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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Romanesque_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanesque_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Romanesque architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanesque_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gothic_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gothic_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Gothic architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gothic_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Renaissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baroque_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baroque_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Baroque architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baroque_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basilica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basilica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Basilica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basilica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegiate_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegiate_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Collegiate church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegiate_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conventual_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventual_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Conventual church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventual_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parish_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parish_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Parish church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parish_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilgrimage_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilgrimage_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Pilgrimage church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilgrimage_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietary_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietary_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Proprietary church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietary_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evangelical_church_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evangelical_church_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Evangelical church structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evangelical_church_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>House church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Alternative buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographical_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographical_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geographical distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographical_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Church (building)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 153 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geurija" title="Geurija – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Geurija" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerk_(gebou)" title="Kerk (gebou) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kerk (gebou)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirche_(Bauwerk)" title="Kirche (Bauwerk) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kirche (Bauwerk)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ቤተክርስቲያን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቤተክርስቲያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="चर्च – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चर्च" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="كنيسة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كنيسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilesia_(edificio)" title="Ilesia (edificio) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ilesia (edificio)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܥܕܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܕܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisearic%C3%A2" title="Bisearicâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bisearicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gll%C3%A9se_(arch%C2%B7it%C3%A8ctura)" title="Égllése (arch·itèctura) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Égllése (arch·itèctura)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilesia_(edificiu)" title="Ilesia (edificiu) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ilesia (edificiu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0" title="गिर्जाघर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गिर्जाघर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%C3%A3o" title="Tupão – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tupão" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ГьатӀан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГьатӀан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kils%C9%99" title="Kilsə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kilsə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کیلیسا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیلیسا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE" title="গির্জা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গির্জা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garija" title="Garija – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Garija" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9-p%C3%A0i-tn%CC%82g" title="Lé-pài-tn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lé-pài-tn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Царква (збудаванне) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царква (збудаванне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Царква – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Царква" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97)" title="चर्च (बिल्डिंग) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चर्च (बिल्डिंग)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahan" title="Simbahan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Simbahan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jioj" title="Jioj – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jioj" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Църква – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Църква" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkva" title="Crkva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crkva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliz_(savadur)" title="Iliz (savadur) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iliz (savadur)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_(arquitectura)" title="Església (arquitectura) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Església (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahan" title="Simbahan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Simbahan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostel" title="Kostel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereke" title="Kereke – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kereke" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglwys" title="Eglwys – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eglwys" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirke_(bygning)" title="Kirke (bygning) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kirke (bygning)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girku" title="Girku – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Girku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaerich" title="Kaerich – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kaerich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirche_(Bauwerk)" title="Kirche (Bauwerk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirche (Bauwerk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirik_(p%C3%BChakoda)" title="Kirik (pühakoda) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirik (pühakoda)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Εκκλησία (αρχιτεκτονική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκκλησία (αρχιτεκτονική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_(edificio)" title="Iglesia (edificio) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia (edificio)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristana_pre%C4%9Dejo" title="Kristana preĝejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristana preĝejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_(eraikina)" title="Eliza (eraikina) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eliza (eraikina)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کلیسا (ساختمان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسا (ساختمان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkja_(h%C3%BAs)" title="Kirkja (hús) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kirkja (hús)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_(%C3%A9difice)" title="Église (édifice) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église (édifice)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjerke" title="Tsjerke – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjerke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaglais_(foirgneamh)" title="Eaglais (foirgneamh) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eaglais (foirgneamh)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeill" title="Keeill – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Keeill" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igrexa_(arquitectura)" title="Igrexa (arquitectura) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Igrexa (arquitectura)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Киназ (гӀишло) – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Киназ (гӀишло)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A)" title="इगर्ज (चर्च) – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इगर्ज (चर्च)" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EB%8B%B9" title="교회당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교회당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB_(%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Եկեղեցի (շինություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եկեղեցի (շինություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0" title="गिरजाघर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिरजाघर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkva" title="Crkva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crkva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulo_uka" title="Ulo uka – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ulo uka" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_(bangunan)" title="Gereja (bangunan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja (bangunan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_(edificio)" title="Ecclesia (edificio) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ecclesia (edificio)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclesia" title="Eclesia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Eclesia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аргъуан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аргъуан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkja" title="Kirkja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kirkja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_(architettura)" title="Chiesa (architettura) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa (architettura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="כנסייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כנסייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚರ್ಚ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚರ್ಚ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90)" title="ეკლესია (ნაგებობა) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკლესია (ნაგებობა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Шіркеу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шіркеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isengero" title="Isengero – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Isengero" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanisa_(jengo)" title="Kanisa (jengo) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanisa (jengo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legliz" title="Legliz – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Legliz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AAr" title="Dêr – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dêr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Кирха – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кирха" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlieja_(architetura)" title="Dlieja (architetura) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Dlieja (architetura)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilisia" title="Kilisia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kilisia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_(aedificium)" title="Ecclesia (aedificium) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia (aedificium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazn%C4%ABca_(celtne)" title="Baznīca (celtne) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baznīca (celtne)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kierch" title="Kierch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kierch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%BEny%C4%8Dia" title="Bažnyčia – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bažnyčia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A8rk_(geboew)" title="Kèrk (geboew) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kèrk (geboew)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%C3%A1ko_Nz%C3%A1mbe" title="Ndáko Nzámbe – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ndáko Nzámbe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglesa" title="Eglesa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eglesa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirikk%C3%B6" title="Kirikkö – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirikkö" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesa_(Architettura)" title="Gesa (Architettura) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gesa (Architettura)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0" title="गिरजाघर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गिरजाघर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Црква (градба) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црква (градба)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trano_fiangonana" title="Trano fiangonana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Trano fiangonana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="പള്ളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പള്ളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="चर्च – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चर्च" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94" title="ოხვამე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოხვამე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87" title="كنيسه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كنيسه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gereja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerkgebouw" title="Kerkgebouw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kerkgebouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaark_(gebouw)" title="Kaark (gebouw) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kaark (gebouw)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0" title="गिर्जाघर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गिर्जाघर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82" title="教会堂 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教会堂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirke" title="Kirke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrkje" title="Kyrkje – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyrkje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gllise" title="Égllise – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Égllise" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_(edifici)" title="Glèisa (edifici) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glèisa (edifici)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Черке – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Черке" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldaa_kiristaanaa" title="Waldaa kiristaanaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Waldaa kiristaanaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherkov" title="Cherkov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cherkov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗਿਰਜਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਿਰਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="گرجا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرجا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sios" title="Sios – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sios" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kark_(Huus)" title="Kark (Huus) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kark (Huus)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_(budynek)" title="Kościół (budynek) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kościół (budynek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_(edif%C3%ADcio)" title="Igreja (edifício) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja (edifício)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirch" title="Kirch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kirch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biseric%C4%83_(edificiu)" title="Biserică (edificiu) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biserică (edificiu)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1ichiq_wasi" title="Iñichiq wasi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñichiq wasi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC)" title="Церьков (храм) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Церьков (храм)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Церковь (сооружение) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Церковь (сооружение)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk" title="Kirk – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kirk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereke_(Kago)" title="Kereke (Kago) – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Kereke (Kago)" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisha" title="Kisha – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kisha" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD)" title="පල්ලිය (ගොඩනැගිල්ල) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පල්ලිය (ගොඩනැගිල්ල)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Church (building)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%B1" title="گرجا گهر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرجا گهر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostol" title="Kostol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerkev_(zgradba)" title="Cerkev (zgradba) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cerkev (zgradba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87%C5%AF%C5%82_(stawjy%C5%84y)" title="Kośćůł (stawjyńy) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kośćůł (stawjyńy)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaniisad" title="Kaniisad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaniisad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%B5%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%A7_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95)" title="کڵێسا (باڵەخانە) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کڵێسا (باڵەخانە)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Црква (грађевина) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црква (грађевина)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkva_(gra%C4%91evina)" title="Crkva (građevina) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crkva (građevina)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gar%C3%A9ja" title="Garéja – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Garéja" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkko_(rakennus)" title="Kirkko (rakennus) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirkko (rakennus)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrka" title="Kyrka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kyrka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbahan_(gusali)" title="Simbahan (gusali) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Simbahan (gusali)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிறித்தவத் தேவாலயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறித்தவத் தேவாலயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamezdayt_(As%C9%A3an)" title="Tamezdayt (Asɣan) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamezdayt (Asɣan)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF" title="చర్చి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చర్చి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="โบสถ์คริสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบสถ์คริสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Калисо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калисо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilise" title="Kilise – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kilise" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C9%94re_dan" title="Asɔre dan – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Asɔre dan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot" title="Cot – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Cot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F)" title="Церква (будівля) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Церква (будівля)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="گرجا گھر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرجا گھر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceza_(architetura)" title="Ceza (architetura) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ceza (architetura)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_th%E1%BB%9D" title="Nhà thờ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà thờ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerik_(hoon%C3%B5q)" title="Kerik (hoonõq) – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kerik (hoonõq)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglijhe_(bastimint)" title="Eglijhe (bastimint) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Eglijhe (bastimint)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerkgebouw" title="Kerkgebouw – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kerkgebouw" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singbahan" title="Singbahan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Singbahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="教堂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קלויסטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלויסטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="教堂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1lise" title="Kılise – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kılise" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerke" title="Kerke – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kerke" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_building&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Church building">Church building</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place of worship for Christians</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Church building" and "Church house" redirect here. For the building in Poughkeepsie, New York, see <a href="/wiki/Church_Building" title="Church Building">Church Building</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Church_House" class="mw-disambig" title="Church House">Church House</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_(IV)_(39452708702).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_%28IV%29_%2839452708702%29.jpg/220px-Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_%28IV%29_%2839452708702%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_%28IV%29_%2839452708702%29.jpg/330px-Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_%28IV%29_%2839452708702%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_%28IV%29_%2839452708702%29.jpg/440px-Basilica_cattedrale_di_San_Giusto_Martire_%28IV%29_%2839452708702%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="5099" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Cathedral" title="Trieste Cathedral">Trieste Cathedral</a>, a church dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Saint Justus</a>, completed in 1320. It featured <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">iconography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">the Virgin and Child</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a 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mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" 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href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg/220px-Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg/330px-Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg/440px-Kirche_Dannenwalde_Gransee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="2508" /></a><figcaption>Church in <a href="/wiki/Gransee" title="Gransee">Gransee</a> Dannenwalde, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1050306_semilarge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/P1050306_semilarge.jpg/220px-P1050306_semilarge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/P1050306_semilarge.jpg/330px-P1050306_semilarge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/P1050306_semilarge.jpg/440px-P1050306_semilarge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>A village church in <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>church</b>, <b>church building</b>, or <b>church house</b> is a building used for <a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Christian worship</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">services</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Christian religious</a> activities. The earliest identified Christian church is a <a href="/wiki/House_church" title="House church">house church</a> founded between 233 and 256.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes, the word <i>church</i> is used by <a href="/wiki/Analogy" title="Analogy">analogy</a> and for simplicity to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">buildings of other religions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mosques" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosques">mosques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synagogues" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues">synagogues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Church</i> is also used to describe a <a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">body or an assembly of Christian believers</a>, while "the Church" may be used to refer to the worldwide Christian religious community as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In traditional <a href="/wiki/Christian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian architecture">Christian architecture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Plan_view" class="mw-redirect" title="Plan view">plan view</a> of a church often forms a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> with the centre <a href="/wiki/Aisle" title="Aisle">aisle</a> and seating representing the vertical beam and the <a href="/wiki/Church_architecture#Characteristics_of_the_early_Christian_church_building" title="Church architecture">bema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> forming the horizontal. Towers or domes may inspire contemplation of the <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heavens</a>. Modern churches have a variety of <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural styles</a> and layouts. Some buildings designed for other purposes have been converted to churches, while many original church buildings have been put to other uses. From the eleventh through the fourteenth centuries, there was a wave of church construction in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. </p><p>Many churches worldwide are of considerable <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">historical</a>, national, <a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">cultural</a>, and architectural significance, with several recognized as <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_religion" title="List of World Heritage Sites by religion">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_-_cyrican.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle_-_cyrican.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="77" /></a><figcaption><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Cyrican</i></span> is an <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word for churches and church property</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>church</i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">cirice</i></span> word, 'place of assemblage set aside for Christian worship', from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> <i>kirika word</i>. This was probably borrowed via the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kyriake (oikia)</i></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kyriakon doma</i></span>, 'the Lord's (house)', from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">kyrios</a></i></span>, 'ruler, lord'. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kyrios</i></span> in turn comes from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European language</a> root <span title="Proto-Indo-European-language text" class="Unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span lang="ine"><i>*keue</i></span></span> meaning 'to swell'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kyriakon</i></span>, 'of the Lord', was used of houses of Christian worship since <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 300</span>, especially in the East, although it was less common in this sense than <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Greece)" title="Ecclesia (ancient Greece)">ekklesia</a></i></span> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilike</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-OEtymDChurch_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEtymDChurch-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg/220px-Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg/330px-Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg/440px-Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3211" data-file-height="2261" /></a><figcaption>South facade of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Simeon_Stylites" title="Church of Saint Simeon Stylites">Church of Saint Simeon Stylites</a> in Aleppo, Syria, is considered to be one of the oldest surviving church buildings in the world</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_church_buildings" title="List of oldest church buildings">List of oldest church buildings</a></div> <p>The earliest archeologically identified Christian church is a <a href="/wiki/House_church" title="House church">house church</a> (<i>domus ecclesiae</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Dura-Europos_church" title="Dura-Europos church">Dura-Europos church</a>, founded between 233 and 256.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second half of the third century AD, the first purpose-built halls for Christian worship (<i>aula ecclesiae</i>) began to be constructed. Although many of these were destroyed early in the next century during the <a href="/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution" title="Diocletianic Persecution">Diocletianic Persecution</a>. Even larger and more elaborate churches began to appear during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_times">Medieval times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the eleventh through the fourteenth centuries, a wave of cathedral building and the construction of smaller <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish churches</a> occurred across <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. Besides serving as a <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">place of worship</a>, the cathedral or parish church was frequently employed as a general gathering place by the communities in which they were located, hosting such events as <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> meetings, <a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">banquets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystery_plays" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery plays">mystery plays</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">fairs</a>. Church grounds and buildings were also used for the threshing and storage of grain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romanesque_architecture">Romanesque architecture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Romanesque architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1000 and 1200, the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> style became popular across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. The Romanesque style is defined by large and bulky edifices typically composed of simple, compact, sparsely decorated geometric structures. Frequent features of the Romanesque church include <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">circular arches</a>, round or <a href="/wiki/Octagon" title="Octagon">octagonal</a> towers, and <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">cushion capitals</a> on pillars. In the early Romanesque era, <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffering</a> on the ceiling was fashionable, while later in the same era, <a href="/wiki/Groin_vault" title="Groin vault">groined vaults</a> gained popularity. Interiors widened, and the motifs of sculptures took on more epic traits and themes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gothic_architecture">Gothic architecture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gothic architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ani-Cathedral,_Ruine.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ani-Cathedral%2C_Ruine.jpeg/220px-Ani-Cathedral%2C_Ruine.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ani-Cathedral%2C_Ruine.jpeg/330px-Ani-Cathedral%2C_Ruine.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ani-Cathedral%2C_Ruine.jpeg/440px-Ani-Cathedral%2C_Ruine.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Ani" title="Cathedral of Ani">Cathedral of Ani</a>, one of the founders of the Gothic style of architecture.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg/220px-Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg/330px-Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg/440px-Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Munich_Frauenkirche" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich Frauenkirche">Frauenkirche</a> in Munich is a largely <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>, medieval church.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style emerged around 1140 in <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> and subsequently spread throughout Europe. Gothic churches lost the compact qualities of the Romanesque era, and decorations often contained <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> features. The first <a href="/wiki/Pointed_arch" title="Pointed arch">pointed arches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rib_vault" title="Rib vault">rib vaults</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buttress" title="Buttress">buttresses</a> began to appear, all possessing geometric properties that reduced the need for large, rigid walls to ensure structural stability. This also permitted the size of windows to increase, producing brighter and lighter interiors. <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">Nave</a> ceilings rose, and pillars and steeples heightened. Many architects used these developments to push the limits of structural possibility, an inclination that resulted in the collapse of several towers whose designs that had unwittingly exceeded the boundaries of soundness. In Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain, it became popular to build <a href="/wiki/Hall_church" title="Hall church">hall churches</a>, a style in which every <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">vault</a> would be built to the same height. </p><p>Gothic cathedrals were lavishly designed, as in the Romanesque era, and many share Romanesque traits. However, several also exhibit unprecedented degrees of detail and complexity in decoration. The <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Notre-Dame de Reims</a> in France, as well as the <a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_d%27Assisi,_Palermo" title="San Francesco d'Assisi, Palermo">San Francesco d’Assisi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wool_church" title="Wool church">Wool Church</a> in England, and <a href="/wiki/Santhome_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhome Church">Santhome Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, show the elaborate stylings characteristic of Gothic cathedrals. </p><p>Some of the most well-known gothic churches remained unfinished for centuries after the style fell out of popularity. One such example is the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a>, which began in 1248, was halted in 1473, and was not resumed until 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance">Renaissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Renaissance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the changes in ethics and society due to the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> also influenced the building of churches. The common style was much like the Gothic style but simplified. The <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> was not the most popular type of church anymore, but instead, <a href="/wiki/Hall_church" title="Hall church">hall churches</a> were built. Typical features are columns and classical <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant churches</a>, where the proclamation of God's Word is of particular importance, the visitor's line of sight is directed towards the <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baroque_architecture">Baroque architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Baroque architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1,_Vilnius,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-St._Peter_and_St._Paul%27s_Church_1%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6884" data-file-height="6626" /></a><figcaption>Central <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Peter_and_St._Paul,_Vilnius" title="Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Vilnius">Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Vilnius</a>, Lithuania, an example of a <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> church interior</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> style was first used in Italy around 1575. From there, it spread to the rest of Europe and the European colonies. The building industry increased heavily during the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> era. Buildings, even churches, were used to indicate wealth, authority, and influence. The use of forms known from the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> was extremely exaggerated. <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Domes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capitals</a> were decorated with moulding, and the former <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a> sculptures were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> paintings on the ceilings. For the first time, churches were seen as one connected work of art, and consistent artistic concepts were developed. Instead of long buildings, more central-plan buildings were created. The sprawling decoration with floral ornamentation and mythological motives lasted until about 1720 in the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> preferred lateral<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> churches, in which all the visitors could be as close as possible to the <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Church architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters,_Norfolk,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters%2C_Norfolk%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/170px-Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters%2C_Norfolk%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters%2C_Norfolk%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/255px-Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters%2C_Norfolk%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters%2C_Norfolk%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/340px-Norwich_Cathedral_from_Cloisters%2C_Norfolk%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5169" data-file-height="7884" /></a><figcaption>The view of the spire of <a href="/wiki/Norwich_Cathedral" title="Norwich Cathedral">Norwich Cathedral</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloisters</a>, in Norfolk, England</figcaption></figure> <p>A common trait of the architecture of many churches is the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">cross</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a long central rectangle, with side rectangles and a rectangle in front for the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> space or sanctuary). These churches also often have a <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> or other large <a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">vaulted</a> space in the interior to represent or draw attention to the heavens. Other common shapes for churches include a circle, to represent eternity, or an <a href="/wiki/Octagon" title="Octagon">octagon</a> or similar star shape, to represent the church's bringing light to the world. Another common feature is the <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spire</a>, a tall tower at the "west" end of the church or over the <a href="/wiki/Crossing_(architecture)" title="Crossing (architecture)">crossing</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another common feature of many Christian churches is the <a href="/wiki/Orientation_of_churches" title="Orientation of churches">eastwards orientation</a> of the front altar.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often, the altar will not be oriented due east but toward the sunrise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This tradition originated in <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> in the fourth century and became prevalent in the West in the eighth and ninth centuries. The old Roman custom of having the altar at the west end and the entrance at the east was sometimes followed as late as the eleventh century, even in areas of northern Europe under Frankish rule, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Petershausen_(Constance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Petershausen (Constance)">Petershausen (Constance)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Cathedral" title="Augsburg Cathedral">Augsburg Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regensburg_Cathedral" title="Regensburg Cathedral">Regensburg Cathedral</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_Cathedral" title="Hildesheim Cathedral">Hildesheim Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basilica">Basilica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Basilica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">Basilica</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Minster_(church)" title="Minster (church)">Minster (church)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i>basilica</i> was initially used to describe a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> public building usually located in the <a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forum</a> of a Roman town.<sup id="cite_ref-OXFORD1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OXFORD1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> became <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Thessalonica" title="Edict of Thessalonica">officially Christian</a>, the term came by extension to refer to a large and influential church that has been given special ceremonial rights by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word thus retains two senses today, one architectural and the other ecclesiastical. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cathedral">Cathedral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duomo" title="Duomo">Duomo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg/220px-Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg/330px-Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg/440px-Florence_Duomo_from_Michelangelo_hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3308" data-file-height="2399" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Florence_Cathedral" title="Florence Cathedral">Florence Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A cathedral is a church, usually <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>, housing the seat of a bishop. The word cathedral takes its name from <i><a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a></i>, or Bishop's Throne (In <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">ecclesia cathedralis</i>). The term is sometimes (improperly) used to refer to any church of great size. </p><p>A church with a cathedral function is not necessarily a large building. It might be as small as <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Oxford" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford">Christ Church Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England, <a href="/wiki/Porvoo_Cathedral" title="Porvoo Cathedral">Porvoo Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Porvoo" title="Porvoo">Porvoo</a>, Finland, <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_(Raleigh,_North_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral (Raleigh, North Carolina)">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, United States</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a> Cathedral in Switzerland. However, frequently, the cathedral, along with some of the abbey churches, was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest buildings in the world">largest building</a> in any region. </p><p>Cathedrals tend to display a higher level of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">contemporary architectural style</a> and the work of accomplished craftsmen, and occupy a status both ecclesiastical and social that an ordinary parish church rarely has. Such churches are generally among the finest buildings locally and a source of national and regional pride,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many are among the world's most renowned works of architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapel">Chapel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">Chapel</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_ease" title="Chapel of ease">Chapel of ease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg/220px-Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg/330px-Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg/440px-Cappella_Palatina_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina" title="Cappella Palatina">Cappella Palatina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Either, a discrete space with an altar inside a larger cathedral, conventual, parish, or other church; or, a free standing small church building or room not connected to a larger church, to serve a particular <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">school</a>, <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>, prison, private household, <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>, or other institution. Often proprietary churches and small conventual churches are referred to by this term.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collegiate_church">Collegiate church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Collegiate church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></div> <p>A collegiate church is a church where the <a href="/wiki/Daily_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily office">daily office</a> of worship is maintained by a <a href="/wiki/College_(canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="College (canon law)">college</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">canons</a>, which may be presided over by a <a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">dean</a> or <a href="/wiki/Provost_(religion)" title="Provost (religion)">provost</a>. Collegiate churches were often supported by extensive lands held by the church, or by <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> income from <a href="/wiki/Impropriation" title="Impropriation">appropriated</a> <a href="/wiki/Benefices" class="mw-redirect" title="Benefices">benefices</a>. They commonly provide distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of their clerical community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventual_church">Conventual church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Conventual church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Priory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katholikon" title="Katholikon">Katholikon</a></div> <p>A conventual church (in Eastern Orthodoxy <i><a href="/wiki/Katholikon" title="Katholikon">katholikon</a></i>) is the main church in a Christian <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, known variously as an abbey, a priory, a convent, a friary, or a preceptory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parish_church">Parish church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Parish church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parish_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish Church">Parish Church</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Clergy_house" title="Clergy house">Clergy house</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg/220px-BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg/330px-BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg/440px-BerndorfEnsembleMargaretenplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2937" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>St Margarete Parish Church, <a href="/wiki/Berndorf,_Lower_Austria" title="Berndorf, Lower Austria">Berndorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A parish church is a church built to meet the needs of people localised in a geographical area called a parish. The vast majority of Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran church buildings fall into this category. A parish church may also be a basilica, a cathedral, a conventual or collegiate church, or a place of pilgrimage. The vast majority of parish churches do not however enjoy such privileges. </p><p>In addition to a parish church, each parish may maintain auxiliary organizations and their facilities such as a <a href="/wiki/Rectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectory">rectory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_hall" title="Church hall">parish hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial school</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a>, frequently located on the same campus or adjacent to the church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilgrimage_church">Pilgrimage church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pilgrimage church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_church" title="Pilgrimage church">Pilgrimage church</a></div> <p>A pilgrimage church is a church to which <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimages</a> are regularly made, or a church along a pilgrimage route, often located at the tomb of a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, or holding icons or <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> to which miraculous properties are ascribed, the site of <a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparitions</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietary_church">Proprietary church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Proprietary church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_church" title="Proprietary church">Proprietary church</a></div> <p>During the Middle Ages, a proprietary church was a church, abbey, or cloister built on the private grounds of a feudal lord, over which he retained proprietary interests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evangelical_church_structures">Evangelical church structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Evangelical church structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakewood_worship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lakewood_worship.jpg/220px-Lakewood_worship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lakewood_worship.jpg/330px-Lakewood_worship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Lakewood_worship.jpg/440px-Lakewood_worship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Church" title="Lakewood Church">Lakewood Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The architecture of <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> places of worship is mainly characterized by its sobriety.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a> is a well known <a href="/wiki/Christian_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian symbol">Christian symbol</a> that can usually be seen on the building of an evangelical church and that identifies the place's belonging.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some services take place in theaters, schools or multipurpose rooms, rented for Sunday only.<sup id="cite_ref-Caillou_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caillou-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is usually a <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">baptistery</a> at the front of the church (in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> in historic traditions) or in a separate room for <a href="/wiki/Immersion_baptism" title="Immersion baptism">baptisms by immersion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worship services take on impressive proportions in the <a href="/wiki/Megachurches" class="mw-redirect" title="Megachurches">megachurches</a> (churches where more than 2,000 people gather every Sunday). In some of these megachurches, more than 10,000 people gather every Sunday. The term gigachurch is sometimes used.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Church" title="Lakewood Church">Lakewood Church</a> (United States) or <a href="/wiki/Yoido_Full_Gospel_Church" title="Yoido Full Gospel Church">Yoido Full Gospel Church</a> (South Korea).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_church">House church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: House church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_church" title="House church">House church</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_singing_chant.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/People_singing_chant.JPG/220px-People_singing_chant.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/People_singing_chant.JPG/330px-People_singing_chant.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/People_singing_chant.JPG/440px-People_singing_chant.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A house church in Shunyi, Beijing.</figcaption></figure> <p>In some countries of the world which apply <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, government authorizations for worship are complex for Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecution of Christians</a>, Evangelical <a href="/wiki/House_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="House churches">house churches</a> have thus developed.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, there is the <a href="/wiki/House_church_(China)" title="House church (China)">Evangelical house churches in China</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meetings thus take place in private houses, in secret and in "illegality".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_buildings">Alternative buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Alternative buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Road_church" title="Road church">Road church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simultaneum" title="Simultaneum">Simultaneum</a></div> <p>Old and disused church buildings can be seen as an interesting proposition for developers as the architecture and location often provide for attractive homes<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or city centre entertainment venues.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, many newer churches have decided to host meetings in public buildings such as schools,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> universities,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cinemas<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is another trend to convert old buildings for <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a> rather than face the construction costs and planning difficulties of a new build. Unusual venues in the UK include a former tram power station,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a former <a href="/wiki/Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">bus garage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a former cinema and <a href="/wiki/Bingo_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bingo (UK)">bingo</a> hall,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a former <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Army (United Kingdom)">Territorial Army</a> drill hall,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a former <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Tees_(1817)" title="HMS Tees (1817)">HMS <i>Tees</i></a> served as a floating church for mariners at <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> from 1827 until she sank in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-LM100672_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LM100672-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A windmill has also been converted into a church at <a href="/wiki/Reigate_Heath_Windmill" title="Reigate Heath Windmill">Reigate Heath</a>. </p><p>There have been increased partnerships between church management and private real estate companies to redevelop church properties into mixed uses. While it has garnered criticism, the partnership allows congregations to increase revenue while preserving the property.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Geographical distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg/220px-Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg/330px-Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg/440px-Jerusalem-Grabeskirche-14-vom_Erloeserkirchturm-2010-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> is considered the most important church in all of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, all <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign states">sovereign states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependent territories">dependent territories</a> worldwide have church buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> has the fewest churches globally, featuring only one official church: the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Divine_Providence_Chapel,_Kabul" title="Our Lady of Divine Providence Chapel, Kabul">Our Lady of Divine Providence Chapel in Kabul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> follows closely, having once housed the <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu_Cathedral" title="Mogadishu Cathedral">Mogadishu Cathedral</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the Saint Anthony of Padua Church in <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other countries with a limited number of churches include <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, some estimates suggest that the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> has the highest number of churches in the world, with around 380,000,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Future for Religious Heritage, there are over 500,000 churches across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several cities are commonly known as the "<a href="/wiki/City_of_Churches" title="City of Churches">City of Churches</a>" due to their abundance of churches. These cities include <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Churches of Kraków">Kraków</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-diecezja_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diecezja-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Churches_in_Prague" title="Churches in Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)" title="Querétaro (city)">Querétaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Rome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Vilnius" title="List of churches in Vilnius">Vilnius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, Rome and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> are home to the highest number of churches of any city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade,_Rome,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2975" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings" title="List of largest church buildings">largest church in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Although building churches is prohibited in Saudi Arabia, which has around 1.5 million Christians,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the country contains the remnants of a historic church known as the <a href="/wiki/Jubail_Church" title="Jubail Church">Jubail Church</a>, which dates back to the fourth century and was affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discovered in 1986, the site was excavated by the Saudi Antiquities Department in 1987. As of 2008, the findings from this excavation had not been published, reflecting sensitivities regarding artifacts from non-Islamic religions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Maldives, which has approximately 1,400 Christians,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> building churches is prohibited. However, only foreign Christian workers are allowed to practice their religion privately.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the prohibition on church construction, both countries have secret <a href="/wiki/Home_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Home churches">home churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many churches worldwide are of considerable historical, national, <a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">cultural</a>, and architectural significance, with several recognized as <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_religion" title="List of World Heritage Sites by religion">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> the <a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">Cenacle</a> (the site of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> was the "first Christian church".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dura-Europos_church" title="Dura-Europos church">Dura-Europos church</a> in Syria is the oldest surviving church building in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several authors have cited the <a href="/wiki/Etchmiadzin_Cathedral" title="Etchmiadzin Cathedral">Etchmiadzin Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>'s mother church) as the oldest <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/47px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/62px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Architecture" title="Portal:Architecture">Architecture portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedication_(ritual)" title="Dedication (ritual)">Dedication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings" title="List of largest church buildings">List of largest church buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_church" title="Pub church">Pub church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_(Methodist)" title="Tabernacle (Methodist)">Tabernacle (Methodist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Bhutan, 65,000 Christians have access to only one official church. In Western Sahara, however, there are dozens of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Morocco" title="Christianity in Morocco">Moroccan Christians</a> and around 260 expatriate Spaniards who are served by two churches: <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi_Cathedral,_Laayoune" title="St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral, Laayoune">St. Francis of Assisi Cathedral in Laayoune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel_Church,_Dakhla" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church, Dakhla">Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in Dakhla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2003" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Graydon F. (2003). <i>Ante Pacem: Archaeological Evidence of Church Life Before Constantine</i>. Mercer University Press. p. 128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ante+Pacem%3A+Archaeological+Evidence+of+Church+Life+Before+Constantine&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Graydon+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Use of the term <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/362167/Manichaeism">"The Manichaean Church"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503193144/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/362167/Manichaeism">Archived</a> 3 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The term church is found, but not specifically defined, in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). The term is not used by all faiths; however, in an attempt to make this publication easy to read, we use it in its generic sense as a place of worship including, for example, mosques and synagogues." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1828.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407231943/https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1828.pdf">Archived</a> 7 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>US IRS Tax Guide for Churches & Religious Organizations</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/church-Christianity">"Church | Definition, History, & Types | Britannica"</a>. 22 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195517/https://www.britannica.com/topic/church-Christianity">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+%26%23124%3B+Definition%2C+History%2C+%26+Types+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fchurch-Christianity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsivolas2014" class="citation book cs1">Tsivolas, Theodosios (2014). <i>Law and Religious Cultural Heritage in Europe</i>. Springer International Publishing. p. 3-4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319079325" title="Special:BookSources/9783319079325"><bdi>9783319079325</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Religious+Cultural+Heritage+in+Europe&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9783319079325&rft.aulast=Tsivolas&rft.aufirst=Theodosios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/church#etymonline_v_11358">"church | Etymology of church by etymonline"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=church+%7C+Etymology+of+church+by+etymonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fchurch%23etymonline_v_11358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEtymDChurch-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OEtymDChurch_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=church">"Church"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160731005655/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=church">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dchurch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2003" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Graydon F. (2003). <i>Ante Pacem: Archaeological Evidence of Church Life Before Constantine</i>. Mercer University Press. p. 128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ante+Pacem%3A+Archaeological+Evidence+of+Church+Life+Before+Constantine&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Graydon+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartog2010" class="citation book cs1">Hartog, Paul, ed. (February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hlqUCgAAQBAJ&q=early+church+buildings&pg=PT70"><i>The Contemporary Church and the Early Church: Case Studies in Ressourcement</i></a>. Pickwick Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1606088999" title="Special:BookSources/978-1606088999"><bdi>978-1606088999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Contemporary+Church+and+the+Early+Church%3A+Case+Studies+in+Ressourcement&rft.pub=Pickwick+Publications&rft.date=2010-02&rft.isbn=978-1606088999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhlqUCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dearly%2Bchurch%2Bbuildings%26pg%3DPT70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span> (Chapter 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy" class="citation book cs1">Levy. <i>Cathedrals and the Church</i>. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathedrals+and+the+Church&rft.pages=12&rft.au=Levy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToman2015" class="citation book cs1">Toman, Rolf (30 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g3HgsgEACAAJ&q=romanesque+architecture"><i>Romanesque: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting</i></a>. h.f.ullmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783848008407" title="Special:BookSources/9783848008407"><bdi>9783848008407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romanesque%3A+Architecture%2C+Sculpture%2C+Painting&rft.pub=h.f.ullmann&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft.isbn=9783848008407&rft.aulast=Toman&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg3HgsgEACAAJ%26q%3Dromanesque%2Barchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklCrossley2000" class="citation book cs1">Frankl, Paul; Crossley, Paul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LBZ6781vvOwC&q=gothic+architecture"><i>Gothic Architecture</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300087993" title="Special:BookSources/0300087993"><bdi>0300087993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gothic+Architecture&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0300087993&rft.aulast=Frankl&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Crossley%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLBZ6781vvOwC%26q%3Dgothic%2Barchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Christy (28 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=70m1KbuD5YoC&q=renaissance+architecture"><i>Renaissance Architecture</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192842275" title="Special:BookSources/9780192842275"><bdi>9780192842275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Architecture&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2013-02-28&rft.isbn=9780192842275&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Christy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D70m1KbuD5YoC%26q%3Drenaissance%2Barchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerz2008" class="citation book cs1">Merz, Jörg Martin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eaC7yKbxj8UC&q=baroque+architecture"><i>Pietro Da Cortona and Roman Baroque Architecture</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300111231" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300111231"><bdi>978-0300111231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pietro+Da+Cortona+and+Roman+Baroque+Architecture&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0300111231&rft.aulast=Merz&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeaC7yKbxj8UC%26q%3Dbaroque%2Barchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetit1841" class="citation book cs1">Petit, John Louis (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqIZAAAAYAAJ"><i>Remarks on Church Architecture ...</i></a> J. Burns.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remarks+on+Church+Architecture+...&rft.pub=J.+Burns&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Petit&rft.aufirst=John+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqIZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/sacred_places_the_significance_of_the_church_building/">"The Institute for Sacred Architecture | Articles | Sacred Places: The Significance of the Church Building"</a>. <i>www.sacredarchitecture.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233033/http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/sacred_places_the_significance_of_the_church_building/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sacredarchitecture.org&rft.atitle=The+Institute+for+Sacred+Architecture+%7C+Articles+%7C+Sacred+Places%3A+The+Significance+of+the+Church+Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacredarchitecture.org%2Farticles%2Fsacred_places_the_significance_of_the_church_building%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sX8w667tblMC&dq=%22XI+Jahrh+fortgedauert%22&pg=PA12">Heinrich Otte, <i>Handbuch der kirchlichen Kunst-Archäologie des deutschen Mittelalters</i> (Leipzig 1868), p. 12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OXFORD1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OXFORD1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Te2dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art and Architecture</i></a> (2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19968027-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19968027-6">978-0-19968027-6</a>), p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/the_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture">"The Institute for Sacred Architecture - Articles- The Eschatological Dimension of Church Architecture"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209094141/https://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/the_eschatological_dimension_of_church_architecture/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Stephanie Glaser (Turnhout: Brepols, 2018). pp. 239–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Chapel"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309142301/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03574b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Klaus, Douglas Petersen, <i>The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel</i>, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2011, p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark A. Lamport, <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2</i>, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anne C. Loveland, Otis B. Wheeler, <i> From Meetinghouse to Megachurch: A Material and Cultural History</i>, University of Missouri Press, USA, 2003, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caillou-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caillou_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annabelle Caillou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/541071/vivre-grace-aux-dons-et-au-benevolat">Vivre grâce aux dons et au bénévolat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106064325/https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/541071/vivre-grace-aux-dons-et-au-benevolat">Archived</a> 6 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ledevoir.com, Canada, 10 November 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmuth Berking, Silke Steets, Jochen Schwenk, <i>Religious Pluralism and the City: Inquiries into Postsecular Urbanism</i>, Bloomsbury Publishing, UK, 2018, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. 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Brackney, <i>Historical Dictionary of the Baptists</i>, Scarecrow Press, USA, 2009, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wade Clark Roof, <i>Contemporary American Religion, Volume 1</i>, Macmillan, UK, 2000, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sam Hey, <i>Megachurches: Origins, Ministry, and Prospects</i>, Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2013, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ed Stetzer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2008/october/megachurch-research--terminology.html">Megachurch Research - Terminology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516030544/https://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2008/october/megachurch-research--terminology.html">Archived</a> 16 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, christianitytoday.com, USA, October 9, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alicia Budich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/from-megachurch-to-gigachurch/">From Megachurch to "Gigachurch"</a>, cbsnews.com, USA, April 6, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley, <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 4</i>, Wm. 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Eerdmans Publishing, USA, 2005, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yves Mamou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/religion/2019/03/20/31004-20190320ARTFIG00076-yves-mamou-les-persecutions-de-chretiens-ont-lieu-en-majorite-dans-des-pays-musulmans.php">Yves Mamou: «Les persécutions de chrétiens ont lieu en majorité dans des pays musulmans»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023318/https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/religion/2019/03/20/31004-20190320ARTFIG00076-yves-mamou-les-persecutions-de-chretiens-ont-lieu-en-majorite-dans-des-pays-musulmans.php">Archived</a> 11 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, lefigaro.fr, France, March 20, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wesley Rahn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752">In Xi we trust - Is China cracking down on Christianity?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220161203/https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752">Archived</a> 20 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, dw.com, Germany, January 19, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan Heaton Anderson, <i>An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity</i>, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2013, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Stiller, <i>Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century</i>, Thomas Nelson, USA, 2015, p. 328</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark A. 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Aylsham Community Church. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110913220620/http://www.aylshamcommunitychurch.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aylsham+Community+Church&rft.pub=Aylsham+Community+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aylshamcommunitychurch.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2004" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Reg (2004). <i>Things are different now: A short history of Winchester Family Church</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.barnabascommunitychurch.com&rft.atitle=ABOUT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnabascommunitychurch.com%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citychurchsheffield.org.uk/where-we-meet">"Where We Meet"</a>. <i>City Church Sheffield</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220052125/http://www.citychurchsheffield.org.uk/where-we-meet">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Church+Sheffield&rft.atitle=Where+We+Meet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citychurchsheffield.org.uk%2Fwhere-we-meet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LM100672-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LM100672_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Local and General". <i>Leeds Mercury</i>. No. 10660. Leeds. 10 June 1872.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+Mercury&rft.atitle=Local+and+General&rft.issue=10660&rft.date=1872-06-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman" class="citation news cs1">Friedman, Robyn A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/churches-redeveloping-properties-to-give-them-new-life-1443519001">"Churches Redeveloping Properties to Give Them New Life"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713023229/https://www.wsj.com/articles/churches-redeveloping-properties-to-give-them-new-life-1443519001">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Churches+Redeveloping+Properties+to+Give+Them+New+Life&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Robyn+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fchurches-redeveloping-properties-to-give-them-new-life-1443519001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2019" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Andrew (2019). <i>The World of the Crusades: A Daily Life Encyclopedia [2 volumes]</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440854620" title="Special:BookSources/9781440854620"><bdi>9781440854620</bdi></a>. <q>was housed in the most important church in Christendom, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Crusades%3A+A+Daily+Life+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781440854620&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurian2015" class="citation book cs1">Kurian, George (2015). <i>A Quick Look at Christian History: A Chronological Timeline Through the Centuries</i>. Harvest House Publishers. p. 187-188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780736953795" title="Special:BookSources/9780736953795"><bdi>9780736953795</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quick+Look+at+Christian+History%3A+A+Chronological+Timeline+Through+the+Centuries&rft.pages=187-188&rft.pub=Harvest+House+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780736953795&rft.aulast=Kurian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStancati2013" class="citation news cs1">Stancati, Margherita (18 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323384604578326953607830168">"Afghan Church Endures Amid War and Strife"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Afghan+Church+Endures+Amid+War+and+Strife&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Stancati&rft.aufirst=Margherita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887323384604578326953607830168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiovanni_Tebaldi2001" class="citation book cs1">Giovanni Tebaldi (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ulXZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Consolata Missionaries in the World (1901-2001)</i></a>. Paulines. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789966210234" title="Special:BookSources/9789966210234"><bdi>9789966210234</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consolata+Missionaries+in+the+World+%281901-2001%29&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Paulines&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789966210234&rft.au=Giovanni+Tebaldi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DulXZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/7615/somaliland-s-only-catholic-church-closed-days-after-re-opening-due-to-public-pressures-">Somaliland's only Catholic church closed days after re-opening due to 'public pressures '</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926170720/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/7615/somaliland-s-only-catholic-church-closed-days-after-re-opening-due-to-public-pressures-/">Archived</a> 26 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurian2015" class="citation book cs1">Kurian, George (2015). <i>A Quick Look at Christian History: A Chronological Timeline Through the Centuries</i>. Harvest House Publishers. p. 187-188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780736953795" title="Special:BookSources/9780736953795"><bdi>9780736953795</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quick+Look+at+Christian+History%3A+A+Chronological+Timeline+Through+the+Centuries&rft.pages=187-188&rft.pub=Harvest+House+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780736953795&rft.aulast=Kurian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2017" class="citation web cs1">Randall, Rebecca (14 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/2017/09/how-many-churches-in-america-us-nones-nondenominational/">"How Many Churches Does America Have? More Than Expected"</a>. Christianity Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Many+Churches+Does+America+Have%3F+More+Than+Expected&rft.pub=Christianity+Today&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2F2017%2F09%2Fhow-many-churches-in-america-us-nones-nondenominational%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Sinner2012" class="citation book cs1">von Sinner, Rudolf (2012). <i>The Churches and Democracy in Brazil: Towards a Public Theology Focused on Citizenship</i>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199329069" title="Special:BookSources/9780199329069"><bdi>9780199329069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Christianity+in+Asia&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780199329069&rft.aulast=Wilfred&rft.aufirst=Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossJohnson2019" class="citation cs2">Ross, Kenneth R.; Johnson, Todd M. 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Harvest House Publishers. p. 187-188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780736953795" title="Special:BookSources/9780736953795"><bdi>9780736953795</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quick+Look+at+Christian+History%3A+A+Chronological+Timeline+Through+the+Centuries&rft.pages=187-188&rft.pub=Harvest+House+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780736953795&rft.aulast=Kurian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsivolas2014" class="citation book cs1">Tsivolas, Theodosios (2014). <i>Law and Religious Cultural Heritage in Europe</i>. Springer International Publishing. p. 3-4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319079325" title="Special:BookSources/9783319079325"><bdi>9783319079325</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Religious+Cultural+Heritage+in+Europe&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9783319079325&rft.aulast=Tsivolas&rft.aufirst=Theodosios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08355a.htm">"To the time of Constantine (71–312)"</a>. Catholic Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230224025203/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08355a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2013</span>. <q>Certainly no spot in Christendom can be more venerable than the place of the Last Supper, which became the first Christian church.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+the+time+of+Constantine+%2871%E2%80%93312%29&rft.pub=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F08355a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2010" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Carly (11 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/dura_europos/">"Dura-Europos: Crossroad of Cultures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_(magazine)" title="Archaeology (magazine)">Archaeology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025052035/http://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/dura_europos/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dura-Europos%3A+Crossroad+of+Cultures&rft.pub=Archaeology&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Carly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.archaeology.org%2Fonline%2Ffeatures%2Fdura_europos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes,_Jamie2008" class="citation book cs1">Stokes, Jamie, ed. (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438126760" title="Special:BookSources/9781438126760"><bdi>9781438126760</bdi></a>. <q>Etchmiatzin is located in the west of modern Armenia, close to the border with Turkey, and its fourth-century cathedral is generally regarded as the oldest in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781438126760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhilawala1997" class="citation book cs1">Dhilawala, Sakina (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armenia00dhil/page/72"><i>Armenia</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Cavendish" title="Marshall Cavendish">Marshall Cavendish</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armenia00dhil/page/72">72</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761406839" title="Special:BookSources/9780761406839"><bdi>9780761406839</bdi></a>. <q>Echmiadzin Cathedral is the spiritual center of the Armenian Church and the seat of the Catholicos of all Armenians. It is also the oldest cathedral and Christian monastery in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780761406839&rft.aulast=Dhilawala&rft.aufirst=Sakina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmenia00dhil%2Fpage%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUtudjian1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Utudjian" title="Édouard Utudjian">Utudjian, Édouard</a> (1968). <i>Armenian Architecture: 4th to 17th Century</i>. Editions A. Morancé. p. 7. <q>...he also wanted to contribute to the restoration of the oldest cathedral in Christendom, that of Etchmiadzin, founded in the 4th century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenian+Architecture%3A+4th+to+17th+Century&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Editions+A.+Moranc%C3%A9&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Utudjian&rft.aufirst=%C3%89douard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2004" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Patricia (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cathedralschurch0000unse"><i>Cathedrals and the Church</i></a></span>. Medieval World. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58340-572-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-58340-572-0"><bdi>1-58340-572-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathedrals+and+the+Church&rft.place=North+Mankato%2C+MN&rft.series=Medieval+World&rft.pub=Smart+Apple+Media&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-58340-572-0&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcathedralschurch0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrieger1998" class="citation book cs1">Krieger, Herman (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchesadhoc00herm"><i>Churches ad hoc</i></a></span>. PhotoZone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780966580969" title="Special:BookSources/9780966580969"><bdi>9780966580969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churches+ad+hoc&rft.pub=PhotoZone+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780966580969&rft.aulast=Krieger&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchurchesadhoc00herm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlande-Brandenburg,_Alain" class="mw-redirect" title="Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain">Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain</a>, Qu'est-ce qu'une église ?, Gallimard, Paris, 333 p., 2010.</li> <li>Gendry Mickael, L'église, un héritage de Rome, Essai sur les principes et méthodes de l'architecture chrétienne, Religions et Spiritualité, collection Beaux-Arts architecture religion, édition Harmattan 2009, 267 p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_(building)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Church" class="extiw" title="commons:Church"><span style="font-style:italic; 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(1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ecclesiastical Buildings"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ecclesiastical_Buildings">"Ecclesiastical Buildings" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ecclesiastical+Buildings&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+%28building%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_of_worship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Place_of_worship" title="Template:Place of worship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Place_of_worship" title="Template talk:Place of worship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Place_of_worship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Place of worship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_of_worship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Places of worship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahai_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/15px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/23px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/30px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Baháʼí House of Worship</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Buddhist Monastery or Vihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitya" title="Chaitya">Chaitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/12px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/24px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Church</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aum_Om_black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Aum_Om_black.svg/15px-Aum_Om_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Aum_Om_black.svg/23px-Aum_Om_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Aum_Om_black.svg/30px-Aum_Om_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple or Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_temple" title="Balinese temple">Balinese temple or Pura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jainism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jainism.svg/12px-Jainism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jainism.svg/18px-Jainism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jainism.svg/24px-Jainism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1559" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Jain temple or Derasar or Basadi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Black_Star_of_David.svg/15px-Black_Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Black_Star_of_David.svg/23px-Black_Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Black_Star_of_David.svg/30px-Black_Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue"> Synagogue or Shul</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_of_Islam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Symbol_of_Islam.svg/15px-Symbol_of_Islam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Symbol_of_Islam.svg/23px-Symbol_of_Islam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Symbol_of_Islam.svg/30px-Symbol_of_Islam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dargah">Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongbei_(Islamic_architecture)" title="Gongbei (Islamic architecture)">Gongbei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/15px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/23px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/30px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mandi_(Mandaeism)" title="Mandi (Mandaeism)">Mandi or Mashkhanna or Beth Manda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a> & <a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">modern paganism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagan_religions_symbols.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pagan_religions_symbols.png/20px-Pagan_religions_symbols.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pagan_religions_symbols.png/30px-Pagan_religions_symbols.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pagan_religions_symbols.png/40px-Pagan_religions_symbols.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">Heathen hof or Germanic pagan temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_circle" title="Magic circle">Magic circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shintoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shintoism">Shintoism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torii.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Torii.svg/15px-Torii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Torii.svg/23px-Torii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Torii.svg/30px-Torii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto Shrine or Jinja</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/30px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pakua.svg/15px-Pakua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pakua.svg/23px-Pakua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pakua.svg/30px-Pakua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Taoist_temple" title="Taoist temple">Taoist temple or Dàoguàn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/25px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/38px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/50px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple"> Fire temple or Agiary or Atashkadeh or Atashgah or Dar-e Mehr</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varying religions and beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">Cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_architecture" title="Sacral architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_(antiquity)" title="Asylum (antiquity)">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">Cult image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">Temple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_temple" title="Sun temple">Sun temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Sorted alphabetically except the last one</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16970#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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