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T. E. Hulme - Wikipedia

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E. Hulme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Hulme" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._E._Hulme" title="T. E. Hulme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="T. E. Hulme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._E._%ED%9D%84" title="T. E. 흄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="T. E. 흄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Ernest_Hulme" title="Thomas Ernest Hulme – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thomas Ernest Hulme" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Ernest_Hulme" title="Thomas Ernest Hulme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Ernest Hulme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%89._%D8%A7%D9%89._%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85" title="تى. اى. هولم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تى. اى. هولم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="トーマス・アーネスト・ヒューム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トーマス・アーネスト・ヒューム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.E._Hulme" title="T.E. Hulme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="T.E. Hulme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Ernest_Hulme" title="Thomas Ernest Hulme – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Ernest Hulme" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._E._Hulme" title="T. E. Hulme – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="T. E. Hulme" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BC,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Хьюм, Томас Эрнест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хьюм, Томас Эрнест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._E._Hulme" title="T. E. Hulme – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="T. E. Hulme" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.E._Hulme" title="T.E. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">T. E. Hulme</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:T.E._Hulme_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="T.E. Hulme in 1912"><img alt="T.E. Hulme in 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/T.E._Hulme_1912.jpg/220px-T.E._Hulme_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/T.E._Hulme_1912.jpg/330px-T.E._Hulme_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/T.E._Hulme_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="584" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">T.E. Hulme in 1912</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Thomas Ernest Hulme<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-09-16</span>)</span>16 September 1883<br /><a href="/wiki/Endon" title="Endon">Endon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">28 September 1917<span style="display:none">(1917-09-28)</span> (aged&#160;34)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oostduinkerke" title="Oostduinkerke">Oostduinkerke</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, Belgium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poet, critic</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Ernest Hulme</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="&#39;h&#39; in &#39;hi&#39;">h</span><span title="/j/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;yes&#39;">j</span><span title="/uː/: &#39;oo&#39; in &#39;goose&#39;">uː</span><span title="&#39;m&#39; in &#39;my&#39;">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; 16 September 1883 &#8211; 28 September 1917) was an English critic and poet who, through his writings on art, literature and politics, had a notable influence upon <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was an aesthetic philosopher and the 'father of imagism'.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thomas Ernest Hulme — called "Ernest" by his family — was born at Gratton Hall, <a href="/wiki/Endon" title="Endon">Endon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, the son of Thomas Hulme and Mary, née Young. Thomas attempted farming, but "the life proved too strenuous" for him; when his son was still young the family relocated to a house on Endon Bank, and Thomas went into business for a time as an auctioneer and sales agent before starting up a ceramics transfer business operating from a factory in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a>. Thomas was "a remote and hard man" with an "explosive temper", but it was Mary Hulme that was "the disciplinarian in the family... a spirited, independent woman with a good sense of humour and a command of repartee." Thomas Hulme's father, also Thomas, who lived at nearby Dunwood Hall, was a successful pawnbroker whose death in 1884 "left his family well provided for". The Hulmes were wealthy; they "had chauffeurs and gardeners at Endon Bank, but the family had regional accents rather than Oxbridge accents and there was more social mixing across the classes than was common in the cities."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hulme was educated at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle-under-Lyme_School" title="Newcastle-under-Lyme School">Newcastle-under-Lyme High School</a> and, from 1902, <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John&#39;s College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a>, where he read mathematics, but was sent down in 1904 after rowdy behaviour on <a href="/wiki/Boat_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat Race">Boat Race</a> night.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was thrown out of Cambridge a second time after a scandal involving a <a href="/wiki/Roedean_School" title="Roedean School">Roedean</a> girl. He returned to his studies at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, before travelling around <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and spending time in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> acquiring languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proto-modernist">Proto-modernist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Proto-modernist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bust_of_T._E._Hulme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bust_of_T._E._Hulme.jpg/220px-Bust_of_T._E._Hulme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bust_of_T._E._Hulme.jpg/330px-Bust_of_T._E._Hulme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Bust_of_T._E._Hulme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Bust of T. E. Hulme by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From about 1907 Hulme became interested in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> translating works by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and sitting in on lectures at Cambridge. He translated <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Georges Sorel</a>'s <i>Reflections on Violence</i>. The most important influences on his thought were Bergson, who asserted that 'human experience is relative, but religious and ethical values are absolute'<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Worringer" title="Wilhelm Worringer">Wilhelm Worringer</a> (1881–1965), German art historian and critic – in particular his <i>Abstraktion und Einfühlung</i> (<i>Abstraction and Empathy</i>, 1908).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hulme was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Remy_de_Gourmont" title="Remy de Gourmont">Remy de Gourmont</a>'s aristocratic concept of art and his studies of sensibility and style.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From 1909 Hulme contributed critical articles to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Age" title="The New Age">The New Age</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/A._R._Orage" class="mw-redirect" title="A. R. Orage">A. R. Orage</a>. </p><p>Hulme developed an interest in poetry<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and wrote a small number of poems. He was made secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Club" title="Poets&#39; Club">Poets' Club</a>, attended by such establishment figures as <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Edmund Gosse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Newbolt" title="Henry Newbolt">Henry Newbolt</a>. There he encountered <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> and <a href="/wiki/F._S._Flint" title="F. S. Flint">F. S. Flint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In late 1908 Hulme delivered his paper <i><a href="/wiki/A_Lecture_on_Modern_Poetry" title="A Lecture on Modern Poetry">A Lecture on Modern Poetry</a></i> to the club. Hulme's poems "Autumn" and "A City Sunset", both published in 1909 in a Poets' Club anthology,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> have the distinction of being the first <a href="/wiki/Imagist" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagist">Imagist</a> poems.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A further five poems were published in <i>The New Age</i> in 1912 as <i>The Complete Poetical Works of T. E. Hulme</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite this misleading title, Hulme in fact wrote about 25 poems totalling some 260 lines, of which the majority were possibly written between 1908 and 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a> met Hulme in 1913 and was influenced by his ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The publisher of the book 'Ripostes' (to which Pound appended the 'complete' poetical works of T. E. Hulme) spoke in that book of Hulme 'the meta-physician, who achieves great rhythmical beauty in curious verse-forms.'<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his critical writings Hulme distinguished between <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a style informed by a belief in the infinite in man and nature, characterised by Hulme as "spilt religion", and <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a>, a mode of art stressing human finitude, formal restraint, concrete imagery and, in Hulme's words, "dry hardness".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Similar views were later expressed by <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hulme's ides had a major effect on <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis" title="Wyndham Lewis">Wyndham Lewis</a> and for a time the two were friends, later coming to blows over <a href="/wiki/Kate_Lechmere" title="Kate Lechmere">Kate Lechmere</a>, Lewis ending up the worse during this encounter which ended when Hulme hung Lewis upside down by the cuffs of his trousers from the railings of Great Ormond Street.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He championed the art of <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bomberg" title="David Bomberg">David Bomberg</a>, was a friend of <a href="/wiki/Gaudier-Brzeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaudier-Brzeska">Gaudier-Brzeska</a>, and was in on the debut of Lewis's <a href="/wiki/Literary_magazine" title="Literary magazine">literary magazine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/BLAST_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="BLAST (magazine)">BLAST</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">vorticism</a>. </p><p>Hulme's politics were conservative, and he moved further to the right after 1911 as a result of contact with <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lasserre" title="Pierre Lasserre">Pierre Lasserre</a>, who was associated with <i><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hulme_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hulme_1.jpg/180px-Hulme_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hulme_1.jpg/270px-Hulme_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hulme_1.jpg/360px-Hulme_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="829" /></a><figcaption>Lieut. T. E. Hulme in uniform</figcaption></figure> <p>Hulme volunteered as an artilleryman in 1914 and served with the <a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marine_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Marine Artillery">Royal Marine Artillery</a> in France and Belgium. He kept up his writing for <i>The New Age</i>. Notable publications during this period for that magazine were "War Notes", written under the pen name "North Staffs", and "A Notebook", which contains some of his most organised critical writing. He was wounded in 1916. Back at the front in 1917, he was killed by a shell at <a href="/wiki/Oostduinkerke" title="Oostduinkerke">Oostduinkerke</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium" title="Nieuwpoort, Belgium">Nieuwpoort</a>, in <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>. </p> <blockquote><p>[...] On 28 September 1917, four days after his thirty-fourth birthday, Hulme suffered a direct hit from a large shell which literally blew him to pieces. Apparently absorbed in some thought of his own he had failed to hear it coming and remained standing while those around threw themselves flat on the ground. What was left of him was buried in the Military Cemetery at Koksijde, West-Vlaanderen, in Belgium where—no doubt for want of space—he is described simply as 'One of the <a href="/wiki/War_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="War poet">War poets</a>'."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002101343">Notes on Language and Style</a></i> (1929, University of Washington Book Store); in <i>The Criterion</i>, Vol. 3, No. 12, (July 1925) (ed. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Herbert Read</a>)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/speculations031991mbp#page/n7/mode/2up">Speculations: Essays on Humanism and the Philosophy of Art</a></i> (1936, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner &amp; Co., Ltd.), edited by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Herbert Read</a></li> <li><i>Further Speculations of T. E. Hulme</i> (1955, University of Minnesota), edited by Samuel Hynes</li> <li><i>The Collected Writings of T. E. Hulme</i> (1996, OUP), edited by Karen Csengeri</li> <li><i>Selected Writings of T. E. Hulme</i> (2003, Fyfield Books), edited by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGuinness" title="Patrick McGuinness">Patrick McGuinness</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_poems">Selected poems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Selected poems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Above the Dock</i></li> <li><i>Autumn</i></li> <li><i>A City Sunset</i></li> <li><i>Conversion</i></li> <li><i>The Embankment</i></li> <li><i>Mana Aboda</i></li> <li><i>The Man in the Crow's Nest</i></li> <li><i>Susan Ann and Immortality</i></li> <li><i>The Poet</i></li> <li><i>A Tall Woman</i></li> <li><i>A Sudden Secret</i></li> <li><i>In the Quiet Land</i></li> <li><i>At Night!</i></li> <li><i>Town Sky-line</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_translator">As translator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: As translator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anintroductiont00berggoog#page/n6/mode/2up">An Introduction to Metaphysics</a></i>, (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Georges Sorel</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/reflectionsonvio00soreuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Reflections on Violence</a></i>, (1915)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813821124077.pdf">"Belated Romanticism,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. IV, No. 17, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813850140028.pdf">"The New Philosophy,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. V, No. 10, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813854359402.pdf">"Bergson and Bax,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. V, No. 13, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813855765498.pdf">"Searchers after Reality: Bax,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. V, No. 14, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813859921538.pdf">"Searchers after Reality: Haldane,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. V, No. 17, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813873906180.pdf">"A Note on 'La Foi',"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. V, No. 27, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813882359770.pdf">"Searchers after Reality: Jules De Gaultier,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. VI, No. 5, 1909.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814020671884.pdf">"Notes on the Bologna Congress,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. VIII, No. 26, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814035452918.pdf">"Bergsonism in Paris,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. IX, No. 8, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814045640662.pdf">"Bax on Bergson,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. IX, No. 14, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814067374528.pdf">"Notes on Bergson,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. IX, No. 25, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814068858843.pdf">"Notes on Bergson II,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. IX, No. 26, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814075253343.pdf">"Mr. Balfour, Bergson, and Politics,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. X, No. 2, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814078171867.pdf">"Notes on Bergson III,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. X, No. 4, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814080982996.pdf">"Notes on Bergson IV,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. X, No. 5, 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814103280675.pdf">"Notes on Bergson V,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. X, No. 17, 1912.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814260105227.pdf">"Mr. Epstein and the Critics,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XIV, No. 8, 1913.</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/poetrydrama02monruoft#page/220/mode/2up">"German Chronicle"</a>, <i>Poetry and Drama</i>, Vol. II, 1914.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814264825325.pdf">"Modern Art: The Grafton Group,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XIV, No. 11, 1914.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814272750182.pdf">"Modern Art: A Preface Note and Neo-Realism,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XIV, No. 15, 1914.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814282682256.pdf">"Modern Art: The London Group,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XIV, No. 21, 1914.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814305338554.pdf">"Modern Art: Mr. David Bomberg's Show,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XV, No. 10, 1914.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814407407178.pdf">"The Translator's Preface to Sorel's 'Reflections on Violence',"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVII, No. 24, 1915.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/114081441344229.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 2, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814414593312.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 3, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814416135741.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 4, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814417688323.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 5, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814417688323.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 5, 1915.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814419280859.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814419280859.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, 1915.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814420885946.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 7, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814420885946.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 7, 1915.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814422405948.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 8, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814422405948.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 8, 1915.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814423948260.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 9, 1915 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814425515174.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 10, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814425515174.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 10, 1916.</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814427108150.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 11, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814428608676.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 12, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814430107749.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 13, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814430107749.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 13, 1916.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814431647554.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 14, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814433249203.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 15, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814433249203.pdf">"A Notebook,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 15, 1916.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814435264528.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 16, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814436853654.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 17, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814438419706.pdf">"War Notes,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XVIII, No. 18, 1916 (as <i>North Staffs</i>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/114081493864707.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 12, 1922.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814939851153.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme: II,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 13, 1922.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814942785387.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme: III,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 15, 1922.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814944246081.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme: IV,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 16, 1922.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814953300596.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme: Bergson's Theory of Art,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 22, 1922.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814954720182.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme: Bergson's Theory of Art, II"</a>, <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 23, 1922.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/1140814956113496.pdf">"The Note-Books of T. E. Hulme: Bergson's Theory of Art, III"</a>, <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXX, No. 24, 1922.</li></ul> <p>&#32; </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Though Ezra Pound coined the word "Imagist" and served as chief publicist for the movement, it was the theories supplied by T. E. Hulme which gave the early Imagist experiments their 'authority and direction.' Both men served their common purpose well; together they called the tune for one of the most lively phases of the prewar poetic renascence. With Hulme as metaphysician and Pound as impresario, the Imagists 'did a lot of useful pioneering work. They dealt a blow at the post-Victorian magazine poets... They livened things up a lot. They made free verse popular... And they tried to attain an exacting if narrow standard of style in poetry.' Indirectly they did more. The Imagists, above all other prewar coteries, put into the hands of the poets of the twenties the technical charts and compasses by which to find their poetic way across the hard dry sands of the Wasteland." — Ross, Robert H. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/backgroundstomod00perrrich#page/38/mode/2up">"Sound and Fury."</a> In: <i>Backgrounds to Modern Literature</i>. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Company, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Glenn, 'Imagism &amp; Imagism', Stanford University Press 1931</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferguson, Robert (2012). <i>The Short Sharp Life of T. E. Hulme</i>. London: Faber &amp; Faber, pp. 1-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In 1902, Hulme won a mathematics exhibition to St. John’s College, Cambridge. A teetotaler himself, Hulme apparently consorted with some who were not. He was at any rate sent down in 1904 for what Herbert Read delicately called "indulging in a brawl". (A college document that might have slipped out of Bertie Wooster’s dossier mentions "over-stepping the limits of the traditional license allowed by the authorities on Boat Race night.")" — Kimball, Roger (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newcriterion.com/articles.cfm/importanceoftehulme-kimball-3385">"The Importance of T. E. Hulme,"</a> <i>The New Criterion</i>, Vol. XV, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mead, Henry (2008). "T. E. Hulme, Bergson, and The New Philosophy," <i>European Journal of English Studies</i>, Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 245–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Matthew (2011). "Contradictory Images: The Conflicting Influences of Henri Bergson and William James on T. E. Hulme, and the Consequences for Imagism," <i>Review of English Studies</i> 62, pp. 275–295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pratt, William (1985). Introduction to <i>The Influence of French Symbolism on Modern American Poetry,</i> by Rene Taupin. New York: AMS Press Inc. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-404-61579-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-404-61579-1">0-404-61579-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Alun R. (1960). "T. E. Hulme, Wilhelm Worringer and the Urge to Abstraction", <i>British Journal of Aesthetics</i>, Vol. I, pp. 1–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burne, Glen S. (1963). <i>Remy de Gourmont: His Ideas &amp; Influence in England &amp; America</i>. Southern Illinois University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It was probably the contrast between the sensory image and a traditional diction that first suggested to T. E. Hulme the isolation of the image. If the image could be identified as the only poetic force within a poem, why not proceed to identify poem and image, as had been the common practice in China or Japan? To cut the cackle – that was to be the first aim of a modern poetry." — Read, Herbert (1955). "The Drift of Modern Poetry," <i>Encounter</i>, Vol. IV, No. 1, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaacs, Jacob (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/backgroundofmode00isaarich#page/34/mode/2up">"The Coming of the Image,"</a> in <i>The Background of Modern Poetry</i>. New York: E. P. Dutton &amp; Co., Inc., pp. 34–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>For Christmas MDCCCCVIII</i> (London: The Poets' Club), 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmidt, Michael (1998). <i>Lives of the Poets</i>. London: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84014-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84014-5">978-0-297-84014-5</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHulme1912" class="citation journal cs1">Hulme, T. E. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/114081409614388.pdf#page=19">"The Complete Poetical Works of T. E. Hulme"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New Age</i>. London: The New Age Press Ltd.: 124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Age&amp;rft.atitle=The+Complete+Poetical+Works+of+T.+E.+Hulme&amp;rft.pages=124&amp;rft.date=1912&amp;rft.aulast=Hulme&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.lib.brown.edu%2Fpdfs%2F114081409614388.pdf%23page%3D19&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+E.+Hulme" class="Z3988"></span> They were reprinted, with a short introduction by Pound, in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ripostesofezrapo00pounrich#page/n5/mode/2up">Ripostes of Ezra Pound: Whereto are Appended the Complete Poetical Works of T. E. Hulme</a></i> (1915). London: Elkin Mathew, pp. 58–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2008" class="citation book cs1">Olsen, Flemming (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&amp;docid=355830#page=124"><i>Between Positivism and T. S. Eliot: Imagism and T.E. Hulme</i></a>. Studies in Literature, Vol. 52. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark. p.&#160;124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-283-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-283-6"><bdi>978-87-7674-283-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Between+Positivism+and+T.+S.+Eliot%3A+Imagism+and+T.E.+Hulme&amp;rft.place=Odense&amp;rft.series=Studies+in+Literature%2C+Vol.+52&amp;rft.pages=124&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Southern+Denmark&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-87-7674-283-6&amp;rft.aulast=Olsen&amp;rft.aufirst=Flemming&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oapen.org%2Fdownload%3Ftype%3Ddocument%26docid%3D355830%23page%3D124&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT.+E.+Hulme" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffman, Tyler (2001). <i>Robert Frost and the Politics of Poetry.</i> University Press of New England, p. 54 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58465-150-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58465-150-4">1-58465-150-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appendix to <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ripostesofezrapo00pounrich#page/n69/mode/2up">Ripostes</a></i>, Stephen Swift &amp; Co., Ltd., 1912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krieger, Murray (1953). "The Ambiguous Anti-Romanticism of T. E. Hulme," <i>ELH</i>, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 300–314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hulme, T. E. (2003). "Romanticism and Classicism." In: <i>Selected Writings.</i> Ed. Patrick McGuinness. New York: Routledge, pp. 68–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hadjiyiannis, Christos (2013). "Romanticism versus Classicism in 1910: T. E. Hulme, Edward Storer and The Commentator," <i>Literature and History</i>, Vol. XXII, No. 1, pp. 25–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The English critic and philosopher T. E. Hulme had written, in the years immediately preceding his death in World War I in 1917, a series of essays in which he attacked the subjectivism and vagueness of romantic literature and advocated "dry and hard" images in poetry as well as objectivity and discipline in art in general. Hulme believed that "man is by nature bad or limited, and can consequently only accomplish anything of value by disciplines, ethical, heroic or political", and he saw one consequence of this belief as an abandonment of romantic optimism about the nature and potentialities of man. Hulme's views influenced T. S. Eliot and are reflected in Eliot's influential essay, <i>Tradition and the Individual Talent</i>, which first appeared in 1917." — Daiches, David (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/timeofharvestam00spil#page/94/mode/2up">"The New uCriticism."</a> In: <i>Time of Harvest, American Literature, 1910–1960</i>. New York: Hill and Wang, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGuinness, Patrick (1998), Ed. <i>T. E. Hulme: Selected Writings</i>. Manchester: Fyfield Books, p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferguson, Robert (2002). <i>The Short Sharp Life of T. E. Hulme</i>. London: Allen Lane, p. 270.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Beasley, Rebecca (2007). <i>Theorists of Modernist Poetry. T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound</i>. London: Routledge.</li> <li>Belgion, Montgomery (1927). "In Memory of T. E. Hulme," <i>The Saturday Review</i>, Vol. IV, No. 10, pp.&#160;154–155.</li> <li>Brookner, Jewel Spears, (1984). <i>T. E. Hulme and Irving Babbitt: An Annotated Bibliography</i>. New York: Garland.</li> <li>Coffman, Stanley K., Jr. (1951). <i>Imagism: A Chapter for the History of Modern Poetry</i>. University of Oklahoma Press.</li> <li>Collin, W. E. (1930). "Beyond Humanism: Some Notes on T. E. Hulme," <i>The Sewanee Review</i>, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp.&#160;332–339.</li> <li>Comentale, Edward P.; Andrzej Gasiorek (2013). <i>T. E. Hulme and the Question of Modernism</i>. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.</li> <li>Csengeri, K. E. (1982). "T. E. Hulme's Borrowings from the French," <i>Comparative Literature</i>, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.&#160;16–27.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot, T. S.</a> (1932). <i>Selected Essays, 1917-1932</i>. London: Faber and Faber.</li> <li>Epstein, Jacob (1955). "T.E. Hulme and his Friends." In: <i>Epstein: An Autobiography</i>. New York: E.P. Dutton &amp; Company, pp.&#160;59–62.</li> <li>Ferguson, Robert (2002). The Short Sharp Life of T. E. Hulme. London: Allen Lane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._S._Flint" title="F. S. Flint">Flint, F. S.</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/130693648162504.pdf">"The History of Imagism,"</a> <i>The Egoist</i>, Vol. II, No. 5, pp.&#160;70–71.</li> <li>Hadjiyiannis, Christos (2013). "Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, Edward Storer: Imagism as Anti-Romanticism in the Pre-Des Imagistes Era". In: <i>Imagism: Essays on its Initiation, Impact and Influence</i>. Ed. John Gery, Daniel Kempton, and H. R. Stoneback, The University of New Orleans Press, pp.&#160;35–46.</li> <li>Harmer, J. B. (1975). <i>Victory in Limbo: Imagism 1908-1917</i>. London: Secker &amp; Warburg.</li> <li>Hoeres, Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichte.uni-wuerzburg.de/fileadmin/05040000/T_E_Hulme.pdf">"T. E. Hulme - Ein konservativer Revolutionär aus England"</a>, in: <i>Zeitschrift für Politik</i>, 50, pp.&#160;187–204.</li> <li>Hughes, Glenn, (1931). <i>Imagism and the Imagists</i>. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press.</li> <li>Jones, Alun (1960). <i>The Life and Opinions of T. E. Hulme</i>. London: Victor Gollancz.</li> <li>Kamerbeek, Jr., J. (1969). "T. E. Hulme and German Philosophy: Dilthey and Scheler," <i>Comparative Literature</i>, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp.&#160;193–212.</li> <li>Kishler, Thomas C. (1976). "Original Sin and T. E. Hulme's Aesthetics," <i>Journal of Aesthetic Education</i>, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.&#160;99–106.</li> <li>Kuhn, Elizabeth (2011). "Toward an Anti-Humanism of Life: The Modernism of Nietzsche, Hulme and Yeats," <i>Journal of Modern Literature</i>, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp.&#160;1–20.</li> <li>Levenson, Michael H. (1984). <i>A Genealogy of Modernism. A Study of English Literary Doctrine 1908-1922</i>. Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Litz, A. Walton (2000). <i>Modernism and the New Criticism</i>. Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Nott, Kathleen (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/emperorsclothes029977mbp#page/n71/mode/2up">"Mr. Hulme's Sloppy Dregs."</a> In: <i>The Emperor Clothes</i>. London: William Heinemann Ltd., pp.&#160;56–104.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Orage" class="mw-redirect" title="A. R. Orage">Orage, A. R.</a> (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.brown.edu/pdfs/114081482976354.pdf">"Readers and Writers,"</a> <i>The New Age</i>, Vol. XXVII, No. 17, pp.&#160;259–260.</li> <li>Paige, D. D. (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/LettersOfEzraPound1907-1941/letters#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Letters of Ezra Pound, 1907-1941</i></a>. London: Faber and Faber.</li> <li>Rackin, Phyllis (1967). "Hulme, Richards, and the Development of Contextualist Poetic Theory," <i>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</i>, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp.&#160;413–425.</li> <li>Rae, Patricia (1997). <i>The Practical Muse. Pragmatist Poetics in Hulme, Pound, and Stevens</i>. Bucknell University Press.</li> <li>Read, Herbert (1953). "The Isolation of the Image: T.E. Hulme." In: <i>The True Voice of Feeling.</i> London: Faber &amp; Faber, pp.&#160;101–115.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Roberts_(writer)" title="Michael Roberts (writer)">Roberts, Michael</a> (1938). <i>T. E. Hulme</i>. London: Faber &amp; Faber (Rep. by Carcanet Press, 1982).</li> <li>Salter, K. W. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/thomastrahernemy010381mbp#page/n141/mode/2up">"Traherne and a Romantic Heresy."</a> In: <i>Thomas Traherne: Mystic And Poet</i>. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., pp.&#160;130–135.</li> <li>Schuchard, Ronald (2003). "Did Eliot Know Hulme? Final Answer," <i>Journal of Modern Literature</i>, Vol. 27(1/2), pp.&#160;63–69.</li> <li>Shusterman, Richard (1985). "Remembering Hulme: A Neglected Philosopher-Critic-Poet," <i>Journal of the History of Ideas</i>, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp.&#160;559–576.</li> <li>Tatham, Jr., Lewis Charles (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/shelleyhistwenti00tathrich#page/64/mode/2up">"T. E. Hulme."</a> In: <i>Shelley and his Twentieth-Century Detractors</i>. (M.A. Thesis) University of Florida.</li> <li>Tigani, Francesco (2016). "Fra immaginazione e realtà: dalla critica del Romanticismo alla teologia politica negli scritti di Thomas Ernest Hulme e Carl Schmitt'", <i>Información Filosófica</i>, XIII, pp.&#160;91–110.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindall,_William_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Tindall, William York">Tindall, William York</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/literarysymbol030100mbp#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Literary Symbol</i></a>. Columbia University Press.</li> <li>Wilhelm, J. J. (2010). <i>Ezra Pound in London and Paris, 1908–1925</i>. Penn State Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0271040998" title="Special:BookSources/0271040998">0271040998</a></li> <li>Williams, Raymond (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/culturesociety17001850mbp#page/n227/mode/2up">"T. E. Hulme."</a> In: <i>Culture &amp; Society 1780-1950</i>. New York: Doubleday &amp; Company, Inc., pp.&#160;205–210.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._E._Hulme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Hulme</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Hulme%2C%20Thomas%20Ernest%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hulme%2C%20Thomas%20E%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hulme%2C%20T%2E%20E%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thomas%20Ernest%20Hulme%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thomas%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22T%2E%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thomas%20Ernest%20Hulme%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thomas%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22T%2E%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22T%2E%20Ernest%20Hulme%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hulme%2C%20Thomas%20Ernest%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hulme%2C%20Thomas%20E%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hulme%2C%20T%2E%20E%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hulme%2C%20T%2E%20Ernest%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thomas%20Ernest%20Hulme%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thomas%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20title%3A%22T%2E%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thomas%20Ernest%20Hulme%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thomas%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20description%3A%22T%2E%20E%2E%20Hulme%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hulme%2C%20Thomas%20Ernest%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hulme%2C%20Thomas%20E%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221883-1917%22%20AND%20Hulme%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about T. E. Hulme</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/6599">Works by T. E. Hulme</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&amp;docid=355830">Critical discussion of Hulme's work</a>, including texts of 16 poems (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.dk/en/">Univ. of Southern Denmark</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keele.ac.uk/library/specarc/collections/tehulme/Hulme.pdf">List of manuscript and typescript poems, etc.</a> held at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac.uk/depts/li">Keele University Library</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged June 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/learning/essay/238694">Romanticism and Classicism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/repository/a-note-on-the-art-of-political-conversion/">A Note on the Art of Political Conversion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/research-publications/camden-town-group/rebecca-beasley-a-definite-meaning-the-art-criticism-of-te-hulme-r1104352#fn_1_1">‘A Definite Meaning’: The Art Criticism of T. E. Hulme</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/render.php?view=mjp_object&amp;id=mjp.2005.00.096">The Evolution of T. E. Hulme's Thought</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theimaginativeconservative.org/2010/07/te-hulme-first-conservative-of.html">T. E. Hulme: The First Conservative of the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theimaginativeconservative.org/2013/09/t-e-hulme-reconsidered.html">Hulme Reconsidered and Reappreciated</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2624836#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2624836#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121021263">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69033959">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11610/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXvFKrpYccgvTy3JXPQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118775308">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50034378">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12496939z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12496939z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00444004">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35212885">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=jo2002112200&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1213912">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/21682">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072565365">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hulme, T. E. (Thomas Ernest), 1883-1917"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000105187&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=293261">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199613081">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcfg6dk0rf9ssr">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810684990505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007271533305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058530692206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14036977">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00668056?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500319791">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/867692">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/89831/">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034185283">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6x65gqc">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐vgkwn Cached time: 20241122143016 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.529 seconds Real time usage: 0.793 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2874/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 35088/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2986/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39582/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.295/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7425133/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 715.412 1 -total 28.37% 202.944 1 Template:Infobox_writer 27.45% 196.414 1 Template:Infobox 20.07% 143.617 1 Template:Reflist 12.62% 90.298 1 Template:Authority_control 12.21% 87.344 1 Template:Short_description 10.50% 75.138 3 Template:Br_separated_entries 10.02% 71.698 4 Template:ISBN 7.59% 54.279 4 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 7.36% 52.655 1 Template:Birth_date --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1027745-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122143016 and revision id 1258606615. 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