CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <link rel="preload" href="/wp-content/themes/wse/fonts/Gentona-Medium.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/wp-content/themes/wse/fonts/Gentona-Bold.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/wp-content/themes/wse/fonts/Quadon-Bold.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/wp-content/themes/wse/fonts/Gentona-Light.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="004c97"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="004c97"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/favicons/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="004c97"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <title>Research - Department of Computer Science</title> <meta name="description" content="Bridging disciplines and accelerating discoveries in computer science." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Research" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Bridging disciplines and accelerating discoveries in computer science." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Department of Computer Science" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-09-20T16:57:52+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-1024x681.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="681" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Research" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Bridging disciplines and accelerating discoveries in computer science." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.cs.jhu.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=bb55d6eed1acb6f10094620d2476e159"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=bb55d6eed1acb6f10094620d2476e159' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='site-css' href='https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/css/site.css?ver=bb55d6eed1acb6f10094620d2476e159' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='rocket-lazyload-inline-css' type='text/css'> .rll-youtube-player{position:relative;padding-bottom:56.23%;height:0;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;}.rll-youtube-player:focus-within{outline: 2px solid currentColor;outline-offset: 5px;}.rll-youtube-player iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:100;background:0 0}.rll-youtube-player img{bottom:0;display:block;left:0;margin:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;border:none;height:auto;-webkit-transition:.4s all;-moz-transition:.4s all;transition:.4s all}.rll-youtube-player img:hover{-webkit-filter:brightness(75%)}.rll-youtube-player .play{height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;position:absolute;background:url(https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/plugins/rocket-lazy-load/assets/img/youtube.png) no-repeat center;background-color: transparent !important;cursor:pointer;border:none;}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio .rll-youtube-player{position:absolute;padding-bottom:0;width:100%;height:100%;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/31" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.cs.jhu.edu/?p=31' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.jhu.edu%2Fresearch%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.jhu.edu%2Fresearch%2F&format=xml" />   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-52M38THK');</script>    <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '255832078289375'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=255832078289375&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript>      <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-E07ZYQZ0YG"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-E07ZYQZ0YG'); </script>   <script type="text/javascript"> /* Default comment here */ /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var sz = document.createElement('script'); sz.type = 'text/javascript'; sz.async = true; sz.src = '//siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_16739.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sz, s); })(); /*]]>*/ </script>  <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu"><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript> </head> <body class="preload fs-grid page_layout_default page_theme_default page_theme_department page_theme_sunlight page_theme_departments" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <div class="js-alert-wrapper"> <div class="js-alert-wrapper"> <script> // var AlertURL = "https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=get_alert"; var AlertURL = "https://www.cs.jhu.edu/alerts/currentalert/"; </script> </div> </div>  <div class="page_wrapper has_page_media">  <header class="header" id="header"> <a class="skip_link skip_main" id="skip_link" href="#skip_content">Skip to main content</a> <a class="js-swap js-skip-alert skip_link skip_alert" id="alert_link" href="#alert" data-swap-target=".js-alert" data-swap-linked="alert">Skip to site alert</a> <div class="js-header-set header_set"> <div class="header_ribbon"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="header_ribbon_inner"> <nav class="js-nav js-secondary-nav js-secondary-nav-lg nav secondary_nav secondary_nav_lg" aria-label="Secondary" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header secondary_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title secondary_nav_title">Secondary Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-secondary-nav-list nav_list secondary_nav_list" aria-label="Secondary Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-secondary-nav-item js-secondary-nav-item-1 nav_item secondary_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner secondary_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-secondary-nav-link nav_link secondary_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/it-support/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label secondary_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">CS IT Support</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header_controls"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="header_controls_inner"> <ul class="header_controls_list" aria-label="Site Controls"> <li class="header_controls_item"><a class="menu_toggle js-menu-toggle js-swap" href="#menu" data-swap-target=".menu" data-swap-linked="menu"> <span class="menu_toggle_inner_default menu_toggle_inner"> <span class="menu_toggle_label_default menu_toggle_label">Menu</span> <span class="menu_toggle_icon_default menu_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="menu_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="menu_toggle_icon_inner_default menu_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_menu"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#menu"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> <span class="menu_toggle_inner_active menu_toggle_inner"> <span class="menu_toggle_label_active menu_toggle_label">Close</span> <span class="menu_toggle_icon_active menu_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="menu_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="menu_toggle_icon_inner_active menu_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_close"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#close"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="header_controls_item"><a class="search_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/search/"> <span class="search_link_inner"><span class="search_link_label">Search</span><span class="search_link_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="search_link_icon_spacer"></span><span class="search_link_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_search"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#search"></use></svg> </span></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="header_controls_item"> <div class="js-audience-group audience_group audience_group_sm"> <button class="audience_toggle js-audience-toggle js-swap" data-swap-target=".js-audience-group" data-swap-linked="audience"> <span class="audience_toggle_inner_default audience_toggle_inner"> <span class="audience_toggle_label_default audience_toggle_label">Info For</span> <span class="audience_toggle_icon_default audience_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="audience_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="audience_toggle_icon_inner_default audience_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_user"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#user"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> <span class="audience_toggle_inner_active audience_toggle_inner"> <span class="audience_toggle_label_active audience_toggle_label">Close</span> <span class="audience_toggle_icon_active audience_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="audience_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="audience_toggle_icon_inner_active audience_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_close"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#close"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> </button> <nav class="js-nav js-audience-nav js-audience-nav-lg nav audience_nav audience_nav_lg" aria-label="Info For" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header audience_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title audience_nav_title">Info For Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-audience-nav-list nav_list audience_nav_list" aria-label="Info For Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-1 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/it-support/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">CS IT Support</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-2 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/undergraduate-studies/undergraduate-academics/current-undergraduate-students/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Resources for Undergrads</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-3 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/graduate-studies/current-graduate-students/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Resources for Graduate Students</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-4 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://imagine.jhu.edu/hire-at-hopkins/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Employers</span><span class="nav_link_indicator audience_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="audience_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header_primary"> <div class="header_primary_inner"> <div class="header_logo_group"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="header_logo_group_inner"> <div class="header_logo_group_wrappper"> <div class="logo logo_header logo_icon"> <a class="logo_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu"> <span class="logo_link_label">Department of Computer Science</span> <span class="logo_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_logo_whiting"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#logo_whiting"></use></svg> </span> </a> </div> <span class="logo_department_title"> <a href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu"> Department of Computer Science </a> </span> </div> <nav class="js-nav js-utility-nav js-utility-nav-lg nav utility_nav utility_nav_lg" aria-label="Utility" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header utility_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title utility_nav_title">Utility Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-utility-nav-list nav_list utility_nav_list" aria-label="Utility Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-utility-nav-item js-utility-nav-item-1 nav_item utility_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner utility_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-utility-nav-link nav_link utility_nav_link" href="https://engineering.jhu.edu/request-information/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label utility_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Request Info</span><span class="nav_link_indicator utility_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="utility_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-utility-nav-item js-utility-nav-item-2 nav_item utility_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner utility_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-utility-nav-link nav_link utility_nav_link" href="https://engineering.jhu.edu/admissions/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label utility_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Apply</span><span class="nav_link_indicator utility_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="utility_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-utility-nav-item js-utility-nav-item-3 nav_item utility_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner utility_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-utility-nav-link nav_link utility_nav_link" href="https://makeagift.jhu.edu/form/eng" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label utility_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Give</span><span class="nav_link_indicator utility_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="utility_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="js-header-nav-group header_nav_group"> <div class="js-header-nav-group-inner header_nav_group_inner"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="header_nav_group_container"> <nav class="js-nav js-main-nav js-main-nav-lg nav main_nav main_nav_lg" aria-label="Site" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header main_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title main_nav_title">Site Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-main-nav-list nav_list main_nav_list" aria-label="Site Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-1 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">About</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-1" data-swap-group="main_nav_lg" aria-label="About" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="About"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/message-from-dept-head/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Message from the Department Head</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/diversity-and-inclusion/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Diversity and Inclusion</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/employment-opportunities/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Employment Opportunities</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-2 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Academic Programs</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-2" data-swap-group="main_nav_lg" aria-label="Academic Programs" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="Academic Programs"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/program-enrollment-and-outcomes/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Accreditation & Enrollment</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/undergraduate-studies/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Undergraduate Studies</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/graduate-studies/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Graduate Studies</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/combined-bachelors-masters/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Combined Bachelor鈥檚/Master鈥檚</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/academic-integrity-code/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Academic Integrity Code</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-3 nav_item main_nav_item has_children active"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link active" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/" itemprop="url" aria-current="page"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Research</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-3" data-swap-group="main_nav_lg" aria-label="Research" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="Research"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/theory-programming-languages/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Theory & Programming Languages</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/systems/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Systems & Networking</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computational-biology-medicine/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Computational Biology & Medicine</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/information-security/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Information Security</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/language-speech-processing/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Natural Language Processing</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/machine-learning-ai-and-data-science/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Machine Learning, AI, & Data Science</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/robotics-vision-graphics/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Robotics, Vision, & Graphics</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/human-computer-interaction/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Human-Computer Interaction</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computer-assisted-medicine/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Computer-Assisted Medicine</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-4 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">People</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-4" data-swap-group="main_nav_lg" aria-label="People" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="People"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/faculty/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Faculty</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/cs-affiliates/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Joint, Affiliate, & Research Faculty</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/administrative-staff/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Staff</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/phd-students/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">PhD Students</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/cs-external-advisory-board/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">External Advisory Board</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/faculty-awards-honors/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Faculty Awards & Honors</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-5 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/news/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">News</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-5" data-swap-group="main_nav_lg" aria-label="News" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="News"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/cs-newsletter/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">CS Newsletter</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-6 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/events/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Events</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-6" data-swap-group="main_nav_lg" aria-label="Events" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="Events"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/department-seminars/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Department Seminars</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://lists.cs.jhu.edu/mailman/listinfo/sem" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Join our Seminar Listserv</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/distinguished-lecture-series/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">CS Distinguished Lecture Series</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-7 nav_item main_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/alumni-and-giving/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Alumni & Giving</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="header_controls_group"> <div class="search_link_wrapper"> <a class="search_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/search/"> <span class="search_link_inner"><span class="search_link_label">Search</span><span class="search_link_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="search_link_icon_spacer"></span><span class="search_link_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_search"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#search"></use></svg> </span></span></span> </a> </div> <div class="js-audience-group audience_group audience_group_lg"> <button class="audience_toggle js-audience-toggle js-swap" data-swap-target=".js-audience-group" data-swap-linked="audience"> <span class="audience_toggle_inner_default audience_toggle_inner"> <span class="audience_toggle_label_default audience_toggle_label">Info For</span> <span class="audience_toggle_icon_default audience_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="audience_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="audience_toggle_icon_inner_default audience_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_user"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#user"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> <span class="audience_toggle_inner_active audience_toggle_inner"> <span class="audience_toggle_label_active audience_toggle_label">Close</span> <span class="audience_toggle_icon_active audience_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="audience_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="audience_toggle_icon_inner_active audience_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_close"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#close"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> </button> <nav class="js-nav js-audience-nav js-audience-nav-lg nav audience_nav audience_nav_lg" aria-label="Info For" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header audience_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title audience_nav_title">Info For Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-audience-nav-list nav_list audience_nav_list" aria-label="Info For Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-1 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/it-support/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">CS IT Support</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-2 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/undergraduate-studies/undergraduate-academics/current-undergraduate-students/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Resources for Undergrads</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-3 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/graduate-studies/current-graduate-students/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Resources for Graduate Students</span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-audience-nav-item js-audience-nav-item-4 nav_item audience_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner audience_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-audience-nav-link nav_link audience_nav_link" href="https://imagine.jhu.edu/hire-at-hopkins/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label audience_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Employers</span><span class="nav_link_indicator audience_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="audience_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span class="js-header-nav-group-spacer header_nav_group_spacer"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page_header"> <div class="page_header_inner"> <div class="breadcrumb"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell fs-lg-11 fs-lg-justify-end"> <div class="breadcrumb_inner"> <nav class="breadcrumb_nav{" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <div class="breadcrumb_nav_header"> <h2 class="breadcrumb_nav_title">You are here:</h2> </div> <ol class="breadcrumb_list" itemscope itemprop="breadcrumb" itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb_item breadcrumb_item_home" itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <a class="breadcrumb_pill breadcrumb_pill_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu" itemprop="item"> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_inner"> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_icon_home" aria-hidden="true"> <svg class="icon icon_home"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#home"></use></svg> </span> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_label" itemprop="name">Home</span> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_icon" aria-hidden="true"> <svg class="icon icon_angle_right"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#angle_right"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li class="breadcrumb_item"> <span class="breadcrumb_pill"> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_inner"> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_label">Research</span> <span class="breadcrumb_pill_icon" aria-hidden="true"> <svg class="icon icon_angle_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#angle_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page_intro"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell fs-lg-11 fs-lg-push-1"> <div class="page_intro_inner"> <h1 class="page_title" itemprop="name"> Research </h1> <p class="page_description" itemprop="description"> Bridging disciplines and accelerating discoveries in computer science. </p> <div class="page_nav"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell fs-lg-11"> <div class="page_nav_inner"> <div class="js-sub-nav-group sub_nav_group"> <button class="sub_nav_toggle js-sub-nav-toggle js-swap" data-swap-target=".js-sub-nav-group" data-swap-linked=""> <span class="sub_nav_toggle_inner_default sub_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="sub_nav_toggle_label_default sub_nav_toggle_label">In This Section</span> <span class="sub_nav_toggle_icon_default sub_nav_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="sub_nav_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="sub_nav_toggle_icon_inner_default sub_nav_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_navigation"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#navigation"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> <span class="sub_nav_toggle_inner_active sub_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="sub_nav_toggle_label_active sub_nav_toggle_label">Close</span> <span class="sub_nav_toggle_icon_active sub_nav_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="sub_nav_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="sub_nav_toggle_icon_inner_active sub_nav_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_close"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#close"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> </button> <nav class="js-sub-nav sub_nav" aria-label="Research" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="sub_nav_header"> <h2 class="sub_nav_title">Research Navigation</h2> </div> <div class="js-sub-nav-body sub_nav_body"> <div class="js-sub-nav-body-inner sub_nav_body_inner"> <ul class="js-sub-nav-list sub_nav_list" aria-label="Research"> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/theory-programming-languages/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Theory & Programming Languages</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/systems/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Systems & Networking</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computational-biology-medicine/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Computational Biology & Medicine</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/information-security/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Information Security</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/language-speech-processing/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Natural Language Processing</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/machine-learning-ai-and-data-science/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Machine Learning, AI, & Data Science</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/robotics-vision-graphics/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Robotics, Vision, & Graphics</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/human-computer-interaction/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Human-Computer Interaction</span> </a> </li> <li class="sub_nav_item"> <a class="sub_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computer-assisted-medicine/" itemprop="url"> <span class="sub_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Computer-Assisted Medicine</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page_header_media"> <figure class="page_header_figure"> <span class="lazy_image_wrapper page_header_image_wrapper"> <img class="js-lazy js-lazyload page_header_image" data-sizes="auto" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-500x282.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-1220x686.jpg 1220w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-980x552.jpg 980w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-740x416.jpg 740w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-500x282.jpg 500w" alt="A composite of students in the Robotorium, a student working on a laptop in the Schatz Lab, LCSR faculty and students in the Mock OR, and Suchi Saria and a collaborator."> </span> <noscript> <img class="page_header_image" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-500x282.jpg" srcset="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-1220x686.jpg 1220w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-980x552.jpg 980w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-740x416.jpg 740w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Research-500x282.jpg 500w" sizes="100vw" alt="A composite of students in the Robotorium, a student working on a laptop in the Schatz Lab, LCSR faculty and students in the Mock OR, and Suchi Saria and a collaborator." itemprop="primaryImageOfPage"> </noscript> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="js-header-particles header_particles"> <canvas class="js-header-particles-canvas header_particles_canvas"></canvas> <div class="header_particles_controls"> <button class="js-header-particles-play header_particles_control header_particles_play" aria-pressed="true"> <span class="header_particles_control_inner"> <span class="header_particles_control_label">Play background animation</span> <span class="header_particles_control_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_video_play"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#video_play"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> <button class="js-header-particles-pause header_particles_control header_particles_pause active" aria-pressed="false"> <span class="header_particles_control_inner"> <span class="header_particles_control_label">Pause background animation</span> <span class="header_particles_control_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_video_pause"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#video_pause"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> </div> </header> <main class="page "> <div class="page_content" id="skip_content" tabindex="-1"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell fs-lg-10 fs-xl-8 fs-lg-push-1"> <div class="typography" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"> <p>Computer science research at the Johns Hopkins University is advancing computing technology, enabling new modes of thought, and transforming society. Our faculty conduct innovative, collaborative research aimed at solving large and complex interdisciplinary problems, drawing upon the university鈥檚 renowned strengths in areas including artificial intelligence, robotics, speech and language processing, medicine, and public health.</p> <p><span>The department is rapidly growing, with current core research areas of theory and programming languages; systems and networking; computational biology and medicine; information security; natural language processing; machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data science; robotics, computer vision, and graphics; human-computer interaction; and computer-assisted medicine.</span></p> <p>Researchers partners with colleagues in other engineering disciplines, as well as with investigators from the Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the Applied Physics Laboratory.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="full_width_callouts"> <div class="link_group"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell fs-lg-10 fs-xl-8 fs-lg-push-1"> <div class="link_group_inner"> <div class="link_group_header"> <h2 class="link_group_title">Cross-Departmental Centers and Institutes</h2> </div> <ul class="link_group_list"> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="https://www.clsp.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Center for Language and Speech Processing</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="https://www.lcsr.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="http://isi.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Johns Hopkins Information Security Institute</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="http://idies.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Institute for Data Intensive Engineering and Science</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="http://malonecenter.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="http://hltcoe.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Human Language Technology Center of Excellence</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="http://ccb.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Center for Computational Biology</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="https://www.minds.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Mathematical Institute for Data Science</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="https://iaa.jhu.edu/" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Institute for Assured Autonomy </span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="link_group_item"> <a class="link_group_link" href="https://ai.jhu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" itemprop="relatedLink"> <span class="link_group_link_inner"> <span class="link_group_link_label">Johns Hopkins Data Science and AI Institute</span> <span class="link_group_link_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="topics"> <div class="topics_inner"> <div class="topics_header"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell fs-lg-10 fs-xl-8 fs-lg-push-1"> <div class="topics_header_inner"> <h2 class="topics_title"> <span class="topics_title_label">Research Areas </span> </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topics_body"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Theory & Programming Languages</h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Focusing on the design, implementation, and use of computer programming languages.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/theory-programming-languages/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Systems & Networking</h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Our faculty are undertaking research into all aspects of computer systems and networks.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/systems/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Computational Biology & Medicine </h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Faculty are engaged in a wide range of computational health and biology projects, from using data-driven tools to detect early signs of sepsis to DNA sequencing technology and evolutionary genomics.<br /> </p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computational-biology-medicine/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Information Security </h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Hopkins researchers are working to safeguard our digital world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/information-security/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Natural Language Processing </h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Creating innovative new technologies that will enable more natural interaction between human and computers.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/language-speech-processing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Machine Learning, AI, & Data Science</h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Applying cutting-edge machine learning techniques to new datasets and domains.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/machine-learning-ai-and-data-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Robotics, Vision, & Graphics </h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p> Research spans the areas of computer vision, computer graphics, and augmented and virtual reality.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/robotics-vision-graphics/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn More</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Human-Computer Interaction</h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Placing people at the center of technological innovation.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/human-computer-interaction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn more</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="topic"> <div class="topic_inner"> <div class="topic_wrapper"> <div class="topic_header"> <h3 class="topic_title">Computer-Assisted Medicine</h3> </div> <div class="topic_body"> <div class="topic_description"> <p>Our faculty are shaping the digital future across all aspects of health care.</p> </div> </div> <div class="topic_links"> <a class="topic_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computer-assisted-medicine/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="topic_link_inner"><span class="topic_link_label">Learn more</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visual color_dark"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="visual_inner"> <figure class="visual_figure" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="lazy_image_wrapper visual_image_wrapper"> <img class="js-lazy js-lazyload visual_image" data-sizes="auto" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-300x200.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-980x654.jpg 980w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-740x494.jpg 740w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-500x334.jpg 500w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-300x200.jpg 300w" alt="A close-up shot of servers in a server rack with lighted LEDs."> </span> <noscript> <img class="visual_image" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-300x200.jpg" srcset="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-980x654.jpg 980w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-740x494.jpg 740w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-500x334.jpg 500w, https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Front-page-thumbnail-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="A close-up shot of servers in a server rack with lighted LEDs." itemprop="image"> </noscript> </figure> <div class="visual_wrapper"> <div class="visual_header"> <h2 class="visual_title">The Johns Hopkins Data Science and AI Institute</h2> </div> <div class="visual_body"> <div class="visual_description"> <p>Johns Hopkins has made a transformational investment in the power and promise of data science and artificial intelligence and is building the nation鈥檚 foremost destination for emerging applications, opportunities and challenges presented by data science, machine learning, and AI.</p> </div> </div> <div class="visual_links"> <a class="visual_link" href="https://ai.jhu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <span class="visual_link_inner"><span class="visual_link_label">Learn more</span></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main>   <footer class="footer" id="footer"> <div class="footer_bar"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="footer_bar_inner"> <div class="social_nav" itemprop="creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CollegeOrUniversity"> <link itemprop="url" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu"> <div class="social_nav_header"> <h2 class="social_nav_title"> <span class="social_nav_title_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_connect"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#connect"></use></svg> </span> <span class="social_nav_title_label">Stay Connected</span> </h2> </div> <ul class="social_nav_list" aria-label="Stay Connected"> <li class="social_nav_item"> <a class="social_nav_link social_nav_link_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/compscijhu?ref=hl" target="_blank" rel="noopener" itemprop="sameAs"> <span class="social_nav_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_facebook"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#facebook"></use></svg> </span> <span class="social_nav_label">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="social_nav_item"> <a class="social_nav_link social_nav_link_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/JHUCompSci" target="_blank" rel="noopener" itemprop="sameAs"> <span class="social_nav_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_twitter"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#twitter"></use></svg> </span> <span class="social_nav_label">Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="social_nav_item"> <a class="social_nav_link social_nav_link_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/jhucompsci/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" itemprop="sameAs"> <span class="social_nav_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_instagram"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#instagram"></use></svg> </span> <span class="social_nav_label">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li class="social_nav_item"> <a class="social_nav_link social_nav_link_youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/HopkinsEngineer" target="_blank" rel="noopener" itemprop="sameAs"> <span class="social_nav_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_youtube"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#youtube"></use></svg> </span> <span class="social_nav_label">YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li class="social_nav_item"> <a class="social_nav_link social_nav_link_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/johns-hopkins-department-of-computer-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" itemprop="sameAs"> <span class="social_nav_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_linkedin"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#linkedin"></use></svg> </span> <span class="social_nav_label">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_primary"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="footer_primary_inner"> <div class="alert_toggle"> <button class="js-swap js-alert-open alert_open" data-swap-target=".js-alert" data-swap-linked="alert"> <span class="alert_open_inner"> <span class="alert_open_icon" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="alert_open_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_plus"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#plus"></use></svg> </span> </span> <span class="alert_open_label">Open site alert</span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="meta_info" id="meta_info" itemprop="creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CollegeOrUniversity"> <h2 class="meta_info_name" itemprop="name">Department of Computer Science</h2> <meta content="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse//images/logo-schema.png" itemprop="logo"> <div class="meta_info_details"> <div class="meta_info_details_set"> <h3 class="meta_info_details_label">Address</h3> <div class="meta_info_detail meta_detail_address" itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <div class="meta_info_detail_label"> <span class="meta_info_address_street" itemprop="streetAddress">3400 North Charles Street</span> <span class="meta_info_address_group"> <span class="meta_info_address_city" itemprop="addressLocality">Baltimore</span>, <span class="meta_info_address_state" itemprop="addressRegion">MD</span> <span class="meta_info_address_zip" itemprop="postalCode">21218</span> </span> </div> <a class="meta_info_detail_link" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/?q=place_id:ChIJ0c_fBN8EyIkR-c2XdIBfEuA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get Directions</a> </div> </div> <div class="meta_info_details_set"> <h3 class="meta_info_details_label">Contact</h3> <div class="meta_info_detail meta_detail_email"> <span class="meta_info_detail_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_mail"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#mail"></use></svg> </span> <a class="meta_info_detail_label meta_info_detail_link" href="mailto:contactus@cs.jhu.edu" itemprop="email"><span class="meta_info_detail_label_hint">Email:</span> contactus@cs.jhu.edu</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="js-nav js-footer-nav nav footer_nav" aria-label="Footer" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header footer_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title footer_nav_title">Footer Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-footer-nav-list nav_list footer_nav_list" aria-label="Footer Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-footer-nav-item js-footer-nav-item-1 nav_item footer_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner footer_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-footer-nav-link nav_link footer_nav_link" href="https://engineering.jhu.edu/admissions/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label footer_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Apply Now!</span><span class="nav_link_indicator footer_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="footer_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-footer-nav-item js-footer-nav-item-2 nav_item footer_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner footer_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-footer-nav-link nav_link footer_nav_link" href="https://engineering.jhu.edu/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label footer_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Whiting School of Engineering</span><span class="nav_link_indicator footer_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="footer_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-footer-nav-item js-footer-nav-item-3 nav_item footer_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner footer_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-footer-nav-link nav_link footer_nav_link" href="https://jhu.edu" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label footer_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Johns Hopkins University</span><span class="nav_link_indicator footer_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="footer_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_ribbon"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="footer_ribbon_inner"> <nav class="js-nav js-legal-nav nav legal_nav" aria-label="Legal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header legal_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title legal_nav_title">Legal Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-legal-nav-list nav_list legal_nav_list" aria-label="Legal Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-legal-nav-item js-legal-nav-item-1 nav_item legal_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner legal_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-legal-nav-link nav_link legal_nav_link" href="https://it.johnshopkins.edu/policies/privacystatement" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label legal_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Privacy Statement</span><span class="nav_link_indicator legal_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="legal_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-legal-nav-item js-legal-nav-item-2 nav_item legal_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner legal_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-legal-nav-link nav_link legal_nav_link" href="https://accessibility.jhu.edu/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label legal_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Accessibility</span><span class="nav_link_indicator legal_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="legal_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-legal-nav-item js-legal-nav-item-3 nav_item legal_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner legal_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-legal-nav-link nav_link legal_nav_link" href="https://www.jhu.edu/university-policies/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label legal_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">University Policies</span><span class="nav_link_indicator legal_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="legal_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-legal-nav-item js-legal-nav-item-4 nav_item legal_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner legal_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-legal-nav-link nav_link legal_nav_link" href="https://www.jhu.edu/assets/uploads/2016/11/compliance_policy.pdf" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label legal_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Copyright Compliance Policy</span><span class="nav_link_indicator legal_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="legal_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav><p class="copyright"><span class="copyright_year" itemprop="copyrightYear">2024</span> <span class="copyright_holder" itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CollegeOrUniversity"><span class="copyright_holder_name" itemprop="name">Johns Hopkins University</span>.</span> <span class="copyright_rights">All rights reserved.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  </div>  <section class="js-menu menu" id="menu" aria-label="Site Menu"> <div class="menu_header"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="menu_header_inner"> <h2 class="menu_title">Site Menu</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu_primary"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="menu_primary_inner"> <nav class="js-nav js-main-nav js-main-nav-sm nav main_nav main_nav_sm" aria-label="Site" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header main_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title main_nav_title">Site Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-main-nav-list nav_list main_nav_list" aria-label="Site Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-1 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">About</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-1" data-swap-group="main_nav_sm" aria-label="About" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="About"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/message-from-dept-head/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Message from the Department Head</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/diversity-and-inclusion/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Diversity and Inclusion</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/about/employment-opportunities/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Employment Opportunities</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-2 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Academic Programs</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-2" data-swap-group="main_nav_sm" aria-label="Academic Programs" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="Academic Programs"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/program-enrollment-and-outcomes/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Accreditation & Enrollment</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/undergraduate-studies/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Undergraduate Studies</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/graduate-studies/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Graduate Studies</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/combined-bachelors-masters/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Combined Bachelor鈥檚/Master鈥檚</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/academic-programs/academic-integrity-code/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Academic Integrity Code</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-3 nav_item main_nav_item has_children active"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link active" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/" itemprop="url" aria-current="page"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Research</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-3" data-swap-group="main_nav_sm" aria-label="Research" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="Research"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/theory-programming-languages/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Theory & Programming Languages</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/systems/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Systems & Networking</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computational-biology-medicine/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Computational Biology & Medicine</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/information-security/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Information Security</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/language-speech-processing/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Natural Language Processing</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/machine-learning-ai-and-data-science/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Machine Learning, AI, & Data Science</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/robotics-vision-graphics/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Robotics, Vision, & Graphics</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/human-computer-interaction/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Human-Computer Interaction</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/research/computer-assisted-medicine/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Computer-Assisted Medicine</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-4 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">People</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-4" data-swap-group="main_nav_sm" aria-label="People" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="People"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/faculty/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Faculty</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/cs-affiliates/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Joint, Affiliate, & Research Faculty</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/administrative-staff/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Staff</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/phd-students/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">PhD Students</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/cs-external-advisory-board/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">External Advisory Board</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/people/faculty-awards-honors/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Faculty Awards & Honors</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-5 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/news/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">News</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-5" data-swap-group="main_nav_sm" aria-label="News" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="News"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/cs-newsletter/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">CS Newsletter</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-6 nav_item main_nav_item has_children"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/events/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Events</span></a> <button class="js-swap js-nav-toggle js-main-nav-toggle nav_toggle main_nav_toggle" data-swap-target=".js-main-nav-item-6" data-swap-group="main_nav_sm" aria-label="Events" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="nav_toggle_inner main_nav_toggle_inner"> <span class="nav_toggle_icon main_nav_toggle_icon"> <svg class="icon icon_caret_down"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#caret_down"></use></svg> </span> </span> </button> </div> <ul class="js-nav-children js-main-nav-children nav_children main_nav_children" aria-label="Events"> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/department-seminars/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Department Seminars</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://lists.cs.jhu.edu/mailman/listinfo/sem" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">Join our Seminar Listserv</span> </a> </li> <li class="js-nav-child-item js-main-nav-child-item nav_child_item main_nav_child_item"> <a class="js-nav-child-link js-main-nav-child-link nav_child_link main_nav_child_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/distinguished-lecture-series/" itemprop="url"> <span class="nav_child_link_label main_nav_child_link_label" itemprop="name">CS Distinguished Lecture Series</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-main-nav-item js-main-nav-item-7 nav_item main_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner main_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-main-nav-link nav_link main_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/alumni-and-giving/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label main_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Alumni & Giving</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav><nav class="js-nav js-utility-nav js-utility-nav-sm nav utility_nav utility_nav_sm" aria-label="Utility" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header utility_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title utility_nav_title">Utility Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-utility-nav-list nav_list utility_nav_list" aria-label="Utility Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-utility-nav-item js-utility-nav-item-1 nav_item utility_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner utility_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-utility-nav-link nav_link utility_nav_link" href="https://engineering.jhu.edu/request-information/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label utility_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Request Info</span><span class="nav_link_indicator utility_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="utility_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-utility-nav-item js-utility-nav-item-2 nav_item utility_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner utility_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-utility-nav-link nav_link utility_nav_link" href="https://engineering.jhu.edu/admissions/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label utility_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Apply</span><span class="nav_link_indicator utility_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="utility_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> <li class="js-nav-item js-utility-nav-item js-utility-nav-item-3 nav_item utility_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner utility_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-utility-nav-link nav_link utility_nav_link" href="https://makeagift.jhu.edu/form/eng" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label utility_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">Give</span><span class="nav_link_indicator utility_nav_link_indicator" aria-hidden="true"><span class="utility_nav_link_indicator_spacer"></span> <svg class="icon icon_external"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#external"></use></svg> </span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav><nav class="js-nav js-secondary-nav js-secondary-nav-sm nav secondary_nav secondary_nav_sm" aria-label="Secondary" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div class="nav_header secondary_nav_header"> <h2 class="nav_title secondary_nav_title">Secondary Navigation</h2> </div> <ul class="js-nav-list js-secondary-nav-list nav_list secondary_nav_list" aria-label="Secondary Navigation"> <li class="js-nav-item js-secondary-nav-item js-secondary-nav-item-1 nav_item secondary_nav_item"> <div class="nav_item_inner secondary_nav_item_inner"> <a class="js-nav-link js-secondary-nav-link nav_link secondary_nav_link" href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/it-support/" itemprop="url"><span class="nav_link_label secondary_nav_link_label" itemprop="name">CS IT Support</span></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu_close"> <div class="fs-row"> <div class="fs-cell"> <div class="menu_close_inner"> <button class="menu_close_toggle js-menu-close-toggle js-swap" data-swap-target=".menu" data-swap-linked="menu"> <span class="menu_close_toggle_inner_default menu_close_toggle_inner"> <span class="menu_close_toggle_label_default menu_close_toggle_label">Close</span> <span class="menu_close_toggle_icon_default menu_close_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="menu_close_toggle_icon_spacer"></span><span class="menu_close_toggle_icon_inner_default menu_close_toggle_icon_inner"> <svg class="icon icon_close"><use xlink:href="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/images/icons.svg#close"></use></svg> </span></span> </span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script> var WWW_ROOT = "https://www.cs.jhu.edu/"; var STATIC_ROOT = "https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/"; </script> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/themes/wse/js/site.js?ver=bb55d6eed1acb6f10094620d2476e159" id="site-js"></script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions = { elements_selector: "iframe[data-lazy-src]", data_src: "lazy-src", data_srcset: "lazy-srcset", data_sizes: "lazy-sizes", class_loading: "lazyloading", class_loaded: "lazyloaded", threshold: 300, callback_loaded: function(element) { if ( element.tagName === "IFRAME" && element.dataset.rocketLazyload == "fitvidscompatible" ) { if (element.classList.contains("lazyloaded") ) { if (typeof window.jQuery != "undefined") { if (jQuery.fn.fitVids) { jQuery(element).parent().fitVids(); } } } } }}; window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized', function (e) { var lazyLoadInstance = e.detail.instance; if (window.MutationObserver) { var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { var image_count = 0; var iframe_count = 0; var rocketlazy_count = 0; mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { for (var i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) { if (typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName !== 'function') { continue; } if (typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName !== 'function') { continue; } images = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img'); is_image = mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName == "IMG"; iframes = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe'); is_iframe = mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName == "IFRAME"; rocket_lazy = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload'); image_count += images.length; iframe_count += iframes.length; rocketlazy_count += rocket_lazy.length; if(is_image){ image_count += 1; } if(is_iframe){ iframe_count += 1; } } } ); if(image_count > 0 || iframe_count > 0 || rocketlazy_count > 0){ lazyLoadInstance.update(); } } ); var b = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; var config = { childList: true, subtree: true }; observer.observe(b, config); } }, false);</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://www.cs.jhu.edu/wp-content/plugins/rocket-lazy-load/assets/js/16.1/lazyload.min.js"></script><script>function lazyLoadThumb(e,alt){var t='<img src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ID/hqdefault.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="360">',a='<button class="play" aria-label="play Youtube video"></button>';t=t.replace('alt=""','alt="'+alt+'"');return t.replace("ID",e)+a}function lazyLoadYoutubeIframe(){var e=document.createElement("iframe"),t="ID?autoplay=1";t+=0===this.parentNode.dataset.query.length?'':'&'+this.parentNode.dataset.query;e.setAttribute("src",t.replace("ID",this.parentNode.dataset.src)),e.setAttribute("frameborder","0"),e.setAttribute("allowfullscreen","1"),e.setAttribute("allow", "accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"),this.parentNode.parentNode.replaceChild(e,this.parentNode)}document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){var e,t,p,a=document.getElementsByClassName("rll-youtube-player");for(t=0;t<a.length;t++)e=document.createElement("div"),e.setAttribute("data-id",a[t].dataset.id),e.setAttribute("data-query", a[t].dataset.query),e.setAttribute("data-src", a[t].dataset.src),e.innerHTML=lazyLoadThumb(a[t].dataset.id,a[t].dataset.alt),a[t].appendChild(e),p=e.querySelector('.play'),p.onclick=lazyLoadYoutubeIframe});</script> </body>  </html>