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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_and_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Origin and evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Umbriel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(maan)" title="Umbriel (maan) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Umbriel (maan)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(Mond)" title="Umbriel (Mond) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Umbriel (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="أومبريل (قمر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أومبريل (قمر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(satelite)" title="Umbriel (satelite) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Umbriel (satelite)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambriel_(Uran%C4%B1n_peyki)" title="Ambriel (Uranın peyki) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ambriel (Uranın peyki)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="آمبریل (قمر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمبریل (قمر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(o%C4%93-chhe%E2%81%BF)" title="Umbriel (oē-chheⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Umbriel (oē-chheⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Умбрыэль (спадарожнік Урана) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Умбрыэль (спадарожнік Урана)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Умбрыель (спадарожнік Урана) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Умбрыель (спадарожнік Урана)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Умбриел (спътник) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Умбриел (спътник)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(sat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit)" title="Umbriel (satèl·lit) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Umbriel (satèl·lit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(bulan)" title="Umbriel (bulan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Umbriel (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(m%C4%9Bs%C3%ADc)" title="Umbriel (měsíc) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umbriel (měsíc)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(lloeren)" title="Umbriel (lloeren) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Umbriel (lloeren)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Umbriel (måne) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Umbriel (måne)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BB_(%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Ουμβριήλ (δορυφόρος) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουμβριήλ (δορυφόρος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrielo_(luno)" title="Umbrielo (luno) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Umbrielo (luno)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(satelitea)" title="Umbriel (satelitea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Umbriel (satelitea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="اومبریل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اومبریل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(lune)" title="Umbriel (lune) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Umbriel (lune)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(eayst)" title="Umbriel (eayst) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Umbriel (eayst)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(l%C3%BAa)" title="Umbriel (lúa) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Umbriel (lúa)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%80%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%98_(%EC%9C%84%EC%84%B1)" title="움브리엘 (위성) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="움브리엘 (위성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%AC_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Ումբրիել (արբանյակ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ումբրիել (արբանյակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="अम्ब्रिअल (उपग्रह) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अम्ब्रिअल (उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(mjesec)" title="Umbriel (mjesec) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umbriel (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(satelit)" title="Umbriel (satelit) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Umbriel (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C" title="אומבריאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אומבריאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="უმბრიელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უმბრიელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Умбриэль – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Умбриэль" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enbry%C3%A8l" title="Enbryèl – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enbryèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83)" title="Умбриэль (планета жандоочусу) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Умбриэль (планета жандоочусу)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(satelles)" title="Umbriel (satelles) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Umbriel (satelles)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriels_(pavadonis)" title="Umbriels (pavadonis) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Umbriels (pavadonis)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrielis_(palydovas)" title="Umbrielis (palydovas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Umbrielis (palydovas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(hold)" title="Umbriel (hold) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Umbriel (hold)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Умбриел (месечина) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Умбриел (месечина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(bulan)" title="Umbriel (bulan) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Umbriel (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(%C3%B4i-s%C4%ADng)" title="Umbriel (ôi-sĭng) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Umbriel (ôi-sĭng)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Umbriel (satélite) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Umbriel (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C)" title="အမ်ဘရီယယ် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမ်ဘရီယယ် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(maan)" title="Umbriel (maan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Umbriel (maan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB" title="ウンブリエル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウンブリエル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Umbriel (måne) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Umbriel (måne)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranusm%C3%A5nen_Umbriel" title="Uranusmånen Umbriel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uranusmånen Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriyel" title="Umbriyel – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Umbriyel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(Maand)" title="Umbriel (Maand) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Umbriel (Maand)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Umbriel (księżyc) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Umbriel (księżyc)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(satelit)" title="Umbriel (satelit) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Umbriel (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Умбриэль (спутник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Умбриэль (спутник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83)" title="अम्ब्रिअल (उपग्रहः) – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अम्ब्रिअल (उपग्रहः)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)" title="Umbriel (moon) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Umbriel (moon)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(mesiac)" title="Umbriel (mesiac) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umbriel (mesiac)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(luna)" title="Umbriel (luna) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Umbriel (luna)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8E%D9%84_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="ومبریێل (مانگ) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ومبریێل (مانگ)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Умбријел (сателит) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Умбријел (сателит)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel" title="Umbriel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Umbriel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="อัมเบรียล (ดาวบริวาร) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัมเบรียล (ดาวบริวาร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(uydu)" title="Umbriel (uydu) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Umbriel (uydu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Умбрієль (супутник) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Умбрієль (супутник)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="امبریل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امبریل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(v%E1%BB%87_tinh)" title="Umbriel (vệ tinh) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Umbriel (vệ tinh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(bulan)" title="Umbriel (bulan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Umbriel (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="天卫二 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天卫二" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C" title="天衛二 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天衛二" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Moon of Uranus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Umbriel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Umbriel (disambiguation)">Umbriel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Umbriel</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A round spherical body with its left half illuminated. The surface is dark and has a low contrast. There are only a few bright patches. The terminator is slightly to the right from the center and runs from the top to bottom. A large crater named Wunda with a bright ring on its floor can be seen at the top of the image near the terminator. A pair of large craters with bright central peaks can be seen along the terminator in the upper part of the body. The illuminated surface is covered by a large number of craters." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg/290px-PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg/435px-PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg/580px-PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Grayscale image of Umbriel from <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i>, January 1986. Umbriel's surface is heavily battered; the bright crater Wunda can be seen at the top of the image.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF">Discovery</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">October 24, 1851</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Designation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Uranus II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-dict-def_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dict-def-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Umbrielian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><sup id="cite_ref-orbit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orbit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008266000000000000♠"></span>266<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> km</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997390000000000000♠"></span>0.0039</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000414400000000000♠"></span>4.144 <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">d</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Average <a href="/wiki/Orbital_speed" title="Orbital speed">orbital speed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.67 km/s (calculated)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997223402144255274♠"></span>0.128°</span> (to Uranus's equator)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Satellite of</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span>Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003116940000000000♠"></span>1,169.4<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>5.6</span> km<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_1988_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean radius</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005584700000000000♠"></span>584.7<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2.8 km</span> (0.092 Earths)<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_1988_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Spheroid#Surface_area" title="Spheroid">Surface area</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7012429600000000000♠"></span>4<span style="margin-left:.25em;">296</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> km<sup>2</sup></span> (0.008 Earths)<sup id="cite_ref-surface_area_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surface_area-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7017837300000000000♠"></span>837<span style="margin-left:.25em;">300</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> km<sup>3</sup></span> (0.0008 Earths)<sup id="cite_ref-volume_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volume-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7021128849999999999♠"></span>(1.2885<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0225)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>21</sup> kg</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003153900000000000♠"></span>1.539 g/cm<sup>3</sup></span> (calculated)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">Surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.195 <a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">m/s<sup>2</sup></a> (~0.0257 <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">g</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-surface_gravity_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surface_gravity-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.542 km/s<sup id="cite_ref-escape_velocity_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escape_velocity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic rotation period">Synodic rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">presumed <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous rotation">synchronous</a><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>0.26 (geometrical)</li> <li>0.10 (Bond)<sup id="cite_ref-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; margin:0; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">min</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">mean</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">max</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em">solstice<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <td style="text-align:center">?</td> <td style="text-align:center">≈ 75 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td> <td style="text-align:center">85 K</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15.1<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF">Atmosphere</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Surface <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">pressure</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">zero (presumed to be extremely low)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Umbriel</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Moon_of_Uranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon of Uranus">moon of Uranus</a>. It was discovered on October 24, 1851, by <a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a> at the same time as neighboring moon <a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a>. It was named after a character in <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>'s 1712 poem <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>. Umbriel consists mainly of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> with a substantial fraction of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a>, and may be <a href="/wiki/Planetary_differentiation" title="Planetary differentiation">differentiated</a> into a rocky <a href="/wiki/Core_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Core (geology)">core</a> and an icy <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>. The surface is the darkest among Uranian moons, and appears to have been shaped primarily by impacts, but the presence of canyons suggests early internal processes, and the moon may have undergone an early endogenically driven resurfacing event that obliterated its older surface. </p><p>Covered by numerous <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">impact craters</a> reaching 210 km (130 mi) in diameter, Umbriel is the second-most heavily cratered satellite of Uranus after <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a>. The most prominent surface feature is a ring of bright material on the floor of <a href="/wiki/Wunda_(crater)" title="Wunda (crater)">Wunda</a> crater. This moon, like all regular moons of Uranus, probably formed from an <a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">accretion disk</a> that surrounded the planet just after its formation. Umbriel has been studied up close only once, by the spacecraft <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> in January 1986. It took several images of Umbriel, which allowed mapping of about 40% of the moon's surface. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_and_name">Discovery and name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery and name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umbriel, along with another Uranian satellite, <a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a>, was discovered by <a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a> on October 24, 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lassell_1851_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lassell_1851-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lassell,_letter_1851_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lassell,_letter_1851-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, the discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a>, claimed at the end of the 18th century that he had observed four additional moons of Uranus,<sup id="cite_ref-Herschel_1798_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herschel_1798-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his observations were not confirmed and those four objects are now thought to be spurious.<sup id="cite_ref-Struve_1848_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Struve_1848-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of Uranus's moons are named after characters created by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>. The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> (son of William) in 1852 at the request of Lassell,<sup id="cite_ref-Lassell_1852_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lassell_1852-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it is uncertain if Herschel devised the names, or if Lassell did so and then sought Herschel's permission.<sup id="cite_ref-podcast_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-podcast-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umbriel is the "dusky melancholy sprite" in Alexander Pope's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kuiper_1949_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuiper_1949-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the name suggests the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Umbra" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbra">umbra</a></i></span>, meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">shadow</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>. The moon is also designated <i>Uranus II</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lassell,_letter_1851_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lassell,_letter_1851-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit">Orbit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umbriel orbits Uranus at the distance of about 266,000 km (165,000 mi), being the third farthest from the planet among its <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">five major moons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umbriel's orbit has a small <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">eccentricity</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">inclined</a> very little relative to the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> of Uranus.<sup id="cite_ref-orbit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orbit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">orbital period</a> is around 4.1 Earth days, coincident with its <a href="/wiki/Rotational_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational period">rotational period</a>, making it a <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_orbit" title="Synchronous orbit">synchronous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tidally_locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidally locked">tidally locked</a> satellite, with one face always pointing toward its parent planet.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umbriel's orbit lies completely inside the <a href="/wiki/Magnetosphere_of_Uranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetosphere of Uranus">Uranian magnetosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is important, because the trailing <a href="/wiki/Sphere#Hemisphere" title="Sphere">hemispheres</a> of airless satellites orbiting inside a magnetosphere (like Umbriel) are struck by magnetospheric <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a>, which co-rotates with the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-Ness_Acuña_et_al._1986_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ness_Acuña_et_al._1986-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This bombardment may lead to the darkening of the trailing hemispheres, which is observed for all Uranian moons except <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a> (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umbriel also serves as a sink of the magnetospheric charged particles, which creates a pronounced dip in energetic particle count near the moon's orbit as observed by <i>Voyager 2</i> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Krimigis_Armstrong_et_al._1986_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krimigis_Armstrong_et_al._1986-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Uranus orbits the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> almost on its side, and its moons orbit in the planet's equatorial plane, Umbriel and the other moons are subject to an extreme seasonal cycle. Both northern and southern <a href="/wiki/Poles_of_astronomical_bodies#Geographic_poles" title="Poles of astronomical bodies">poles</a> spend 42 years in complete darkness, and another 42 years in continuous sunlight, with the Sun rising close to the <a href="/wiki/Zenith" title="Zenith">zenith</a> over one of the poles at each <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Voyager 2</i> flyby coincided with the southern hemisphere's 1986 summer solstice, when nearly the entire northern hemisphere was unilluminated. Once every 42 years, when Uranus has an <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a> and its equatorial plane intersects the Earth, mutual <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occultations</a> of Uranus's moons become possible. In 2007–2008, several such events were observed including two occultations of Titania by Umbriel on August 15 and December 8, 2007, as well as of Ariel by Umbriel on August 19, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_Chanover_2009_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_Chanover_2009-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arlot_Dumas_et_al._2008_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arlot_Dumas_et_al._2008-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, Umbriel is not involved in any <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with other Uranian satellites. Early in its history however, it may have been in a 1:3 resonance with <a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a>. This would have increased Miranda's orbital eccentricity, contributing to the internal heating and geological activity of that moon, while Umbriel's orbit would have been less affected.<sup id="cite_ref-Tittemore_Wisdom_1990_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tittemore_Wisdom_1990-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to Uranus's lower <a href="/wiki/Oblate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblate spheroid">oblateness</a> and smaller size relative to its satellites, its moons can escape more easily from a mean motion resonance than those of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>. After Miranda escaped from this resonance (through a mechanism that probably resulted in its anomalously high orbital inclination), its eccentricity would have been damped, turning off the heat source.<sup id="cite_ref-Tittemore_Wisdom_1989_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tittemore_Wisdom_1989-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malhotra_Dermott_1990_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malhotra_Dermott_1990-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_internal_structure">Composition and internal structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition and internal structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png/250px-Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png/375px-Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png/500px-Umbriel_Earth_Moon_Comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Size comparison of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, and Umbriel</figcaption></figure> <p>Umbriel is the third-largest and third-most massive of the Uranian moons. Umbriel is the 13th-largest moon in the Solar System, and it is also the 13th-most massive. The moon's density is 1.54 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which indicates that it mainly consists of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">water ice</a>, with a dense non-ice component constituting around 40% of its mass.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter could be made of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbonaceous</a> material including heavy <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compounds</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">tholins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of water ice is supported by <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectroscopic">spectroscopic</a> observations, which have revealed <a href="/wiki/Crystalline" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystalline">crystalline</a> water ice on the surface of the moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water ice <a href="/wiki/Absorption_band" title="Absorption band">absorption bands</a> are stronger on Umbriel's leading hemisphere than on the trailing hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cause of this asymmetry is not known, but it may be related to the bombardment by charged particles from the magnetosphere of Uranus, which is stronger on the trailing hemisphere (due to the plasma's co-rotation).<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The energetic particles tend to <a href="/wiki/Sputtering" title="Sputtering">sputter</a> water ice, decompose <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> trapped in ice as <a href="/wiki/Clathrate_hydrate" title="Clathrate hydrate">clathrate hydrate</a> and darken other organics, leaving a dark, carbon-rich <a href="/wiki/Residue_(chemistry)" title="Residue (chemistry)">residue</a> behind.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Except for water, the only other compound identified on the surface of Umbriel by the infrared spectroscopy is <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, which is concentrated mainly on the trailing hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origin of the carbon dioxide is not completely clear. It might be produced locally from <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonates</a> or organic materials under the influence of the energetic charged particles coming from the magnetosphere of Uranus or the solar <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> radiation. This hypothesis would explain the asymmetry in its distribution, as the trailing hemisphere is subject to a more intense magnetospheric influence than the leading hemisphere. Another possible source is the <a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">outgassing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Primordial_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Primordial element">primordial</a> CO<sub>2</sub> trapped by water ice in Umbriel's interior. The escape of CO<sub>2</sub> from the interior may be a result of past geological activity on this moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Umbriel may be differentiated into a rocky <a href="/wiki/Core_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Core (geology)">core</a> surrounded by an icy <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this is the case, the radius of the core (317 km) is about 54% of the radius of the moon, and its mass is around 40% of the moon's mass—the parameters are dictated by the moon's composition. The pressure in the center of Umbriel is about 0.24 <a href="/wiki/GPa" class="mw-redirect" title="GPa">GPa</a> (2.4 <a href="/wiki/Kbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kbar">kbar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current state of the icy mantle is unclear, although the existence of a subsurface ocean is considered unlikely.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surface_features">Surface features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Surface features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umbriel's surface is the darkest of the Uranian moons, and reflects less than half as much light as Ariel, a sister satellite of similar size.<sup id="cite_ref-JPLSSD_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPLSSD-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umbriel has a very low <a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond albedo</a> of only about 10% as compared to 23% for Ariel.<sup id="cite_ref-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reflectivity of the moon's surface decreases from 26% at a phase angle of 0° (<a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric albedo</a>) to 19% at an angle of about 1°. This phenomenon is called <a href="/wiki/Opposition_surge" title="Opposition surge">opposition surge</a>. The surface of Umbriel is slightly blue in color,<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_McCord_1991_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell_McCord_1991-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while fresh bright impact deposits (in <a href="/wiki/Wunda_(crater)" title="Wunda (crater)">Wunda</a> crater, for instance)<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are even bluer. There may be an asymmetry between the leading and trailing hemispheres; the former appears to be redder than the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-Buratti_Mosher_1991_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buratti_Mosher_1991-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reddening of the surfaces probably results from <a href="/wiki/Space_weathering" title="Space weathering">space weathering</a> from bombardment by charged particles and <a href="/wiki/Micrometeoroid" title="Micrometeoroid">micrometeorites</a> over the age of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_McCord_1991_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell_McCord_1991-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the color asymmetry of Umbriel is likely caused by accretion of a reddish material coming from outer parts of the Uranian system, possibly, from <a href="/wiki/Irregular_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Irregular satellite">irregular satellites</a>, which would occur predominately on the leading hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Buratti_Mosher_1991_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buratti_Mosher_1991-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surface of Umbriel is relatively homogeneous—it does not demonstrate strong variation in either albedo or color.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_McCord_1991_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell_McCord_1991-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scientists have so far recognized only one class of geological feature on Umbriel—<a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">craters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surface of Umbriel has far more and larger craters than do Ariel and <a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a>. It shows the least geological activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, among the Uranian moons only Oberon has more impact craters than Umbriel. The observed crater diameters range from a few kilometers at the low end to 210 kilometers for the largest known crater, Wokolo.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usgs_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All recognized craters on Umbriel have central peaks,<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no crater has <a href="/wiki/Ray_system" title="Ray system">rays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Near Umbriel's equator lies the most prominent surface feature: Wunda crater, which has a diameter of about 131 km.<sup id="cite_ref-usgsWunda_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgsWunda-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hunt_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunt-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wunda has a large ring of bright material on its floor, which may be an impact deposit<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a deposit of pure <a href="/wiki/Dry_ice" title="Dry ice">carbon dioxide ice</a>, which formed when the radiolytically formed carbon dioxide migrated from all over the surface of Umbriel and then got trapped in relatively cold Wunda.<sup id="cite_ref-Sori2017_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sori2017-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby, seen along the <a href="/wiki/Terminator_(solar)" title="Terminator (solar)">terminator</a>, are the craters <a href="/wiki/Vuver_(crater)" title="Vuver (crater)">Vuver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skynd_(crater)" title="Skynd (crater)">Skynd</a>, which lack bright rims but possess bright central peaks.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hunt_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunt-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Study of limb profiles of Umbriel revealed a possible very large impact feature having the diameter of about 400 km and depth of approximately 5 km.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_Schenk_et_al._2004_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore_Schenk_et_al._2004-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much like other moons of Uranus, the surface of Umbriel is cut by a system of canyons trending northeast–southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-Croft1989_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croft1989-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are not officially recognized due to the poor imaging resolution and generally bland appearance of this moon, which hinders <a href="/wiki/Geologic_map" title="Geologic map">geological mapping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Umbriel's heavily cratered surface has probably been stable since the <a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">Late Heavy Bombardment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only signs of the ancient internal activity are canyons and dark polygons—dark patches with complex shapes measuring from tens to hundreds of kilometers across.<sup id="cite_ref-Helfenstein_Thomas_et_al._1989_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helfenstein_Thomas_et_al._1989-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The polygons were identified from precise photometry of <i>Voyager 2</i>'s images and are distributed more or less uniformly on the surface of Umbriel, trending northeast–southwest. Some polygons correspond to depressions of a few kilometers deep and may have been created during an early episode of tectonic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Helfenstein_Thomas_et_al._1989_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helfenstein_Thomas_et_al._1989-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently there is no explanation for why Umbriel is so dark and uniform in appearance. Its surface may be covered by a relatively thin layer of dark material (so called <i><a href="/wiki/Umbra" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbra">umbral</a> material</i>) excavated by an impact or expelled in an explosive volcanic eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buratti_Mosher_1991_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buratti_Mosher_1991-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, Umbriel's crust may be entirely composed of the dark material, which prevented formation of bright features like crater rays. However, the presence of the bright feature within Wunda seems to contradict this hypothesis.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"> <caption>Named craters on Umbriel<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spirits_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spirits-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Crater </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Coordinates </th> <th scope="col">Diameter (km) </th> <th scope="col">Approved </th> <th scope="col">Named after </th> <th scope="col">Ref </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Alberich </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=33.6_S_42.2_E_dim:52.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°36′S</span> <span class="longitude">42°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.6°S 42.2°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.6; 42.2</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>52.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberich" title="Alberich">Alberich</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/163">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fin </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=37.4_S_44.3_E_dim:43.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°24′S</span> <span class="longitude">44°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.4°S 44.3°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-37.4; 44.3</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>43.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fin_(troll)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fin (troll)">Fin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_folklore" title="Danish folklore">Danish</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1955">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gob </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=12.7_S_27.8_E_dim:88.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°42′S</span> <span class="longitude">27°48′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.7°S 27.8°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.7; 27.8</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>88.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Gob (<a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Pagan</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2196">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Kanaloa </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=10.8_S_345.7_E_dim:86.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°48′S</span> <span class="longitude">345°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.8°S 345.7°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-10.8; 345.7</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>86.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanaloa" title="Kanaloa">Kanaloa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2912">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Malingee </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=22.9_S_13.9_E_dim:164.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°54′S</span> <span class="longitude">13°54′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.9°S 13.9°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-22.9; 13.9</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>164.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Malingee (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal mythology</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3608">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Minepa </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=42.7_S_8.2_E_dim:58.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°42′S</span> <span class="longitude">8°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.7°S 8.2°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-42.7; 8.2</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>58.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Minepa">Minepa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makua_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makua (people)">Makua</a> people of <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3909">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Peri </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=9.2_S_4.3_E_dim:61.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°12′S</span> <span class="longitude">4°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.2°S 4.3°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-9.2; 4.3</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>61.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri">Peri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_mythology" title="Islamic mythology">Persian</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4657">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Setibos </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=30.8_S_346.3_E_dim:50.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°48′S</span> <span class="longitude">346°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.8°S 346.3°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-30.8; 346.3</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>50.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Setibos (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5443">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Skynd_(crater)" title="Skynd (crater)">Skynd</a> </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=1.8_S_331.7_E_dim:72.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°48′S</span> <span class="longitude">331°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.8°S 331.7°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-1.8; 331.7</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>72.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skynd_(troll)" title="Skynd (troll)">Skynd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_folklore" title="Danish folklore">Danish</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5595">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vuver_(crater)" title="Vuver (crater)">Vuver</a> </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=4.7_S_311.6_E_dim:98.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°42′S</span> <span class="longitude">311°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.7°S 311.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-4.7; 311.6</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>98.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vuver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vuver (page does not exist)">Vuver</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6460">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wokolo_(crater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wokolo (crater) (page does not exist)">Wokolo</a> </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=30_S_1.8_E_dim:208.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°00′S</span> <span class="longitude">1°48′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30°S 1.8°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-30; 1.8</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>208.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Wokolo (<a href="/wiki/Bambara_people" title="Bambara people">Bambara people</a> of West Africa) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6568">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wunda_(crater)" title="Wunda (crater)">Wunda</a> </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=7.9_S_273.6_E_dim:131.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°54′S</span> <span class="longitude">273°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.9°S 273.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-7.9; 273.6</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>131.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>Wunda (Australian Aboriginal mythology) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6587">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Zlyden </th> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Umbriel&params=23.3_S_326.2_E_dim:44.0km_globe:umbriel_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′S</span> <span class="longitude">326°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°S 326.2°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-23.3; 326.2</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>44.0 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlyden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlyden (page does not exist)">Zlyden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic</a>) </td> <td><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6747">WGPSN</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_evolution">Origin and evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origin and evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A spherical blueish body with its surface covered by craters and polygons. The lower right part is smooth." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg/220px-Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg/330px-Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg/440px-Umbriel_usgsx2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/False_color" title="False color">False color</a> image of Umbriel showing polygons</figcaption></figure> <p>Umbriel is thought to have formed from an <a href="/wiki/Accretion_disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Accretion disc">accretion disc</a> or subnebula; a disc of gas and dust that either existed around Uranus for some time after its formation or was created by the giant impact that most likely gave Uranus its large <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">obliquity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mousis_2004_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mousis_2004-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The precise composition of the subnebula is not known, but the higher density of Uranian moons compared to the <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">moons of Saturn</a> indicates that it may have been relatively water-poor.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> may have been present in the form of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> (CO) and molecular nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) instead of <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> and methane.<sup id="cite_ref-Mousis_2004_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mousis_2004-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moons that formed in such a subnebula would contain less water ice (with CO and N<sub>2</sub> trapped as clathrate) and more rock, explaining the higher density.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Umbriel's accretion probably lasted for several thousand years.<sup id="cite_ref-Mousis_2004_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mousis_2004-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The impacts that accompanied accretion caused heating of the moon's outer layer.<sup id="cite_ref-Squyres_Reynolds_et_al._1988_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squyres_Reynolds_et_al._1988-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maximum temperature of around 180 K was reached at the depth of about 3 km.<sup id="cite_ref-Squyres_Reynolds_et_al._1988_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squyres_Reynolds_et_al._1988-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of formation, the subsurface layer cooled, while the interior of Umbriel heated due to decay of <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactive elements</a> in its rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cooling near-surface layer contracted, while the interior expanded. This caused strong <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">extensional stresses</a> in the moon's crust, which may have led to cracking.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillier_&_Squyres_1991_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillier_&_Squyres_1991-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process probably lasted for about 200 million years, implying that any endogenous activity ceased billions of years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accretional heating</a> together with continued decay of radioactive elements may have led to melting of the ice<sup id="cite_ref-Squyres_Reynolds_et_al._1988_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squyres_Reynolds_et_al._1988-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> if an <a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">antifreeze</a> like ammonia (in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate">ammonia hydrate</a>) or some salt was present.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The melting may have led to the separation of ice from rocks and formation of a rocky core surrounded by an icy mantle.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A layer of liquid water (ocean) rich in dissolved ammonia may have formed at the core–mantle boundary. The <a href="/wiki/Eutectic_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutectic temperature">eutectic temperature</a> of this mixture is 176 K. The ocean is likely to have frozen long ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hussmann_Sohl_et_al._2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among Uranian moons Umbriel was least subjected to endogenic resurfacing processes,<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it may, like other Uranian moons, have experienced a very early resurfacing event.<sup id="cite_ref-Helfenstein_Thomas_et_al._1989_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helfenstein_Thomas_et_al._1989-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyager_spacecraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Voyager_spacecraft.jpg/220px-Voyager_spacecraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Voyager_spacecraft.jpg/330px-Voyager_spacecraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Voyager_spacecraft.jpg/440px-Voyager_spacecraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3017" data-file-height="2494" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Voyager 2</i> spacecraft</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus" title="Exploration of Uranus">Exploration of Uranus</a></div> <p>The only close-up images of Umbriel have been from the <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> probe, which photographed the moon during its flyby of Uranus in January 1986. Since the closest distance between <i>Voyager 2</i> and Umbriel was 325,000 km (202,000 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-Stone_1987_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone_1987-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the best images of this moon have a spatial resolution of about 5.2 km.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The images cover about 40% of the surface, but only 20% was photographed with enough quality for <a href="/wiki/Geological_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological mapping">geological mapping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Plescia_1987_33-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plescia_1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the flyby the southern hemisphere of Umbriel (like those of the other moons) was pointed towards the Sun, so the northern (dark) hemisphere could not be studied.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">List of natural satellites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-surface_area-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-surface_area_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Surface area derived from the radius <i>r</i> : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b81fcce302776a01dc66fc186a1ce0a616b4d772" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.597ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}}"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-volume-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-volume_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volume <i>v</i> derived from the radius <i>r</i> : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8f404b3cbe747937404f1a0bc0fbc167e6ecb2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.922ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi r^{3}/3}"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-surface_gravity-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-surface_gravity_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Surface gravity derived from the mass <i>m</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_constant" title="Gravitational constant">gravitational constant</a> <i>G</i> and the radius <i>r</i> : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Gm/r^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Gm/r^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ecf411b2c6f7541f7c491168f3dfda76c5b1079" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.132ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Gm/r^{2}}"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-escape_velocity-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-escape_velocity_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Escape velocity derived from the mass <i>m</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_constant" title="Gravitational constant">gravitational constant</a> <i>G</i> and the radius <i>r</i> : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aca3ee806315aee36fd0a0575f0c2285764da1ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:8.189ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {2Gm}{r}}}}"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The five major moons are <a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a>, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While a co-orbiting population of dust particles is another possible source of the dark material, this is considered less likely because other satellites were not affected.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spirits-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spirits_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Surface features on Umbriel are named for evil or dark spirits taken from various mythologies.<sup id="cite_ref-Strobell_&_Masursky_1987_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strobell_&_Masursky_1987-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a>, a Saturnian moon, has a density of 0.97 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, which suggests that over 90% of its composition is water.<sup id="cite_ref-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grundy_Young_et_al._2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dict-def-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dict-def_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Umbriel">"Umbriel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Umbriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FUmbriel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orbit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orbit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orbit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem">"Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters"</a>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planetary+Satellite+Mean+Orbital+Parameters&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory%2C+California+Institute+of+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2F%3Fsat_elem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_1988-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_1988_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_1988_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1988" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, P. C. (1988). "Radii, shapes, and topography of the satellites of Uranus from limb coordinates". <i>Icarus</i>. <b>73</b> (3): 427–441. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Icar...73..427T">1988Icar...73..427T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0019-1035%2888%2990054-1">10.1016/0019-1035(88)90054-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Radii%2C+shapes%2C+and+topography+of+the+satellites+of+Uranus+from+limb+coordinates&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=427-441&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0019-1035%2888%2990054-1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Icar...73..427T&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=P.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French_et_al._2024-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French_et_al._2024_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenchHedmanNicholsonLongaretti2024" class="citation journal cs1">French, Richard G.; Hedman, Matthew M.; Nicholson, Philip D.; Longaretti, Pierre-Yves; McGhee-French, Colleen A. (March 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524000150">"The Uranus system from occultation observations (1977–2006): Rings, pole direction, gravity field, and masses of Cressida, Cordelia, and Ophelia"</a>. <i>Icarus</i>. <b>411</b>: 115957. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04634">2401.04634</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024Icar..41115957F">2024Icar..41115957F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2024.115957">10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115957</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-1035">0019-1035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=The+Uranus+system+from+occultation+observations+%281977%E2%80%932006%29%3A+Rings%2C+pole+direction%2C+gravity+field%2C+and+masses+of+Cressida%2C+Cordelia%2C+and+Ophelia&rft.volume=411&rft.pages=115957&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2401.04634&rft.issn=0019-1035&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2024.115957&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2024Icar..41115957F&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft.au=Hedman%2C+Matthew+M.&rft.au=Nicholson%2C+Philip+D.&rft.au=Longaretti%2C+Pierre-Yves&rft.au=McGhee-French%2C+Colleen+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0019103524000150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobson (2023), as cited in French et al. (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-French_et_al._2024_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French_et_al._2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_Soderblom_et_al._1986_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith_Soderblom_et_al.1986" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (July 4, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1230972">"Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>233</b> (4759): 43–64. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986Sci...233...43S">1986Sci...233...43S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.233.4759.43">10.1126/science.233.4759.43</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17812889">17812889</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5895824">5895824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Voyager+2+in+the+Uranian+System%3A+Imaging+Science+Results&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=4759&rft.pages=43-64&rft.date=1986-07-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.233.4759.43&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5895824%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17812889&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986Sci...233...43S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rft.au=Soderblom%2C+L.+A.&rft.au=Beebe%2C+A.&rft.au=Bliss%2C+D.&rft.au=Boyce%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Brahic%2C+A.&rft.au=Briggs%2C+G.+A.&rft.au=Brown%2C+R.+H.&rft.au=Collins%2C+S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1230972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karkoschka_2001,_Hubble_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarkoschka,_Hubble2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Karkoschka" title="Erich Karkoschka">Karkoschka, Erich</a> (2001). 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"Accretional Heating of the Satellites of Saturn and Uranus". <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>93</b> (B8): 8779–8794. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JGR....93.8779S">1988JGR....93.8779S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJB093iB08p08779">10.1029/JB093iB08p08779</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2060%2F19870013922">2060/19870013922</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Accretional+Heating+of+the+Satellites+of+Saturn+and+Uranus&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=B8&rft.pages=8779-8794&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2060%2F19870013922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FJB093iB08p08779&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988JGR....93.8779S&rft.aulast=Squyres&rft.aufirst=S.+W.&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Ray+T.&rft.au=Summers%2C+Audrey+L.&rft.au=Shung%2C+Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillier_&_Squyres_1991-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hillier_&_Squyres_1991_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillierSquyres1991" class="citation journal cs1">Hillier, John; Squyres, Steven W. (August 1991). "Thermal stress tectonics on the satellites of Saturn and Uranus". <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>96</b> (E1): 15, 665–15, 674. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JGR....9615665H">1991JGR....9615665H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F91JE01401">10.1029/91JE01401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Thermal+stress+tectonics+on+the+satellites+of+Saturn+and+Uranus&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=E1&rft.pages=15%2C+665-15%2C+674&rft.date=1991-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F91JE01401&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JGR....9615665H&rft.aulast=Hillier&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Squyres%2C+Steven+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone_1987-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stone_1987_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone1987" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, E. C. (December 30, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/45315/1/1986-01.pdf">"The Voyager 2 Encounter with Uranus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>92</b> (A13): 14, 873–14, 876. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987JGR....9214873S">1987JGR....9214873S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJA092iA13p14873">10.1029/JA092iA13p14873</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0148-0227">0148-0227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Voyager+2+Encounter+with+Uranus&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=A13&rft.pages=14%2C+873-14%2C+876&rft.date=1987-12-30&rft.issn=0148-0227&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FJA092iA13p14873&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987JGR....9214873S&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=E.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauthors.library.caltech.edu%2F45315%2F1%2F1986-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbriel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Umbriel_(moon)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Umbriel (moon)">Umbriel (moon)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826163708/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Ura_Umbriel">"Umbriel Profile"</a>. NASA's Solar System Exploration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Ura_Umbriel">the original</a> on August 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Umbriel+Profile&rft.pub=NASA%27s+Solar+System+Exploration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fprofile.cfm%3FObject%3DUra_Umbriel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLassell1852" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lassell, Herrn W. (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1424629">"Entdeckung von 2 neuen Uranus Trabanten"</a>. <i>Astronomische Nachrichten</i> (in German). <b>33</b> (17): 259–262. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1851AN.....33..259L">1851AN.....33..259L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasna.18520331707">10.1002/asna.18520331707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomische+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=Entdeckung+von+2+neuen+Uranus+Trabanten&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=259-262&rft.date=1852&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fasna.18520331707&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1851AN.....33..259L&rft.aulast=Lassell&rft.aufirst=Herrn+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1424629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0737/">"Edge-on!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Telescope" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a>. August 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edge-on%21&rft.pub=Very+Large+Telescope&rft.date=2007-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eso.org%2Fpublic%2Fnews%2Feso0737%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmbriel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solarviews.com/eng/umbriel.htm">Umbriel page</a> (including a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solarviews.com/raw/uranus/umbmap1.jpg">labelled map of Umbriel</a>) at <i>Views of the Solar System</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/UMBRIEL/target">Umbriel Nomenclature</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/">USGS Planetary Nomenclature web site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Uranus" title="Template:Uranus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Uranus" title="Template talk:Uranus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Uranus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Uranus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uranus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Uranus" title="Outline of Uranus">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Uranus" title="Atmosphere of Uranus">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Uranus" title="Climate of Uranus">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Dark_Spot" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranus Dark Spot">Dark Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Rings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">Major moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Discovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kuiper" title="Gerard Kuiper">Gerard Kuiper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Elliot" title="James L. Elliot">James L. Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uranus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Uranus-crossing minor planets">Uranus-crossing minor planets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration" title="Co-orbital configuration">Co-orbitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranus trojan">Trojans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(687170)_2011_QF99" title="(687170) 2011 QF99"><span class="nowrap">2011 QF<sub>99</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(636872)_2014_YX49" title="(636872) 2014 YX49"><span class="nowrap">2014 YX<sub>49</sub></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83982_Crantor" title="83982 Crantor">83982 Crantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(472651)_2015_DB216" title="(472651) 2015 DB216">(472651) 2015 DB216</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus" title="Exploration of Uranus">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> (1986 flyby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-4" title="Tianwen-4">Tianwen-4</a></i> (2029)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MUSE_(spacecraft)" title="MUSE (spacecraft)">MUSE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OCEANUS" title="OCEANUS">OCEANUS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe" title="Uranus Orbiter and Probe">Uranus Orbiter and Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_Pathfinder" title="Uranus Pathfinder">Uranus Pathfinder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_in_fiction" title="Uranus in fiction">Fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Uranus" title="Category:Uranus">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moons_of_Uranus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moons_of_Uranus" title="Template:Moons of Uranus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moons_of_Uranus" title="Template talk:Moons of Uranus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moons_of_Uranus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moons of Uranus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moons_of_Uranus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">Moons of Uranus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>Listed in approximately increasing distance from <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Rings of Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_(moon)" title="Cordelia (moon)">Cordelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophelia_(moon)" title="Ophelia (moon)">Ophelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_(moon)" title="Bianca (moon)">Bianca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressida_(moon)" title="Cressida (moon)">Cressida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desdemona_(moon)" title="Desdemona (moon)">Desdemona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_(moon)" title="Juliet (moon)">Juliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portia_(moon)" title="Portia (moon)">Portia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_(moon)" title="Rosalind (moon)">Rosalind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid_(moon)" title="Cupid (moon)">Cupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_(moon)" title="Belinda (moon)">Belinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdita_(moon)" title="Perdita (moon)">Perdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puck_(moon)" title="Puck (moon)">Puck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mab_(moon)" title="Mab (moon)">Mab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Major (spheroid)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Umbriel</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Outer (irregular)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prograde</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_(moon)" title="Margaret (moon)">Margaret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retrograde</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_(moon)" title="Francisco (moon)">Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliban_(moon)" title="Caliban (moon)">Caliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephano_(moon)" title="Stephano (moon)">Stephano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2023_U_1" title="S/2023 U 1">S/2023 U 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinculo_(moon)" title="Trinculo (moon)">Trinculo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycorax_(moon)" title="Sycorax (moon)">Sycorax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospero_(moon)" title="Prospero (moon)">Prospero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setebos_(moon)" title="Setebos (moon)">Setebos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_(moon)" title="Ferdinand (moon)">Ferdinand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Geological features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Ariel" title="List of geological features on Ariel">Arielian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachina_Chasmata" title="Kachina Chasmata">Kachina Chasmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangoor_(crater)" title="Yangoor (crater)">Yangoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Miranda" title="List of geological features on Miranda">Mirandian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verona_Rupes" title="Verona Rupes">Verona Rupes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Oberon" title="List of geological features on Oberon">Oberonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(crater)" title="Hamlet (crater)">Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mommur_Chasma" title="Mommur Chasma">Mommur Chasma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Puck" class="mw-redirect" title="List of geological features on Puck">Puckian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Titania" title="List of geological features on Titania">Titanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_(crater)" title="Gertrude (crater)">Gertrude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina_Chasmata" title="Messina Chasmata">Messina Chasmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_(crater)" title="Ursula (crater)">Ursula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousillon_Rupes" title="Rousillon Rupes">Rousillon Rupes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Umbriel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of geological features on Umbriel">Umbrielian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunda_(crater)" title="Wunda (crater)">Wunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuver_(crater)" title="Vuver (crater)">Vuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynd_(crater)" title="Skynd (crater)">Skynd</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Natural_satellites_of_the_Solar_System" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System_moons_(compact)" title="Template:Solar System moons (compact)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_moons_(compact)" title="Template talk:Solar System moons (compact)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solar_System_moons_(compact)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solar System moons (compact)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Natural_satellites_of_the_Solar_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Natural satellites</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">Planetary<br />satellites</a> of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jupiter_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/150px-Jupiter_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/225px-Jupiter_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/300px-Jupiter_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2081" data-file-height="1654" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/150px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/225px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/300px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="501" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:243_ida_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/150px-243_ida_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/225px-243_ida_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/300px-243_ida_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">Dwarf planet<br />satellites</a> of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Orcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weywot" title="Weywot">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Gonggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Eris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">Minor-planet<br />moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Near-Earth</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/3122_Florence" title="3122 Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/65803_Didymos" title="65803 Didymos">Didymos</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dimorphos" title="Dimorphos">Dimorphos</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/66391_Moshup" title="66391 Moshup">Moshup</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/66391_Moshup#Satellite" title="66391 Moshup">Squannit</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(136617)_1994_CC" title="(136617) 1994 CC">1994 CC</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(153591)_2001_SN263" title="(153591) 2001 SN263">2001 SN<sub>263</sub></a></span></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Main belt</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/22_Kalliope" title="22 Kalliope">Kalliope</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Linus_(moon)" title="Linus (moon)">Linus</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/31_Euphrosyne" title="31 Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/41_Daphne" title="41 Daphne">Daphne</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;">Peneius</span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/45_Eugenia" title="45 Eugenia">Eugenia</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Petit-Prince_(moon)" title="Petit-Prince (moon)">Petit-Prince</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/87_Sylvia" title="87 Sylvia">Sylvia</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Romulus_(moon)" title="Romulus (moon)">Romulus</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Remus_(moon)" title="Remus (moon)">Remus</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/93_Minerva" title="93 Minerva">Minerva</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;">Aegis</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;">Gorgoneion</span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/107_Camilla" title="107 Camilla">Camilla</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/130_Elektra" title="130 Elektra">Elektra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/216_Kleopatra" title="216 Kleopatra">Kleopatra</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;">Alexhelios</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;">Cleoselene</span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/243_Ida" title="243 Ida">Ida</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dactyl_(moon)" title="Dactyl (moon)">Dactyl</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/317_Roxane" title="317 Roxane">Roxane</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympias (moon)">Olympias</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/762_Pulcova" title="762 Pulcova">Pulcova</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/3749_Balam" title="3749 Balam">Balam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/152830_Dinkinesh" title="152830 Dinkinesh">Dinkinesh</a> (Selam)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Jupiter trojans</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/617_Patroclus" title="617 Patroclus">Patroclus</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Menoetius_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menoetius (moon)">Menoetius</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/624_Hektor" title="624 Hektor">Hektor</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Skamandrios_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skamandrios (moon)">Skamandrios</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/3548_Eurybates" title="3548 Eurybates">Eurybates</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Queta_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queta (moon)">Queta</a></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>TNOs</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/47171_Lempo" title="47171 Lempo">Lempo</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/47171_Lempo#Hiisi" title="47171 Lempo">Hiisi</a></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/47171_Lempo#Paha" title="47171 Lempo">Paha</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(55637)_2002_UX25" title="(55637) 2002 UX25">2002 UX<sub>25</sub></a></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/79360_Sila%E2%80%93Nunam" title="79360 Sila–Nunam">Sila–Nunam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Actaea_(moon)" title="Actaea (moon)">Actaea</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/174567_Varda" title="174567 Varda">Varda</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmar%C3%AB" title="Ilmarë">Ilmarë</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/229762_G%C7%83k%C3%BAn%C7%81%CA%BCh%C3%B2md%C3%ADm%C3%A0" title="229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà">Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà</a> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/G%C7%83%C3%B2%CA%BC%C3%A9_%C7%83H%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Gǃòʼé ǃHú">Gǃòʼé ǃHú</a></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(532037)_2013_FY27" title="(532037) 2013 FY27">2013 FY<sub>27</sub></a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Ranked<br />by size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a> <ul><li><small><b>largest</b>: 5268 km / 0.413 Earths</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Vanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(moon)" title="Proteus (moon)">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimas" title="Mimas">Mimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmar%C3%AB" title="Ilmarë">Ilmarë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(moon)" title="Nereid (moon)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaea_(moon)" title="Actaea (moon)">Actaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons" title="Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons">Discovery timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_moon" title="Inner moon">Inner moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_moon" title="Irregular moon">Irregular moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary-mass_moon" title="Planetary-mass moon">Planetary-mass moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_moons" title="Naming of moons">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsatellite" title="Subsatellite">Subsatellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_moon" title="Regular moon">Regular moons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration#Trojan_moons" title="Co-orbital configuration">Trojan moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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