nederlanden_in_de_17e_eeuw" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden in de 17e eeuw">Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden in de 17e eeuw</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Frankrijk" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Frankrijk">Geschiedenis van Frankrijk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_de_Elzas" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van de Elzas">Geschiedenis van de Elzas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Lotharingen" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van 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