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</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13197</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fairness performance</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13197</span> Fairness in Recommendations Ranking: From Pairwise Approach to Listwise Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patik%20Joslin%20Kenfack">Patik Joslin Kenfack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyakov%20Vladimir%20Mikhailovich"> Polyakov Vladimir Mikhailovich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machine Learning (ML) systems are trained using human generated data that could be biased by implicitly containing racist, sexist, or discriminating data. ML models learn those biases or even amplify them. Recent research in work on has begun to consider issues of fairness. The concept of fairness is extended to recommendation. A recommender system will be considered fair if it doesn’t under rank items of protected group (gender, race, demographic...). Several metrics for evaluating fairness concerns in recommendation systems have been proposed, which take pairs of items as ‘instances’ in fairness evaluation. It doesn’t take in account the fact that the fairness should be evaluated across a list of items. The paper explores a probabilistic approach that generalize pairwise metric by using a list k (listwise) of items as ‘instances’ in fairness evaluation, parametrized by k. We also explore new regularization method based on this metric to improve fairness ranking during model training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fairness" title="Fairness">Fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recommender%20System" title=" Recommender System"> Recommender System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranking" title=" Ranking"> Ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Listwise%20Approach" title=" Listwise Approach"> Listwise Approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124058/fairness-in-recommendations-ranking-from-pairwise-approach-to-listwise-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13196</span> Occupational Stress, Perceived Fairness, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Bank Workers in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Ngbea">K. M. Ngbea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ugwu"> F. Ugwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Uwouku"> J. M. Uwouku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Atsehe"> P. Atsehe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ucho"> A. Ucho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20N.%20Achakpa-Ikyo"> P. N. Achakpa-Ikyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Azende"> P. Azende</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined occupational stress, perceived fairness and organizational citizenship behavior among bank workers. The participants were 198 (118) males and (80) female's bank employees from selected banks within Makurdi metropolis and questionnaire were used for data collection. Three hypotheses were tested and it was found that employees with high perception of occupational stress differ significantly from their counterparts at perceived fairness also influenced organizational citizenship behavior.On the other hand, there is no interaction effect of occupational stress and perceived fairness on organizational citizenship behavior. The implication of findings, limitations, recommendations and conclusions were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20stress" title="occupational stress">occupational stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20fairness" title=" perceived fairness"> perceived fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20citizenship" title=" organizational citizenship"> organizational citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15619/occupational-stress-perceived-fairness-and-organizational-citizenship-behavior-among-bank-workers-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">754</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13195</span> the fairness of meritocracy and Korean Democracy-What makes the Korean youth accept the fairness of meritocracy??</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WooJin%20KANG">WooJin KANG</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contrary to the ideal, in the cartelized democracy, meritocracy is revealed to be a system that gives arrogance to the winners and humiliation to the losers, and more and more studies are asserting the upper-class bias of meritocracy. However, only some studies have analyzed the determinants of the perception of meritocracy and fairness among young people. This article was an attempt to fill this gap. According to the empirical results of this article, the determinants of fairness of the meritocracy in the youth were multidimensional. The social status model, the political ideology model, and the future prospect model all significantly impacted the perception of meritocracy fairness among young people. Contrary to the predictions of the system justification theory and the compensatory control theory of previous studies, the lower-class youth were critical of meritocracy. In addition, the more negative the future outlook, the less they accepted the fairness of meritocracy. In addition, ideological debates over solutions to inequality of opportunity, which began in earnest during the 20th presidential election, turned out to be a variable that significantly influenced the perception of fairness based on meritocracy among young people. The results of the empirical analysis in this article reaffirmed the multidimensional structure of the youth. This suggests the need for policy responses leading to education tailored to various subgroups within the youth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Exam-Meritocracy" title=" Exam-Meritocracy"> Exam-Meritocracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fairness" title=" Fairness"> Fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple-inequality" title=" Multiple-inequality"> Multiple-inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180549/the-fairness-of-meritocracy-and-korean-democracy-what-makes-the-korean-youth-accept-the-fairness-of-meritocracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13194</span> Analysis of Spatiotemporal Efficiency and Fairness of Railway Passenger Transport Network Based on Space Syntax: Taking Yangtze River Delta as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Dong">Lin Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fei%20Shi"> Fei Shi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the railway network and the principles of space syntax, the study attempts to reconstruct the spatial relationship of the passenger network connections from space and time perspective. According to the travel time data of main stations in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration obtained by the Internet, the topological drawing of railway network under different time sections is constructed. With the comprehensive index composed of connection and integration, the accessibility and network operation efficiency of the railway network in different time periods is calculated, while the fairness of the network is analyzed by the fairness indicators constructed with the integration and location entropy from the perspective of horizontal and vertical fairness respectively. From the analysis of the efficiency and fairness of the railway passenger transport network, the study finds: (1) There is a strong regularity in regional system accessibility change; (2) The problems of efficiency and fairness are different in different time periods; (3) The improvement of efficiency will lead to the decline of horizontal fairness to a certain extent, while from the perspective of vertical fairness, the supply-demand situation has changed smoothly with time; (4) The network connection efficiency of Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions is higher than that of the western regions such as Anqing and Chizhou; (5) The marginalization of Nantong, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Taizhou is obvious. The study explores the application of spatial syntactic theory in regional traffic analysis, in order to provide a reference for the development of urban agglomeration transportation network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20syntax" title="spatial syntax">spatial syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Yangtze%20River%20Delta" title=" the Yangtze River Delta"> the Yangtze River Delta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20passenger%20time" title=" railway passenger time"> railway passenger time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20and%20fairness" title=" efficiency and fairness"> efficiency and fairness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117668/analysis-of-spatiotemporal-efficiency-and-fairness-of-railway-passenger-transport-network-based-on-space-syntax-taking-yangtze-river-delta-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13193</span> Fairness in Grading of Work-Integrated Learning Assessment: Key Stakeholders’ Challenges and Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geraldine%20O%E2%80%99Neill">Geraldine O’Neill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Work-integrated learning is a valuable learning experience for students in higher education. However, the fairness of the assessment process has been identified as a challenge. This study explored solutions to this challenge through interviews with expert authors in the field and workshops across nine different disciplines in Ireland. In keeping with the use of a participatory and action research methodology, the key stakeholders in the process, the students, educators, and practitioners, identified some solutions. The solutions included the need to: clarify the assessments’ expectations; enhance the flexibility of the competencies, reduce the number of competencies; use grading scales with lower specificity; support practitioner training, and empower students in the assessment process. The results are discussed as they relate to interactional, procedural, and distributive fairness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competencies" title="competencies">competencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title=" fairness"> fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grading%20scales" title=" grading scales"> grading scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work-integrated%20learning" title=" work-integrated learning"> work-integrated learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153924/fairness-in-grading-of-work-integrated-learning-assessment-key-stakeholders-challenges-and-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13192</span> A Study on the Relationship between Transaction Fairness, Social Capital, Supply Chain Integration and Sustainability: Focusing on Manufacturing Companies of South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Min%20Park">Sung-Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Kwon%20Park"> Chan Kwon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chae-Bogk%20Kim"> Chae-Bogk Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between transaction fairness, social capital, supply chain integration and sustainability. Based on the previous studies, measurement items were determined by using SPSS 22 and exploratory factor analysis was performed, and again, using AMOS 21 for confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis was performed by using study items that satisfy reliability, validity, and appropriateness of measurement model. It has shown that transaction fairness has a (+) significant effect on social capital, social capital on supply chain integration, supply chain integration on economic sustainability and social sustainability, and has a (+), but not significant effect on environmental sustainability. It has shown that supply chain integration has been proven to play a role as a parameter between social capital and economic and social sustainability, but not as a parameter between environmental sustainability. Through this study, it is suggested that clearly examining the relationship between fairness of trade, social capital, supply chain integration and sustainability, maintaining fairness of the transaction make formation of social capital, and further integration of supply chain, and achieve sustainability of entire supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20fairness" title="transaction fairness">transaction fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20integration" title=" supply chain integration"> supply chain integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74486/a-study-on-the-relationship-between-transaction-fairness-social-capital-supply-chain-integration-and-sustainability-focusing-on-manufacturing-companies-of-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13191</span> The Question of Choice in an Achievement Test: A Study on the Sudanese Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Abdelrazig%20Mahmoud%20Barakat">Mahmoud Abdelrazig Mahmoud Barakat </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Achievement tests administered at national level play a significant role in the lives of test-takers as well as the whole society. This paper aims to investigate the effect of giving students a choice between two optional questions on their overall performance in a high stake achievement test for university admission. It is hypothesized that questions targeting writing-based productive skills and language system necessitate display of abilities which are different from fact-based questions designed around story content. The two items are assumed to reflect different constructs that require different criteria of assessment. Consequently, the student’s overall score is affected by the item they choose to answer, which might not be reflective of their real language abilities. An open-ended interview was carried out with ten teachers working with grade 3 students in model secondary schools to investigate the nature of the two test items and their impact on the student’s performance. The data has proved that giving choice in an achievement test generates different performances that are assessed differently. It is recommended that in order to address the question of fairness, it is important to clearly define and balance the construct of the items that affect the student’s choice and performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement%20test" title="achievement test">achievement test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice" title=" choice"> choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness%20performance" title=" fairness performance"> fairness performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76927/the-question-of-choice-in-an-achievement-test-a-study-on-the-sudanese-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13190</span> Lies of Police Interrogators in the Ultimatum Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eitan%20Elaad">Eitan Elaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study's purpose was to examine lyingand pretend fairness by police interrogators in sharing situations. Forty police officers and 40 laypeople from the community, all males, self-assessed their lie-telling ability, rated the frequency of their lies, evaluated the acceptability of lying, and indicated using rational and intuitive thinking while lying. Next, according to the ultimatum game procedure, participants were asked to share 100 points with a virtual target, either a male police interrogator or a male layman. Participantsallocated points to the target person bearing in mind that the other person must accept their offer. Participants' goal was to retain as many points as possible, and to this end, they could tell the target person that fewer than 100 points were available for distribution. The difference between the available 100 points and the sum of points designated for sharing defines lying. The ratio of offered and designated points defines pretend fairness. Results indicate that those police officers lied more than laypeople. Similar results emergedeven when the target person was a police interrogator. However, police interrogators presented higher pretend fairness than laypeople. The higher pretend fairness may be in line with interrogation tactics of persuasion used in the criminal interrogation. Higher-lying frequency reported by police interrogators compared with laypeople support the present results. Finally, lie acceptability predicted lying in the ultimatum game. Specifically, participants who rated lying as more acceptable tended to lie more than low acceptability raters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lying" title="lying">lying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20interrogators" title=" police interrogators"> police interrogators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lie%20acceptability" title=" lie acceptability"> lie acceptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimatum%20game" title=" ultimatum game"> ultimatum game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretend%20fairness" title=" pretend fairness"> pretend fairness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143341/lies-of-police-interrogators-in-the-ultimatum-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13189</span> Lies and Pretended Fairness of Police Officers in Sharing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eitan%20Elaad">Eitan Elaad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aimed to examine lying and pretended fairness by police personnel in sharing situations. Forty Israeli police officers and 40 laypeople from the community, all males, self-assessed their lie-telling ability, rated the frequency of their lies, evaluated the acceptability of lying, and indicated using rational and intuitive thinking while lying. Next, according to the ultimatum game procedure, participants were asked to share 100 points with an imagined target, either a male policeman or a male non-policeman. Participants allocated points to the target person bearing in mind that the other person must accept or reject their offer. Participants' goal was to retain as many points as possible, and to this end, they could tell the target person that fewer than 100 points were available for distribution. We defined concealment or lying as the difference between the available 100 points and the sum of points designated for sharing. Results indicated that police officers lied less to their fellow police targets than non-police targets, whereas laypeople lied less to non-police targets than imagined police targets. The ratio between the points offered to the imagined target person and the points endowed by the participant as available for sharing defined pretended fairness.Enhanced pretended fairness indicates higher motivation to display fair sharing even if the fair sharing is fictitious. Police officers presented higher pretended fairness to police targets than laypeople, whereas laypeople set off more fairness to non-police targets than police officers. We discussed the results concerning occupation solidarity and loyalty among police personnel. Specifically, police work involves uncertainty, danger and risk, coercive authority, and the use of force, which isolates the police from the community and dictates strong bonds of solidarity between police personnel. No wonder police officers shared more points (lied less) to fellow police targets than non-police targets. On the other hand, police legitimacy or the belief that the police are acting honestly in the best interest of the citizens constitutes citizens' attitudes toward the police. The relatively low number of points shared for distribution by laypeople to police targets indicates difficulties with the legitimacy of the Israeli police. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lying" title="lying">lying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title=" fairness"> fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20solidarity" title=" police solidarity"> police solidarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20legitimacy" title=" police legitimacy"> police legitimacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharing" title=" sharing"> sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimatum%20game" title=" ultimatum game"> ultimatum game</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149202/lies-and-pretended-fairness-of-police-officers-in-sharing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13188</span> Enhancing a Recidivism Prediction Tool with Machine Learning: Effectiveness and Algorithmic Fairness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Karimihaghighi">Marzieh Karimihaghighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Castillo"> Carlos Castillo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work studies how Machine Learning (ML) may be used to increase the effectiveness of a criminal recidivism risk assessment tool, RisCanvi. The two key dimensions of this analysis are predictive accuracy and algorithmic fairness. ML-based prediction models obtained in this study are more accurate at predicting criminal recidivism than the manually-created formula used in RisCanvi, achieving an AUC of 0.76 and 0.73 in predicting violent and general recidivism respectively. However, the improvements are small, and it is noticed that algorithmic discrimination can easily be introduced between groups such as national vs foreigner, or young vs old. It is described how effectiveness and algorithmic fairness objectives can be balanced, applying a method in which a single error disparity in terms of generalized false positive rate is minimized, while calibration is maintained across groups. Obtained results show that this bias mitigation procedure can substantially reduce generalized false positive rate disparities across multiple groups. Based on these results, it is proposed that ML-based criminal recidivism risk prediction should not be introduced without applying algorithmic bias mitigation procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithmic%20fairness" title="algorithmic fairness">algorithmic fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20risk%20assessment" title=" criminal risk assessment"> criminal risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equalized%20odds" title=" equalized odds"> equalized odds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recidivism" title=" recidivism"> recidivism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130161/enhancing-a-recidivism-prediction-tool-with-machine-learning-effectiveness-and-algorithmic-fairness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13187</span> Entrepreneur’s Perception of AI-Supported Credit Allocation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Uebbing">Lina Uebbing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to credit is a crucial factor for the success of entrepreneurs, making human bias in the lending process a serious concern. Artificial intelligence, as a potential solution, can create a fairer credit evaluation process by reducing human biases. This study investigates entrepreneurs’ preferences (n=192) for AI-based vs. human-based credit evaluation processes. Drawing on Signaling Theory, we explore perceptions of interpersonal fairness and perceived innovativeness in different loan evaluation scenarios. Our findings reveal that human evaluators, particularly females, are perceived to signal interpersonal justice, while AI-involved systems are seen as signaling innovativeness. This highlights practical implications for banks, suggesting that a hybrid model—combining the interpersonal strengths of human evaluators with the innovative capabilities of AI—can enhance both fairness and efficiency in credit evaluation processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness%20perception" title=" fairness perception"> fairness perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovativeness" title=" innovativeness"> innovativeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20allocation" title=" credit allocation"> credit allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198311/entrepreneurs-perception-of-ai-supported-credit-allocation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13186</span> Cultural Impact on Fairness Perception of Inequality: A Study on People With Chinese Roots Living in Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanping%20He-Ulbricht">Yanping He-Ulbricht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Oliver%20Rieger"> Marc Oliver Rieger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on survey data collected from people with Chinese roots living in Germany, this paper examines the impact of assimilation degree and language priming (Chinese or German) on individuals’ perceived fairness of economic and social differences and their attitude towards these. The results show that both the language used and the length of time spent in a foreign culture have a significant impact. Subjects who had spent less than 10 years in Germany demonstrated a higher readiness to accept government intervention in markets with price limits than those who had lived there longer. Subjects who were asked and answered in German perceived the current economic situation as less fair and were also less inclined to accept inequality, even when it leads to a Pareto improvement. While the difference in fairness perception of inequality was a cultural effect, the difference in attitudes towards government intervention was rather a result of learning process. The findings imply that both learning processes of individuals and culture play an important role in perception and preferences regarding social and economic differences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assimilation" title="assimilation">assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title=" bilingualism"> bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20comparison" title=" cross-cultural comparison"> cross-cultural comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20inequality" title=" income inequality"> income inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20priming" title=" language priming"> language priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20fairness" title=" price fairness"> price fairness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161805/cultural-impact-on-fairness-perception-of-inequality-a-study-on-people-with-chinese-roots-living-in-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13185</span> An Efficient Subcarrier Scheduling Algorithm for Downlink OFDMA-Based Wireless Broadband Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassen%20Hamouda">Hassen Hamouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ouwais%20Kabaou"> Mohamed Ouwais Kabaou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Med%20Salim%20Bouhlel"> Med Salim Bouhlel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth of wireless technology made opportunistic scheduling a widespread theme in recent research. Providing high system throughput without reducing fairness allocation is becoming a very challenging task. A suitable policy for resource allocation among users is of crucial importance. This study focuses on scheduling multiple streaming flows on the downlink of a WiMAX system based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In this paper, we take the first step in formulating and analyzing this problem scrupulously. As a result, we proposed a new scheduling scheme based on Round Robin (RR) Algorithm. Because of its non-opportunistic process, RR does not take in account radio conditions and consequently it affect both system throughput and multi-users diversity. Our contribution called MORRA (Modified Round Robin Opportunistic Algorithm) consists to propose a solution to this issue. MORRA not only exploits the concept of opportunistic scheduler but also takes into account other parameters in the allocation process. The first parameter is called courtesy coefficient (CC) and the second is called Buffer Occupancy (BO). Performance evaluation shows that this well-balanced scheme outperforms both RR and MaxSNR schedulers and demonstrate that choosing between system throughput and fairness is not required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDMA" title="OFDMA">OFDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opportunistic%20scheduling" title=" opportunistic scheduling"> opportunistic scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness%20hierarchy" title=" fairness hierarchy"> fairness hierarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=courtesy%20coefficient" title=" courtesy coefficient"> courtesy coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer%20occupancy" title=" buffer occupancy"> buffer occupancy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59645/an-efficient-subcarrier-scheduling-algorithm-for-downlink-ofdma-based-wireless-broadband-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13184</span> Performance Assessment of Carrier Aggregation-Based Indoor Mobile Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktor%20R.%20Stoynov">Viktor R. Stoynov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zlatka%20V.%20Valkova-Jarvis"> Zlatka V. Valkova-Jarvis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The intelligent management and optimisation of radio resource technologies will lead to a considerable improvement in the overall performance in Next Generation Networks (NGNs). Carrier Aggregation (CA) technology, also known as Spectrum Aggregation, enables more efficient use of the available spectrum by combining multiple Component Carriers (CCs) in a virtual wideband channel. LTE-A (Long Term Evolution–Advanced) CA technology can combine multiple adjacent or separate CCs in the same band or in different bands. In this way, increased data rates and dynamic load balancing can be achieved, resulting in a more reliable and efficient operation of mobile networks and the enabling of high bandwidth mobile services. In this paper, several distinct CA deployment strategies for the utilisation of spectrum bands are compared in indoor-outdoor scenarios, simulated via the recently-developed Realistic Indoor Environment Generator (RIEG). We analyse the performance of the User Equipment (UE) by integrating the average throughput, the level of fairness of radio resource allocation, and other parameters, into one summative assessment termed a Comparative Factor (CF). In addition, comparison of non-CA and CA indoor mobile networks is carried out under different load conditions: varying numbers and positions of UEs. The experimental results demonstrate that the CA technology can improve network performance, especially in the case of indoor scenarios. Additionally, we show that an increase of carrier frequency does not necessarily lead to improved CF values, due to high wall-penetration losses. The performance of users under bad-channel conditions, often located in the periphery of the cells, can be improved by intelligent CA location. Furthermore, a combination of such a deployment and effective radio resource allocation management with respect to user-fairness plays a crucial role in improving the performance of LTE-A networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20factor" title="comparative factor">comparative factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier%20aggregation" title=" carrier aggregation"> carrier aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20mobile%20network" title=" indoor mobile network"> indoor mobile network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81714/performance-assessment-of-carrier-aggregation-based-indoor-mobile-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13183</span> Modeling Football Penalty Shootouts: How Improving Individual Performance Affects Team Performance and the Fairness of the ABAB Sequence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Enrique%20Sartor%20Del%20Giudice">Pablo Enrique Sartor Del Giudice</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Penalty shootouts often decide the outcome of important soccer matches. Although usually referred to as ”lotteries”, there is evidence that some national teams and clubs consistently perform better than others. The outcomes are therefore not explained just by mere luck, and therefore there are ways to improve the average performance of players, naturally at the expense of some sort of effort. In this article we study the payoff of player performance improvements in terms of the performance of the team as a whole. To do so we develop an analytical model with static individual performances, as well as Monte Carlo models that take into account the known influence of partial score and round number on individual performances. We find that within a range of usual values, the team performance improves above 70% faster than individual performances do. Using these models, we also estimate that the new ABBA penalty shootout ordering under test reduces almost all the known bias in favor of the first-shooting team under the current ABAB system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football" title="football">football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalty%20shootouts" title=" penalty shootouts"> penalty shootouts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montecarlo%20simulation" title=" Montecarlo simulation"> Montecarlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABBA" title=" ABBA"> ABBA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104452/modeling-football-penalty-shootouts-how-improving-individual-performance-affects-team-performance-and-the-fairness-of-the-abab-sequence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13182</span> Multichannel Scheme under Fairness Environment for Cognitive Radio Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20Marquez%20Ramos">Hans Marquez Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Hernandez"> Cesar Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingrid%20P%C3%A1ez"> Ingrid Páez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper develops a multiple channel assignment model, which allows to take advantage in most efficient way, spectrum opportunities in cognitive radio networks. Developed scheme allows make several available and frequency adjacent channel assignments, which require a bigger wide band, under an equality environment. The hybrid assignment model it is made by to algorithms, one who makes the ranking and select available frequency channels and the other one in charge of establishing an equality criteria, in order to not restrict spectrum opportunities for all other secondary users who wish to make transmissions. Measurements made were done for average bandwidth, average delay, as well fairness computation for several channel assignment. Reached results were evaluated with experimental spectrum occupational data from GSM frequency band captured. Developed model, shows evidence of improvement in spectrum opportunity use and a wider average transmit bandwidth for each secondary user, maintaining equality criteria in channel assignment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title="bandwidth">bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title=" fairness"> fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multichannel" title=" multichannel"> multichannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20users" title=" secondary users"> secondary users</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32694/multichannel-scheme-under-fairness-environment-for-cognitive-radio-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13181</span> Fair Federated Learning in Wireless Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shayan%20Mohajer%20Hamidi">Shayan Mohajer Hamidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for training machine learning models on distributed data without the need for centralized data aggregation. In the realm of wireless communications, FL has the potential to leverage the vast amounts of data generated by wireless devices to improve model performance and enable intelligent applications. However, the fairness aspect of FL in wireless communications remains largely unexplored. This abstract presents an idea for fair federated learning in wireless communications, addressing the challenges of imbalanced data distribution, privacy preservation, and resource allocation. Firstly, the proposed approach aims to tackle the issue of imbalanced data distribution in wireless networks. In typical FL scenarios, the distribution of data across wireless devices can be highly skewed, resulting in unfair model updates. To address this, we propose a weighted aggregation strategy that assigns higher importance to devices with fewer samples during the aggregation process. By incorporating fairness-aware weighting mechanisms, the proposed approach ensures that each participating device's contribution is proportional to its data distribution, thereby mitigating the impact of data imbalance on model performance. Secondly, privacy preservation is a critical concern in federated learning, especially in wireless communications where sensitive user data is involved. The proposed approach incorporates privacy-enhancing techniques, such as differential privacy, to protect user privacy during the model training process. By adding carefully calibrated noise to the gradient updates, the proposed approach ensures that the privacy of individual devices is preserved without compromising the overall model accuracy. Moreover, the approach considers the heterogeneity of devices in terms of computational capabilities and energy constraints, allowing devices to adaptively adjust the level of privacy preservation to strike a balance between privacy and utility. Thirdly, efficient resource allocation is crucial for federated learning in wireless communications, as devices operate under limited bandwidth, energy, and computational resources. The proposed approach leverages optimization techniques to allocate resources effectively among the participating devices, considering factors such as data quality, network conditions, and device capabilities. By intelligently distributing the computational load, communication bandwidth, and energy consumption, the proposed approach minimizes resource wastage and ensures a fair and efficient FL process in wireless networks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed fair federated learning approach, extensive simulations and experiments will be conducted. The experiments will involve a diverse set of wireless devices, ranging from smartphones to Internet of Things (IoT) devices, operating in various scenarios with different data distributions and network conditions. The evaluation metrics will include model accuracy, fairness measures, privacy preservation, and resource utilization. The expected outcomes of this research include improved model performance, fair allocation of resources, enhanced privacy preservation, and a better understanding of the challenges and solutions for fair federated learning in wireless communications. The proposed approach has the potential to revolutionize wireless communication systems by enabling intelligent applications while addressing fairness concerns and preserving user privacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federated%20learning" title="federated learning">federated learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20communications" title=" wireless communications"> wireless communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title=" fairness"> fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalanced%20data" title=" imbalanced data"> imbalanced data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy%20preservation" title=" privacy preservation"> privacy preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20privacy" title=" differential privacy"> differential privacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167868/fair-federated-learning-in-wireless-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13180</span> Harvard Lawyers Perception of Intellectual Property and Digital Rights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariusz%20Jemielniak">Dariusz Jemielniak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The near future will bring significant changes to contemporary organizations and management, because of the rapidly increasing role of immaterial goods and knowledge workers. The area of copyright, IP, as well as digital (non-material) goods and media redistribution seems to be one of the major challenges for the economy and society in general, and management and organization studies in particular. The proposed paper shows the views and perceptions of fairness of digital media sharing among Harvard Law School LL.M. students, basing on 50 qualitative interviews and 100 questionnaires. The researcher took an ethnographic approach to the study and joined the 2016 Harvard LL.M. Facebook group, which allowed natural socializing and joining for in-person events and private parties more easily. After making acquaintance with many of the students, the researcher conducted a quantitative questionnaire with 100 respondents, allowing to better understand the respondents perception of fairness in digital files sharing in different contexts (depending on the price of the media, its availability, regional licensing, status of the copyright holder, etc.). Basing on the results of the questionnaire, the researcher followed up with long-term, open ended, loosely structured ethnographic interviews (50 interviews were conducted) to further deepen the understanding of the results. The major finding of the study is that Harvard lawyers, in spite of the highest possible understanding of law, as well as professional standards, generally approve of digital piracy in certain contexts. Interestingly, they are also more likely to approve of it if they work for the government rather than the private sector. The conclusions from this study allow a better understanding of how ‘fairness’ is perceived by the younger generation of law professionals, and also open grounds for a more rational licensing policing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piracy" title="piracy">piracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20sharing" title=" digital sharing"> digital sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20of%20fairness" title=" perception of fairness"> perception of fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20profession" title=" legal profession"> legal profession</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72702/harvard-lawyers-perception-of-intellectual-property-and-digital-rights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13179</span> Examination Scheduling System with Proposed Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabrej%20Khan">Tabrej Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Examination Scheduling System (ESS) is a scheduling system that targets as an exam committee in any academic institute to help them in managing the exams automatically. We present an algorithm for Examination Scheduling System. Nowadays, many universities have challenges with creating examination schedule fast with less confliction compared to hand works. Our aims are to develop a computerized system that can be used in examination scheduling in an academic institute versus available resources (Time, Hall, Invigilator and instructor) with no contradiction and achieve fairness among students. ESS was developed using HTML, C# language, Crystal Report and ASP.NET through Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as developing tools with integrated SQL server database. This application can produce some benefits such as reducing the time spent in creating an exam schedule and achieving fairness among students <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=examination%20scheduling%20system%20%28ESS%29" title="examination scheduling system (ESS)">examination scheduling system (ESS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASP.NET" title=" ASP.NET"> ASP.NET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20report" title=" crystal report"> crystal report</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62755/examination-scheduling-system-with-proposed-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13178</span> Employee Well-being in the Age of AI: Perceptions, Concerns, Behaviors, and Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Sadeghi">Soheila Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> — The growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resources (HR) processes has transformed the way organizations manage recruitment, performance evaluation, and employee engagement. While AI offers numerous advantages—such as improved efficiency, reduced bias, and hyper-personalization—it raises significant concerns about employee well-being, job security, fairness, and transparency. The study examines how AI shapes employee perceptions, job satisfaction, mental health, and retention. Key findings reveal that: (a) while AI can enhance efficiency and reduce bias, it also raises concerns about job security, fairness, and privacy; (b) transparency in AI systems emerges as a critical factor in fostering trust and positive employee attitudes; and (c) AI systems can both support and undermine employee well-being, depending on how they are implemented and perceived. The research introduces an AI-employee well-being Interaction Framework, illustrating how AI influences employee perceptions, behaviors, and outcomes. Organizational strategies, such as (a) clear communication, (b) upskilling programs, and (c) employee involvement in AI implementation, are identified as crucial for mitigating negative impacts and enhancing positive outcomes. The study concludes that the successful integration of AI in HR requires a balanced approach that (a) prioritizes employee well-being, (b) facilitates human-AI collaboration, and (c) ensures ethical and transparent AI practices alongside technological advancement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resources" title=" human resources"> human resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20well-being" title=" employee well-being"> employee well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20satisfaction" title=" job satisfaction"> job satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20support" title=" organizational support"> organizational support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency%20in%20AI" title=" transparency in AI"> transparency in AI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190691/employee-well-being-in-the-age-of-ai-perceptions-concerns-behaviors-and-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13177</span> Striking a Balance between Certainty and Flexibility: The Role of Ubuntu in South African Contract Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeukai%20Mupangavanhu">Yeukai Mupangavanhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the concept of ubuntu and the extent to which it can play a role in ensuring fairness and justice in contractual relationships. Courts are expected to balance sanctity of contract and fairness. Public policy is currently a mechanism which is used by courts when balancing the above two competing interests. It, however, generally favours the freedom and sanctity of contract. The question which is addressed in this paper is whether the concept of ubuntu is an alternative mechanism that may be used to mitigate the sometimes harsh and unfair consequences of the doctrine of freedom and sanctity of contract. A comparative study and case analysis is the methodology that is used in this article. Unfairness in contracts is generally related to the problem of inequality in bargaining power underscored by deeply entrenched social and economic inequalities that are a consequence of apartheid and patriarchy. The transformative nature of the constitution demands the inclusion of African legal ideas and values in the legal order. There is a need for the harmonisation of western ideals which are based on the classical model of law of contract with relevant African principles. In order to attain a transformative legal order that promotes a societal transformation and enhances the lives of everyone courts cannot continue to frown upon African values. Ubuntu has the potential of steering the law of contract in a more equitable direction. The substantive rules of contract law undoubtedly need to be infused with the notion of ubuntu. The reconciliation of Western and African values is at the heart of legal transformation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title="fairness">fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanctity%20of%20contract" title=" sanctity of contract"> sanctity of contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contractual%20justice" title=" contractual justice"> contractual justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformative%20constitutionalism" title=" transformative constitutionalism"> transformative constitutionalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71490/striking-a-balance-between-certainty-and-flexibility-the-role-of-ubuntu-in-south-african-contract-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13176</span> Impact of Contemporary Performance Measurement System and Organization Justice on Academic Staff Work Performance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amizawati%20Mohd%20Amir">Amizawati Mohd Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruhanita%20Maelah"> Ruhanita Maelah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaidi%20Mohd%20Noor"> Zaidi Mohd Noor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As part of the Malaysia Higher Institutions' Strategic Plan in promoting high-quality research and education, the Ministry of Higher Education has introduced various instrument to assess the universities performance. The aims are that university will produce more commercially-oriented research and continue to contribute in producing professional workforce for domestic and foreign needs. Yet the spirit of the success lies in the commitment of university particularly the academic staff to translate the vision into reality. For that reason, the element of fairness and justice in assessing individual academic staff performance is crucial to promote directly linked between university and individual work goals. Focusing on public research universities (RUs) in Malaysia, this study observes at the issue through the practice of university contemporary performance measurement system. Accordingly management control theory has conceptualized that contemporary performance measurement consisting of three dimension namely strategic, comprehensive and dynamic building upon equity theory, the relationships between contemporary performance measurement system and organizational justice and in turn the effect on academic staff work performance are tested based on online survey data administered on 365 academic staff from public RUs, which were analyzed using statistics analysis SPSS and Equation Structure Modeling. The findings validated the presence of strategic, comprehensive and dynamic in the contemporary performance measurement system. The empirical evidence also indicated that contemporary performance measure and procedural justice are significantly associated with work performance but not for distributive justice. Furthermore, procedural justice does mediate the relationship between contemporary performance measurement and academic staff work performance. Evidently, this study provides evidence on the importance of perceptions of justice towards influencing academic staff work performance. This finding may be a fruitful input in the setting up academic staff performance assessment policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive" title="comprehensive">comprehensive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributive%20justice" title=" distributive justice"> distributive justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20performance%20measurement%20system" title=" contemporary performance measurement system"> contemporary performance measurement system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic" title=" strategic"> strategic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedure%20justice" title=" procedure justice"> procedure justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20performance" title=" work performance"> work performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78800/impact-of-contemporary-performance-measurement-system-and-organization-justice-on-academic-staff-work-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13175</span> Psychological Contract Breach and Violation Relationships with Stress and Wellbeing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazeelat%20Duran">Fazeelat Duran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Bishopp"> Darren Bishopp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Woodhams"> Jessica Woodhams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Negative emotions resulting from the breach of perceived obligations by an employer is called the psychological contract violation. Employees perceiving breach and feelings of negative emotions result in adverse outcomes for both the employee and employer. This paper aims to identify the relationships between contract breach, violation, stress and wellbeing and investigate whether fairness and self-efficacy mediate the relationships. A mixed method approach was used to analyze the online-surveys and semi-structured interviews with the police officers. It was identified that the psychological contract violation predicts stress and job-related well-being. Fairness and self-efficacy were identified as significant mediators to understand the underlying mechanisms of association. Whilst, in the interviews social support was identified as a popular mediator. Practical implications for employers are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20contract%20violation%20and%20breach" title="psychological contract violation and breach">psychological contract violation and breach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stressors" title=" stressors"> stressors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95975/psychological-contract-breach-and-violation-relationships-with-stress-and-wellbeing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13174</span> Preservice Science Teachers' Understanding of Equitable Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Izci">Kemal Izci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Oguz%20Akturk"> Ahmet Oguz Akturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Learning is dependent on cognitive and physical differences as well as other differences such as ethnicity, language, and culture. Furthermore, these differences also influence how students show their learning. Assessment is an integral part of learning and teaching process and is essential for effective instruction. In order to provide effective instruction, teachers need to provide equal assessment opportunities for all students to see their learning difficulties and use them to modify instruction to aid learning. Successful assessment practices are dependent upon the knowledge and value of teachers. Therefore, in order to use assessment to assess and support diverse students learning, preservice and inservice teachers should hold an appropriate understanding of equitable assessment. In order to prepare teachers to help them support diverse student learning, as a first step, this study aims to explore how preservice teachers’ understand equitable assessment. 105 preservice science teachers studying at teacher preparation program in a large university located at Eastern part of Turkey participated in the current study. A questionnaire, preservice teachers’ reflection papers and interviews served as data sources for this study. All collected data qualitatively analyzed to develop themes that illustrate preservice science teachers’ understanding of equitable assessment. Results of the study showed that preservice teachers mostly emphasized fairness including fairness in grading and fairness in asking questions not out of covered concepts for equitable assessment. However, most of preservice teachers do not show an understanding of equity for providing equal opportunities for all students to display their understanding of related content. For some preservice teachers providing different opportunities (providing extra time for non-native speaking students) for some students seems to be unfair for other students and therefore, these kinds of refinements do not need to be used. The results of the study illustrated that preservice science teachers mostly understand equitable assessment as fairness and less highlight the role of using equitable assessment to support all student learning, which is more important in order to improve students’ achievement of science. Therefore, we recommend that more opportunities should be provided for preservice teachers engage in a more broad understanding of equitable assessment and learn how to use equitable assessment practices to aid and support all students learning trough classroom assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20teaching" title="science teaching">science teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equitable%20assessment" title=" equitable assessment"> equitable assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20literacy" title=" assessment literacy"> assessment literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservice%20science%20teachers" title=" preservice science teachers"> preservice science teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38221/preservice-science-teachers-understanding-of-equitable-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13173</span> Municipal Employees’ Perceptions of Fairness of Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Organisational Commitment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lineo%20Dzansi">Lineo Dzansi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South African government has been mandated by the Constitution (Act 108 of 1996) to deliver basic services to all who live in it. However, service delivery has always been marred with much criticism and citizens’ dissatisfaction regarding the quality of services rendered to them. This is evidenced by public protests that are common in South Africa lately which they are mostly alleged to link with failure by the government through various municipalities to meet citizens’ service delivery expectations. Municipalities render services through people. People management plays a crucial role in influencing employee and organisational performance and it thus needs to be conducted in a fair and just manner. Literature confirms that there is a relationship between organisational justice perceptions and employee behaviour, and that positive or negative justice perceptions can have an influence on employee attitudes, commitment to their jobs and organisation. The nature of the attachments formed by individuals to their employing organisations depends on the manner in which the organisation treats them. This implies that Municipal employees’ commitment could be linked to fair or unfair perceptions of Human Resource Management practices within their organisations. Unfortunately, the political nature of municipal environment could be a fertile ground for appointments of people based on political affiliation as a reward for political patronage rather than on merit. This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between municipal employees’ perceptions of fairness of Human Resource Management practices and employee commitment from the organisational justice point of view. Research on organisational justice has shown that employees’ organisational justice perceptions link directly with job satisfaction and employee organisational commitment. Quantitative research methods were employed to collect and analyse data from selected managerial and non-managerial municipal employees within selected municipalities in Free State Province of South Africa. Employee commitment has positive relationships with HRM practices at the .05 and .01 levels of significance – indicating that the higher the levels of HRM practices in municipal employees the higher the organisational commitment of employees. Therefore, it is concluded that organisational commitment of municipal employees (EOC) is positively related to their perceptions of fairness of HRM practices (PHF) of municipalities. In other words, fair HRM practices of municipalities promote organisational commitment in municipal employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20Justice" title="organisational Justice">organisational Justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRM%20practices" title=" HRM practices"> HRM practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20organisational%20commitment" title=" employee organisational commitment"> employee organisational commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20attitudes" title=" employee attitudes"> employee attitudes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166600/municipal-employees-perceptions-of-fairness-of-human-resource-management-practices-and-employee-organisational-commitment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13172</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Legislations and Laws</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keroles%20Akram%20Saed%20Ghatas">Keroles Akram Saed Ghatas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The near future will bring significant changes in modern organizations and management due to the growing role of intangible assets and knowledge workers. The area of copyright, intellectual property, digital (intangible) assets and media redistribution appears to be one of the greatest challenges facing business and society in general and management sciences and organizations in particular. The proposed article examines the views and perceptions of fairness in digital media sharing among Harvard Law School's LL.M.s. Students, based on 50 qualitative interviews and 100 surveys. The researcher took an ethnographic approach to her research and entered the Harvard LL.M. in 2016. at, a Face book group that allows people to connect naturally and attend in-person and private events more easily. After listening to numerous students, the researcher conducted a quantitative survey among 100 respondents to assess respondents' perceptions of fairness in digital file sharing in various contexts (based on media price, its availability, regional licenses, copyright holder status, etc.). to understand better . .). Based on the survey results, the researcher conducted long-term, open-ended and loosely structured ethnographic interviews (50 interviews) to further deepen the understanding of the results. The most important finding of the study is that Harvard lawyers generally support digital piracy in certain contexts, despite having the best possible legal and professional knowledge. Interestingly, they are also more accepting of working for the government than the private sector. The results of this study provide a better understanding of how “fairness” is perceived by the younger generation of lawyers and pave the way for a more rational application of licensing laws. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20impairments" title="cognitive impairments">cognitive impairments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20disorders" title=" communication disorders"> communication disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=death%20penalty" title=" death penalty"> death penalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20function%20communication%20disorders" title=" executive function communication disorders"> executive function communication disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20disorders" title=" cognitive disorders"> cognitive disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20murder" title=" capital murder"> capital murder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20function%20death%20penalty" title=" executive function death penalty"> executive function death penalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egyptian%20law%20absence" title=" egyptian law absence"> egyptian law absence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20cases%20piracy" title=" political cases piracy"> political cases piracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20sharing" title=" digital sharing"> digital sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20of%20fairness" title=" perception of fairness"> perception of fairness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20profession" title=" legal profession"> legal profession</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183105/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-legislations-and-laws" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13171</span> Evaluation of Regional On-Demand Service Capability and Key Influencing Factors for Low Earth Orbit Mega-Constellations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaohui%20Gong">Shaohui Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Zhu"> Cheng Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Zhou"> Yun Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiming%20Zhang"> Weiming Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations are poised to become crucial future infrastructure, providing dynamically configurable communication, navigation, remote sensing, and other services. The rapid deployment of these constellations has spurred an increasing focus on their regional service applications. This paper addresses this need by introducing a Payload Unit Service Capability Indicator (PUSCI), which quantifies the average service capacity that a single payload unit provides to a fixed-size ground area within the minimum service time, considering time, space, and performance dimensions. Using PUSCI, a framework is developed for evaluating the on-demand service capability of mega-constellations within specific regions. This framework divides the target region into Geographic Service Units (GSUs), defined by the size and shape of individual payload unit coverage. The method of employing time snapshots is used to determine satellite-ground coverage. PUSCI serves as the smallest unit of service acquisition for a GSU. By incorporating payload service rules, multi-satellite collaboration rules, and multi-satellite payload resource allocation rules, the framework assesses service demand satisfaction for each GSU, thereby evaluating overall regional service levels and fairness. This framework is applied to evaluate the on-demand service capability of regional communication services in mega-constellations, utilizing simulations to analyze key influencing factors. The results demonstrate that multi-satellite collaboration rules significantly impact regional service capability, with load-balancing strategies yielding superior performance. The multi-satellite payload resource allocation rules primarily affect service fairness, while GSU service demand is the main determinant of resource acquisition. Furthermore, the demands of neighboring GSUs influence service availability, highlighting the significant impact of ground demand distribution on overall mega-constellation performance. This PUSCI-based framework provides a quantitative tool for understanding and optimizing regional service capabilities in mega-constellations, offering substantial practical value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEO%20mega-constellations" title="LEO mega-constellations">LEO mega-constellations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20service" title=" regional service"> regional service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payload%20unit%20service%20capability%20indicator" title=" payload unit service capability indicator"> payload unit service capability indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capability%20evaluating" title=" capability evaluating"> capability evaluating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20influencing%20factors" title=" key influencing factors"> key influencing factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196216/evaluation-of-regional-on-demand-service-capability-and-key-influencing-factors-for-low-earth-orbit-mega-constellations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13170</span> The Economics of Justice as Fairness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Abatemarco">Antonio Abatemarco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Stroffolini"> Francesca Stroffolini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the economic literature, Rawls’ Theory of Justice is usually interpreted in a two-stage setting, where a priority to the worst off individual is imposed as a distributive value judgment. In this paper, instead, we model Rawls’ Theory in a three-stage setting, that is, a separating line is drawn between the original position, the educational stage, and the working life. Hence, in this paper, we challenge the common interpretation of Rawls’ Theory of Justice as Fairness by showing that this Theory goes well beyond the definition of a distributive value judgment, in such a way as to embrace efficiency issues as well. In our model, inequalities are shown to be permitted as far as they stimulate a greater effort in education in the population, and so economic growth. To our knowledge, this is the only possibility for the inequality to be ‘bought’ by both the most-, and above all, the least-advantaged individual as suggested by the Difference Principle. Finally, by recalling the old tradition of ‘universal ex-post efficiency’, we show that a unique optimal social contract does not exist behind the veil of ignorance; more precisely, the sole set of potentially Rawls-optimal social contracts can be identified a priori, and partial justice orderings derived accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title="justice">justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawls" title=" Rawls"> Rawls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20contract" title=" social contract"> social contract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95580/the-economics-of-justice-as-fairness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13169</span> Legal Disputes of Disclosure and Transparency under Kuwaiti Capital Market Authority Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20A.%20R.%20S.%20Almutairi">Mohammad A. R. S. Almutairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study will provide the introduction that constitutes the problem cornerstone of legal disputes of disclosure and transparency under Kuwaiti Capital market authority Law No. 7 of 2010. It also will discuss the reasons for the emergence of corporate governance and its purposes in the Capital Market Authority Law in Kuwait. In addition, it will show the legal disputes resulting from the unclear concept of disclosure and interest and will discuss the main reasons in support of the possible solution. In addition, this study will argue why the Capital Market Authority Law in Kuwait needs a clear concept and a straight structure of disclosure under section 100. This study will demonstrate why a clear disclosure is led to a better application of the law. This study will demonstrate the fairness in applying the law regarding the punishment against individual, companies and securities market. Furthermore, it will discuss added confidence between investors and the stock market with a clear concept under section 100. Finally, it will summarize arises problem and possible solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governors" title="corporate governors">corporate governors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disclosure" title=" disclosure"> disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness" title=" fairness"> fairness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107371/legal-disputes-of-disclosure-and-transparency-under-kuwaiti-capital-market-authority-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13168</span> Performance Evaluation of an Efficient Asynchronous Protocol for WDM Ring MANs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baziana%20Peristera">Baziana Peristera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The idea of the asynchronous transmission in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring MANs is studied in this paper. Especially, we present an efficient access technique to coordinate the collisions-free transmission of the variable sizes of IP traffic in WDM ring core networks. Each node is equipped with a tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. In this way, all the wavelengths are exploited for both transmission and reception. In order to evaluate the performance measures of average throughput, queuing delay and packet dropping probability at the buffers, a simulation model that assumes symmetric access rights among the nodes is developed based on Poisson statistics. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed protocol achieves apart from high bandwidth exploitation for a wide range of offered load, fairness of queuing delay and dropping events among the different packets size categories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asynchronous%20transmission" title="asynchronous transmission">asynchronous transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision%20avoidance" title=" collision avoidance"> collision avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength%20division%20multiplexing" title=" wavelength division multiplexing"> wavelength division multiplexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDM" title=" WDM"> WDM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18320/performance-evaluation-of-an-efficient-asynchronous-protocol-for-wdm-ring-mans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness%20performance&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness%20performance&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fairness%20performance&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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