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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="أناتول أبراغام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أناتول أبراغام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatol_Abraqam" title="Anatol Abraqam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anatol Abraqam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آناتول آبراقام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آناتول آبراقام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آناتول آبراگام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آناتول آبراگام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اناتول ابراجام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اناتول ابراجام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A0" title="アナトール・アブラガム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アナトール・アブラガム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Абрагам, Анатоль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абрагам, Анатоль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anatole Abragam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Анатоль Абраґам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анатоль Абраґам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French physicist (1914–2011)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Anatole Abragam</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-12-15</span>)</span>15 December 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Griva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courland_Governorate" title="Courland Governorate">Courland Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><br />(now <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 June 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-06-08)</span> (aged 96)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sup%C3%A9lec" title="Supélec">Supélec</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> (Ph.D)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Holweck_Medal_and_Prize" title="Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize">Holweck Medal</a> (1958)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lorentz_Medal" title="Lorentz Medal">Lorentz Medal</a> (1982)<br /><a href="/wiki/Matteucci_Medal" title="Matteucci Medal">Matteucci Medal</a> (1992)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lomonosov_Gold_Medal" title="Lomonosov Gold Medal">Lomonosov Gold Medal</a> (1995)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance">Nuclear magnetic resonance</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonance" title="Electron paramagnetic resonance">Electron paramagnetic resonance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.672905">Some magnetic properties of crystals (Theory)</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1950)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pryce" title="Maurice Pryce">Maurice Pryce</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anatole Abragam</b> (15 December 1914 – 8 June 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a French physicist who wrote <i>The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism</i><sup id="cite_ref-Who_Was_Who_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who_Was_Who-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and made significant contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance">nuclear magnetic resonance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisstein_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisstein-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally from <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Griva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courland_Governorate" title="Courland Governorate">Courland Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, Abragam and his family emigrated to France in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-rsbm_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsbm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weisstein_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisstein-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Abragam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After being educated at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>, (1933–1936), he served in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. After the war, he resumed his studies at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="École Supérieure d'Électricité">École Supérieure d'Électricité</a> and subsequently obtained his <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> in 1950 under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pryce" title="Maurice Pryce">Maurice Pryce</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Abragam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, he was made an Honorary Fellow of <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1960 to 1985, he worked as a professor at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-rsbm_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsbm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Abragam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abragam won the <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Holweck_Medal_and_Prize" title="Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize">Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize</a> in 1958. Abragam was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Lorentz_Medal" title="Lorentz Medal">Lorentz Medal</a> in 1982. He was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS)</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-rsbm_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsbm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A building in <a href="/wiki/CEA_Saclay" class="mw-redirect" title="CEA Saclay">CEA Saclay</a> is named after him; <i>Bâtiment Anatole Abragam</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Abragam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbragam,_Anatole1961" class="citation book cs1">Abragam, Anatole (1961). <i>The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism</i>. Clarendon Press. p. 599. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/242700">242700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Principles+of+Nuclear+Magnetism&rft.pages=599&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F242700&rft.au=Abragam%2C+Anatole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Abragam A & Bleaney B. <i>Electron paramagnetic resonance of transition ions</i>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbragam,_Anatole1986" class="citation book cs1">Abragam, Anatole (1986). <i>Reflections of a Physicist</i> [<i>Réflexions d'un physicien (title of the Fr. original)</i>]. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-851964-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-851964-8"><bdi>0-19-851964-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reflections+of+a+Physicist&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-19-851964-8&rft.au=Abragam%2C+Anatole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbragam,_Anatole1989" class="citation book cs1">Abragam, Anatole (1989). <i>Time Reversal, an autobiography</i> [<i>De la physique avant toute chose (title of the Fr. original)</i>]. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18989324">18989324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+Reversal%2C+an+autobiography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18989324&rft.au=Abragam%2C+Anatole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Abragam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triangledelaphysique.fr/code_6nfp4c89vh">Archived copy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110831113830/http://triangledelaphysique.fr/code_6nfp4c89vh">Archived</a> 31 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iramis.cea.fr/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/News/index.php?id_news=4524">"Décès d'Anatole Abragam"</a>. <i>IRAMIS</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRAMIS&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s+d%27Anatole+Abragam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firamis.cea.fr%2FPhocea%2FVie_des_labos%2FNews%2Findex.php%3Fid_news%3D4524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who_Was_Who-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Who_Was_Who_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowaswhoinameri11marq">"Abragam, Anatole"</a></span>. <i>Who Was Who in America, 1993–1996, vol. 11</i>. New Providence, N.J.: Marquis Who's Who. 1996. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0837902258" title="Special:BookSources/0837902258"><bdi>0837902258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abragam%2C+Anatole&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who+in+America%2C+1993%E2%80%931996%2C+vol.+11&rft.place=New+Providence%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Marquis+Who%27s+Who&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0837902258&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhowaswhoinameri11marq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisstein-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisstein_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisstein_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Wolfgang_Weisstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Wolfgang Weisstein">Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Abragam.html">"Abragam, Anatole (1914-)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ScienceWorld" class="mw-redirect" title="ScienceWorld">ScienceWorld</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceWorld&rft.atitle=Abragam%2C+Anatole+%281914-%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceworld.wolfram.com%2Fbiography%2FAbragam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsbm-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rsbm_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsbm_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsbm_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2017" class="citation journal cs1">Goldman, Maurice (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2017.0026">"Anatole Abragam. 15 December 1914 — 8 June 2011"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>63</b>: 7–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2017.0026">10.1098/rsbm.2017.0026</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0080-4606">0080-4606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Anatole+Abragam.+15+December+1914+%E2%80%94+8+June+2011&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=7-21&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2017.0026&rft.issn=0080-4606&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.2017.0026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531181306/http://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/whos-here/fellows-and-lecturers/fellows/abragana">"Abragam Anatole - Magdalen College"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/whos-here/fellows-and-lecturers/fellows/abragana">the original</a> on 31 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abragam+Anatole+-+Magdalen+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magd.ox.ac.uk%2Fwhos-here%2Ffellows-and-lecturers%2Ffellows%2Fabragana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101019003949/http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/historique/anatole_abragam.htm">"Anatole Abragam - Professeurs honoraires - Chaire européenne - College de France"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/historique/anatole_abragam.htm">the original</a> on 19 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anatole+Abragam+-+Professeurs+honoraires+-+Chaire+europ%C3%A9enne+-+College+de+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.college-de-france.fr%2Fdefault%2FEN%2Fall%2Fhistorique%2Fanatole_abragam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780-2010%3A+Chapter+A&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iramis.cea.fr/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/News/index.php?id_news=5979">Inauguration du bâtiment Abragam SPEC-IPhT</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1992/A1992JA16600001.pdf">"Electron Paramagnetic Resonance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>upenn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=upenn.edu&rft.atitle=Electron+Paramagnetic+Resonance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garfield.library.upenn.edu%2Fclassics1992%2FA1992JA16600001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnatole+Abragam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatole_Abragam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0026">Anatole Abragam. 15 December 1914 — 8 June 2011</a> Biographial Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</li></ul> <div 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Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1983">in 1983</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Aitken" title="Martin Aitken">Martin Aitken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bateson" title="Patrick Bateson">Patrick Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cocking" title="Edward Cocking">Edward Cocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaramakrishna_Chandrasekhar" title="Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar">Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Deslongchamps" title="Pierre Deslongchamps">Pierre Deslongchamps</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166884" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166884">William Douglas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._John_Ellis" title="R. John Ellis">R. John Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Ferguson-Smith" title="Malcolm Ferguson-Smith">Malcolm Ferguson-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Fersht" title="Alan Fersht">Alan Fersht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="William Alexander Gambling">William Alexander Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Graham_Gass" title="Ian Graham Gass">Ian Graham Gass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_R._Gibbons" title="Ian R. Gibbons">Ian Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gray_(chemist)" title="George Gray (chemist)">George Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Guillery" title="Ray Guillery">Ray Guillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hooley" title="Christopher Hooley">Christopher Hooley</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165253" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165253">Anthony James</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Anthony_Lawrence" title="Peter Anthony Lawrence">Peter Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Lawson_(scientist)" title="John D. Lawson (scientist)">John Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusztig" title="George Lusztig">George Lusztig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_David_Marsden" class="mw-redirect" title="C David Marsden">C David Marsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Metcalf" title="Donald Metcalf">Donald Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_O%27Nions" title="Keith O'Nions">Keith O'Nions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Paige" title="Ted Paige">Ted Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Pepper" title="Michael Pepper">Michael Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._D._Powell" title="Michael J. D. Powell">Michael J. D. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Randle" title="Philip Randle">Philip Randle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Roitt" title="Ivan Roitt">Ivan Roitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sargeson" title="Alan Sargeson">Alan Sargeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_W._Sciama" title="Dennis W. Sciama">Dennis Sciama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Sneddon" title="Ian Sneddon">Ian Sneddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Southern" title="Edwin Southern">Edwin Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Spalding" title="Brian Spalding">Brian Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Unwin" title="Nigel Unwin">Nigel Unwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Ward_(physicist)" title="Ian Ward (physicist)">Ian Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Weinberg" title="Felix Weinberg">Felix Weinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Weissmann" title="Charles Weissmann">Charles Weissmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Westcott" title="John Westcott">John Westcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Williams_(biochemist)" title="Dudley Williams (biochemist)">Dudley Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statute 12</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anatole Abragam</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leray" title="Jean Leray">Jean Leray</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Westheimer" title="Frank Westheimer">Frank Westheimer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487491#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487491#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487491#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122187148">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82119231">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12017978r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12017978r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00519424">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35000422">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2003209032&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067472605">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90113030">Norway</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90128166">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000154257&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqsw8lx3h335rt">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007456583405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515608706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00590753?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22973980800">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:abragam.a">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/784523">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd122187148.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028319524">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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