CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Coaching - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"93c606ef-6129-4954-87be-509e72ffa365","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Coaching","wgTitle":"Coaching","wgCurRevisionId":1258772782,"wgRevisionId":1258772782,"wgArticleId":143215,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from September 2019","All articles needing additional references","Use dmy dates from December 2013","Articles containing Hungarian-language text","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from July 2020","Coaching"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Coaching","wgRelevantArticleId":143215, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1104185","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Coaching - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Coaching rootpage-Coaching skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Coaching" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Coaching" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Coaching" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Coaching" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_(ADHD)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_(ADHD)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_(ADHD)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_and_executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_and_executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Business and executive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_and_executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Christian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Co-coaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Co-coaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Co-coaching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Co-coaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Dating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Financial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_wellness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_wellness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Health and wellness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_wellness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Homework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>In education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Relationship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Esports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>Vocal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>Writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics_and_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics_and_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ethics and standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics_and_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coaching</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrigter_(mentor)" title="Afrigter (mentor) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afrigter (mentor)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A)" title="التدريب (الإرشادي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التدريب (الإرشادي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kou%C3%A7inq" title="Kouçinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kouçinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="কোচিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোচিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Коучинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коучинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrenament_personal" title="Entrenament personal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Entrenament personal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kou%C4%8Dov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Koučování – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koučování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arengutreening" title="Arengutreening – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arengutreening" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Συμβουλευτική διαβίωσης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συμβουλευτική διαβίωσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntrejnado" title="Kuntrejnado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kuntrejnado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مربیگری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مربیگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%B9%AD" title="코칭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코칭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="कोचिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोचिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%C3%BEj%C3%A1lfun" title="Markþjálfun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Markþjálfun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="אימון אישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אימון אישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugdomasis_vadovavimas" title="Ugdomasis vadovavimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ugdomasis vadovavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Коучинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коучинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="コーチング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーチング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Коучинг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коучинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kou%C4%8Dovanie_(ekonomika)" title="Koučovanie (ekonomika) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koučovanie (ekonomika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov%C4%8Ding" title="Kovčing – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kovčing" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ڕاھێنەری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاھێنەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Коучинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коучинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachning" title="Coachning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coachning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="కోచింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కోచింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7luk" title="Koçluk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koçluk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Коучинг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коучинг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Coaching" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%B7%B4%E5%AD%B8" title="教練學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="教練學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1104185#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coaching" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Coaching" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coaching"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coaching"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Coaching" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Coaching" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&oldid=1258772782" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Coaching&id=1258772782&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoaching"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoaching"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Coaching&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coaching" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1104185" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method of development</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For theories of coaching, see <a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching psychology</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Coach_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Coach (disambiguation)">Coach (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coaching" title="Special:EditPage/Coaching">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coaching%22">"Coaching"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coaching%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coaching%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coaching%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coaching%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coaching%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Coaching</b> is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a <i>coach</i>, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-Passmore_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The learner is sometimes called a <i>coachee</i>. Occasionally, <i>coaching</i> may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from <a href="/wiki/Mentorship" title="Mentorship">mentoring</a> by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.<sup id="cite_ref-Passmore_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Renton_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "coaching" originated in the 16th century and initially referred to a method of transportation, specifically a horse-drawn carriage. It derived from the Hungarian word <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">kocsi</i></span> which meant a carriage from the village of <a href="/wiki/Kocs" title="Kocs">Kocs</a>, known for producing high-quality carriages. Over time, the term "coaching" transitioned from its literal transportation context to metaphorically represent the process of guiding and supporting individuals in their personal and professional development. </p><p>The first use of the term "coach" in connection with an instructor or trainer arose around 1830 in <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> slang for a tutor who "carried" a student through an exam.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "coaching" thus identified a process used to transport people from where they are to where they want to be. The first use of the term in relation to <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a> came in 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mathematical coaches at Cambridge University became famous for preparing <a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(University_of_Cambridge)" title="Wrangler (University of Cambridge)">wranglers</a> competing in the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a> (1780 to 1909).<sup id="cite_ref-Warwick_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contest over several days tested for well-scripted solutions to <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_problem" title="Mathematical problem">mathematical problems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Warwick_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warwick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of coaching has been influenced by many fields of activity, including <a href="/wiki/Adult_education" title="Adult education">adult education</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Human_Potential_Movement" title="Human Potential Movement">Human Potential Movement</a> in the 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Large-group_awareness_training" title="Large-group awareness training">large-group awareness training</a> (LGAT) groups<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (such as <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Seminars_Training" title="Erhard Seminars Training">Erhard Seminars Training</a>, founded in 1971), <a href="/wiki/Leadership_studies" title="Leadership studies">leadership studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_development" title="Personal development">personal development</a>, and various subfields of <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CompleteHandbook_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CompleteHandbook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (July 2020)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> offered the world's first <a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology" title="Coaching psychology">coaching psychology</a> unit of study in January 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and various <a href="/wiki/Academic_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic association">academic associations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journals</a> for coaching psychology were established in subsequent years (see <a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology#History" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching psychology § History</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coaching is applied in fields such as sports, performing arts (singers get <a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">vocal coaches</a>), acting (<a href="/wiki/Drama_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama coach">drama coaches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dialect_coach" title="Dialect coach">dialect coaches</a>), business, education, health care, and relationships (for example, <a href="/wiki/Dating_coach" title="Dating coach">dating coaches</a>). </p><p>Coaches use a range of communication skills (such as targeted restatements, listening, questioning, clarifying, etc.) to help clients shift their perspectives and thereby discover different approaches to achieve their goals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These skills can be used in almost all types of coaching. In this sense, coaching is a form of "meta-profession" that can apply to supporting clients in any human endeavor, ranging from their concerns in health, personal, professional, sport, social, family, political, spiritual dimensions, etc. There may be some overlap between certain types of coaching activities.<sup id="cite_ref-CompleteHandbook_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CompleteHandbook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coaching approaches are also influenced by cultural differences.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_(ADHD)"><span id="Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_.28ADHD.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="ADHD_coaching"></span> Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management</a></div> <p>The concept of <a href="/wiki/Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder">ADHD</a> coaching was introduced in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrists</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Hallowell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Hallowell">Edward M. Hallowell</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_J._Ratey" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. Ratey">John J. Ratey</a> in their book <i><a href="/wiki/Driven_to_Distraction_(ADHD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Driven to Distraction (ADHD)">Driven to Distraction</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ADHD coaching is a specialized type of <a href="#Life">life coaching</a> that uses techniques designed to assist individuals with <a href="/wiki/Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> by mitigating the effects of <a href="/wiki/Executive_dysfunction" title="Executive dysfunction">executive function deficit</a>, which is a common impairment for people with ADHD.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coaches work with clients to help them better <a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">manage time</a>, organize, set goals, and complete projects.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to assisting clients understand the impact of ADHD on their lives, coaches can help them develop "<a href="/wiki/Coping_skill" class="mw-redirect" title="Coping skill">workaround</a>" strategies to deal with specific challenges, and determine and use individual strengths. Coaches also help clients get a better grasp of what reasonable expectations are for them as individuals since people with ADHD "brain wiring" often seem to need external "mirrors" for self-awareness about their potential despite their impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_and_executive">Business and executive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Business and executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Business coaching is a type of <a href="/wiki/Human_resource_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Human resource development">human resource development</a> for executives, members of management, teams, and leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides positive support, feedback, and advice on an individual or group basis to improve personal effectiveness in the business setting, many a time focusing on behavioral changes through <a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">psychometrics</a> or <a href="/wiki/360-degree_feedback" title="360-degree feedback">360-degree feedback</a> for example. Business coaching is also called executive coaching,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corporate coaching or leadership coaching. Coaches help their clients advance towards specific professional goals. These include career transition, interpersonal and professional communication, <a href="/wiki/Performance_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance management">performance management</a>, organizational effectiveness, managing career, and personal changes, developing executive presence, building credibility, enhancing strategic thinking, dealing effectively with conflict, facing work challenges and making swift and sound decisions, leading a change and building an effective team within an organization. An <a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">industrial-organizational psychologist</a> may work as an executive coach. </p><p>Business coaching is not restricted to external experts or providers. Many organizations expect their senior leaders and middle managers to coach their team members to reach higher levels of performance, increased job satisfaction, personal growth, and career development. Research studies suggest that executive coaching has positive effects both within workplace performance as well as personal areas outside the workplace, with some differences in the impact of internal and external coaches.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some countries, there is no licensing required to be a business or executive coach, and membership of a coaching organization is optional. Further, standards and methods of training coaches can vary widely between coaching organizations. Many business coaches refer to themselves as <a href="/wiki/Consultant" title="Consultant">consultants</a>, a broader business relationship than one which exclusively involves coaching.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research findings from a systematic review indicate that effective coaches are known for having integrity, support for those they coach, communication skills, and credibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackman_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the workplace, leadership coaching has been shown to be effective for increasing employee confidence in expressing their own ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research findings in a systematic review demonstrate that coaching can help reduce stress in the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Career_counseling" title="Career counseling">Career counseling</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Career" title="Career">Career</a> coaching focuses on work and career and is similar to <a href="/wiki/Career_counseling" title="Career counseling">career counseling</a>. Career coaching is not to be confused with <a href="#Life">life coaching</a>, which concentrates on personal development. Another common term for a career coach is "<a href="/wiki/Career_guide" title="Career guide">career guide</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian">Christian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Christian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_counseling" title="Christian counseling">Christian counseling</a></div> <p>A Christian coach is not a pastor or counselor (although the coach may also be qualified in those disciplines), but someone who has been professionally trained to address specific coaching goals from a distinctively Christian or biblical perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-coaching">Co-coaching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Co-coaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Co-coaching" title="Co-coaching">Co-coaching</a></div> <p>Co-coaching is a structured practice of coaching between peers with the goal of learning improved coaching techniques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dating">Dating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dating_coach" title="Dating coach">Dating coach</a></div> <p>Dating coaches offer coaching and related products and services to improve their clients' success in dating and relationships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial">Financial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Financial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">Financial planner</a></div> <p>Financial coaching is a relatively new form of coaching that focuses on helping clients overcome their struggle to attain specific financial goals and aspirations they have set for themselves. Financial coaching is a one-on-one relationship in which the coach works to provide encouragement and support aimed at facilitating attainment of the client's economic plans. A <i>financial coach</i>, also called <i>money coach</i>, typically focuses on helping clients to restructure and reduce debt, reduce spending, develop saving habits, and develop fiscal discipline. In contrast, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">financial adviser</a></i> refers to a broader range of professionals who typically provide clients with financial products and services. Although early research links financial coaching to improvements in client outcomes, much more rigorous analysis is necessary before any causal linkages can be established.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_and_wellness">Health and wellness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Health and wellness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_coaching" title="Health coaching">Health coaching</a></div> <p>Health coaching is becoming recognized as a new way to help individuals "manage" their illnesses and conditions, especially those of a chronic nature.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coach will use special techniques, personal experience, expertise and encouragement to assist the coachee in bringing his/her behavioral changes about while aiming for lowered health risks and decreased healthcare costs.<sup id="cite_ref-NSHC_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSHC-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Society of Health Coaches (NSHC) has differentiated the term <i>health coach</i> from <i>wellness coach</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NSHC_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSHC-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the NSHC, health coaches are qualified "to guide those with acute or chronic conditions and/or moderate to high health risk", and wellness coaches provide guidance and inspiration "to otherwise 'healthy' individuals who desire to maintain or improve their overall general health status".<sup id="cite_ref-NSHC_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSHC-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homework">Homework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Homework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Homework_coach" title="Homework coach">Homework coach</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Homework" title="Homework">Homework</a> coaching focuses on equipping a student with the study skills required to succeed academically. This approach is different from regular tutoring which typically seeks to improve a student's performance in a specific subject.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_education">In education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology#In_education" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching psychology § In education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tutor#Academic_coaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutor">Tutor § Academic coaching</a></div> <p>Coaching is applied to support students, faculty, and administrators in educational organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-Nieuwerburgh_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nieuwerburgh-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For students, opportunities for coaching include collaborating with fellow students to improve grades and skills, both academic and social; for teachers and administrators, coaching can help with transitions into new roles.<sup id="cite_ref-Nieuwerburgh_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nieuwerburgh-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life">Life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Life coaching</b> is the process of helping people identify and achieve personal goals through developing skills and attitudes that lead to self-empowerment.<sup id="cite_ref-CompleteHandbook_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CompleteHandbook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Life coaching generally deals with issues such as procrastination, fear of failure, relationships' issues, lack of confidence, work–life balance and career changes, and often occurs outside the workplace setting.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Systematic academic psychological engagement with life coaching dates from the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skeptics have criticized life coaching's focus on self-improvement for its potential for commercializing friendships and other human relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The business practices of the life coach industry have also stirred controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike a <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotherapist">psychotherapist</a>, there is no required training, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_licensing" title="Occupational licensing">occupational licensing</a>, or regulatory oversight for life coaching.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anyone can claim to be a life coach, and anyone can start a business selling "certificates" to would-be life coaches.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most life coaches in the US find that there is relatively low demand for the services they offer, and it ends up being a part-time <a href="/wiki/Side_job" title="Side job">side hustle</a> rather than a full career.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many pay for expensive classes in the hope that it will make them more marketable, leading critics to suggest that the most profitable area of the field is in training the would-be life coaches, rather than being a life coach.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship">Relationship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Relationship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Relationship_counseling" class="mw-redirect" title="Relationship counseling">Relationship counseling</a></div> <p>Relationship coaching is the application of coaching to personal and <a href="/wiki/Business_relationship_management" title="Business relationship management">business relationships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-YossiIves2015_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YossiIves2015-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Coach_(sport)" title="Coach (sport)">Coach (sport)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology#Coaching" title="Sport psychology">Sport psychology § Coaching</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a>, a coach is an individual that provides supervision and training to the sports team or individual players. Sports coaches are involved in administration, athletic training, competition coaching, and representation of the team and the players. A survey in 2019 of the literature on sports coaching found an increase in the number of publications and most articles featured a quantitative research approach.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sports_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports psychology">Sports psychology</a> emerged from the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esports">Esports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Esports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a>, coaches are often responsible for planning game strategies and assisting in player development. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends_World_Championship" title="League of Legends World Championship">League of Legends World Championship</a>, the head coach is responsible for advising players during the pick–ban phase of the game via voice-chat and during the intermission between matches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocal">Vocal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vocal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></div> <p>A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a <a href="/wiki/Music_teacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Music teacher">music teacher</a>, usually a piano accompanist, who helps <a href="/wiki/Singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Singer">singers</a> prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singing</a> technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a <a href="/wiki/Voice_teacher" title="Voice teacher">singing teacher</a> (also called a "voice teacher"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or <a href="/wiki/Masterclass" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterclass">masterclasses</a> to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A writing coach helps writers—such as students,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> journalists,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other professionals<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—improve their writing and productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics_and_standards">Ethics and standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ethics and standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Licensure" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensure">Licensure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_certification" title="Professional certification">Professional certification</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Professional_ethics" title="Professional ethics">Professional ethics</a></div> <p>Since the mid-1990s, coaching <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional associations</a> have worked towards developing training standards.<sup id="cite_ref-Passmore_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 287–312">: 287–312 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant_Cavanagh-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychologist Jonathan Passmore noted in 2016:<sup id="cite_ref-Passmore_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>While coaching has become a recognized intervention, sadly there are still no standards or licensing arrangements which are widely recognized. Professional bodies have continued to develop their own standards, but the lack of regulation means anyone can call themselves a coach. ... Whether coaching is a profession which requires regulation, or is professional and requires standards, remains a matter of debate.</p></blockquote> <p>One of the challenges in the field of coaching is upholding levels of professionalism, standards, and ethics.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant_Cavanagh-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this end, coaching bodies and organizations have codes of ethics and member standards.<sup id="cite_ref-Passmore_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passmore-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 287–312">: 287–312 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because these bodies are not regulated, and because coaches do not need to belong to such a body, ethics and standards are variable in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant_Cavanagh-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2016, the AC and the EMCC launched a "Global Code of Ethics" for the entire industry; individuals, associations, and organizations are invited to become signatories to it.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> </p><p>Many coaches have little training in comparison to the training requirements of some other helping professions: for example, <a href="/wiki/Licensure" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensure">licensure</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Counseling_psychology" title="Counseling psychology">counseling psychologist</a> in the State of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> requires 3,000 hours of supervised professional experience.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some coaches are both certified coaches and licensed counseling psychologists, integrating coaching and counseling.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics see life coaching as akin to <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a> but without the legal restrictions and state regulation of psychologists.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant_Cavanagh-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are no state regulations/licensing requirements for coaches. Due to lack of regulation, people who have no formal training or certification can legally call themselves life or wellness coaches.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counseling_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of counseling topics">List of counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">List of psychotherapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_development" title="Personal development">Personal development</a> – Activities that develop a person's capabilities and potential</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-actualization" title="Self-actualization">Self-actualization</a> – Human emotional need</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-discovery" title="Self-discovery">Self-discovery</a> – Person attempts to determine how they feel about spiritual issues or priorities</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">Self-help</a> – Self-guided improvement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_development" title="Training and development">Training and development</a> – Improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals and teams within them</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coaching&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Passmore-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Passmore_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passmore_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passmore_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passmore_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Passmore_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPassmore2016" class="citation book cs1">Passmore, Jonathan, ed. (2016) [2006]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_ADCwAAQBAJ"><i>Excellence in Coaching: The Industry Guide</i></a> (3rd ed.). London; Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Kogan_Page" title="Kogan Page">Kogan Page</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780749474461" title="Special:BookSources/9780749474461"><bdi>9780749474461</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/927192333">927192333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excellence+in+Coaching%3A+The+Industry+Guide&rft.place=London%3B+Philadelphia&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Kogan+Page&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F927192333&rft.isbn=9780749474461&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_ADCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Renton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Renton_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenton2009" class="citation book cs1">Renton, Jane (2009). <i>Coaching and Mentoring: What They are and How to Make the Most of Them</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg Press">Bloomberg Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576603307" title="Special:BookSources/9781576603307"><bdi>9781576603307</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/263978214">263978214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coaching+and+Mentoring%3A+What+They+are+and+How+to+Make+the+Most+of+Them&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomberg+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F263978214&rft.isbn=9781576603307&rft.aulast=Renton&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravarthy2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Chakravarthy, Pradeep (20 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/infosys/2011/12/20/business-leadership-for-smarter-org-2/">"The Difference Between Coaching And Mentoring"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Difference+Between+Coaching+And+Mentoring&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft.aulast=Chakravarthy&rft.aufirst=Pradeep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Finfosys%2F2011%2F12%2F20%2Fbusiness-leadership-for-smarter-org-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=coach"><i>coach</i></a>, Online Etymology Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=coach&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dcoach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warwick-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warwick_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warwick_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick2003" class="citation book cs1">Warwick, Andrew (2003). <i>Masters of Theory: Cambridge and the Rise of Mathematical Physics</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226873749" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226873749"><bdi>978-0226873749</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51059283">51059283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+of+Theory%3A+Cambridge+and+the+Rise+of+Mathematical+Physics&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51059283&rft.isbn=978-0226873749&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinesEvans2020" class="citation book cs1">Lines, David; Evans, Christina, eds. (2020). "A Meta-Analysis of Coaching: Re-tracing the Roots and Re-analysing the Coaching Story". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nOreDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Global Business of Coaching: A Meta-Analytical Perspective</i></a>. Routledge Studies in Human Resource Development. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429884917" title="Special:BookSources/9780429884917"><bdi>9780429884917</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>... Brock (2014: 116–119) identifies that coaching draws on the knowledge bases of adult education. ... Neither Brock (2014) nor Grant (2005) establishes a causal link between adult education and the emergence of coaching. However, they both acknowledge the importance and relationship of different theories and knowledge bases to the work of a coach. This surfaces the practice of adopting established knowledge bases from the professions that existed prior to coaching.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Meta-Analysis+of+Coaching%3A+Re-tracing+the+Roots+and+Re-analysing+the+Coaching+Story&rft.btitle=The+Global+Business+of+Coaching%3A+A+Meta-Analytical+Perspective&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+Human+Resource+Development&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780429884917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnOreDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelter2012" class="citation book cs1">Stelter, Reinhard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QT0nAQAAQBAJ"><i>A Guide to Third Generation Coaching: Narrative-Collaborative Theory and Practice</i></a> [<i>Tredje generations coaching - En guide til narrativ-samskabende teori og praksis</i>]. Dordrecht: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a> (published 2013). p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400771864" title="Special:BookSources/9789400771864"><bdi>9789400771864</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>The history of coaching and coaching psychology can be traced back to two key roots: Sport psychology and the Human Potential Movement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Third+Generation+Coaching%3A+Narrative-Collaborative+Theory+and+Practice&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789400771864&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQT0nAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock2018" class="citation book cs1">Brock, Vikki G. (2018). "The Roots and Evolution of Coaching". In English, Susan; Sabatine, Janice Manzi; Brownell, Philip (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=72RhDwAAQBAJ"><i>Professional Coaching: Principles and Practice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer Publishing</a>. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826180094" title="Special:BookSources/9780826180094"><bdi>9780826180094</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>Several sources of connections that set the stage for coaching are: ... Large Group Awareness training (LGAT) was the culmination of the shift to an awareness and responsibility perspective. Participants left meetings with limited support structures to change, though they had declarations, commitments, and enthusiasm.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Roots+and+Evolution+of+Coaching&rft.btitle=Professional+Coaching%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Springer+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780826180094&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Vikki+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D72RhDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CompleteHandbook-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CompleteHandbook_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CompleteHandbook_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CompleteHandbook_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxBachkirovaClutterbuck2018" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Elaine; Bachkirova, Tatiana; Clutterbuck, David, eds. (2018) [2010]. <i>The Complete Handbook of Coaching</i> (3rd ed.). Los Angeles; London: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781473973046" title="Special:BookSources/9781473973046"><bdi>9781473973046</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1023783439">1023783439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Handbook+of+Coaching&rft.place=Los+Angeles%3B+London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1023783439&rft.isbn=9781473973046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505130939/https://www.icfaustralasia.com/Program/Speakers/Anthony-Grant">"Anthony Grant"</a>. <i>www.icfaustralasia.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icfaustralasia.com/Program/Speakers/Anthony-Grant">the original</a> on 5 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.icfaustralasia.com&rft.atitle=Anthony+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icfaustralasia.com%2FProgram%2FSpeakers%2FAnthony-Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2013" class="citation cs2">Cox, Elaine (2013), <i>Coaching Understood: a Pragmatic Inquiry into the Coaching Process</i>, Los Angeles; London: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857028259" title="Special:BookSources/9780857028259"><bdi>9780857028259</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/805014954">805014954</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coaching+Understood%3A+a+Pragmatic+Inquiry+into+the+Coaching+Process&rft.place=Los+Angeles%3B+London&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F805014954&rft.isbn=9780857028259&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosinski2003" class="citation book cs1">Rosinski, Philippe (2003). <i>Coaching Across Cultures: New Tools for Leveraging National, Corporate, and Professional Differences</i>. London; Yarmouth, Maine: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brealey_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Brealey Publishing">Nicholas Brealey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1857883012" title="Special:BookSources/1857883012"><bdi>1857883012</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51020293">51020293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coaching+Across+Cultures%3A+New+Tools+for+Leveraging+National%2C+Corporate%2C+and+Professional+Differences&rft.place=London%3B+Yarmouth%2C+Maine&rft.pub=Nicholas+Brealey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51020293&rft.isbn=1857883012&rft.aulast=Rosinski&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallowellRatey2011" class="citation book cs1">Hallowell, Edward M.; Ratey, John J. (2011) [1984]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307743152"><i>Driven to Distraction: Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from Childhood Through Adulthood</i></a></span> (Revised ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Anchor_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor Books">Anchor Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307743152" title="Special:BookSources/9780307743152"><bdi>9780307743152</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/699763760">699763760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driven+to+Distraction%3A+Recognizing+and+Coping+with+Attention+Deficit+Disorder+from+Childhood+Through+Adulthood&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F699763760&rft.isbn=9780307743152&rft.aulast=Hallowell&rft.aufirst=Edward+M.&rft.au=Ratey%2C+John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780307743152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkley2012" class="citation book cs1">Barkley, Russell A. (2012). <i>Executive Functions: What They Are, How They Work, and Why They Evolved</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Guilford_Press" title="Guilford Press">Guilford Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781462505357" title="Special:BookSources/9781462505357"><bdi>9781462505357</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/773666263">773666263</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Executive+Functions%3A+What+They+Are%2C+How+They+Work%2C+and+Why+They+Evolved&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Guilford+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F773666263&rft.isbn=9781462505357&rft.aulast=Barkley&rft.aufirst=Russell+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2011" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, Jeff (6 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/pills-dont-teach-skills/201101/26-benefits-adult-adhd-coaching">"26 Benefits of Adult ADHD Coaching"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Psychology_Today" title="Psychology Today">Psychology Today</a> blogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today+blogs&rft.atitle=26+Benefits+of+Adult+ADHD+Coaching&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fblog%2Fpills-dont-teach-skills%2F201101%2F26-benefits-adult-adhd-coaching&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnouseBagwellBarkleyMurphy2005" class="citation journal cs1">Knouse, Laura E.; Bagwell, Catherine L.; Barkley, Russell A.; Murphy, Kevin R. (May 2005). "Accuracy of Self-Evaluation in Adults with ADHD: Evidence from a Driving Study". <i>Journal of Attention Disorders</i>. <b>8</b> (4): 221–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1087054705280159">10.1177/1087054705280159</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16110052">16110052</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40724893">40724893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Attention+Disorders&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+Self-Evaluation+in+Adults+with+ADHD%3A+Evidence+from+a+Driving+Study&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=221-234&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40724893%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16110052&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1087054705280159&rft.aulast=Knouse&rft.aufirst=Laura+E.&rft.au=Bagwell%2C+Catherine+L.&rft.au=Barkley%2C+Russell+A.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Kevin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackman-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackman_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackmanMoscardoGray2016" class="citation journal cs1">Blackman, Anna; Moscardo, Gianna; Gray, David E. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/16329/3/16329%20GRAY_Business_Coaching_2016.pdf">"Challenges for the theory and practice of business coaching: a systematic review of empirical evidence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Resource_Development_Review" title="Human Resource Development Review">Human Resource Development Review</a></i>. <b>15</b> (4): 459–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1534484316673177">10.1177/1534484316673177</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1534-4843">1534-4843</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152097437">152097437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Resource+Development+Review&rft.atitle=Challenges+for+the+theory+and+practice+of+business+coaching%3A+a+systematic+review+of+empirical+evidence&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=459-486&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152097437%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1534-4843&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1534484316673177&rft.aulast=Blackman&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Moscardo%2C+Gianna&rft.au=Gray%2C+David+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgala.gre.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F16329%2F3%2F16329%2520GRAY_Business_Coaching_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2004" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, Lewis R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706123259/http://opm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Executive-coaching-definition-Stern043.pdf">"Executive coaching: a working definition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Consulting_Psychology_Journal:_Practice_and_Research" title="Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research">Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research</a></i>. <b>56</b> (3): 154–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1065-9293.56.3.154">10.1037/1065-9293.56.3.154</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Executive-coaching-definition-Stern043.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Consulting+Psychology+Journal%3A+Practice+and+Research&rft.atitle=Executive+coaching%3A+a+working+definition&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=154-162&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1065-9293.56.3.154&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Lewis+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopm.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F09%2FExecutive-coaching-definition-Stern043.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesWoodsGuillaume2016" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, Rebecca J.; Woods, Stephen A.; Guillaume, Yves R. F. (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74522/1/Jones%20et%20al%202016_JOOP.pdf">"The effectiveness of workplace coaching: a meta-analysis of learning and performance outcomes from coaching"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Occupational_and_Organizational_Psychology" title="Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology">Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology</a></i>. <b>89</b> (2): 249–277. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjoop.12119">10.1111/joop.12119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Organizational+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+effectiveness+of+workplace+coaching%3A+a+meta-analysis+of+learning+and+performance+outcomes+from+coaching&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=249-277&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjoop.12119&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+J.&rft.au=Woods%2C+Stephen+A.&rft.au=Guillaume%2C+Yves+R.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentaur.reading.ac.uk%2F74522%2F1%2FJones%2520et%2520al%25202016_JOOP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorber2008" class="citation news cs1">Lorber, Laura (10 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/independentstreet/2008/04/10/executive-coaching-worth-the-money/">"Executive Coaching – Worth the Money?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Executive+Coaching+%E2%80%93+Worth+the+Money%3F&rft.date=2008-04-10&rft.aulast=Lorber&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Findependentstreet%2F2008%2F04%2F10%2Fexecutive-coaching-worth-the-money%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangYuan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Yanfei; Yuan, Chuqin (2017). "Coaching leadership and employee voice behavior: a multilevel study". <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Behavior_and_Personality" title="Social Behavior and Personality">Social Behavior and Personality</a></i>. <b>45</b> (10): 1655–1664. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2224%2Fsbp.6593">10.2224/sbp.6593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Behavior+and+Personality&rft.atitle=Coaching+leadership+and+employee+voice+behavior%3A+a+multilevel+study&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1655-1664&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2224%2Fsbp.6593&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Yanfei&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Chuqin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyllenstenPalmer2005" class="citation journal cs1">Gyllensten, Kristina; Palmer, Stephen (July 2005). "Can coaching reduce workplace stress?". <i>The Coaching Psychologist</i>. <b>1</b>: 15–17. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.465.4855">10.1.1.465.4855</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.53841%2Fbpstcp.2005.1.1.15">10.53841/bpstcp.2005.1.1.15</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255930948">255930948</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Coaching+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Can+coaching+reduce+workplace+stress%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=15-17&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.465.4855%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A255930948%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.53841%2Fbpstcp.2005.1.1.15&rft.aulast=Gyllensten&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102131626/https://christiancoaches.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CCNI-Christian-Coaching-Distinctions.pdf">"Definition of Christian Coaching"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>christiancoaches.com</i>. Christian Coaches Network International. October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christiancoaches.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CCNI-Christian-Coaching-Distinctions.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>Christian coaching is an approach to the practice of professional coaching—whether focused on personal or professional growth—that integrates the biblical worldview when working with clients to recognize their potential and effect personal change.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=christiancoaches.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Christian+Coaching&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristiancoaches.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2FCCNI-Christian-Coaching-Distinctions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsOliveO'Rourke2013" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, J. Michael; Olive, Peggy; O'Rourke, Collin M. (February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joe.org/joe/2013february/a8.php">"Financial Coaching's Potential for Enhancing Family Financial Security"</a>. <i>Journal of Extension</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 1FEA8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34068%2Fjoe.51.01.27">10.34068/joe.51.01.27</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:167405122">167405122</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Extension&rft.atitle=Financial+Coaching%27s+Potential+for+Enhancing+Family+Financial+Security&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1FEA8&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34068%2Fjoe.51.01.27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A167405122%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J.+Michael&rft.au=Olive%2C+Peggy&rft.au=O%27Rourke%2C+Collin+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joe.org%2Fjoe%2F2013february%2Fa8.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngel2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Engel, Reed Jordan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI3479465/"><i>An Examination of Wellness Coaches and Their Impact on Client Behavioral Outcomes</i></a> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+Examination+of+Wellness+Coaches+and+Their+Impact+on+Client+Behavioral+Outcomes&rft.inst=Purdue+University&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.aufirst=Reed+Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.lib.purdue.edu%2Fdissertations%2FAAI3479465%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSHC-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NSHC_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NSHC_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NSHC_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nshcoa.com/pdf/NSHCPositionStatementFinal2015.pdf">"Health Coaches & Health Coaching: Definition, Qualifications, Risk and Responsibility, and Differentiation from Wellness Coaching"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Society of Health Coaches<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+Coaches+%26+Health+Coaching%3A+Definition%2C+Qualifications%2C+Risk+and+Responsibility%2C+and+Differentiation+from+Wellness+Coaching&rft.pub=National+Society+of+Health+Coaches&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nshcoa.com%2Fpdf%2FNSHCPositionStatementFinal2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin_Nir2010" class="citation news cs1">Maslin Nir, Sarah (8 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/nyregion/08homework.html">"Like a Monitor More Than a Tutor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. A21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Like+a+Monitor+More+Than+a+Tutor&rft.pages=A21&rft.date=2010-11-08&rft.aulast=Maslin+Nir&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F08%2Fnyregion%2F08homework.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nieuwerburgh-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nieuwerburgh_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nieuwerburgh_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNieuwerburgh2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_van_Nieuwerburgh" title="Christian van Nieuwerburgh">Nieuwerburgh, Christian van</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XcO5DRcAGqIC"><i>Coaching in Education: Getting Better Results for Students, Educators, and Parents</i></a>. Professional Coaching Series. London: Karnac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780490793" title="Special:BookSources/9781780490793"><bdi>9781780490793</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/778418798">778418798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coaching+in+Education%3A+Getting+Better+Results+for+Students%2C+Educators%2C+and+Parents&rft.place=London&rft.series=Professional+Coaching+Series&rft.pub=Karnac+Books&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F778418798&rft.isbn=9781780490793&rft.aulast=Nieuwerburgh&rft.aufirst=Christian+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXcO5DRcAGqIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeenan2018" class="citation book cs1">Neenan, Michael (2018). Neenan, Michael (ed.). <i>Cognitive Behavioural Coaching: Distinctive Features</i>. Coaching distinctive features. New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781351188555">10.4324/9781351188555</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351188555" title="Special:BookSources/9781351188555"><bdi>9781351188555</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1012616113">1012616113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cognitive+Behavioural+Coaching%3A+Distinctive+Features&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Coaching+distinctive+features&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1012616113&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781351188555&rft.isbn=9781351188555&rft.aulast=Neenan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2005" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Anthony M. (2005). "What is evidence-based executive, workplace, and life coaching?". In Cavanagh, Michael J.; Grant, Anthony M.; Kemp, Travis (eds.). <i>Evidence-based Coaching, Vol. 1: Theory, Research and Practice from the Behavioural Sciences</i>. Bowen Hills, Queensland: Australian Academic Press. pp. 1–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781875378579" title="Special:BookSources/9781875378579"><bdi>9781875378579</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/67766842">67766842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+is+evidence-based+executive%2C+workplace%2C+and+life+coaching%3F&rft.btitle=Evidence-based+Coaching%2C+Vol.+1%3A+Theory%2C+Research+and+Practice+from+the+Behavioural+Sciences&rft.place=Bowen+Hills%2C+Queensland&rft.pages=1-12&rft.pub=Australian+Academic+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F67766842&rft.isbn=9781875378579&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Anthony+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrantCavanagh2018" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Anthony M.; Cavanagh, Michael J. (2018). "Life Coaching". In Cox, Elaine; Bachkirova, Tatiana; Clutterbuck, David (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PqpODwAAQBAJ"><i>The Complete Handbook of Coaching</i></a> (3 ed.). Los Angeles: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526453112" title="Special:BookSources/9781526453112"><bdi>9781526453112</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2020</span>. <q>The roots of contemporary life coaching appear to emerge from humanistic traditions of psychology (e.g. Maslow, 1954) and the practices of the Human Potential Movement (HPM) .... One of the key influences were the Erhard Seminars Training or EST programmes developed by Werner Erhard (Kirsch & Glass, 1977). These were marketed as personal transformation, and as such can be considered as drawing on the same social impetus that later gave rise to life coaching. ... psychology as an academic discipline and a helping profession tended to be associated, at least in the public's mind, with mental illness and the treatment of distress, rather than the promotion of well-being. Psychology did not truly engage with life coaching until the pioneers of commercial life coaching in the USA, such as Thomas Leonard, had raised the profile of life coaching and life coach training during the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, at this time life coaching was still viewed by many as being faddish, theoretically incoherent, new-age and more of a network marketing opportunity than a solid theoretically-grounded helping modality.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Life+Coaching&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Handbook+of+Coaching&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781526453112&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Anthony+M.&rft.au=Cavanagh%2C+Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPqpODwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNisbet2020" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Nisbet" title="Matthew Nisbet">Nisbet, Matthew C.</a> (May–June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/05/tony-robbins-next-door-personal-coaches-are-the-new-high-priests-of-self-help/">"Tony Robbins Next Door: Personal Coaches Are The New High Priests Of Self-Help"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i>. Vol. 44, no. 3. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201126164415/https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/05/letters-vol-44-no-3/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Tony+Robbins+Next+Door%3A+Personal+Coaches+Are+The+New+High+Priests+Of+Self-Help&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2020-05%2F2020-06&rft.aulast=Nisbet&rft.aufirst=Matthew+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskepticalinquirer.org%2F2020%2F05%2Ftony-robbins-next-door-personal-coaches-are-the-new-high-priests-of-self-help%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop2024" class="citation news cs1">Bishop, Katie (2 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/02/business/life-coach-debt-savings.html">"They Spent Their Life Savings on Life Coaching"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=They+Spent+Their+Life+Savings+on+Life+Coaching&rft.date=2024-06-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F06%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Flife-coach-debt-savings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20240206-life-coaching-industry-scams">"The seedy underbelly of the life coaching industry"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+seedy+underbelly+of+the+life+coaching+industry&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fworklife%2Farticle%2F20240206-life-coaching-industry-scams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YossiIves2015-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YossiIves2015_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYossiCox2015" class="citation book cs1">Yossi, Ives; Cox, Elaine (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kz-LBQAAQBAJ"><i>Relationship Coaching: The Theory and Practice of Coaching with Singles, Couples and Parents</i></a>. Hove, East Sussex; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415737951" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415737951"><bdi>978-0415737951</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/881498486">881498486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relationship+Coaching%3A+The+Theory+and+Practice+of+Coaching+with+Singles%2C+Couples+and+Parents&rft.place=Hove%2C+East+Sussex%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F881498486&rft.isbn=978-0415737951&rft.aulast=Yossi&rft.aufirst=Ives&rft.au=Cox%2C+Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkz-LBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griffo, J.M., Jensen, M., Anthony, C.C., Baghurst, T. and Kulinna, P.H., 2019. "A decade of research literature in sport coaching (2005–2015)". <i>International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching</i>, 14(2), 205–215. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747954118825058">10.1177/1747954118825058</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWildflower2013" class="citation book cs1">Wildflower, Leni (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IKGSyKsY-hkC"><i>The Hidden History of Coaching</i></a>. Coaching in practice series. Maidenhead: <a href="/wiki/Open_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Open University Press">Open University Press</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780335245406" title="Special:BookSources/9780335245406"><bdi>9780335245406</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/820107321">820107321</a>. <q>... sports psychology ... has a history going back to the 1890s in America. ... By 1920 Germany had a specialized College of Physical Education, whose founder, Robert Werner Schulte, wrote a book called <i>Body and Mind in Sport</i>. The universities of Moscow and Leningrad had departments of sports psychology by the 1930s</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+History+of+Coaching&rft.place=Maidenhead&rft.series=Coaching+in+practice+series&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Open+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F820107321&rft.isbn=9780335245406&rft.aulast=Wildflower&rft.aufirst=Leni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIKGSyKsY-hkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1977" class="citation journal cs1">Hamilton, David (May 1977). "Writing coach". <i><a href="/wiki/College_Composition_and_Communication" title="College Composition and Communication">College Composition and Communication</a></i>. <b>28</b> (2): 154–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F356104">10.2307/356104</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/356104">356104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+Composition+and+Communication&rft.atitle=Writing+coach&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=154-158&rft.date=1977-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F356104&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F356104%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1992" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley, Jane (September 1992). "Coaching student writers to be effective peer evaluators". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Second_Language_Writing" title="Journal of Second Language Writing">Journal of Second Language Writing</a></i>. <b>1</b> (3): 217–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F1060-3743%2892%2990004-9">10.1016/1060-3743(92)90004-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Second+Language+Writing&rft.atitle=Coaching+student+writers+to+be+effective+peer+evaluators&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=217-233&rft.date=1992-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F1060-3743%2892%2990004-9&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfThomason1986" class="citation journal cs1">Wolf, Rita; Thomason, Tommy (March 1986). "Writing coaches: their strategies for improving writing". <i><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_Research_Journal" title="Newspaper Research Journal">Newspaper Research Journal</a></i>. <b>7</b> (3): 43–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F073953298600700305">10.1177/073953298600700305</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151436996">151436996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newspaper+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Writing+coaches%3A+their+strategies+for+improving+writing&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=43-49&rft.date=1986-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F073953298600700305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151436996%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft.au=Thomason%2C+Tommy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaakaniemi1987" class="citation journal cs1">Laakaniemi, Ray (March 1987). "An analysis of writing coach programs on American daily newspapers". <i><a href="/wiki/Journalism_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalism Quarterly">Journalism Quarterly</a></i>. <b>64</b> (2–3): 569–575. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F107769908706400242">10.1177/107769908706400242</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145010627">145010627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journalism+Quarterly&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+writing+coach+programs+on+American+daily+newspapers&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=569-575&rft.date=1987-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F107769908706400242&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145010627%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Laakaniemi&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwinChandler2002" class="citation journal cs1">Baldwin, Claire; Chandler, Genevieve E. (February 2002). "Improving faculty publication output: the role of a writing coach". <i>Journal of Professional Nursing</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 8–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fjpnu.2002.30896">10.1053/jpnu.2002.30896</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11859488">11859488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Professional+Nursing&rft.atitle=Improving+faculty+publication+output%3A+the+role+of+a+writing+coach&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-15&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fjpnu.2002.30896&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11859488&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Chandler%2C+Genevieve+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJefferiesJohnsonNichollsLad2012" class="citation journal cs1">Jefferies, Diana; Johnson, Maree; Nicholls, Daniel; Lad, Shushila (August 2012). "A ward-based writing coach program to improve the quality of nursing documentation". <i><a href="/wiki/Nurse_Education_Today" title="Nurse Education Today">Nurse Education Today</a></i>. <b>32</b> (6): 647–651. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nedt.2011.08.017">10.1016/j.nedt.2011.08.017</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21982050">21982050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nurse+Education+Today&rft.atitle=A+ward-based+writing+coach+program+to+improve+the+quality+of+nursing+documentation&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=647-651&rft.date=2012-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nedt.2011.08.017&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21982050&rft.aulast=Jefferies&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Maree&rft.au=Nicholls%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Lad%2C+Shushila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardinerKearns2012" class="citation journal cs1">Gardiner, Maria; Kearns, Hugh (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236627021">"The ABCDE of writing: coaching high-quality high-quantity writing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Coaching_Psychology_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="International Coaching Psychology Review">International Coaching Psychology Review</a></i>. <b>7</b> (2): 247–259. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.53841%2Fbpsicpr.2012.7.2.247">10.53841/bpsicpr.2012.7.2.247</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255927125">255927125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Coaching+Psychology+Review&rft.atitle=The+ABCDE+of+writing%3A+coaching+high-quality+high-quantity+writing&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=247-259&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.53841%2Fbpsicpr.2012.7.2.247&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A255927125%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Kearns%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F236627021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant_Cavanagh-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_Cavanagh_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrantCavanagh2011" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Anthony M.; Cavanagh, Michael J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5itnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA295">"Coaching and Positive Psychology: Credentialing, Professional Status, and Professional Bodies"</a>. In Sheldon, Kennon M.; Kashdan, Todd B.; Steger, Michael F. (eds.). <i>Designing Positive Psychology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward</i>. Oxford; New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 295–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195373585.003.0019">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0019</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195373585" title="Special:BookSources/9780195373585"><bdi>9780195373585</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/610144651">610144651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coaching+and+Positive+Psychology%3A+Credentialing%2C+Professional+Status%2C+and+Professional+Bodies&rft.btitle=Designing+Positive+Psychology%3A+Taking+Stock+and+Moving+Forward&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pages=295-312&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F610144651&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195373585.003.0019&rft.isbn=9780195373585&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Anthony+M.&rft.au=Cavanagh%2C+Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5itnDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassmoreMortimer2011" class="citation book cs1">Passmore, Jonathan; Mortimer, Lance (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203094918/http://www.jonathanpassmore.com/resources/Ethics%20in%20Coaching%20-%20Passmore%20%26%20Mortimer%202011.pdf">"Ethics in Coaching"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Hernez-Broome, Gina; Boyce, Lisa A. (eds.). <i>Advancing Executive Coaching: Setting the Course for Successful Leadership Coaching</i>. The Professional Practice Series. San Francisco: <a href="/wiki/Jossey-Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Jossey-Bass">Jossey-Bass</a>. pp. 205–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470553329" title="Special:BookSources/9780470553329"><bdi>9780470553329</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/635455413">635455413</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jonathanpassmore.com/resources/Ethics%20in%20Coaching%20-%20Passmore%20&%20Mortimer%202011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethics+in+Coaching&rft.btitle=Advancing+Executive+Coaching%3A+Setting+the+Course+for+Successful+Leadership+Coaching&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.series=The+Professional+Practice+Series&rft.pages=205-227&rft.pub=Jossey-Bass&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F635455413&rft.isbn=9780470553329&rft.aulast=Passmore&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Mortimer%2C+Lance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jonathanpassmore.com%2Fresources%2FEthics%2520in%2520Coaching%2520-%2520Passmore%2520%26%2520Mortimer%25202011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsSleightholm2016" class="citation web cs1">Woods, Declan; Sleightholm, David (5 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prweb.com/releases/for_joint_release_on_5th_february_2016_global_code_of_ethics_for_coaches_and_mentors/prweb13201905.htm">"For Joint Release on 5th February 2016 - Global Code of Ethics for Coaches and Mentors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PRWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="PRWeb">PRWeb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208080737/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/02/prweb13201905.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Joint+Release+on+5th+February+2016+-+Global+Code+of+Ethics+for+Coaches+and+Mentors&rft.pub=PRWeb&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Declan&rft.au=Sleightholm%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prweb.com%2Freleases%2Ffor_joint_release_on_5th_february_2016_global_code_of_ethics_for_coaches_and_mentors%2Fprweb13201905.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIordanouHawleyIordanou2017" class="citation book cs1">Iordanou, Ioanna; Hawley, Rachel; Iordanou, Christiana (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yuAqDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Values and Ethics in Coaching</i></a>. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781473919563" title="Special:BookSources/9781473919563"><bdi>9781473919563</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/948548464">948548464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Values+and+Ethics+in+Coaching&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F948548464&rft.isbn=9781473919563&rft.aulast=Iordanou&rft.aufirst=Ioanna&rft.au=Hawley%2C+Rachel&rft.au=Iordanou%2C+Christiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyuAqDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706131838/http://www.psychology.ca.gov/applicants/license.shtml">"An Overview of Licensure as a Psychologist"</a>. California Board of Psychology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychology.ca.gov/applicants/license.shtml">the original</a> on 6 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Overview+of+Licensure+as+a+Psychologist&rft.pub=California+Board+of+Psychology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychology.ca.gov%2Fapplicants%2Flicense.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopovicJinks2014" class="citation book cs1">Popovic, Nash; Jinks, Debra (2014). <i>Personal Consultancy: A Model for Integrating Counselling and Coaching</i>. London; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415833929" title="Special:BookSources/9780415833929"><bdi>9780415833929</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/842330076">842330076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Consultancy%3A+A+Model+for+Integrating+Counselling+and+Coaching&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F842330076&rft.isbn=9780415833929&rft.aulast=Popovic&rft.aufirst=Nash&rft.au=Jinks%2C+Debra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAToday-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAToday_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuay2013" class="citation news cs1">Guay, Jennifer (16 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731105833/http://college.usatoday.com/2013/01/16/millennials-enter-growing-controversial-field-of-life-coaching/">"Millennials Enter Growing, Controversial Field of Life Coaching"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college.usatoday.com/2013/01/16/millennials-enter-growing-controversial-field-of-life-coaching/">the original</a> on 31 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Millennials+Enter+Growing%2C+Controversial+Field+of+Life+Coaching&rft.date=2013-01-16&rft.aulast=Guay&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollege.usatoday.com%2F2013%2F01%2F16%2Fmillennials-enter-growing-controversial-field-of-life-coaching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2012" class="citation cs2">Morgan, Spencer (27 January 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/fashion/should-a-life-coach-have-a-life-first.html">"Should a Life Coach Have a Life First?"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Should+a+Life+Coach+Have+a+Life+First%3F&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F29%2Ffashion%2Fshould-a-life-coach-have-a-life-first.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagliarini2011" class="citation web cs1">Pagliarini, Robert (20 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/top-10-professional-life-coaching-myths/">"Top 10 Professional Life Coaching Myths"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Top+10+Professional+Life+Coaching+Myths&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft.aulast=Pagliarini&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-10-professional-life-coaching-myths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2014" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Elizabeth (8 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/10-things-life-coaches-wont-tell-you-2014-09-05">"10 Things Life Coaches Won't Tell You"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MarketWatch" title="MarketWatch">MarketWatch</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Things+Life+Coaches+Won%27t+Tell+You&rft.pub=MarketWatch&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2F10-things-life-coaches-wont-tell-you-2014-09-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/life_coach" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:life coach">life coach</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104185#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2003005186">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01008288">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="koučování"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph335997&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000142265&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007549440105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coaching&oldid=1258772782">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coaching&oldid=1258772782</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coaching" title="Category:Coaching">Coaching</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2019">Articles needing additional references from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2013" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2013">Use dmy dates from December 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hungarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text">Articles containing Hungarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_July_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from July 2020">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from July 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 15:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coaching&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lh5s9","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.910","walltime":"1.210","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5766,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":139759,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2434,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":22,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":219570,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1125.677 1 -total"," 36.22% 407.682 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.59% 186.705 20 Template:Cite_book"," 10.41% 117.202 1 Template:Lang"," 9.76% 109.916 1 Template:Authority_control"," 9.59% 107.977 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 9.21% 103.711 1 Template:Ambox"," 8.18% 92.119 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.16% 80.570 14 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.41% 49.648 5 Template:Annotated_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.596","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24076257,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-542sp","timestamp":"20241122141010","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Coaching","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coaching","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1104185","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1104185","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-02T11:16:36Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T15:17:51Z","headline":"form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance"}</script> </body> </html>