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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ayyubid and Mamluk periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ottoman era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British Mandate era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordanian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordanian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Jordanian rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordanian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Contemporary period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tulkarm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85" title="طولكرم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طولكرم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="তুলকারেম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুলকারেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarem" title="Tulkarem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tulkarem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A2%C5%ABlkarm" title="Ţūlkarm – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ţūlkarm" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlkarim" title="Túlkarim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Túlkarim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC" title="Τούλκαρμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούλκαρμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarem" title="Tulkarem – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tulkarem" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarem" title="Tulkarem – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tulkarem" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85" title="طولکرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طولکرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarem" title="Tulkarem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tulkarem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%84" title="툴카름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툴카름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarem" title="Tulkarem – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tulkarem" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9D" title="טולכרם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טולכרם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarmas" title="Tulkarmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tulkarmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85" title="طولكرم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طولكرم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toelkarem" title="Toelkarem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toelkarem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A0" title="トゥールカリム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トゥールカリム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarem" title="Tulkarem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tulkarem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85" title="طولکرم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="طولکرم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulcar%C3%A9m" title="Tulcarém – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tulcarém" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Тулькарм (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тулькарм (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85" title="توولکەرم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توولکەرم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Тулкарм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тулкарм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tulkarm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarim" title="Tulkarim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tulkarim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Тулькарм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тулькарм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85" title="طولکرم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طولکرم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarim" title="Tulkarim – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tulkarim" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toelkarem" title="Toelkarem – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Toelkarem" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%8B%92%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E5%A7%86" title="圖勒凱爾姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圖勒凱爾姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tulkarm&params=32_18_45_N_35_1_36_E_region:PS_type:city(64532)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°18′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°1′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.31250°N 35.02667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.31250; 35.02667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Palestinian city in the West Bank</div> <p class="PIA-flag" style="display:none; visibility:hidden;" title="This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict."></p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality type A in State of Palestine</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tulkarm</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">Municipality type A (City)</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Arabic transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">طولكرم</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tulkarem (official)<br />Tul Karem (unofficial)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Hebrew transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew script">Hebrew</a></th><td class="infobox-data">טולכרם</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Tulkarm_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tulkarm, 2020"><img alt="Tulkarm, 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_view_of_Tulkarm_08.jpg/250px-Aerial_view_of_Tulkarm_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_view_of_Tulkarm_08.jpg/500px-Aerial_view_of_Tulkarm_08.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Tulkarm, 2020</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulkarm.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Tulkarm"><img alt="Official logo of Tulkarm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tulkarm.png/93px-Tulkarm.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tulkarm.png/140px-Tulkarm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Tulkarm.png/186px-Tulkarm.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="233" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Municipal Seal of Tulkarm</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_location_map_wide.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tulkarm is located in State of Palestine"><img alt="Tulkarm is located in State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/250px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/375px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/500px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.274%;left:51.026%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tulkarm"><img alt="Tulkarm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tulkarm</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Tulkarm within <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tulkarm&params=32_18_45_N_35_1_36_E_region:PS_type:city(64532)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°18′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°1′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.31250°N 35.02667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.31250; 35.02667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">Palestine grid</a></th><td class="infobox-data">152/190</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">State of Palestine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the State of Palestine">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Governorate" title="Tulkarm Governorate">Tulkarm</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">Late 12th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head of Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data">Riyad Awad (17 April 2022–)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">28,793 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (28.8 km<sup>2</sup> or 11.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017)<sup id="cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">64,532</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">The long (place) of the vineyard.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer194_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer194-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulkarm.org/">www.tulkarm.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tulkarm</b> or <b>Tulkarem</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">طولكرم</span>, <i>Ṭūlkarm</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> city in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Governorate" title="Tulkarm Governorate">Tulkarm Governorate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a> is to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> to the east. According to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a>, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532.<sup id="cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tulkarm is under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulkarm_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tulkarm_3.jpg/220px-Tulkarm_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tulkarm_3.jpg/330px-Tulkarm_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Tulkarm_3.jpg/440px-Tulkarm_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Al-Adawiah High School</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulkarm_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Tulkarm_5.jpg/220px-Tulkarm_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Tulkarm_5.jpg/330px-Tulkarm_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Tulkarm_5.jpg/440px-Tulkarm_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Paris Street, Tulkarm, 2007.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> name translates as 'length of vinyard'<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is a distortion of the <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> name <i>Tur Karma</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ('mount of the vineyard'), which was used for Tulkarm by the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> and by the mediaeval <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer194_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer194-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a> identified Tulkarm with the toponym <i>Birat Seriqa</i> (בירת סריקא, lit. '<a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> tower' or 'vineyard tower'), mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah" title="Avodah Zarah">AZ</a> 31a; y. AZ 5:4) as located near the Samaritan town of Burgata (בורגתא/ברקתא, perhaps from <i><a href="/wiki/Burgus" title="Burgus">burgus</a></i>, 'tower'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), which may be modern Burj al-Atut.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix-Marie_Abel" title="Félix-Marie Abel">Félix-Marie Abel</a> put Birat Seriqa closer to <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qallil" title="Kafr Qallil">Kafr Qallil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others put it near <a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah Press">Isaiah Press</a> and Dov Zudkevitz suggest the true site may be somewhat west of Tulkarm, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tel_Zureiqiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tel Zureiqiya (page does not exist)">Tel Zureiqiya</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:תל זוריקיה">he</a>]</span> in the <a href="/wiki/Poleg" title="Poleg">Poleg</a> basin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods">Ayyubid and Mamluk periods</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> era, after the Muslim reconquest of Palestine under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> in 1187, the first families to settle in Tulkarm were from the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> clan of Zaydan.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A military group, the Zaydan were dispatched to the Wadi al-Sha'ir area, which includes Tulkarm, by Saladin to buttress the defense of the western approaches of Muslim-held Palestine from the Crusaders who dominated the coastal area.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Zaydan politically dominated Tulkarm and the vicinity until the early 17th century. Around 1230, during the late Ayyubid period, a group of <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> from southern Palestine immigrated to Tulkarm. They had originally migrated to Palestine from <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> many generations prior and had become semi-nomadic farmers and grazers.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the Arab families were the Fuqaha clan, who were considered <i><a href="/wiki/Ashraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf">ashraf</a></i> (related to the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>) and served as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a></i> (religious scholars) of the village.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Ayyubid, and later the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> era (1260–1517), the majority of Tulkarm's lands were made part of a <i><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a></i> (religious trust) to support the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Al-Farisiyya_Madrasa" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Al-Farisiyya Madrasa">al-Farisiyya Madrasa</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> religious school in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, located north of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Masjid Al-Aqsa</a> compound. Two-thirds of the village's farmlands were confirmed as part of this trust in 1354 by the deputy-governor of Damascus, Faris al-Din al-Baki. During Mamluk rule another wave of Arab immigrants arrived in Tulkarm from <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and nearby <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>. They largely engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, supplying hides to leather merchants in the coastal villages, retaken from the Crusaders in the second half of the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_era">Ottoman era</h3></div> <p>Tulkarm was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1517. Afterward, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> (r. 1520–66) transferred Tulkarm's <i>waqf</i> to the al-Jawhariyya Madrasa (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al-Jawhariyya">Commons</a>), located in the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a>, northwest of the al-Aqsa Mosque. Under this arrangement, Tulkarm's inhabitants paid a third of their harvest as a tax towards the <i>waqf</i>, called <i>qasm</i>. At the time of the <i>waqf'</i>s reassignment, the population of the village was estimated at 522 (95 households) and the <i>qasm</i> consisted of eight <a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">carats</a> of wheat and three carats of barley. The town's elite families administered the trust, which enabled them to reach higher social and economic status. The population increased through intermarriage with families fleeing violent <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">feuds</a> between the various clans of Jabal Nablus. By 1548, the population had grown to 189 households or roughly 1,040 persons.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1596 Tulkarm appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">nahiya</a></i> (subdistrict) of <a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a>, which was a part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sanjak</a></i> (district) of <a href="/wiki/Nablus_Sanjak" title="Nablus Sanjak">Nablus</a>. The largest village in the <i>nahiya</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tulkarm had a population of 176 Muslim households (roughly 968 persons) and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, goats, beehives and a press for olives or grapes.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this early period of Ottoman rule, there were five neighborhoods (pl. <i>harat</i>) centered around the Shaykh Ali al-Jazri al-Mughrabi Mosque, today referred to simply as the "Old Mosque". The population was overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a>, and most residents were <i><a href="/wiki/Fallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallah">fellahin</a></i> (peasants who worked the land.) The elite families during that time were the Zaydan and the <a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="Lajjun">Lajjun</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Turabay_dynasty" title="Turabay dynasty">Tarabay</a>, the latter belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Bani_Harith" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Harith">Bani Harith</a> tribe. Because of the decentralized nature of the Ottoman state, these families and their successors in later centuries ruled the area with a high degree of autonomy. The Zaydan had particular authority over Tulkarm, being appointed as the <i>mutassalim</i> (tax collectors or enforcers) on behalf of the central authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-17th-century most members of the Zaydan family, with the exception of the children and the elderly, were killed in a massacre by Tulkarm's inhabitants during <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Friday prayers</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This was in reaction to the Zaydan having forced Tulkarm's residents to harvest and process the village's grains for taxation purposes. Consequently, political power in Tulkarm passed to the Badran clan, while the Fuqaha family took control of administering the <i>"waqf"</i> lands, firmly establishing them as the village's religious leaders. The Fuqaha had derived much of their authority from their classification as <i>ashraf</i> and their association with the Sufi <a href="/wiki/Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa'i">Rifa'iyya</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Zawiya_(institution)" title="Zawiya (institution)">zawiya</a></i> of the village. The western neighborhood was mostly emptied of Zaydan members and would serve as the main area of settlement for newcomers.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tulkarm appears on sheet 45 of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jacotin" title="Pierre Jacotin">Jacotin's</a> map drawn up during <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">invasion in 1799</a>, named <i>Toun Karin.</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg/220px-Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg/330px-Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg/440px-Tulkarm_Municipality_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Tulkarm Municipality building</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the adoption of the Ottoman Land Code in 1858, the <i>musha</i> (collective landownership) system was gradually abrogated and residents were required to register their property with the central authorities. The <a href="/wiki/Fellah" title="Fellah">fellahin</a> were wary of registering their names for fear of military conscription by the Ottoman state and instead entrusted various elite clans with the role of landlords, who were in effect absentee owners. This altered the area's social structure, with the Samara, al-Hajj Ibrahim and Hanun clans legally obtaining vast swathes of Tulkarm's lands. Leadership of the town's two main religious establishments were generally supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Kur,_Tulkarm" title="Kur, Tulkarm">Kur</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Jayyusi_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayyusi clan">Jayyusi clan</a> and the al-Barqawi clan of <a href="/wiki/Shufa,_Tulkarm" title="Shufa, Tulkarm">Shufa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Barqawi clan controlled the area around the town in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1860s French explorer <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Victor Guérin</a> visited Tulkarm, which he described as being of "considerable" size, with about 1,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Guerin353_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerin353-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, the Ottoman authorities granted the village an agricultural plot of land called Ghabat Tulkarm in the former confines of the Forest of Arsur (Ar. Al-Ghaba) in the coastal plain, west of the village.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg/250px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg/500px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Old City of Tulkarm</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1882 the <i>Survey of Western Palestine</i> described Tulkarm as a "long straggling village, on high ground", surrounded by arable land and rock. There were several "good-sized" houses, mainly of stone in the village.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tulkarm became the administrative center of a new subdistrict (<i><a href="/wiki/Qada%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Qada'">qada'</a></i>) Bani Saʿb-Tulkarm in 1876,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later becoming a municipality in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-Thawab31_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thawab31-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tulkarm was also appointed a governor, bringing the residents who numbered only a few thousand and who were mostly <i><a href="/wiki/Fellahin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellahin">fellahin</a></i>, closer to the central government. This elevated status gave Tulkarm precedence over the nearby villages, which at that time also included <a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a>. Tulkarm's center shifted from the Old Mosque to an empty space in the northwest as the town expanded northward with the construction of government buildings, a post office, a school and a hospital in that area.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the turn of the 20th century, Tulkarm was one of the villages in which the Hannun family owned extensive estates. The Hannuns fostered close ties with clans in the village.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1908, Tulkarm became a major rail junction on the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a> line running up from <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_British" title="History of Egypt under the British">Egypt</a> and southern Palestine to <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> in the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a> to the east. The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Army">Ottoman Army</a> used Tulkarm as one of its principal bases during the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine campaign</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. It was bombed by British planes carried by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Anne_(1915)" title="HMS Anne (1915)">HMS Anne</a>. In 1918, it was captured by <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SandB_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandB-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_era">British Mandate era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TulkarmRegion1940s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/TulkarmRegion1940s.png/250px-TulkarmRegion1940s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/TulkarmRegion1940s.png/330px-TulkarmRegion1940s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/TulkarmRegion1940s.png/500px-TulkarmRegion1940s.png 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>The region of Tulkarm in the 1940s.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandatory administration</a> (192–1947) in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a> designated Tulkarm as the center of the <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Subdistrict" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulkarm Subdistrict">Tulkarm Subdistrict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischbach494-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, a road was constructed to connect the town with <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a> on the coast. In order to cope with a significant increase in population and unorganized infrastructural development, a civil planning scheme was designed for Tulkarm and its satellite villages in 1945. At the time Tulkarm was divided into four main sections, with the bulk of commercial activity concentrated along the north–south and east–west roads. Meanwhile, the town continued to expand past its northern fringes, which had previously been characterized by green spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tulkarm became a haven for Palestinian Arab rebel activity during the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%9339_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt</a> against British rule in Palestine. General Commander of the Revolt <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_al-Hajj_Muhammad" title="Abd al-Rahim al-Hajj Muhammad">Abd al-Rahim al-Hajj Muhammad</a> hailed from Dhinnaba, today part of Tulkarm municipality, and led many operations in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945 statistics</a> the population of Tulkarm consisted of 8,090; of whom 7,790 were Muslims, 280 Christian and 20 "other",<sup id="cite_ref-1945p22_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1945p22-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a land area of 1,672 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (urban) and 32,610 dunams (rural), according to an official land and population survey.<sup id="cite_ref-Hadawi45_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadawi45-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this, 2,399 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 276 plantations and irrigable land, 28,256 for <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 1,492 dunams were built-up areas.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordanian_rule">Jordanian rule</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, Tulkarm was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">annexed</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a>-held <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a> between Israel and Jordan left roughly 30,000 dunams of Tulkarm's 32,610 dunams of land, mostly agricultural, in Israeli territory. In consequence, many residents moved to <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a> or went abroad in search of employment.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Straddling the armistice line, Tulkarm was cut off from nearby Arab towns. Its principal economic and social connection was with Nablus.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Camp" title="Tulkarm Camp">Tulkarm Camp</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> in the city, comprising an area of 0.18 square kilometres (0.07 sq mi). Most of the refugees who resided in the camp came from <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_(modern_town)" title="Caesarea (modern town)">Caesarea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>. Today it is the second largest <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee camp">Palestinian refugee camp</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A period of significant municipal expansion began in Tulkarm after a new civil development scheme was authorized in 1961. As part of this plan, in 1963, the hamlet of Jarrad in the southeast and other lands in the northeast (total of 1.8 square km) were annexed to the city, while the eastern village of <a href="/wiki/Dhinnaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhinnaba">Dhinnaba</a> was incorporated into the municipality in 1964, adding another 0.75 square kilometres (0.29 sq mi) of territory. The village of <a href="/wiki/Shuweika" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuweika">Shuweika</a> to the north and the smaller village of <a href="/wiki/Irtah" class="mw-redirect" title="Irtah">Irtah</a> to the south were annexed in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Thawab37_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thawab37-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_period">Contemporary period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg/220px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg/330px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg/440px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Tulkarm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>2018 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations</a> map of the area, showing the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a> arrangements.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, Tulkarm has been under <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischbach494-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Governorate" title="Israeli Military Governorate">military government</a> governed Tulkarm until transfer in 1982 to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a>. </p><p>During the early months of the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>, 16 May 1989, Muhammad As'ad Fokhah, 50 years old, from Shuweika, died in <a href="/wiki/Megiddo_prison" title="Megiddo prison">Megiddo prison</a> after a three-day hunger strike. <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> reported to a Member of <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> that Fokhah died of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a> and that the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defence Force">military</a> investigation found that prison staff had acted in accordance with orders.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), control of Tulkarm was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> (PNA) on 10 December 1995, becoming the third Palestinian city from which Israeli forces withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischbach494-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>, Israel temporarily reoccupied Tulkarm. Israeli military administration over Tulkarm ended in 2005, when control of the city was handed back to the PNA.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon assuming control of the city, the PNA instituted new weapons restrictions limiting militants to a single registered weapon that may not be loaded or carried in public.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 October 2023, the IDF <a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Gaza war">entered the city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2024, Israeli bulldozers destroyed miles of the city, including homes, businesses and infrastructure; Israeli soldiers blocked emergency responders from assisting residents. News reports include videos of this attack, as well as assertions by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> that it is rooting out terrorism; and that it "undertakes all feasible precautions to avoid damaging essential infrastructure," while acknowledging that these "operations in the area have caused unavoidable harm to certain civilian structures."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <p>The city is situated on the western edge of northern West Bank, about 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> further southwest of <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> and 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) east of the Israeli coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>. It is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">1948 ceasefire line</a>, with Israel's <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa Districts</a> to the west, and Palestine's <a href="/wiki/Qalqilya_Governorate" title="Qalqilya Governorate">Qalqilya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramallah_and_al-Bireh_Governorate" title="Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate">Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorates</a> to the south. Its central location between a plain and a mountain has made it commercially and strategically significant and has had a great impact on its growth. In the past, Tulkarm was a caravan station and a trading center for products from the city's surrounding villages and farms, as well as a point from which armies crossed to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant (al-Sham)</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tulkarm is at the crossroads of three historically important arteries: A road which runs north from the <a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a> area along the edge of the coastal plain to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Carmel, Israel">Mount Carmel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilboa" title="Mount Gilboa">Mount Gilboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, a road which winds northward along the outer tier of hills from the <a href="/wiki/Ajalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajalon">Ajalon</a> valley to the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a>, and a road that rises from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> at modern-day Netanya east to Nablus. In the past it was a junction of the coastal railroad from north of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and a branch of the narrow gauge <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_railway" title="Hejaz railway">Hejaz railway</a> to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:15px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1548</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,040<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1596</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">968<sup id="cite_ref-JQ_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JQ-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1860s</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Estimate</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,000<sup id="cite_ref-Guerin353_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guerin353-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1922</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">3,350<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922A_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922A-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1931</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,540<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1945</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">8,090<sup id="cite_ref-1945p22_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1945p22-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hadawi77_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadawi77-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1961</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">11,401<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1967</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">20,002<sup id="cite_ref-1967Census_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1967Census-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td>1997</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">39,805 (with Camp)<sup id="cite_ref-PCBSRefugees_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBSRefugees-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:violet;"> <td>2007</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">61,941<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS2007_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS2007-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:violet;"> <td>2017</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Census</td> <td style="text-align:center;">64,532<sup id="cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandate</a> authorities, Tulkarm had a population of 3,350 (3,109 Muslims, 208 Christians, 23 Jews, eight <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baha'i</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922A_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922A-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a>, Tulkarm had a population of 4,827 (4,540 Muslims, 255 Christians, 18 Jews, six Samaritans, and one Druze) with 541 in nearby suburbs (516 Muslims, 15 Jews, and 10 Christians).<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The village statistics of 1938 list Tulkarm's population as 5,700 with 629 in nearby suburbs (including 17 Jews).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">village statistics of 1945</a> list the population as 8,090 (7,790 Muslims, 280 Christians, and 20 "other").<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The populations of Tulkarm, Dhinnaba, Shuweika and Irtah steadily increased by an average of 2% annually between 1931 and 1961, with a drastic increase after the 1948 War as the area experienced an influx of Palestinian refugees. The Jews presumably left/fled during the war. Following the 1967 War, the population saw a temporary decrease as some residents fled to Jordan. In the 1967 census by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> the population of Tulkarm city was recorded as 10,255, Tulkarm Camp as 5,020, Dhinnaba as 1,342, Irtah as 925, Shuweika as 2,332 and Khirbet Jarrad as 128, a total of 20,002.<sup id="cite_ref-1967Census_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1967Census-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the inhabitants were Muslims, although there was a community of 103 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christians</a> according to the census.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first census by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS) in 1997, Tulkarm had a population of 33,921 and the <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Camp" title="Tulkarm Camp">Tulkarm Refugee Camp</a> had a population of 5,884. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> made up 31.4% of the city's residents and 94% of the camp's inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-PCBSRefugees_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBSRefugees-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sex ratio for the city was 50.7% male and 49.3% female. Over half (52.2%) of the city's population was under the age of 20, 44.5% were between the ages of 20 and 64 and 4.1% were over the age of 64.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2007 PCBS census Tulkarm's population grew to 51,300 while the camp's increased to 10,641. The sex ratio for the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS2007_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS2007-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG/250px-Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG/330px-Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG/500px-Church_in_Tulkarem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4298" data-file-height="2866" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George_(Tulkarm)" title="Church of Saint George (Tulkarm)">Church of Saint George, Tulkarm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Today the population is almost entirely Muslim. Prior to Israel's occupation of the city in 1967, there were an estimated 1,000 Christians living in Tulkarm, but roughly half of the community emigrated in the aftermath of the war, while most of the remaining Christians gradually emigrated afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-CMC_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMC-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two Christian families who continue to live in Tulkarm,<sup id="cite_ref-CMC_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMC-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who are part of the same extended family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOX_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOX-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George_(Tulkarm)" title="Church of Saint George (Tulkarm)">Greek Orthodox church</a> in the city dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George_(Tulkarm)" title="Church of Saint George (Tulkarm)">St. George</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CMC_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMC-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built in the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOX_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOX-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The church is active and opens for visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-CMC_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMC-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> <p>The climate of Tulkarm is <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> as the area surrounding it, with rainfall limited to the winter. The average temperature in the winter ranges from 8 to 16 °C (46 to 61 °F), while the average temperature in the summer ranges from 17 to 30 °C (63 to 86 °F). Tulkarm is distinguished by the moderating effect the <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a> has on its climate because of its location in the mountains. The average temperature does not exceed 27 °C (81 °F) in August, while February's average temperature does not fall below 13.5 °C (56 °F). Humidity is moderate in summer, about 40-70%, though it rises in winter to between 70 and 85%. Tulkarm receives in excess of 550 millimeters (22 in) of rain yearly, which is dispersed and intermittent, characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tulkarm </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8103; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.76<br />(72.97) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.54<br />(59.97) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">124.9<br />(4.92) </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">92.2<br />(3.63) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8<br />(2.08) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(0.93) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(0.09) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(0.05) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(1.10) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4<br />(3.05) </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">135.5<br />(5.33) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">538.3<br />(21.19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Israel Meteorological Service<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>The rainy season starts in October and continues through May. Between December and February, almost 70% of annual rainfall occurs, while 20% of annual rainfall occurs in October and November. Rain in June and September is rare and comes to negligible amounts. July and August have no rain at all, except for one rainfall of 1.5 millimeters (0.059 in) on July 10, 1995, in Tulkarm city (Tulkarm Agricultural Department). The mean annual rainfall in the city of Tulkarm is 642 millimeters (25.3 in) for the period from 1952 to 1995 (Tulkarm Agricultural Department). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg/250px-%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg/330px-%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg/500px-%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Market in Tulkarm</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the 1948 War, Tulkarm had a major agricultural sector, with grain, olives and fruits, especially watermelons, being the major crops cultivated by in the town's lands.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischbach494-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptuk2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptuk2.jpg/250px-Ptuk2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptuk2.jpg/330px-Ptuk2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ptuk2.jpg/500px-Ptuk2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/An-Najah_National_University" title="An-Najah National University">An-Najah National University</a> (Tulkarm branch)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Technical_University_-_Kadoorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Technical University - Kadoorie">Palestinian Technical University - Kadoorie</a> which is the sole governmental university in Palestine, was established as an agricultural college in Tulkarem during the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a> by an endowment from the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Jews">Iraqi-born Jewish</a> philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Kadoorie" title="Ellis Kadoorie">J.S. Kadoorie</a> in 1930 and then became a university in 2007. Other institutions of higher learning include <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Open_University" title="Al-Quds Open University">Al-Quds Open University</a> and two campuses of <a href="/wiki/An-Najah_National_University" title="An-Najah National University">An-Najah National University</a>. </p><p>There are seven high schools in Tulkarm, three for girls (al-Adawiah,<sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jamal Abd al-Nasser,<sup id="cite_ref-Suleiman_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suleiman-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Al-Khawaja) and three for boys (al-Fadilia,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ihsan Samara, and Adnan Sefareni) and a vocational school for both genders. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptuk5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ptuk5.jpg/250px-Ptuk5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ptuk5.jpg/330px-Ptuk5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ptuk5.jpg/500px-Ptuk5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Technical_University_%E2%80%93_Kadoorie" title="Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie">Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg/250px-Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg/330px-Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg/500px-Fadhiliya_School_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Fadhiliya School</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 24, 2016, the PA named a school in Tulkarem after <a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a>. Tulkarem governor Issam Abu Bakr said that the school was named after “martyr Salah Khalaf in order to commemorate the memory of this great national fighter”.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">traditional costumes</a> of women from Tulkarm were plain, dark-colored gowns with or without embroidery, as most rural women were from the north of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, embroidery is the main source of income for the women of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-SandB_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandB-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most popular embroidered images are maps of historic Palestine. The Palestinian dish <a href="/wiki/Musakhan" title="Musakhan">musakhan</a> is popular in the city. Tulkarm shares many of its cultural features with neighboring <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qalqilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalqilia">Qalqilia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SandB_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandB-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Tulkarm amusement park called Mega Land attracts tens of thousands of visitors on Muslim holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <p>Tulkarm has 2 semi-professional soccer teams; <a href="/wiki/Thaqafi_Tulkarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaqafi Tulkarm">Thaqafi Tulkarm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Markez_Shabab_Tulkarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Markez Shabab Tulkarm">Markez Shabab Tulkarm</a>. Both are in the Palestinian League Division One. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_Alsarghali" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanaa Alsarghali">Sanaa Alsarghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Salma" title="Abu Salma">Abu Salma</a> (1909–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Al-Ashqar" title="Akram Al-Ashqar">Akram Al-Ashqar</a>, film maker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_Akurgal" title="Ekrem Akurgal">Ekrem Akurgal</a>, Turkish archaeologist born in 1911 in Tulkarm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Abu_Toameh" title="Khaled Abu Toameh">Khaled Abu Toameh</a>, Palestinian Israeli-Arab Muslim journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27i_al-Karmi" title="Mar'i al-Karmi">Mar'i al-Karmi</a> (1580–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Al-Karmi" title="Mahmoud Al-Karmi">Mahmoud Al-Karmi</a> (1889–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Karmi" title="Hasan Karmi">Hasan Karmi</a> (1905–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Ghani_Al-Karmi" title="Abdul-Ghani Al-Karmi">Abdul-Ghani Al-Karmi</a> (1906–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilmi_Hanoun" title="Hilmi Hanoun">Hilmi Hanoun</a> (1913–2001), long-term mayor of Tulkarm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuhair_Al-Karmi" title="Zuhair Al-Karmi">Zuhair Al-Karmi</a> (1921–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Nayfeh" title="Ameen Nayfeh">Ameen Nayfeh</a>, film maker and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Lotfi" title="Bassam Lotfi">Bassam Lotfi</a> (1940-2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaa_Shreiteh" title="Alaa Shreiteh">Alaa Shreiteh</a> (1979–2024)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Brigade" title="Tulkarm Brigade">Tulkarm Brigade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf">Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS) (Report). <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">State of 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February 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">64–</span>82<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Results+of+the+Population%2C+Housing+and+Establishments+Census%2C+2017&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.pub=State+of+Palestine&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2FDownloads%2Fbook2364-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer194-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer194_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer194_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, 1881, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/194/mode/1up">194</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Lane" title="Edward William Lane">Edward William Lane</a>, An Arabic–English Lexicon, vols. 6–8 ed. by Stanley Lane-Poole, 8 vols. (London: Williams and Norgate, 1863–93).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Carta's Official Guid to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land</i>. 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D.H.Kellner. p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karmon, 1960, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">170</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">Archived</a> 2019-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doumani, 1995, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guerin353-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guerin353_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guerin353_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guérin, 1875, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n378/mode/1up">353</a>-354</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marom, Roy, "The Contribution of Conder's Tent Work in Palestine for the Understanding of Shifting Geographical, Social and Legal Realities in the Sharon during the Late Ottoman Period", in Gurevich D. and Kidron, A. (eds.), <i>Exploring the Holy Land: 150 Years of the Palestine Exploration Fund</i>, Sheffield, UK, Equinox (2019), pp. 212-231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarom2022" class="citation web cs1">Marom, Roy (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pc5867s">"The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies, Muse 5"</a>. <i>escholarship.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=escholarship.org&rft.atitle=The+Oak+Forest+of+the+Sharon+%28al-Ghaba%29+in+the+Ottoman+Period%3A+New+Insights+from+Historical-+Geographical+Studies%2C+Muse+5&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Marom&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F2pc5867s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/161/mode/1up">161</a>-162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFarid_Al-Salim2015" class="citation book cs1">Farid Al-Salim (2015). <i>Palestine and the Decline of the Ottoman Empire: Modernization and the Path to Palestinian Statehood</i>. 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Med Corporation. pp. 3-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischbach494-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischbach494_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischbach 2005, p. 494.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thawaba, 2009, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeVineNimr2012" class="citation book cs1">LeVine, Mark Andrew; Nimr, Sonia (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WOhmuwKNMk4C&q=second+battle+of+bala"><i>Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520262539" title="Special:BookSources/9780520262539"><bdi>9780520262539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggle+and+Survival+in+Palestine%2FIsrael&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E149&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780520262539&rft.aulast=LeVine&rft.aufirst=Mark+Andrew&rft.au=Nimr%2C+Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWOhmuwKNMk4C%26q%3Dsecond%2Bbattle%2Bof%2Bbala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1945p22-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1945p22_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1945p22_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p22.jpg">22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hadawi45-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi45_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tulkarm/Page-077.jpg">77</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Tulkarm/Page-128.jpg">128</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Tulkarm/Page-178.jpg">178</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">name="Fischbach494"/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thawaba, 2009, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=122">Tulkarm Refugee Camp</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency">United Nations Relief and Works Agency</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thawab37-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thawab37_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thawaba, 2009, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmor, Ronny (translated by Ralph Mandel) (1990) <i>The Use of Firearms - By the Security Forces in the Occupied Territories.</i> <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files2/publication/199007_use_of_firearms_eng.doc">download</a> pp. 76, 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610090028/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-106159923.html">Israel to hand over control of Jericho, Tulkarm in first West Bank transfers to Palestinians</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4370813.stm">Israeli troops hand over Tulkarm</a>, bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/9-more-palestinians-killed-by-israeli-army-in-west-bank-bringing-death-toll-to-77/3026271">"9 more Palestinians killed by Israeli army in West Bank, bringing death toll to 77"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">Anadolu Agency</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021004135/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/9-more-palestinians-killed-by-israeli-army-in-west-bank-bringing-death-toll-to-77/3026271">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Agency&rft.atitle=9+more+Palestinians+killed+by+Israeli+army+in+West+Bank%2C+bringing+death+toll+to+77&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F9-more-palestinians-killed-by-israeli-army-in-west-bank-bringing-death-toll-to-77%2F3026271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSolomonLeatherbyToler2024" class="citation news cs1">Solomon, Erika; Leatherby, Lauren; Toler, Aric (September 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/25/world/middleeast/west-bank-raids.html">"Israeli Bulldozers Flatten Mile After Mile in the West Bank"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israeli+Bulldozers+Flatten+Mile+After+Mile+in+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2024-09-28&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft.au=Leatherby%2C+Lauren&rft.au=Toler%2C+Aric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F25%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fwest-bank-raids.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922A-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1922A_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1922A_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n8/mode/1up">6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 1932, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">58</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hadawi77-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi77_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tulkarm/Page-077.jpg">77</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Jordan, 1964, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p13.pdf">13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1967Census-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1967Census_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1967Census_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf">"Households and Persons, By Residence, Sex, Age And Origin From Israel Territory and Locality"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (CBS). 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Households+and+Persons%2C+By+Residence%2C+Sex%2C+Age+And+Origin+From+Israel+Territory+and+Locality&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28CBS%29&rft.date=1967&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levyinstitute.org%2Fpubs%2F1967_census%2Fvol_1_tab_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBSRefugees-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCBSRefugees_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBSRefugees_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207051850/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/tul_t6.aspx">"Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/tul_t6.aspx">the original</a> on February 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Population+by+Locality+and+Refugee+Status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2FPortals%2F_pcbs%2Fphc_97%2Ftul_t6.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span>. 1997 Census. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS). 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBS2007-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS2007_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCBS2007_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081942/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf">"Table 26 (Cont.): Localities in the West Bank by Selected Indicators, 2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a>. 2007. p. 108. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+26+%28Cont.%29%3A+Localities+in+the+West+Bank+by+Selected+Indicators%2C+2007&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Palestinian+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcbs.gov.ps%2FPortals%2F_PCBS%2FDownloads%2Fbook1487.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf"><i>Village Statistics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1938. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1938orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf"><i>Village Statistics</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1945. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusers.cecs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FVillageStatistics1945orig.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf">"The Christians, By Sex and Locality (Only Localities With At Least 20 Christians) Locality"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (CBS). 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Christians%2C+By+Sex+and+Locality+%28Only+Localities+With+At+Least+20+Christians%29+Locality&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28CBS%29&rft.date=1967&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levyinstitute.org%2Fpubs%2F1967_census%2Fvol_1_tab_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212051300/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/tul_t1.aspx">"Palestinian Population by Locality, Sex and Age Groups in Years"</a>. 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Christian Media Center - Custodia Terra Sanctae. 2015-08-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Christian+families+in+Tulkarem&rft.pub=Christian+Media+Center+-+Custodia+Terra+Sanctae&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcmc-terrasanta.com%2Fen%2Fvideo%2Ftwo-christian-families-in-tulkarem-9152.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOX-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOX_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOX_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/west-bank-churches-burned-in-light-of-muslim-anger-over-papal-comments">West Bank Churches Burned in Light of Muslim Anger Over Papal Comments</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FOX_News" class="mw-redirect" title="FOX News">FOX News</a></i>, Originally published by <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. 2006-09-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronicintifada.net/content/pchr-condemns-attacks-palestinian-churches/2788">PCHR Condemns Attacks on Palestinian Churches</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Center_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Center for Human Rights">Palestinian Center for Human Rights</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Intifada">Electronic Intifada</a></i>. 2006-09-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010915/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">"Averages and Records for Tel Aviv (Precipitation, Temperature and Records [Excluding February and May] written in the page)"</a>. 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New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-5764-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-5764-8"><bdi>0-8160-5764-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tulkarm&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Palestinians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=494&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8160-5764-8&rft.aulast=Fischbach&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Jordan,_Department_of_Statistics1964" class="citation book cs1">Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf"><i>First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Census+of+Population+and+Housing.+Volume+I%3A+Final+Tables%3B+General+Characteristics+of+the+Population&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Government+of+Jordan%2C+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FJordanCensus1961bits.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Palestine,_Department_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Government+of+Palestine%2C+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptiongogr04gugoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Center&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2"><bdi>3-920405-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=3-920405-41-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarmon,_Y.1960" class="citation journal cs1">Karmon, Y. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Exploration_Journal" title="Israel Exploration Journal">Israel Exploration Journal</a></i>. <b>10</b> (3, 4): <span class="nowrap">155–</span>173, <span class="nowrap">244–</span>253. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2019-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Jacotin%27s+Map+of+Palestine&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3%2C+4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E173%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E244-%3C%2Fspan%3E253&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Karmon%2C+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jchp.ucla.edu%2FBibliography%2FKarmon%2C_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_%28IEJ_10%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMills._E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills. E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Arabic+and+English+Name+Lists+Collected+During+the+Survey+by+Lieutenants+Conder+and+Kitchener%2C+R.+E.+Transliterated+and+Explained+by+E.H.+Palmer&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThawaba2009" class="citation journal cs1">Thawaba, Salem (2009). "Urban growth of a city under siege: Tulkarm, Palestine over the past century". <i>Journal of Planning History</i>. <b>28</b>: <span class="nowrap">27–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1538513208327682">10.1177/1538513208327682</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145142269">145142269</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Planning+History&rft.atitle=Urban+growth+of+a+city+under+siege%3A+Tulkarm%2C+Palestine+over+the+past+century&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1538513208327682&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145142269%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thawaba&rft.aufirst=Salem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATulkarm" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Tulkarm_R_C__2322/index.html">Welcome To Tulkarm R.C.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welcometopalestine.com/destinations/tulkarem/tulkarem-city/">Tulkarem City</a>, Welcome to Palestine</li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8373">IAA</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.11.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li> <li>Al-Salim, Farid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemquarterly.org/ViewArticle.aspx?id=387">Tulkarm Landed Property and Elite Conflict in Ottoman Tulkarm</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Quarterly">Jerusalem Quarterly</a></i>.</li> <li>Official website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tulkarm.org">www.tulkarm.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216130437/http://www.tulkarm.org/">Archived</a> 2022-02-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtulkarm.com/">www.mtulkarm.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tulkarm</a> <small>(Includes neighborhoods: <a href="/wiki/Dhinnaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhinnaba">Dhinnaba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irtah" class="mw-redirect" title="Irtah">Irtah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shweikhah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shweikhah">Shweikhah</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governate_of_Toulkarem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tulkarm Governorate"><img alt="Tulkarm Governorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Governate_of_Toulkarem.png/50px-Governate_of_Toulkarem.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Governate_of_Toulkarem.png/75px-Governate_of_Toulkarem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Governate_of_Toulkarem.png/100px-Governate_of_Toulkarem.png 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/120px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabta" title="Anabta">Anabta</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Kafr_Rumman" title="Kafr Rumman">Kafr Rumman</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attil" title="Attil">Attil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%27a" title="Bal'a">Bal'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_ash-Sharqiyya" title="Baqa ash-Sharqiyya">Baqa ash-Sharqiyya</a> <small>(Nazlat Abu Nar • <a href="/wiki/An-Nazla_al-Gharbiya" title="An-Nazla al-Gharbiya">an-Nazla al-Gharbiya</a> • <a href="/wiki/An-Nazla_ash-Sharqiya" title="An-Nazla ash-Sharqiya">an-Nazla ash-Sharqiya</a> • <a href="/wiki/An-Nazla_al-Wusta" title="An-Nazla al-Wusta">an-Nazla al-Wusta</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lid" title="Beit Lid">Beit Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Ghusun" title="Deir al-Ghusun">Deir al-Ghusun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illar,_Tulkarm" title="Illar, Tulkarm">'Illar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_al-Labad" title="Kafr al-Labad">Kafr al-Labad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaffin" title="Qaffin">Qaffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeita,_Tulkarm" title="Zeita, Tulkarm">Zeita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_council_(Palestinian_Authority)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village council (Palestinian Authority)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far%27un" title="Far'un">Far'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iktaba" title="Iktaba">Iktaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izbat_Shufa" title="Izbat Shufa">Izbat Shufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jarushiya" title="Al-Jarushiya">Al Jarushiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Abbush" title="Kafr Abbush">Kafr Abbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Jammal" title="Kafr Jammal">Kafr Jammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Sur" title="Kafr Sur">Kafr Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Zibad" title="Kafr Zibad">Kafr Zibad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kur,_Tulkarm" title="Kur, Tulkarm">Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazlat_%27Isa" title="Nazlat 'Isa">Nazlat 'Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramin,_Tulkarm" title="Ramin, Tulkarm">Ramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ras,_Tulkarm" title="Al-Ras, Tulkarm">al-Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarin" title="Saffarin">Saffarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seida,_Tulkarm" title="Seida, Tulkarm">Seida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shufa,_Tulkarm" title="Shufa, Tulkarm">Shufa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Shams,_Tulkarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur Shams, Tulkarm">Nur Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulkarm camp">Tulkarm camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine277" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template talk:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine277" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a> administered by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">State of Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Jenin" title="Arraba, Jenin">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Na%27im" title="Bani Na'im">Bani Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ummar" title="Beit Ummar">Beit Ummar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitunia" title="Beitunia">Beitunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dhahiriya" title="Ad-Dhahiriya">ad-Dhahiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura,_Hebron" title="Dura, Hebron">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Eizariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Eizariya">al-Eizariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halhul" title="Halhul">Halhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idna" title="Idna">Idna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabatiya" title="Qabatiya">Qabatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawabi" title="Rawabi">Rawabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ir" title="Sa'ir">Sa'ir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfit" title="Salfit">Salfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Samu" title="As-Samu">as-Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarqumiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarqumiya">Tarqumiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubas_(city)" title="Tubas (city)">Tubas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27bad" title="Ya'bad">Ya'bad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yamun" title="Al-Yamun">al-Yamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatta,_Hebron" title="Yatta, Hebron">Yatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a><sup>*</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abasan_al-Kabira" title="Abasan al-Kabira">Abasan al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahia" title="Beit Lahia">Beit Lahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zawayda" title="Az-Zawayda">az-Zawayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>*</sup>From 14 June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_under_Hamas" title="Gaza Strip under Hamas">Hamas governance</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985531#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1840" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985531#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1840" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985531#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ṭūlkarm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265670887">VIAF</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tul Karm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1038159474196127661273">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="West Bank--Ṭūlkarm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1254970/">FAST</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tulkarm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRQxpkckgrVrf68x8wG3">WorldCat</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tulkarm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4229569-5">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ṭūlkarm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88251528">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564918505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulkarm&oldid=1282040064">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulkarm&oldid=1282040064</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tulkarm_Governorate" title="Category:Tulkarm Governorate">Tulkarm 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