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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="خط تجميع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خط تجميع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Конвейер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Конвейер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_linka" title="Montážní linka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Montážní linka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samleb%C3%A5nd" title="Samlebånd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samlebånd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flie%C3%9Fbandfertigung" title="Fließbandfertigung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fließbandfertigung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Γραμμή συναρμολόγησης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμμή συναρμολόγησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Assembly line" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnea_de_ensamble" title="Línea de ensamble – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Línea de ensamble" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munto%C4%89eno" title="Muntoĉeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muntoĉeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntaketa-kate" title="Muntaketa-kate – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Muntaketa-kate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98" title="خط مونتاژ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط مونتاژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligne_de_montage" title="Ligne de montage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligne de montage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A6%BD_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="조립 라인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조립 라인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կոնվեյեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոնվեյեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="असेम्बली लाइन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="असेम्बली लाइन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monta%C5%BEna_traka" title="Montažna traka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Montažna traka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lini_perakitan" title="Lini perakitan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lini perakitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catena_di_montaggio" title="Catena di montaggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catena di montaggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8" title="פס ייצור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פס ייצור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopende_band" title="Lopende band – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lopende band" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="ライン生産方式 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライン生産方式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samleb%C3%A5nd" title="Samlebånd – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samlebånd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linha_de_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Linha de produção – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linha de produção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Конвейерное производство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конвейерное производство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liukuhihna" title="Liukuhihna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liukuhihna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6pandebandprincipen" title="Löpandebandprincipen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Löpandebandprincipen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaj_hatt%C4%B1" title="Montaj hattı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Montaj hattı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumbay_sumpayan" title="Rumbay sumpayan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rumbay sumpayan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%85%E9%85%8D%E7%BA%BF" title="装配线 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="装配线" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E9%85%8D%E7%B7%9A" title="裝配線 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="裝配線" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E9%85%8D%E7%B7%9A" title="裝配線 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="裝配線" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q455037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg/220px-Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg/330px-Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg/440px-Chocolate_assembly_line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Chocolate assembly line</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>assembly line</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> process which is a very important part of <a href="/wiki/Industry" title="Industry">industry</a>. </p><p>In an assembly line, parts are added to a <a href="/wiki/Product_(consumer_goods)" class="mw-redirect" title="Product (consumer goods)">product</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Sequence" title="Sequence">sequence</a>. Each worker and machine does one part, and the parts are put together to make the finished object. This makes a product much faster than with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Handcraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handcraft (not yet started)">handcrafting</a>-type methods, where one person made the whole object. </p><p>The division of labour was discussed by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i> (1776). He used the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Pin" title="Pin">pins</a> as an example of increasing <a href="/wiki/Productive_efficiency" title="Productive efficiency">productive efficiency</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ford">Ford</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Ford" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ford"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The assembly line developed by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> between 1908 and 1915 made assembly lines famous as an example of <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a>. The result was a cheaper car, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a>, and higher wages for Ford workers. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> was the first to master the moving assembly line, and was able to reduce labor hours needed to make a car, and increased numbers of cars and parts. Ford was the first company to build large <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factories</a> around the assembly line concept. </p><p>Mass production by assembly lines was the catalyst which started the modern <a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">consumer</a> culture by making possible low <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit_cost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unit cost (not yet started)">unit cost</a> for manufactured goods. It is often said that Ford's production system was ingenious because it turned Ford's own workers into new customers. The lower prices turned a huge potential market into a reality. The greater demand allowed further <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_scale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of scale (not yet started)">economies of scale</a> to be exploited. This <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bootstrapping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bootstrapping (not yet started)">bootstrapping</a> quality of growth made Ford famous and set an example for other industries. </p><p>The idea was not invented by Ford. Its use in America may have started with the production of cars by Ransom E. Olds in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest example of an assembly system is the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> of the 3rd century BC. The terracotta army figures were made in workshops. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies show that eight face <a href="/wiki/Mould" title="Mould">moulds</a> were most likely used.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once put together, features such as facial expressions were added. </p><p>It is thought their legs were made the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were made at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece and subsequently firing it. In those times, each workshop had to write its name on items produced. Once they were completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/assbline.htm"><i>Assembly line</i>. The Great Idea Finder</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128181533/http://www.upf.edu/materials/huma/central/abast/ledder.htm">"A magic army for the Emperor"</a>. Upf.edu. 1979-10-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upf.edu/materials/huma/central/abast/ledder.htm">the original</a> on 2011-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+magic+army+for+the+Emperor&rft.pub=Upf.edu&rft.date=1979-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upf.edu%2Fmaterials%2Fhuma%2Fcentral%2Fabast%2Fledder.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAssembly+line" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Portal and Qingdao Dan 2007. <i>The first Emperor: China's Terracotta Army</i>. British Museum Press. p170</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&oldid=7556360">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_line&oldid=7556360</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing" title="Category:Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 28 May 2021, at 14:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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