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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement_in_Gusiiland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement_in_Gusiiland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Settlement in Gusiiland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement_in_Gusiiland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-colonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-colonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Post-colonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-colonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_other_peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_other_peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relationship with other peoples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_with_other_peoples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationship with other peoples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_other_peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Nilotic_speakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Nilotic_speakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Relationship with Nilotic speakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Nilotic_speakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_East_African_Bantu_speakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_East_African_Bantu_speakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Relationship with East African Bantu speakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_East_African_Bantu_speakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology_of_Bantu_and_relevance_to_Abagusii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_of_Bantu_and_relevance_to_Abagusii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Etymology of Bantu and relevance to Abagusii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_of_Bantu_and_relevance_to_Abagusii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economic_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economic activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economic_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_herding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_herding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Agriculture and herding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_herding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Industrial activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Division_of_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_of_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Division of labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coming-of-age_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coming-of-age_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Coming-of-age rituals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coming-of-age_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Household" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Household"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Household</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Household-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Social organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Abagusii_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Abagusii_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable Abagusii people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Abagusii_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisii_(Volk)" title="Kisii (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kisii (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_kisii" title="Pueblo kisii – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo kisii" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusioj" title="Gusioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gusioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusii_(peuple)" title="Gusii (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gusii (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гусилер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гусилер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakisii" title="Wakisii – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakisii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisiy_(vahoaka_ao_Kenia)" title="Kisiy (vahoaka ao Kenia) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kisiy (vahoaka ao Kenia)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A4%E6%97%8F" title="グシイ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グシイ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisii_(folk)" title="Kisii (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kisii (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusii" title="Gusii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gusii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quisis_(Qu%C3%AAnia)" title="Quisis (Quênia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quisis (Quênia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Гусии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гусии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Киси народ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Киси народ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusiji" title="Gusiji – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gusiji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusii_(folk)" title="Gusii (folk) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gusii (folk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" title="Гусії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гусії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1276025#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kisii_people" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kisii_people" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group of Kenya</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Abagusii people of Kenya popularly known as The Kisii (Gusii/Abagusii). For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kisii_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kisii (disambiguation)">Kisii</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Kissi_people" title="Kissi people">Kissi people</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kisi_people" title="Kisi people">Kisi people</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Abagusii (Aba-goosie)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Abagusii_people.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Abagusii_people.png/220px-Abagusii_people.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Abagusii_people.png/330px-Abagusii_people.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Abagusii_people.png/440px-Abagusii_people.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="371" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Abagusii people singing and dancing while playing a native harp (aka <a href="/wiki/Obokano" title="Obokano">Obokano</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">2,703,235<sup id="cite_ref-Census2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span data-sort-value="Kenya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Ekegusii</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Traditional Religion">Traditional Beliefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Abakuria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Ameru</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kipsigis_people" title="Kipsigis people">Kipsigis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Omwoyo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omwoyo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Omwoyo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omwoyo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguistic-Relationship:<a href="/wiki/Ngurimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngurimi">Ngurimi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_people" title="Zanaki people">Zanaki</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Ikoma_people" title="Ikoma people">Ikoma</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Rangi_people" title="Rangi people">Rangi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_people" title="Mbugwe people">Mbugwe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Tanzania)" title="Suba people (Tanzania)">Simbiti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maragoli_tribe_(Luhya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maragoli tribe (Luhya)">Maragoli</a><sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba people (Kenya)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Gusii (Goosie)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Omogusii</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Abagusii</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Ekegusii</td></tr><tr><th 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Kenya" title="Category:Kenya">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kenya" title="Culture of Kenya">Culture of Kenya</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/225px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/300px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya" title="History of Kenya">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Paleolithic" title="History of Kenya">Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Neolithic" title="History of Kenya">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Iron_Age" title="History of Kenya">African iron age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Swahili_culture_and_trade" title="History of Kenya">Swahili city states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Portuguese_and_Omani_influences" title="History of Kenya">Portuguese and Omani period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#British_rule_(1895–1963)" title="History of Kenya">British Colonial Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Independence" title="History of Kenya">Early post Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Moi_regime_(1978–2002)" title="History of Kenya">Moi Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya#Recent_history_(2002_to_present)" title="History of Kenya">Recent history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Kenya">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><u>Historic peoples</u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koobi_Fora" title="Koobi Fora">Koobi Fora Hominins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorgesailie" title="Olorgesailie">Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburran_industry" title="Eburran industry">Eburran industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmenteitan" title="Elmenteitan">Elmenteitan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirikwa_culture" title="Sirikwa culture">Sirikwa culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urewe" title="Urewe">Urewe culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shungwaya" title="Shungwaya">Shungwaya</a></li></ul> <p><u>Modern ethnicities</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banyala" title="Banyala">Banyala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukusu" title="Bukusu">Bukusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisu_people" title="Gisu people">Gisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idakho" title="Idakho">Idakho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isukha" title="Isukha">Isukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayo" title="Khayo">Khayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisa_tribe" title="Kisa tribe">Kisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marachi" title="Marachi">Marachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragoli" title="Maragoli">Maragoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marama_tribe" title="Marama tribe">Marama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachoni" title="Tachoni">Tachoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiriki" title="Tiriki">Tiriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samia_tribe" title="Samia tribe">Samia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanga">Wanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_people" title="Nandi people">Nandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marakwet_people" title="Marakwet people">Marakwet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipsigis_people" title="Kipsigis people">Kipsigis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgeyo_people" title="Elgeyo people">Elgeyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugen_people" title="Tugen people">Tugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terik_people" title="Terik people">Terik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokot_people" title="Pokot people">Pokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaot_people" title="Sabaot people">Sabaot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunta_people" title="Kunta people">Kunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Kenya" title="Somalis in Kenya">Somali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teso_people" title="Teso people">Teso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samburu_people" title="Samburu people">Samburu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilchamus_people" title="Ilchamus people">Ilchamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_people" title="Turkana people">Turkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_Oromo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Borana Oromo people">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakuye_people" title="Sakuye people">Sakuye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Orma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tana Orma people">Orma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_people" title="Rendille people">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_people" title="Gabra people">Gabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengwer_people" title="Sengwer people">Sengwer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jibana_people" title="Jibana people">Jibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duruma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duruma">Duruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonyi_people" title="Chonyi people">Chonyi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taita_people" title="Taita people">Taita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taveta_people" title="Taveta people">Taveta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiek_people" title="Okiek people">Okiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Kenyan Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">White Kenyans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kenya#Arabs" title="Demographics of Kenya">Kenyan Arabs</a></li></ul> <p><u>Diaspora</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Australians" title="Kenyan Australians">Kenyan Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_migration_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan migration to the United Kingdom">Kenyan Britons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kenya" title="Languages of Kenya">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_language" title="Kikuyu language">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_language" title="Kamba language">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekegusii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekegusii">Ekegusii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim%C3%AE%C3%AEru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimîîru">Kimîîru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Oluluhyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokomo_language" title="Pokomo language">Kipokomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kigiryama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kigiryama">Kigiryama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiembu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiembu">Kiembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajuni">bajuni</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dholuo" title="Dholuo">Dholuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalenjin language">Kalenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_language" title="Maasai language">Maa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_language" title="Turkana language">Turkana</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_language" title="Rendille language">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Mythology</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gikuyu_people#Spirituality_and_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikuyu people">Gikuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people#Culture_and_beliefs" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_mythology" title="Kalenjin mythology">Kalenjin mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit-Mikayi" title="Kit-Mikayi">Kit-Mikayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda_Magere" title="Luanda Magere">Luanda Magere</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kenya">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kenya" title="Public holidays in Kenya">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu#Culture" title="Lamu">Lamu Cultural Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">Labour day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madaraka_Day" title="Madaraka Day">Madaraka Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moi_Day" title="Moi Day">Huduma Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashujaa_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashujaa Day">Mashujaa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamhuri_Day" title="Jamhuri Day">Jamhuri Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusinga_(Cultural)_Festival" title="Rusinga (Cultural) Festival">Rusinga (Cultural) Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kenya" title="Catholic Church in Kenya">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Inland_Mission" title="Africa Inland Mission">African Inland Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Africa#Kenya" title="Quakers in Africa">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Judaism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Art</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_art#East_Africa" title="African art">Traditional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangechi_Mutu" title="Wangechi Mutu">Wangechi Mutu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Kenya">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_literature" title="Swahili literature">Swahili literature</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kenya" title="Music of Kenya">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benga_music" title="Benga music">Benga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip_hop" title="Kenyan hip hop">Kenyan hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_rumba" title="Congolese rumba">Lingala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohangla" title="Ohangla">Ohangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">Soukous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taarab" title="Taarab">Taarab</a></li></ul> <p><u>Performing arts</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Theatre" title="Kenya National Theatre">Kenya National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Institute_of_Puppet_Theatre_(KIPT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)">Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kenya_Schools_and_Colleges_Drama_Festival" title="The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival">The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_Early_for_Birds" title="Too Early for Birds">Too Early for Birds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Kenya">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Kenya">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Media_Group" title="Nation Media Group">Nation Media Group</a></li></ul> <p><u>Government agencies</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Authority_of_Kenya" title="Communications Authority of Kenya">Communications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Film_Commission" title="Kenya Film Commission">Kenya Film Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Film_Classification_Board" title="Kenya Film Classification Board">Kenya Film Classification Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_News_Agency" title="Kenya News Agency">Kenya News Agency</a></li></ul> <p><u>Television</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A24_news_channel" title="A24 news channel">A24 news channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_TV" title="Citizen TV">Citizen TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">Kenya Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Television_Network" title="Kenya Television Network">Kenya Television Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinga_Tinga_Tales" title="Tinga Tinga Tales">Tinga Tinga Tales</a></li></ul> <p><u>Radio</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/98.4_Capital_FM" title="98.4 Capital FM">98.4 Capital FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRI_Nairobi_91.9_FM" title="CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM">CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamoja_FM" title="Pamoja FM">Pamoja FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria" title="Radio Maria">Radio Maria</a></li></ul> <p><u>Newspapers</u> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_African_Executive" title="The African Executive">The African Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Daily_Africa" title="Business Daily Africa">Business Daily Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_EastAfrican" title="The EastAfrican">The EastAfrican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Gazette" title="Kenya Gazette">Kenya Gazette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Times" title="Kenya Times">Kenya Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_(Kenya)" title="The Standard (Kenya)">The Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Kenya)" title="The Star (Kenya)">The Star</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kenya" title="Sport in Kenya">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_Kenya" title="Athletics Kenya">Athletics Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Kenya" title="Football in Kenya">Football in Kenya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_Kenya_Federation" title="Football Kenya Federation">Football Kenya Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Premier_League" title="Kenyan Premier League">Kenyan Premier League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/24px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kenya" title="Portal:Kenya">Kenya portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Kenya" title="Template:Culture of Kenya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Kenya" title="Template talk:Culture of Kenya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Kenya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Kenya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Abagusii</b> (also known as <b>Kisii</b> (<b>Mkisii</b>/<b>Wakisii</b>) in Swahili, or <b>Gusii</b> in Ekegusii) are a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu people">Bantu</a> ethnic group indigenous to <a href="/wiki/Kisii_County" title="Kisii County">Kisii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nyamira_County" title="Nyamira County">Nyamira</a> counties of former <a href="/wiki/Nyanza_Province" title="Nyanza Province">Nyanza</a>, as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Kericho_County" title="Kericho County">Kericho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bomet_County" title="Bomet County">Bomet</a> counties of the former <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_Province" title="Rift Valley Province">Rift Valley</a> province of Kenya. </p><p>The Abagusii traditionally inhabit Kisii and Nyamira counties, as well as sections of <a href="/wiki/Kericho_County" title="Kericho County">Kericho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bomet_County" title="Bomet County">Bomet</a> counties, all of which were within the former <a href="/wiki/Nyanza_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyanza province">Nyanza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rift Valley province">Rift Valley</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. Studies of East African <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> languages<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anthropological evidence suggests that the Abagusii, together with <a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngurimi_people" title="Ngurimi people">Ngurimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_people" title="Rangi people">Rangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_people" title="Mbugwe people">Mbugwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Tanzania)" title="Suba people (Tanzania)">Simbiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_people" title="Zanaki people">Zanaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_people" title="Ikoma people">Ikoma</a>, emerged from East African Neolithic <a href="/wiki/Agropastoralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agropastoralism">agropastoralists</a> and hunters/gatherers<sup id="cite_ref-The_historical_reconstruction_of_So_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_historical_reconstruction_of_So-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ambrose1982_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambrose1982-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ehret2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehret2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believed to have come from the North of <a href="/wiki/Mt._Elgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Elgon">Mt. Elgon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's also believed that there was heavy influence on the Abagusii from <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> speakers <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">migrating</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>; certain groups of the Abagusii may have been assimilated from the <a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suba_language" title="Suba language">Olusuba</a> speaking <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a> people, which originated from west of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Okello_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okello-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Abagusii are closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipsigis_people" title="Kipsigis people">Kipsigis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Abakuria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Ameru</a> of Kenya. </p><p>The Abagusii also have a close linguistic relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Ngurimi_people" title="Ngurimi people">Ngurimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_people" title="Rangi people">Rangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_people" title="Mbugwe people">Mbugwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Tanzania)" title="Suba people (Tanzania)">Simbiti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_people" title="Zanaki people">Zanaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_people" title="Ikoma people">Ikoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maragoli_tribe_(Luhya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maragoli tribe (Luhya)">Maragoli</a> people. They speak the <a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Ekegusii language</a> which is classified with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Bantu_languages" title="Great Lakes Bantu languages">Great Lakes Bantu languages</a>. However, the inclusion of Abagusii in the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> language group is a subject of debate, given that studies on East African <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> languages have found <a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Ekegusii</a>, together with the <a href="/wiki/Kuria_language" title="Kuria language">Kuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suba-Simbiti_language" title="Suba-Simbiti language">Simbiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngoreme_language" title="Ngoreme language">Ngurimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_language" title="Rangi language">Rangi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_language" title="Mbugwe language">Mbugwe</a> languages to be rather distinct from other <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a> in terms of structure and tense.<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Kisii</i> is Swahili and originates from the colonial British administration, who used it in colonial Kenya to refer to the Abagusii people, as it was much easier to pronounce.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term Kisii, however, has no meaning in the Ekegusii language.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Swahili language, the singular form is Mkisii and the plural form is Wakisii; the Swahili name for the Ekegusii language is Kikisii. The term is now popularly used in Kenya to refer to Abagusii people.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the Abagusii, the name Kisii does not refer to the people, but to a town—<a href="/wiki/Kisii,_Kenya" title="Kisii, Kenya">Kisii</a>, also called Bosongo or Getembe<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the locals, is the major native urban centre of the Abagusii people. The name Bosongo is believed to have originated from Abasongo, which means "the whites" or "the place where white people settle(d))", referring to settlers living in the town during the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other name used by the British in reference to Abagusii were Kosova/Kossowa<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is derivative of the <a href="/wiki/Gusii_language" title="Gusii language">Ekegusii</a> expression "Inka Sobo", meaning their home. The endonym is Abagusii (plural), and Omogusii (singular); the language spoken by the people is Ekegusii. The term "Gusii" supposedly comes from Mogusii, the founder of the community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png/220px-A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png/330px-A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png/440px-A_Gusii_woman_in_native_attire.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption>Gusii woman in native attire c. 1905–1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png/220px-A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png/330px-A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png/440px-A_Gusii_woman_in_native_ornaments.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>Gusii woman in native ornaments c. 1905–1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg/220px-Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg/330px-Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg/440px-Three_Kisii_women_walking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="3306" /></a><figcaption>Three Gusii women walking c. 1916–1938.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya" title="History of Kenya">History of Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loikop_people" title="Loikop people">Loikop people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirikwa_culture" title="Sirikwa culture">Sirikwa culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misri_legend" title="Misri legend">Misri legend</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">South Cushitic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on linguistic<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anthropological evidence, the Abagusii originated from the neolithic <a href="/wiki/Agropastoralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agropastoralism">agropastoralist</a> inhabitants of present-day Kenya, particularly from the former <a href="/wiki/Nyanza_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyanza province">Nyanza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rift_Valley_Province" title="Rift Valley Province">Rift Valley</a> provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-The_historical_reconstruction_of_So_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_historical_reconstruction_of_So-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ambrose1982_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambrose1982-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The competing theory by some scholars that the Abagusii migrated from <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> is lacking, as there's no historical evidence the Abagusii settled in Uganda and have been known to only settle on the eastern slopes of the Kenyan side of Mt. Elgon.<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oral tradition of the Abagusii holds that their ancestors migrated from a place called Misiri, north of Mt. Elgon, possibly in present-day <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Misri_Legends_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri_Legends-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ancestors were the founders of the six major Gusii clans: the Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, and Ababasi. This original group later absorbed a group of settlers from west of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>, what is now present day <a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Busoga" title="Busoga">Busoga</a>; these settlers may have been assimilated from the <a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suba_language" title="Suba language">Olusuba</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-Okello_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okello-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement_in_Gusiiland">Settlement in Gusiiland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlement in Gusiiland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Present-day Gusiiland, along with <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> at large, has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. As a result, its settlers have diverse origins. The first settlers were likely hunter/gathers similar to the <a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Okiek_people" title="Okiek people">Ogiek</a>, which were followed by the Nyanza/Rift Cushites who replaced these hunters-gatherers, assimilating them, and settled during the <a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic</a> period (c. 3200–1300 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-Ehret2002_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehret2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_historical_reconstruction_of_So_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_historical_reconstruction_of_So-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next group of settlers were <a href="/wiki/Nilotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilotic">Nilotic</a> pastoralists from present-day <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> that settled in the area circa 500 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Ambrose1982_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ambrose1982-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last group to settle in the area are <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> speakers, whose <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">migration</a> to the area began in 1 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Nilotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilotic">southern Nilotics</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Cushitic">southern Cushitics</a> were assimilated into the Abagusii, whom are likely responsible for the Gusii practice of circumcision and other practices due to cultural diffusion.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png/220px-A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png/330px-A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png/440px-A_Kisii_native_warrior_Otenyo_Nyamaterere_British_East_Africa.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Warrior_Otenyo" title="Warrior Otenyo">Otenyo Nyamaterere</a>, a Gusii warrior, c. 1905–1907.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Abagusii were seen as warlike and fierce fighters by other ethnic groups, along with the Ameru, <a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Abakuria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a>; the Abagetutu specifically were seen as the most martial of all Abagusii Clans.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This perception is evident in excerpts from the East African Protectorate Commissioner Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eliot_(diplomat)" title="Charles Eliot (diplomat)">Charles Eliot</a> in early 1900s expeditions of Gusiiland and surrounding areas: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To the north of the (Uganda) railway the Lake shore rises up into the Nandi country and Uasin Gishu plateau. To the south is a little-known region lying between the Mau range and the Lake, various parts of which bear the name Ugaya, Kossova and Lumbwa. Ugaya is the part nearest to the Lake, thickly inhabited by the Kavirondo and rich in cattle. Kossova or Kisii is a hilly district behind Ugaya, and is one of the least known parts of the Protectorate. The inhabitants appear to be Bantu-speaking, and have a bad reputation for ferocity, but this may merely mean that they have a hereditary feud with their neighbours, who are not Bantu, and does not necessarily imply that they will be hostile to Europeans...</p></blockquote> <p>Their warlike nature was deemed as a threat to British rule, especially the cattle camps the warriors frequented, and the British enacted punitive expeditions that raided cattle and crushed the warriors. This slowly brought an end to the pastoral and war-based lifestyle of most Abagusii.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British introduced new immigrants to <a href="/wiki/Kisii_County" title="Kisii County">Kisii County</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> in the 1930s to work as soldiers, porters and farmers. These were the <a href="/wiki/Ganda_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganda people">Baganda</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Maragoli_tribe_(Luhya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maragoli tribe (Luhya)">Maragoli</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nubians_(Uganda)" title="Nubians (Uganda)">Nubi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Multilingualism_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Multilingualism-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Suba_language" title="Suba language">Olusuba</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba people (Kenya)</a> from <a href="/wiki/Rusinga_Island" title="Rusinga Island">Rusinga Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mfangano_Island" title="Mfangano Island">Mfangano Island</a>, and sections of <a href="/wiki/Homa_Bay_County" title="Homa Bay County">Homa Bay County</a>. The Nubians were settled by the British in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kisii_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisii town">Kisii town</a> and worked as soldiers for the British government, while the Bantu speaking Maragoli, Baganda, and Suba people were settled in Kisii town as porters and labourers on white farms and tea plantations. Some of the new immigrants introduced to Kisii town by the British have been largely assimilated into the Gusii society, but others, particularly the Nubi, never assimilated and still maintain their original settlement in Kisii town.<sup id="cite_ref-Multilingualism_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Multilingualism-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-colonial">Post-colonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-colonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the post-colonial age, the Abagusii have expanded out of their traditional range, settling in the major towns of the <a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo-Nyanza</a> counties, like <a href="/wiki/Homa_Bay_County" title="Homa Bay County">Homa Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Migori_County" title="Migori County">Migori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kisumu_County" title="Kisumu County">Kisumu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siaya_County" title="Siaya County">Siaya</a> as well as other Kenyan towns and cities. There is also a significant <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> population in the United States (particularly <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>), the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_other_peoples">Relationship with other peoples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relationship with other peoples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Nilotic_speakers">Relationship with Nilotic speakers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relationship with Nilotic speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kenya" title="History of Kenya">History of Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirikwa_culture" title="Sirikwa culture">Sirikwa culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loikop_people" title="Loikop people">Loikop people</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">South Cushitic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savanna_Pastoral_Neolithic" title="Savanna Pastoral Neolithic">Savanna Pastoral Neolithic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></div> <p>The relationship between the Abagusii and their neighbouring Nilotic speaking communities (such as <a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nandi_people" title="Nandi people">Nandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipsigis_people" title="Kipsigis people">Kipsigis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a>) is often painted negatively on social media. The colonial perceptions of Nilotics as more hostile and warlike have continued to persist in wider Kenyan discourse as evidenced by works of scholars and researchers such as Ochieng and Ogot among others. These scholars have exploited such colonial stereotypes and largely stereotyped the Nilotic speaking communities in their works. Despite these stereotypes, the Abagusii have often maintained positive relationships with their Nilotic neighbours in the pre- and post-colonial era. Prior to colonization, the Abagusii engaged in barter trade with these communities, especially the <a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo people</a>, and at times, worked together to defeat cattle raiders.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Omwoyo_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omwoyo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The co-existence between the Abagusii and the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Nilotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilotic">Nilotic</a> communities was largely peaceful, despite these communities and Abagusii occasionally clashing in sometimes violent cattle rustles and grazing land conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Omwoyo_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omwoyo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_East_African_Bantu_speakers">Relationship with East African Bantu speakers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Relationship with East African Bantu speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></div> <p>During the pre-colonial period, the Abagusii mostly had contact with their immediate, Nilotic-speaking neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-Omwoyo_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omwoyo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, there was limited contact between the Abagusii and Bantu-speaking communities, as indicated by Ekegusii having features not found in other Bantu languages.<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, not all Bantu-speaking groups were cut off from the Abagusii. The Bantu-speaking groups in contact with the Abagusii in pre-colonial Kenya include the <a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_people" title="Zanaki people">Zanaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_people" title="Ikoma people">Ikoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_people" title="Rangi people">Rangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_people" title="Mbugwe people">Mbugwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngurimi_people" title="Ngurimi people">Ngurimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Tanzania)" title="Suba people (Tanzania)">Simbiti</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a> clans, and the <a href="/wiki/Maragoli_tribe_(Luhya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maragoli tribe (Luhya)">Maragoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Omwoyo_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omwoyo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the post-colonial period, however, contact with other Bantu speaking communities both inside and outside of Kenya has dramatically increased, both from British population relocations and the advent of modern transportation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Etymology_of_Bantu_and_relevance_to_Abagusii">Etymology of Bantu and relevance to Abagusii</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Etymology of Bantu and relevance to Abagusii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern usage of the term "Bantu" was only developed in the 19th century with the advent of European colonization; prior to colonization, no such division existed in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Bleek_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bleek-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenberg_Niger-Congo_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenberg_Niger-Congo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This categorization of Africa's people into distinct, internally homogeneous groups is seen as generalizing at best, and inaccurate at worst.<sup id="cite_ref-Bleek_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bleek-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the context of the Abagusii together with <a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanaki_people" title="Zanaki people">Zanaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikoma_people" title="Ikoma people">Ikoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangi_people" title="Rangi people">Rangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbugwe_people" title="Mbugwe people">Mbugwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ngurimi_people" title="Ngurimi people">Ngurimi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Tanzania)" title="Suba people (Tanzania)">Simbiti</a>, some linguistic and cultural evidence indicate that they may be more influenced by Nilotic and Cushitic communities than other Bantu groups.<sup id="cite_ref-grammaticalisation_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grammaticalisation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_activities">Economic activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_herding">Agriculture and herding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Agriculture and herding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the pre-colonial era, the Abagusii cultivated finger millet, sorgum, barley, pumpkin, and other native crops; ox-drawn plows and iron hoes were used for cultivating crops. However, the Abagusii were mainly pastoralists and hunter-gatherers who primarily relied on their cattle, goats, sheep, and to a lesser extent, poultry for food.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, Europeans introduced tea, coffee, bananas/plantains, and most importantly, maize. By the 1920s, maize quickly replaced finger millet and sorghum as a staple and cash crop. By the 1930s, tea and coffee had become major cash crops.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the Abagusii still continue to keep livestock and poultry alongside farming, along with old agricultural practices; some crops they cultivate today include: cassava, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas, beans, onions, tropical fruits, and peas among others. Farming remains a dominant activity in Gusiiland due to high population density. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gusii women grinding millet while other natives watch c. 1916–1938"><img alt="Gusii women grinding millet while other natives watch c. 1916–1938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_%281%29.jpg/200px-Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_%281%29.jpg/300px-Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_%281%29.jpg/400px-Kisii_woman_grinding_grain_while_other_natives_look_on_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3292" data-file-height="3164" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gusii women grinding millet while other natives watch c. 1916–1938</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gusii women thrashing corn with children watching c. 1916–1938."><img alt="Gusii women thrashing corn with children watching c. 1916–1938." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg/200px-Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg/300px-Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg/400px-Kisii_women_thrashing_corn_with_children_surrounding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3284" data-file-height="3156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gusii women thrashing corn with children watching c. 1916–1938.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gusii women grinding millet c. 1916–1938"><img alt="Gusii women grinding millet c. 1916–1938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg/195px-Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg/293px-Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg/391px-Kisii_women_grinding_grain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3245" data-file-height="3322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gusii women grinding millet c. 1916–1938</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_activities">Industrial activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Industrial activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the pre-colonial period, Abagusii produced iron tools, weapons, decorations, wooden implements, pottery, and baskets.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abagusii also imported pottery from the neighbouring Luo community.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blacksmiths and other occupations that worked with iron and iron ore were highly respected and influential members of Abagusii society, despite not forming a distinct societal caste; smithing was largely carried out by men.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary form of trade carried out in pre-colonial times was barter, and mostly took place within homesteads, as well as with neighbouring communities, especially the Luo; tools, weapons, crafts, livestock, and agricultural products were commonly exchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cattle were an important form of currency, and goats served a lower valued currency.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barter trade between the Abagusii and the Luo took place at border markets and Abagusii farms, and was mainly carried out by women. </p><p>In the modern age, the Abagusii have established shopping centers, shops, and markets, further connecting them to the rest of Kenya, as opposed to their comparatively isolated pre-colonial economies.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division_of_labor">Division of labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Division of labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, Abagusii society divided labor between men and women. Women were expected to cook, brew, clean, cultivate and process crops, and fetch water and firewood; men were expected to herd, build houses and fences, clear crop fields, among other duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Contradiction_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Contradiction-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men were less involved in crop cultivation compared to women. Herding was primarily carried out by boys and unmarried men, and girls and unmarried women helped with crop cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Contradiction_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Contradiction-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This division of labor has broken down over time, and women have gradually taken over many of the men's traditional duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg/220px-Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg/330px-Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg/440px-Kisii_woman_with_baby_and_a_load_of_wood_on_her_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3201" data-file-height="3212" /></a><figcaption>Gusii woman with a baby and a load of firewood c. 1916–1938</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg/220px-Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg/330px-Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg/440px-Kisii_native_sitting_in_front_of_hut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3332" data-file-height="3160" /></a><figcaption>Gusii woman sitting in front of a hut c. 1916–1938</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coming-of-age_rituals">Coming-of-age rituals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Coming-of-age rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the Abagusii, circumcising boys without anesthesia around 10 is an important rite of passage.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the Abagusii did not marry into tribes that did not practice circumcision, though this practice has declined in recent generations.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Bridewealth-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ritual typically takes place every year in the months of November and December, followed by a period of seclusion where boys are led in different activities by older boys. During this period, only older circumcised boys are allowed to visit the initiates. It is considered taboo for anyone else to visit during this time. In this period of isolation, the male initiates are taught their roles as young men in the community, and the code of conduct of a circumcised man. Initiated boys were also taught the rules of shame ("c<i>hinsoni</i>") and respect ("o<i>gosika</i>").<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Bridewealth-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a time of celebration for families and the community at large. Family, friends, and neighbours are invited days in advance by the candidates to join the family in celebration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Abagusii traditionally play a large bass <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Obokano" title="Obokano">obokano</a>,</i> alongside drums and flutes. Some of the notable musicians from the Abagusii community include: Mwalimu Arisi O'sababu, Christopher Monyoncho, Sungusia, Sagero, Riakimai '91 Jazz, Bonyakoni Kirwanda junior band, Mr Ong'eng'o, Grandmaster Masese, Deepac Braxx (The Heavyweight Mc), Nyashinski, Rajiv Okemwa Raj, Ringtone, Jiggy, Mr. Bloom, Virusi, Babu Gee,Vickyoung Ensanako, Brax Rnb, Sabby Okengo, Machoge One Jazz,Dela among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Abagusii are also known for their world-famous <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a> sculptures, called "<i>chigware</i>", which are mostly concentrated in the southern parts of Kisii County, around Tabaka town.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the introduction of Christianity and Islam to Africa, the Abagusii were monotheistic, believing in a supreme God called "<i>Engoro</i>"; this God is also popularly called "<i>Nyasae</i>", a loanword from the <a href="/wiki/Dholuo_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholuo dialect">Dholuo</a> language, among Abagusii. The Abagusii believe that Engoro created the Universe, and was the source of all life. The sun ("<i>Risase</i>") and stars are both important in the Abagusii religion. Death, disease, and destruction of crops and livestock were considered unnatural events brought on by evil spirits, bad luck, witchcraft, or the displeasure of ancestor spirits.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abagusii also revered medicine men and practiced <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">ancestor worship</a>, calling the ancestor spirits "<i>Ebirecha</i>." </p><p>Today, most Abagusii practice Christianity, with the four major denominations being <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Swedish Lutheranism</a>, and Pentecostal <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>. A minority of Abagusii still adhere to their traditional religion, and others observe a syncretic form of their traditional religion and Christianity. Many still go to visit a diviner ("<i>omoragori</i>") who can point out displeased spirits of the dead and prescribe solutions for placating them.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Christian Gusii man accompanied with other Gusii tribesmen c. 1916–1938"><img alt="A Christian Gusii man accompanied with other Gusii tribesmen c. 1916–1938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg/192px-Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg/287px-Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg/383px-Christian_native_flanked_by_Kisii_tribesmen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="3189" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Christian Gusii man accompanied with other Gusii tribesmen c. 1916–1938</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gusii native students at the Adventist school c. 1916–1938"><img alt="Gusii native students at the Adventist school c. 1916–1938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg/198px-Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg/297px-Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg/396px-Kisii_native_students_at_the_Adventist_school.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3144" data-file-height="3178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gusii native students at the Adventist school c. 1916–1938</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, marriage was arranged by the parents, who used intermediaries called "<i>chisigani</i>"; these intermediaries acted as referees for the future bride and groom. After the parents negotiated the dowry, the wedding would be organized. The wedding ceremony involved a mentor, called an "<i>omoimari</i>", who could provide continuing support to the newly married couple. Marriage between members of the same clan was traditionally forbidden. Marriage was officially established through the payment of dowry in the form of cattle to the wife's family.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Bridewealth-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, the man and woman are officially considered husband and wife. Divorce is customarily not allowed among Abagusii, as marriage is considered a permanent union that is only disrupted by death.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Bridewealth-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, civil and Christian marriages are recognized among the Abagusii. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Household">Household</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Household"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The typical Gusii family unit is composed of a man, his wives, and their children, living on the same land. This was divided into two components: the homestead ("<i>Omochie</i>") and the cattle camps ("<i>Ebisarate</i>").<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Detachable-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The married man, his wives, and their unmarried daughters and uncircumcised boys lived in the <i>omochie</i>. The <i>ebisarate</i>, situated in the grazing fields, was protected by the male warriors to defend againt theft by cattle rustlers and raiders.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Detachable-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical Gusii house has conical grass thatched roofs, and is typically round, though sometimes rectangular, in shape. Today, Gusii houses are still similar, though corrugated iron sheets and stone is sometimes used for the roofs and walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Detachable-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional Gusii compound had elevated <a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">granaries</a> for storing crops, such as millet and other crops. The Abagusii customarily built fortified walls and dug trenches around their homesteads and villages to protect against cattle rustling and raids by neighbouring communities. However, in 1913, the cattle camps were abolished by the British, forcing Abagusii to live in dispersed homesteads.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Detachable-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original diet of Abagusii prior to colonization consisted of meat, milk, and blood from livestock, cereals from <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, as well as fruits, vegetables, birds, <a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">edible insects</a> ("<i>chintuga</i>"), and wild meat obtained through hunting and gathering. The post-colonial diet of Abagusii and other African tribes has been transformed and influenced by interactions with the European colonists that introduced new crops and farming methods to Gusiiland and Africa. </p><p>The staple meal is <i>obokima</i>, which is a dish of millet flour or sorghum flour cooked with water to a hardened dough-like consistency. It is often served with <i>rinagu, chinsaga, rikuneni, enderema, emboga, omotere, risosa, egesare,</i> among other local green leaves consumed as vegetables. It's served with milk, particularly sour milk from livestock;<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it can also be served with any other stew. The Ekegusii word for "having a meal" <i>('ragera')</i> usually connotes a meal involving <i>obokima</i> at the centre. By 1920s, maize was introduced to Gusiiland and had overtaken finger millet and sorghum as staple crops and cash crops.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, maize is now largely used to prepare <i>obokima</i>. <i>Ritoke</i> (plural: "<i>amatoke</i>"), a dish of cooked and flavoured bananas, is a popular snack, but is considered a supplemental food, and not a proper meal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_organization">Social organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Social organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg/220px-Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg/330px-Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg/440px-Five_Kisii_tribesmen_with_shields_and_spears.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="3156" /></a><figcaption>Gusii spearmen with shields and spears, c. 1916–1938</figcaption></figure> <p>The social organization of Abagusii is clan-based and decentralized in nature. The Abagusii society is less based on social/caste stratifications than other societies, and there was little hierarchical strata based on caste or social status.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, certain professions like iron smiths ("<i>oboturi</i>") and warriors ("<i>oborwani</i>"/"<i>chinkororo</i>") were generally respected, but did not form a distinct caste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_organization">Political organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Political organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kisii_native_parliament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kisii_native_parliament.jpg/220px-Kisii_native_parliament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kisii_native_parliament.jpg/330px-Kisii_native_parliament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kisii_native_parliament.jpg/440px-Kisii_native_parliament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="3196" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Gusii leaders c. 1916–1938.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Abagusii had a decentralized and clan-based form of government. Each clan had their own independent government and leader; the clan leader (<i>"omorwoti/omogambi</i>") was the highest leadership rank for all clans and was equivalent to a king/chief role.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is common for the Abagusii men refer to their peers within the community as "<i>erwoti</i>" or "<i>omogambi</i>" when talking. There were also lower leadership ranks unique to individual clans. Warriors held an important role as the defenders of the community and their shared wealth in the form of cows.<sup id="cite_ref-Hakansson_Gusii_9-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hakansson_Gusii-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Abagusii_people">Notable Abagusii people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable Abagusii people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Anyona" title="George Anyona">George Anyona</a>, Member of Parliament for Kitutu East/Masaba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kenani_Maraga" class="mw-redirect" title="David Kenani Maraga">David Kenani Maraga</a>, former president of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya" title="Supreme Court of Kenya">Supreme Court of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Matiang%27i" title="Fred Matiang'i">Fred Matiang'i</a>, former Cabinet Secretary for the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Security</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Nyachae" title="Simeon Nyachae">Simeon Nyachae</a>, former Cabinet Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nyagarama" class="mw-redirect" title="John Nyagarama">John Nyagarama</a>, former governor of Nyamira County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ongeri" title="Sam Ongeri">Sam Ongeri</a>, former Senator for Kisii County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ongwae" title="James Ongwae">James Ongwae</a>, former governor of Kisii County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Onyonka" title="Zachary Onyonka">Zachary Onyonka</a>, Minister of Education, then of Foreign Affairs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em 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The Niger-Congo Family". <i>Southwestern Journal of Anthropology</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 79–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fsoutjanth.5.2.3628626">10.1086/soutjanth.5.2.3628626</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149333938">149333938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Journal+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Studies+in+African+Linguistic+Classification%3A+I.+The+Niger-Congo+Family&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=79-100&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fsoutjanth.5.2.3628626&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149333938%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKisii+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hakansson_Grain-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Grain_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakansson" class="citation journal cs1">Hakansson, Thomas. "Grain, Cattle, and Power: The Social Processes of Intensive Cultivation and Exchange in Precolonial Western Kenya". <i>Journal of Anthropological Research</i> (50): 249–276.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropological+Research&rft.atitle=Grain%2C+Cattle%2C+and+Power%3A+The+Social+Processes+of+Intensive+Cultivation+and+Exchange+in+Precolonial+Western+Kenya&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=249-276&rft.aulast=Hakansson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKisii+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hakansson_Contradiction-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Contradiction_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Contradiction_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakanssonLeVine1995" class="citation book cs1">Hakansson, N. Thomas; LeVine, Robert (1995). "Contradiction and Change: Gender and Divergent Life-Course Strategies among the Gusii". In Weisner, Thomas; Bradley, Candice; Kilbride, Philip (eds.). <i>In African Families and the Crisis of Social Change</i>. New York: Greenwood Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Contradiction+and+Change%3A+Gender+and+Divergent+Life-Course+Strategies+among+the+Gusii&rft.btitle=In+African+Families+and+the+Crisis+of+Social+Change&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Hakansson&rft.aufirst=N.+Thomas&rft.au=LeVine%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKisii+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hakansson_Bridewealth-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Bridewealth_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakansson1988" class="citation journal cs1">Hakansson, Thomas (1988). "Bridewealth, Women, and Land: Social Change among the Gusii of Kenya". <i>Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology</i> (9). Stockholm: Almkvist & Wiksell International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uppsala+Studies+in+Cultural+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Bridewealth%2C+Women%2C+and+Land%3A+Social+Change+among+the+Gusii+of+Kenya&rft.issue=9&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Hakansson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKisii+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeVine1982" class="citation journal cs1">LeVine, Robert A. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Feth.1982.10.1.02a00030">"Gusii Funerals: Meanings of Life and Death in an African Community"</a>. <i>Ethos</i>. <b>10</b> (10): 26–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Feth.1982.10.1.02a00030">10.1525/eth.1982.10.1.02a00030</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethos&rft.atitle=Gusii+Funerals%3A+Meanings+of+Life+and+Death+in+an+African+Community&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=26-65&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Feth.1982.10.1.02a00030&rft.aulast=LeVine&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Feth.1982.10.1.02a00030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKisii+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hakansson_Detachable-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hakansson_Detachable_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakansson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Hakansson, Thomas (1994). "Detachable Women: Gender and Kinship in Process of Socioeconomic Change among the Gusii of Kenya". <i>American Ethnologist</i> (21): 516–538. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fae.1994.21.3.02a00040">10.1525/ae.1994.21.3.02a00040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=Detachable+Women%3A+Gender+and+Kinship+in+Process+of+Socioeconomic+Change+among+the+Gusii+of+Kenya&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=516-538&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fae.1994.21.3.02a00040&rft.aulast=Hakansson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKisii+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Greenberg, J. (October 1963). "[Review] Contributions to the History of Bantu Linguistics: Papers Contributed 1935–1960". C. M. Doke, D. T. Cole. <i>American Anthropologist</i> (New Series), <b>65</b>(5):1193–1194. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/668635">668635</a>.</li> <li>LeVine, Robert A., Sarah LeVine, P. Herbert Leiberman, T. Betty Brazelton, Suzanne Dixon, Amy Richman, and Constance H. Keefer (1994). <i>Child Care and Culture: Lessons from Africa</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>LeVine, Robert A. (December 1959). "Gusii Sex Offenses: A Study in Social Control". <i>American Anthropologist</i> <b>61</b>(6):965–990. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/666776">666776</a>.</li> <li>LeVine, Robert A., and Barbara B. LeVine (1966). <i>Nyansongo: A Gusii Community in Kenya</i>. Six Cultures Series vol. 2. New York: John Wiley & Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1441981865">1441981865</a>.</li> <li>LeVine, Sarah (1979). <i>Mothers and Wives: Gusii Women of East Africa</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>LeVine, Sarah, and Robert A. LeVine (forthcoming). <i>Stability and Stress: The Psychosocial History of an African Community</i>.</li> <li>Mayer, Philip (1950). "Gusii Bridewealth Law and Custom". <i>The Rhodes-Livingstone Papers</i>, no. 18. London: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Mayer, Philip (1949). "The Lineage Principle in Gusii Society". <i>International African Institute Memorandum</i> no. 24. London: Oxford University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisii_people&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gusii.com">The Gusii blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060617152317/http://www.cam.ac.uk/societies/kenyap/gusii.html">The Gusii</a> at the Cambridge University Kenya Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510231620/http://www.ekegusii.org/">Kisii-English English-Kisii Language Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guz.kasahorow.org/app/d">Gusii language dictionary</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Bajuni_people" title="Bajuni people">Bajuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonyi_people" title="Chonyi people">Chonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digo_people" title="Digo people">Digo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embu_people" title="Embu people">Embu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giriama_people" title="Giriama people">Giriama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibana_people" title="Jibana people">Jibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Kamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikuyu_people" title="Kikuyu people">Kikuyu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuria_people" title="Kuria people">Kuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_people" title="Luhya people">Luhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbeere_people" title="Mbeere people">Mbeere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meru_people" title="Meru people">Meru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijikenda_peoples" title="Mijikenda peoples">Mijikenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokomo_people" title="Pokomo people">Pokomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba_people_(Kenya)" title="Suba people (Kenya)">Suba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taita_people" title="Taita people">Taita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taveta_people" title="Taveta people">Taveta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariaal_people" title="Ariaal people">Ariaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateker_peoples" title="Ateker peoples">Ateker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camus_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Camus people">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samburu_people" title="Samburu people">Samburu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kore_people" title="Kore people">Kore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_people" title="Luo people">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_people" title="Maasai people">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiek_people" title="Okiek people">Okiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teso_people" title="Teso people">Teso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_people" title="Turkana people">Turkana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aweer_people" title="Aweer people">Aweer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_Oromo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Borana Oromo people">Borana Oromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daasanach_people" title="Daasanach people">Daasanach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Molo_people" title="El Molo people">El Molo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabra_people" title="Gabra people">Gabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Orma people">Orma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendille_people" title="Rendille people">Rendille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalis_in_Kenya" title="Somalis in Kenya">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waata" title="Waata">Waata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaaku_people" title="Yaaku people">Yaaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Kenya" title="Chinese people in Kenya">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Indian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Kenya" title="White people in Kenya">European</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knbs.or.ke/censusethnic.php">Population and Housing Census - Ethnic Affiliation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276025#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276025#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276025#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85057986">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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